Homosexuality and List of Garfield characters: Difference between pages

Revision as of 18:20, 22 January 2005

Revision as of 17:36, 9 July 2007

Line 1:

This is a list of characters in the [[comic strip]] [[Garfield]], as well as the [[animated cartoon]] series ''[[Garfield and Friends]]''.

{|align=right

{{fansite}}

| [[Image:Homosex.JPG|frame|Ancient Greek representation of male love. Bisexual practices were widely accepted and honored in ancient Greece]]

{{verylong}}

|-

== Primary characters ==

|

===Garfield===

{{Gay}}

{{main|Garfield (character)}}

|}

[[Image:Garfield.JPG|130px|thumb|right|Garfield]] '''Garfield''' is the main central character in the [[Jim Davis]] [[comic strip]] ''[[Garfield]]''. He is a [[lazy]], [[selfish]], [[overweight]], [[orange (colour)|orange]] [[tabby cat]] who enjoys eating, sleeping, stealing Jon's dinner, and tormenting Odie by kicking him off the table. He loves [[lasagna]] and enjoys entertaining (or annoying) an unseen neighboring audience on top of a fence in the middle of the night (and gets bombarded by various objects by the agitated audience for it). He hates [[spider]]s, and often splats them until they are as flat as a pancake with a rolled up newspaper. His first appearance was June 19, 1978. His first TV appearance was on [[Here Comes Garfield]]. His last was on the [[Garfield and Friends]] episode, [[The Ocean Blue]].

'''Homosexuality''' is a [[sexual orientation]] characterized by esthetic attraction, [[romantic love]], or [[sexual attraction|sexual desire]] exclusively for another of the same [[sex]]. (For an analysis of the difficulties involved in the issue of identification, see [[homosexuality and transgender]] and also [[heterosexuality]] and [[bisexuality]].)

{{-}}

===Jon Arbuckle===

"Gay" can refer either to homosexuals in general, or specifically to male homosexuals. "Lesbian" refers to female homosexuals. (''see [[#Etymology and usage|Etymology and usage]], below'').

[[Image:JonArbuckle.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Jon Arbuckle]]

Jon is the owner of Garfield and Odie, a total [[nerd]], and a clumsy [[individual]]. He is the primary [[fodder]] and conversation partner to Garfield and is often the butt of his jokes. He makes his living as a cartoonist. This reference has not been seen in the comic strip since its early days, but the animated show Garfield and Friends does show him several times in his job as a [[cartoonist]]. Jon manages to make enough money to keep Garfield well fed — no easy feat. Often, Jon, as well as Garfield, gets bored, and comes up with "fun" ways to cure boredom (such as buying new [[socks]], clipping his [[toenails]], or playing "Guess the [[Burp]]" with Garfield). His full name has been revealed as Jonathan Q. Arbuckle (the "Q" might stand for "[[Quack]]") in a [[Christmas]] strip. He is played by [[Breckin Meyer]] in the [[Garfield film]]s. His first television appearance was on [[Here Comes Garfield]]. Hist last was on [[The Ocean Blue]].

===Odie===

==Etymology and usage==

{{main|Odie}}

[[Image:Garfield character Odie.png|thumb|right|Odie.]]

He is a lovable but intellectually challenged yellow-furred, brown-eared [[beagle]] constantly panting with his very large tongue, and the only character without a "voice" as he was portrayed as a "normal" house dog. However, he was once shown to be thinking "I'm hungry". He also says "I don't know, I'm kinda scared," as a "mistake" in the cartoon episode "Mistakes Will Happen". More recently, he was seen actually speaking in one of Garfield's dream sequences. [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2005-ga050710] He also sometimes thinks like Garfield. [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1995-ga951221] He sometimes says minor things in episodes of the television series, such as "Ta-da!", "Huh?", or more commonly, panting "Yeah, yeah, yeah!". In the [[live-action]] [[film]]s based on the strip, Odie was a real-life [[dachshund]]. Though he may seem stupid, in one strip, he was seen reading "[[War and Peace]]" and listening to [[Mozart]]. First appeared: [[Here Comes Garfield]]. Last appeared: [[The Ocean Blue]].

