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'''Boontling''' is a [[Dialect|folk language]] spoken only in [[Boonville, California|Boonville]] in [[Northern California]].
==History and description of Boontling==
Although based on [[English language|English]], Boontling's unusual words are unique to Boonville. [[Scottish Gaelic|Scottish]] and [[Irish language|Irish]], and some [[Pomo people|Pomo Indian]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] also influenced the vocabulary of the language.<ref>Haddock, Vicki. [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/02/05/MN158281.DTL "Hamlet's Dying Lingo"] in ''San Francisco Chronicle'', February 5, 2001.</ref> Boontling was invented in the late [[19th century|1800s]] and had quite a following at the turn of the century. Now it is only spoken by aging counter-culturists and original residents. Because the town of Boonville only has a little over 700 residents, Boontling is an extremely esoteric dialect, and is quickly becoming archaic. It has over a thousand unique words and phrases.
===Origins of Boontling===
The [[Anderson Valley]], of which Boonville is the largest town, was an isolated farming, ranching, and logging community during the late nineteenth century. There are several differing versions as to the origin of Boontling. Some assert that the dialect was created by the women, children, and young men in the hop fields and sheep shearing sheds as a means of recreation, and that it spread through the community as the children continued using it when they grew up.<ref>[http://www.andersonvalleymuseum.org/boontling.html ''A Little Boont''] at the Anderson Valley Museum</ref> Myrtle R. Rawles explains that Boontling was started by the children of Boonville as a language game which enabled them to speak freely in front of elders without being understood.<ref>Rawles, Myrtle R. (1967); ''Boontling: The Strange Boonville Language''. Mendocino Historical Society, p.3</ref> It is believed that the language originated from Ed (Squirrel) Clement and Lank McGimsey, in or about the year 1890.
===Documenting the lingo===
Based on interviews of family and neighbors, Rawles wrote an article, ''Boontling, or the strange Boonville language,'' which was published by the California Folklore Society in ''Western Folklore'', volume 25, in 1966, and again by the Mendocino County Historical Society in 1967.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007FTRGQ ''Boontling, or the strange Boonville language''] at Amazon.com</ref>
Researcher Charles C. Adams studied the lingo in the 1960s and wrote a doctoral dissertation based on his research. In 1971 [[University of Texas Press]] published his book, ''Boontling: an American lingo'', which included an extensive dictionary.<ref>"Hamlet's Dying Lingo" in ''San Francisco Chronicle''</ref> Boontling briefly enjoyed a national audience in the mid-1970s when a Boontling speaker was a regular guest on the well-known ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]'' on the [[NBC]] television network.
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=='''A'''==
*Abaloneyite - a resident of Albion on the seacoast where abalone abounded.
*abe - to butt or crowd in so as to push a person out of line and take his or her place.
*airtight - a sawmill.
*applehead - a young girl; girlfriend or wife.
*ark - to wreck something: an anagram, probably from "wreck".
=='''B'''==
*back-dated chuck - a person who is ignorant or behind the times
*bahl - good, great
*bahlness - a very attractive woman
*barlow - a knife: taken from the trade name Barlow knife.
*bat - to masturbate.
*batter - a bachelor; a masturbator.
*bearman - a story teller: Allen Cooper, an innkeeper, who was a bear hunter and a story teller.
*beelch - sexual intercourse.
*beemsch - good show: a blend of bahl (good) and show.
*beeson tree - a stock saddle: Beeson was a trade name.
*beeljeck - a rabbit: a blend of Belgian hare and jack rabbit.
*belhoon - a dollar.
*bilch - sexual intercourse.
*Bill Nunn - syrup; a sobriquet: Bill Nunn put syrup on nearly everything he ate.
*bird-stock - a man with a large family.
*blooch - to prattle on, to talk aimlessly.
*bloocher - a 'bullshitter'; also, a masturbator.
*blue-birded - to be bucked off a horse: One of the boys got bucked off a horse and afterwards *said, "I got thrown so high that a blue-bird could have built a nest on my ass."
*blue grass - whiskey.