<br clear=all>

===Arlene===

The first known appearance of the term ''homosexual'' in print is found in an anonymous [[1869]] German pamphlet ''143 des Preussischen Strafgesetzbuchs und seine Aufrechterhaltung als 152 des Entwurfs eines Strafgesetzbuchs für den Norddeutschen Bund'' ("Paragraph 143 of the Prussian Penal Code and Its Maintenance as Paragraph 152 of the Draft of a Penal Code for the North German Confederation") written by [[Karl Maria Kertbeny]]. This pamphlet advocated the repeal of [[Prussia]]'s [[sodomy law]]s (Bullough et. al. ed. ([[1996]])). Kertbeny had previously used the word in a private letter written in [[1868]] to [[Karl Heinrich Ulrichs]]. Kertbeny used ''Homosexualität'' in place of Ulrichs's ''Urningtum''; ''Homosexualisten'' instead of ''Urninge'', and ''Homosexualistinnen'' instead of ''Urninden''.

[[Image:Arlene.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Arlene]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1980-ga801217 December 17, 1980]

Garfield's female friend. She is a [[pink]] cat with a long neck and buck teeth. She once wished their relationship would take a few steps, but Garfield does not seem to notice. Garfield once quipped in the early strips that he and Arlene have an apparent love-hate relationship: Garfield loves himself, and Arlene hates that. Garfield loves to tease Arlene about the gap between her front teeth, which also infuriates her. She seems somewhat more clever than Garfield and repays his teasing with witty comebacks.

Poststructuralist theorist [[Michel Foucault]] (1980) cites "Westphal's famous article of 1870 on "contrary sexual sensations" as the "date of birth" of the categorization of gay men and lesbians. The term's first known use in English is in [[Charles Gilbert Chaddock]]'s translation of [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]]'s ''[[Psychopathia Sexualis]]'', a study on sexual practices. The term was popularized in the [[1906]] [[Harden-Eulenburg affair]].

Although she never appeared on the animated series (with the exception of a cameo appearance in the fourth season), she appeared in the film version as well, where she was voiced by [[Debra Messing]]. Arlene, whom is never shown talking in animation, will possibly have a speaking line in the 2007 direct to video movie, [[Garfield Gets Real]].

The word ''homosexual'' translates literally as "of the same sex," being a hybrid of the [[Greek]] prefix ''homo-'' meaning "same" (as distinguished from the [[Latin]] root ''homo'' meaning ''human'') and the Latin root ''sex'' meaning "sex." Although some early writers used the adjective ''homosexual'' to refer to any single-gender context (such as the Roman Catholic clergy or an all-girls' school), today the term implies a sexual aspect. The term ''homosocial'' is now used to describe single-sex contexts that are not specifically sexual. Older terms for homosexuality, such as ''homophilia'' and ''inversion'' (in which a gay individual would be called a 'homophile' or an 'invert') have fallen into disuse.

In the book ''Garfield's Judgment Day'', it was revealed she was a stray cat, which she had never revealed to Garfield until emergency situations brought it to light.

The term ''homosexual'' can be used as a noun or adjective to describe same-sex oriented persons as well as their sexual attractions and behaviors. However, some recommend that the terms ''homosexual'' and ''homosexuality'' be avoided lest their use cause confusion or arouse controversy. In particular the description of individuals as ''homosexual'' may be offensive, partially because of the negative clinical association of the word stemming from its use in describing same-sex attraction as a [[pathological]] state before homosexuality was removed from the [[American Psychiatric Association]]'s list of mental disorders in [[1973]]. The use of the word homosexual in describing individuals and same-sex relationships may also be inaccurate.

===Pooky the Teddy Bear===

Same-sex oriented people seldom apply these terms to themselves, and public officials and agencies often avoid them. For instance, the Safe Schools Coalition of Washington's ''Glossary for school employees'' advises that ''gay'' is the "preferred synonym for homosexual," and goes on to advise avoiding the term ''homosexual'' as it is "clinical, distancing and archaic":

[[Image:Pooky.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Pooky]]

'''First Appearance:'''

[http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1978-ga781023 October 23, 1978]

Pooky is Garfield's teddy bear and best friend that Garfield discovered stuffed in a drawer. Despite the fact that Pooky is a stuffed animal, Garfield acts as though he can communicate with him. At one point, Garfield pretended to teach Pooky how to jump through hoops then Garfield turned around to talk to Jon. When he turned back Pooky was on the other side of the hoop. Garfield is generally overprotective of Pooky. Once Garfield thought he lost Pooky so he turned into "The Caped Avenger", a repeating storyline, and tried to find Pooky. It turned out that Jon had just thrown him in the wash.