*blue-tail - a rattlesnake.
*boo - a potato. [from the Pomo Indian ''bu'']
*booker, ''or'' Booker T - A person of African American descent: from the well known [[Booker T. Washington]]
*Boont - Boonville.
*boont [''verb''] - to speak Boontling
*bootjack - a coyote. (From the v-shape of their ears, resembling a bootjack.)
*borch - a person of Chinese descent: a blend or possibly a euphemism for boar Chinese.
*borego - ''see'': breggo
*borp - a hog; a boar pig.
*boshe - a deer. <ref> Adams traces ''boshe'' to the Pomo Indian word ''bishe''. However, Rawles attributes it to "bosch," a South African antelope (see the definition: [http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/difficultwords/data/d0002600.html bosch] "bosch-bok, n. bush-buck; kind of antelope." at tiscali.co.uk), surmising that the word was taken into Boontling after [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s 1909 African safari. (Rawles, p.5)</ref>
*boshe gun - a .30-30 caliber rifle used to hunt deer.
*boshe hareem - a deer hunting dog or hound.
*bow - to dare or challenge to fight.
*bowgley - a 'whopper' of a lie
*branching - stepping out for a good time.
*branding irons - hand cuffs.
*breggo - a sheep. [from the Spanish ''borrego'']
*briny - the coast.
*broadly - a cow.
*Bucket of Blood - nickname of a Boonville bar known for its brawls.
*bucky - a nickel.
*bucky walter - a pay phone. Derived from the fact that a call cost a nickel at the time. See also "walter".
*buck-inj - a person of Native Indian descent: a blend of buck-Indian.
*buck pasture - refers to the predicament of a man with a pregnant wife.
*burlapping - having sexual intercourse: from an incident in which a local couple was discovered making love on a heap of burlap sacks in the back room of a store.
==
*chap ports - chaps: from the Spanish word Chaparajos.
*charl - to milk a cow.
*Charlie - to embarrass: from a Native American named Charlie Ball was noted for his *bashfulness.
*Charlied - embarrassed.
*Charlie Balled - bashful.
*cheaters - glasses or spectacles
*chigrel - (n.) a food or a meal; (vrb.) to eat: blend of child's gruel.
*chipmunk - to hoard; to save.
*Cloverdal - [[Cloverdale, California|Cloverdale]]: the nearest town to the south.
*cloddies - heavy shoes: from clodhoppers, sturdy or cumbersome shoes.
*cocked - to become angry: like cocking a gun.
*cocked darley - a man with a gun.
*comoshe - a tool to grind sheep shears: a moshe was a machine with a motor.
*condeal or canned eel - a country job: blend of country deal.
*cow skully - a desolate area.
*crazeek - crazy.
*croppies - a sheep.
*cyke or sike - a horse: from cyclone, the name of a local horse that was hard to ride.
=='''D'''==
*deeger - a degenerate person.
*deejy - (adj.) degenerate, generally in reference to a person.
*deek - to notice or call attention to.
*dehigged - to be broke as in not having money.
*dicking - cheating, generally at cards.
*dishing - rushing or pushing in to be first.
*dissies - shoes with metal buckles.
*dissies stool - the stool of repentance for a drunk; the state of being on the water wagon.
*donicker or donagher - a toilet or rest-room.
*Drearies - the Bald Hills, a local spot.
*dreek - whip.
*dreeked - whipped.
*dreeking - a whipping.
*dulcey - a sweet: From the Spanish word ''dulce'' meaning sweet.
*dukes - fists.
=='''E'''==
*eeld'm - an old woman (not complimentary): blend for old dame.
*Ee-tah - an exclamation: considered a version of the old rebel yell that went into many Civil War battles. Many Boonters were originally from the South and made no secret of their rebel sympathies.
*equalizer - a gun
*eesole - an undesirable or questionable character: this is considered a disguised pronunciation or euphemism.
=='''F'''==
*fair and right a person - one who would give or lend money.
*fiddlers - delirium tremens.
*fister - a fight.
*forbes - a half dollar: for bits.
*Frati - wine: Mr. Frati was a local vineyardist.
=='''G'''==
*gannow - apple: Spanish for a type of apple (gano).
*glimmer - a kerosene lamp.
*glow worm - a lantern.
*gorm - to eat or overate: from the French world "gourmandize" meaning to eat greedily.
*greeley - a newspaper, or a newspaper reporter.
*greeny - loss of temper; to throw a greeny or temper tantrum.
=='''H'''==
*haireem - a dog. (From "hairy mouth", since Aiedales were popular in Anderson Valley.)
*harp - to talk.
*harpin' tidrick - a lengthy discussion, especially in Boontling (''see also'': tidrick).
*hedge - a haircut.
*heelch - all; everything: A greedy person when invited to share food and drink would take the heelch: possibly from "whole cheese".
*high gun - to beat to the draw.
*high heel - to arrest. The local sheriff had one leg shorter than the other so he wore one high-heeled boot.
*high heeler - an arresting officer.
*high pockets - a person of wealth: the wealthiest man in the area was six feet six inches tall.
*high pockety - rich; having money.
*higgs - money.
*higged or higgied - having money.
*hob or hobneelch- a Saturday night dance. (From the hobnailed boots that were popular in the valley.)
*hog rings - A large vagina.<ref>[http://mms.mcn.org/~boontling/ Boontling dictionary] at the Mendocino Middle School Boontling Page</ref>
*hood - a peculiar person; person different from the ordinary: a new family moved into the valley and the children wore hoods all day long.
*hoot - to laugh.
*hooter - a loud laugher.
*horn - a drink of liquor.
*horn of zeese - a drink of coffee. See also "zeese".
=='''I'''==
*itch neem'r - with desire to drink: one would say, "I itch neem'r"
*Ite - an Italian
==
*jape - to drive, generally a car.
*japer - a driver of a car.
*Jeffer - a fire, generally a big fire: Jeff Vestal, owner of the Boonville Hotel, built big fires in the parlor and elsewhere.
*Jenny Black - a tattletale; a stool pidgeon: Jenny Beck was a local gossiper and told many tall-tales.
*Jay Esser - a lawsuit: from a well know lawsuit between J.S. Ornbaun ''et al.''
=='''K'''==
*keishbook - an Indian word, meaning a pregnant woman.
*killing snake - to work very hard at something: One would say "He's tackling that job as if he were killing snake."
*kimmie - a man, more often applied to a stranger. (From: "Come here, you.")
*kingster - an expensive church: George Singley, whose nickname was King George, donated liberally to the church building fund.
=='''L'''==
*lengthy - a doe deer.
*Levi - to telephone: Walter Levi was the first to make use of the telephone in Boont. See also "walter", "bucky walter".
*locking - a wedding.
*locking match - an anticipated wedding; engagement to marry.
*log lifter - a heavy winter storm.
=='''M'''==
*Madge - a prostitute: Madge was a brothel madame in [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]].
*madging - visiting the house of prostitution.
*Mason Dixon - division between Boonville and Philo: In the early days a feud almost existed between the two communities.
*mate - either the male or female sex organs
*mate gormin' - oral/genital contact, i.e., either [[cunnilingus]] or [[fellatio]]
*mink - an expensively dressed girl or woman; a wearer of fur.
*Moldune - an overly large woman. (''e.g.'', to ''hit the moldune trail'' - to have an affair with a woman).<ref>[http://mms.mcn.org/~boontling/ Boontling dictionary] at the Mendocino Middle School Boontling Page</ref>
*Moldunes - breasts, especially very large ones.<ref>''Boontling: An American Lingo,'' by Charles Adams, ISBN 0-939665-05-0, p.227.</ref>
*Mollies - ''see:'' moldunes.
*Molly gormin' - oral contact with the female breasts.
*Moshe - Machine. Generally used to refer to an automobile.
*Mouse ear - A tight vagina.<ref>[http://mms.mcn.org/~boontling/ Boontling dictionary] at the Mendocino Middle School Boontling Page</ref>
*Muzz Creek - excess of water in gutters.