:Sometimes appropriate in referring to behavior (although same-sex is the preferred adjective). When referring to people, as opposed to behavior, 'homosexual' is considered derogatory and the terms 'gay' and 'lesbian' are preferred. ''Homosexual'' places emphasis on sexuality and is to be avoided when describing a person. ''Gay man'' or ''lesbian'' are the preffered nouns with stress cultural and social matters over sex.

The strip shows Garfield searching through Jon Arbuckle's bottom drawer, finding Pooky, and adopting him as his own. Once, Pooky lost an eye for several comic strips. It was replaced the following [[Christmas]]. In addition, Pooky was over-squeezed by Garfield and had an inflated head. Afterwards, Garfield tried to squeeze him back but made his head thin and body thick. Then, Jon "completely restuffed" Pooky and made him fat on both ends. Also, Pooky had lost his arm on one occasion on the week of January 1, 1983, but was sewn back on. Garfield looks at Pooky as the only one that he can truly trust. Outside of dream sequences and the like, Pooky has never been "brought to life" (as in the case of [[Hobbes (Calvin and Hobbes character)|Hobbes]] of the comic strip ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]'') "on camera" in the strip, but on rare occasions, the possibility that Pooky is more than just a stuffed bear is brought up, though never confirmed or denied. (Garfield was pretending to teach him to jump through a hoop. Jon asked what was happening. Garfield looked away for a moment. Pooky appeared on the other side of the hoop). In the Spanish translation of the strip, Pooky was initially named "Doggy" ("perrito") but suddenly changed name to Pooky in further lines. In a few strips, he is referred to as "Pookie" but "Pooky" is clearly used more often.

The ''Guardian Style Guide'', ''Newswatch Diversity Style Guide'', ''American Heritage Dictionary'', and the Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concern of the American Psychological Association's ''Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language'' all agree that "gay" is the preferred term.

<br clear=all>

===Nermal===

Likewise, the use of ''homosexuality'' to describe [[sexual behavior]]s between people of the same sex may be inaccurate, although it is not perceived as being as offensive as ''homosexual''.

[[Image:Nermal.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Nermal]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1979-ga790903 September 3, 1979]

Nermal is a small gray [[kitten]], self-proclaimed "The world's cutest [[kitten]]." He frequently makes unannounced visits into Garfield's home, where he flaunts his cuteness and becomes the focus of Jon's attention for the entire duration of his visit, much to Garfield's dismay. Nermal especially does this on Garfield's birthdays to remind him of how he is getting older.

Western people who regard themselves as having a same-gender sexual orientation tend to prefer the terms [[gay]] and [[lesbian]]. The latter term (noun or adjective) refers specifically to women; the term ''gay'' can apply to both men and women - although unqualified usage would more often be referring to men. Other terms include ''same-gender-loving'', and ''same-sex-oriented.''

Nermal is a male kitten, but his voice actress in the cartoon ([[Desirée Goyette]]) and long [[eyelashes]] have led to some confusion over his gender. It is revealed in one strip that he is a model for cat calendars and greeting cards. He once mentioned that he is going to stay cute and small forever because he's a midget. ("I think small," he once quipped, "and the coffee and cigarettes don't hurt.") However, there is evidence that Nermal preserves his cuteness by mud packing his face. In exasperation and feelings of being degraded for ugliness and advancement in age, Garfield ultimately attempts to ship Nermal to [[Abu Dhabi]]. In later strips Nermal grows up and appears to be in what could be considered adolescence, but retains his vanity and continues to poke fun at Garfield.

Derogatory terms include [[fag]] or [[faggot]], which generally refer to gay men; [[queer]], generally inclusive of anyone who is not exclusively heterosexual; [[homo]]; and [[dyke]], referring to lesbians. Such terms, however, are sometimes used in a positive way among gay persons (particularly "queer" and "dyke"). Using the term 'gay' as a noun can be considered offensive despite its acceptance as an adjective, i.e., "a gay man" is preferred over "a gay".

The Spanish-dubbed version of the TV series changed Nermal's name to Thelma during some seasons. His first television appearance was on [[School Daze (Garfield and Friends)|School Daze]]. His last was on [[Change of Mind]]. In ''[[Garfield (film)|Garfield: The Movie]]'', Nermal is portrayed as an adult (and slow witted) [[Siamese (cat)|Siamese]] cat rather than a small gray kitten, and is voiced by [[David Eigenberg]].

Which terms are acceptable and which are offensive varies widely with the connotations of the words ''gay'' and ''lesbian'' are also culturally dependent. For instance, among some sectors of African-American gay sub-culture, same-gender sexual behavior is sometimes viewed as solely for physical pleasure. Men on the ''[[down-low]]'' (or ''DL'') may engage in regular (although often covert) sex acts with other men while pursuing sexual and romantic relationships with women. These men often regard ''gay'' as a term that applies to stereotypically flamboyant and effeminate men of [[White]] ancestry, a group with which some feel no affinity. Some experts have suggested that this ''DL'' subculture may have come about because of stronger stigmas against same-sex behavior in African-American communities, as well as greater dependence on family networks (who may be [[homophobic|prejudice]]) for support. This ''DL'' behaviour may also serve as a cover of secrecy for gay men who would find it difficult to [[come out]].

===Mom===

In non-Western countries, an array of other terms has been employed. In ancient China various obscure poetic terms were used to describe behaviors, but not identities. These included "the passion of the cut sleeve," and "split peach" or "sharing a peach" (&#20998;&#26691;). Other, less obscure terms have included "male trend" (&#30007;&#39080;), "allied brothers" (&#39321;&#28779;&#20804;&#24351;), and "masculine-dragon preference" (&#40845;&#38525;&#30294;).

[[Image:JonsMom.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Mom]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1980-ga800213 February 13, 1980]

Jon’s mother lives on a farm and is known to be a great cook (she can make just about anything out of potatoes, proven in a 1980s strip when she creates five different kinds of potatoes(Scalloped, Whipped, Fried, Baked and Broiled.) She also always has the same expression on her face. Based on Jim Davis' mother Betty Davis, Jon's mother is also known for sending him and Garfield cooked meals in packages. Jon once got mashed potatoes and Garfield got gravy, which started to leak from the corner of the envelope. On one Christmas occasion, after Dad said, "Please tell me they were adopted.", her response was "I don't know, I was out at the time."

A common modern Chinese term is "tongzhi" (&#21516;&#24535;, literally, comrade; also ''nu tongzhi'' (&#22899;&#21516;&#24535;)"female comrade"). This was first adopted by researchers in Hong Kong Gender Studies.

In ''[[A Garfield Christmas Special]]'' and the Garfield episode, ''[[Feeling Feline]]'', she was voiced by [[Julie Payne]].

In Japan similar obscure historical terms largely influenced by classical [[Chinese literature]] were employed until fairly recently when the more descriptive ''d&#333;seiaisha'' (&#21516;&#24615;&#24859;&#32773;, literally same-sex-loving person) became the only term available.

===Dad===

More recently the contraction "homo" was used; somewhat confusingly this term was used both positively and pejoratively. Nowadays the terms ''gei'' (&#12466;&#12452;, a transliteration of ''gay'') and ''rezu'' or ''rezubian'' (&#12524;&#12474;&#12289;&#12524;&#12474;&#12499;&#12450;&#12531;, transliterations of ''lesbian'') are the most common in the gay community, while pejorative terms like ''okama'' (a word of obscure origin literally meaning a cooking pot) are sometimes used. (For further information, see [[Homosexuality in China|Gays In China]] and [[Homosexuality in Japan|Gays In Japan]]).

[[Image:JonsDad.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Dad]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1980-ga800213 February 13, 1980]

Jon's father who tends the family farm. In his sole animated appearance, ''[[A Garfield Christmas Special]]'', he was voiced by [[Pat Harrington Jr.]] and as proved in one strip has not been off the farm in a long time. Based on Jim Davis' father, James William Davis.

==Incidence and prevalence of homosexuality==

===Doc Boy===

Estimates of the modern prevalence of homosexuality vary considerably, and are complicated by differing or even ambiguous definitions of ''homosexuality''. Recent estimates in Western countries range from 1% to 10%.