=='''N'''==
*nettied - all dressed up; wearing an abundance of lace, ribbons, and finery.
*nonch - no good; bad: blend of "not much".
==
*old dame - a man's wife.
* old dusties - hell.
*oshtook - a person with one eye: a Native American word.
*Otto - to work hard: from a local hard working German settler whose given name was Otto.
=='''P'''==
*pack-em-out-billies - dirty socks.
*paper skull - a small deer.
*Peak'ed Heads - members of Oddfellows' Lodge, usually used by non-members.
*peeril - to rain.
*pearlin - light rain.
*pick-em-up - (1) a person starting a fight; (2) a method of breaking a horse by elevating one foot.
*pike - to go; to travel.
*pusseek - a female cat.
=='''R'''==
*rack - a raccoon
*rawncher - exceptionally large
*region - one's house or home.
*relf - a rail fence.
*ridgy - old fashioned; back-woodsy.
*rout the kimmie in the boat - to [[impregnate]] a woman
=='''S'''==
*seertail or sirtle - a salmon.
*sharkin' - Fighting
*shoveltooth - a medical doctor. [after a local doctor who had protruding front teeth]<ref>[http://www.andersonvalleymuseum.org/boontling.html ''A Little Boont''] at the Anderson Valley Museum</ref>
*skee - whiskey
*skype - a preacher.
*sol - the sun, from the Spanish
*Sol's grandmother or Saul's grandmother - dead.
*somersetting - being over-emotional or sentimental; head-over-heels.
*spat - a .22 caliber bullet.
*steedos - a stallion; stud horse.
*stiff hat - professional fighters.
*straight neck - a person of German descent.
*sunnies - pretty; sunny day.
=='''T'''==
*teebow - deaf.
*telefe - to telephone; a telephone.
*thorps - a man's button shoes.
*tidrick - A party; a social gathering
*tobe - tobacco.
*toobs or tubes - twenty five cents; two bits.
*trash mover - a heavy rainstorm.
*Trojan - dynamite: Trojan is a brand name of dynamite.
*trilbies - shoes, probably dress shoes.
*tuddies - crazy.
*tuffer - a sheep hard to shear; a tough one.
*tweed - a child; a teen-ager.
=='''U'''==
*Uke - [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]].
=='''W'''==
*walter - a telephone. Named after Walter Levi, the first person in town to have one installed.
*weese - a small child; an infant
*Wes - a harmless fish.
*Wheeler - a fit; a tantrum.
*wilk - a wild cat.
=='''Z'''==
*zeese - coffee: Zachariah Clifton "Z.C." or Zeese Blevens was a coffee drinker.
==References==
<references/>
== External links ==
*[http://www.avbc.com/visit/boontling.html A basic history of Boontling]
*[http://www.avbc.com/visit/boontling.html#bahl More Boontling...]
*[http://avbc.catalog.com/viewProduct.cfm?item_id=716158 Boontling: An American Lingo]
*[http://www.andersonvalleymuseum.org/boontling.html Boontling] at the Anderson Valley Museum
*[http://mms.mcn.org/~boontling/ Mendocino Middle School Boontling Dictionary]
*Haddock, Vicki. [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/02/05/MN158281.DTL "Hamlet's Dying Lingo"] in ''San Francisco Chronicle'', February 5, 2001.
== See also ==
===Articles===
*[[Californian English]]
*[[Speech community]]
*[[Dialect]]
===Books===
* ''Boontling: An American Lingo,'' by Charles Adams, ISBN 0-939665-05-0.
* ''A Slib of Lorey'' (translation: A bit of folklore) by Edna Sanders, no ISBN.
* ''English to Boontling'' by Judy Belshe-Toernblom. Published by BalboaInk@aol.com ISBN 978-0-9655530-2-5
== Sources ==
Rawles, Myrtle R. (1966); ''Boontling: The Strange Boonville Language''. California Folklore Society.
[[Category:Constructed languages]]
[[Category:Mendocino County, California]]
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