[[Image:DocBoy.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Doc Boy]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1983-ga830517 May 17, 1983]

Jon's brother who lives on a farm with his mother and father, and often fights with Jon, calling him a "city slicker". Hates being called "Doc Boy" and Jim Davis addresses in a strip once that he did not like the name since he started wearing pants. Based on Jim Davis' brother David "Doc" Davis, who's not nearly as goofy as his cartoon counterpart.

Historically, however, in areas where same-sex relationships were integrated in the culture, such as [[Ancient Greece]], parts of [[Melanesia]], [[Renaissance]] [[Florence]], and pre-modern [[Japan]], romantic relationships were engaged in by a majority of the male population.

In ''A Garfield Christmas Special'', he was voiced by [[David Lander]].

See: [[Prevalence of homosexuality|Prevalence of same-sex orientation]].

===Grandma===

==Homosexuality as one end of a bisexual continuum==

[[Image:JonsGrandma.jpg|180px|thumb|left|Grandma]]

Jon and Doc Boy's grandmother. She is a [[Harley-Davidson|Harley]]-riding, [[leather]]-wearing old lady who carves turkey with a chainsaw. She loves Jon, Garfield, and Odie, and occasionally makes appearances throughout the series. The most is revealed about her in Garfield's Christmas special, where it is revealed that her husband has died and she talks about her life with him. She is undoubtedly Garfield's favorite of Jon's family. In the strip, Grandma was originally depicted as a stereotypical elderly woman, wearing a shapeless, plain dark dress and her hair in a tight bun; her animated appearances outfit her as a more modern-looking woman. In ''[[A Garfield Christmas]] Special'' and ''[[Garfield's Thanksgiving]]'', she was voiced by [[Pat Carroll (actress)|Pat Carroll]]. She also appears as the DVD seller on the DVD store on the Garfield website.

{{-}}

===Lyman===

Some people who are in general heterosexual may have mild or occasional interest in members of their own sex. They are often referred to as [[bi-curious]]. Conversely, many people who identify themselves as gay, or who might feel greater same-sex attraction, have engaged in heterosexual activities or even had long-term heterosexual relationships. This practice can sometimes be an aspect of being [[The Closet|in the closet]], or may be described as [[bi-curious]] or [[bisexual]] behaviour, but what is clear is that a person's sexuality cannot always be strictly defined.

[[Image:Ga790308.GIF|thumb|right|Lyman & Garfield.]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1978-ga780807 August 7, 1978]<br/>

'''Last Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1988-ga880619 June 19, 1988]

Friend of Jon's who lived with him for a while and was the original owner of Odie. He first appeared on [[August 7]], [[1978]]. However, he disappeared from the comic on April 24, 1983 and his disappearance was never fully elaborated upon. His last appearance in the strip was a cameo on Garfield's 10th Birthday [[June 19]], [[1988]] where he appears in the title panel seated between Jon's Dad and Liz, he also appears in a flashback panel within the strip. Recently, Davis was forced to directly address the issue of 'What happened to Lyman?'. According to Davis, Lyman's original purpose was to be someone who Jon could actually talk to and express other ideas—a role more and more taken over by Garfield himself. Hence, he was removed without explanation. The closest thing Davis has ever given to explain his absence is "Don't look in Jon's basement". In the Web game [http://www.garfield.com/fungames/scavengerhunt/scavengerhunt.html "Scary Scavenger Hunt"], Lyman is shown chained onto the wall in the basement of a haunted mansion, as well as screaming in a bathtub upstairs (in a scene clearly referencing the "shower scene" in the film ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]''; even the screeching violins from the infamous scene are played here) and his head is also shown in a room under a blanket. In [http://www.garfield.com/fungames/scavengerhunt2/scavengerhunt2.html "Scary Scavenger Hunt 2"], his head is found inside the kitchen oven. This "in the basement" joke was revealed by Mr. Davis to not be entirely true. In an interview he mentioned that the real reason that Lyman disappeared was that he joined the [[Peace Corps]] and was never heard from again. Lyman has appeared on the Garfield website as the seller at the bookstore.

Some studies, notably ''[[Sexual Behavior in the Human Male]]'' and ''[[Sexual Behavior in the Human Female]]'' ([[1953]]) by [[Alfred Kinsey]], point out that when asked to rate themselves on a continuum from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual, and when the individual's behavior as well as their identity is analyzed, the majority of people appear to be at least somewhat [[bisexual]]. During their lives most people have some attraction to both sexes, although usually one sex as greater attraction. Kinsey and his followers therefore consider only a minority (5-10%) to be ''fully'' or exclusively heterosexual or homosexual. Conversely, only an even smaller minority can be considered "fully" bisexual, if that term is defined as having equal attraction for both sexes. Some later studies have suggested that Kinsey's studies exaggerate the occurrence of not only bisexuality, but homosexuality as a whole in the population at large, but his idea of a sexuality continuum still enjoys wide acceptance.

===Irma===

Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, in and of itself, does not necessarily demonstrate same-sex orientation. Not all people who are attracted to or have sexual relationships with other people of their sex identify as gay or even bisexual. Some people frequently have sex with people of the same sex yet still see themselves as heterosexual. It is important therefore to distinguish between sexual behavior, same-sex atrraction, and gay identity, which need not coincide. For example, people in prison, the military, or other sex-segregated environments may engage in what is known as "[[situational sexual behavior|situational sexual behavior]]" despite identifying and living as exlusively heterosexual outside these environments.

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1979-ga790609 June 9, 1979] (though not by name until [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1979-ga791019 October 19, 1979])

[[Image:Ga070413.gif|480px|thumb|left|A strip featuring Irma]]

Similarly, some people engage in same gender sex for reasons other than desire. One example is otherwise heterosexual male [[prostitute]]s ([[hustler (disambiguation)|hustlers]]) or pornographic actors who earn money by having sex with other men. This is sometimes called being "[[Gay slang|gay for pay]]."

Waitress and owner of "Irma's Diner", a diner occasionally patronized by Jon and Garfield. Her first appearance was on [[October 19]], [[1979]]. The food, service, and mental stability of both Irma and her restaurant are all questionable. For instance, her idea of a "chicken surprise" is her coming up to the table wearing a rubber chicken mask and saying "SURPRISE!" She also referred to "your choice of [[potato]]es" as "cooked" and "raw." However, this may be attributed to her operating the diner 24 hours a day with no help (though in other comics, she is shown to speak to other diner employees). Although her main and most memorable appearances took place earlier in the strip, in 1999 she appeared (updated to match the most recent style of the strip), once again doing wacky things at the diner.

==Homosexual behaviour in non-human animals==

''Main article: [[Homosexuality in animals]]''

===Dr. Elizabeth Wilson===

Homosexual behavior appears to be fairly common amongst birds and mammals such as [[ape]]s and [[giraffe]]s. Some believe that this behavior has its origin in male social organization and social dominance, similar to that in [[prison sexuality]].

[[Image:LizWilson.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Dr. Liz Wilson]]

'''First Appearance:''' [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1979-ga790626 June 26, 1979]

*Homosexual behavior can be found amongst the [[bonobo]], which is a fully [[bisexual]] species.

*The [[Black Swan|black swans]] of [[Australia]] will form sexually active male-male mated pairs and steal nests or form temporary bonds with females to obtain eggs.

*A March [[2004]] study by Dr. Charles E. Roselli et. al. (Oregon Health and Science University) states that homosexuality in male sheep (found in 8% of rams) is related to a region in their brain which they called the "ovine Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus" (oSDN) and which is greater than the corresponding region in heterosexual male sheep. That means that there are more brain cells than can produce estrogenic hormones. These results suggest that naturally occurring variations in sexual partner preferences may be related to differences in brain anatomy and, in particular in its capacity for estrogen synthesis. [http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/145/2/478 Read the abstract of the study.] It is possible but unproven that this hypothesis could apply also to humans.

Garfield's [[veterinarian]] and long-time crush of Jon Arbuckle. She occasionally dates him, but these outings always become disasters, and Liz herself has little regard for Jon. She vainly tries to make him understand that she is not interested, but Jon is persistent in his efforts. In one strip, she revealed she had a (possibly entirely fictional) boyfriend named Nick "The Mangler" Scarlotti; however, he has never been mentioned again. The two appeared to have fallen in love after Liz admitted that she liked Jon, which means Liz has become Jon's girlfriend. [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2006-ga060726] She first appeared on [[June 26]], [[1979]]. In the [[live-action]] [[film]]s, she became Jon Arbuckle's "[[girlfriend]]/[[partner]]". In animation, she was voiced by [[Julie Payne]]. On [[Garfield and Friends]], she appeared occasionally in the first two seasons only. In the live-action movies, she is played by [[Jennifer Love Hewitt]]. Her first television appearance was on [[Garfield Goes Hawaiian]]. Her last was on [[Arrivederci, Odie!]].

==Why do different sexual orientations exist?==

''Main articles: [[Causes of sexual orientation]] & [[Homosexuality and medical science|Same-sex Orientation & Medical Science]]''

Jon and Liz shared their first true kiss on December 19, 1981, though Jon had previously managed to steal a kiss on October 6, 1979. In the past, Liz showed great dislike and little respect for Jon; her attempts to show him that she was not interested in him were generally futile, although she did deliver some pithy comments. During the week of her second appearance, Jon asked her what she would suggest for an animal who is madly in love (referring to himself), and Liz countered with "[[spaying and neutering|neutering]]." They didn't have a lasting relationship until after another kiss during slight dating fiasco on July 28, 2006. A third kiss was shared on September 3 of the same year.

Considerable debate continues over what determines a person's sexual orientation (especially with regard to [[Genetics and sexual orientation|genetic]] vs. [[Environment, choice, and sexual orientation|environmental]]) factors, whether that orientation is immutable or [[Environment, choice, and sexual orientation|chosen]]. Some people maintain that being gay is like being a speeder, and say that it is learned behavior. Other people maintain that it is far too difficult to extinguish same-sex orientation and/or to replace them with heterosexual motivations, impulses, and behaviors for homosexuality to be simply a learned behavior. They assert that there must be innate reasons for sexual motivations that in a high frequency of cases direct male sexual interests to females and vice-versa, and that in the case of gay people innate factors of this same general category are present but are directed toward atypical targets.

From this point on, Liz has been Jon's girlfriend (she called him "Sweetie").

Some scientific studies have pointed to findings that gay men's brain anatomy is similar to heterosexual women and different from their heterosexual male counterparts. Other findings include that fingerprints of gay men match closely with those of heterosexual women, and fingerprints are formed 16 weeks after conception within the womb which could point to homosexuality being determined by genetic factors. In identical twins, researchers have also found that if one self-identifies as a gay man or lesbian the chance of the other being gay is increased to 50%. Scientific inquiry into the reasons for homosexuality is still an emerging field of study, and new research is constantly changing the way science views homosexuality.

===Herman Post===

Some religious organisations that believe that homosexuality is a choice now offer [[conversion therapies]] for lesbians and gay men in an attempt to change their orientation to heterosexuality. These conversion therapies have been condemned by a number professional organisations in the medical / scientific field for causing depression - sometimes leading to suicide - and being of little value. The [[American Psychological Association]] in 1997 passed a resolution declaring therapists engaged in such conversion therapies to be following [[unethical]] practice.

[[Image:HermanPost.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Herman Post]]

Jon Arbuckle's [[mail carrier|mailman]]. Garfield constantly torments him by ripping off his pants and leaving him shredded and scratched, and he perpetually tries to find a way to deliver the mail safely, but almost never succeeding (although the mail always makes it). In ''Garfield and Friends'', the mailman was voiced by [[Gregg Berger]]. He first appeared on [[January 28]], [[1984]]. His first appearance on television was on [[Fair Exchange (Garfield and Friends)|Fair Exchange]]. His last was on [[Fill-in FELINE]]. In some of the comics, his [[hair]] is [[white]] instead of [[brown]].

The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], [[American Counseling Association]], [[American Association of School Administrators]], [[American Federation of Teachers]], [[American Psychological Association]], [[American School Health Association]], [[Interfaith Alliance Foundation]], [[National Association of School Psychologists]], [[National Association of Social Workers]], and [[National Education Association]] have developed and endorsed a statement in 1999 reading:

{{-}}

*''The most important fact about '[[reparative therapy]],' also sometimes known as 'conversion' therapy, is that it is based on an understanding of homosexuality that has been rejected by all the major health and mental health professions. The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the [[American Counseling Association]], the [[American Psychiatric Association]], the [[American Psychological Association]], the [[National Association of School Psychologists]], and the [[National Association of Social Workers]], together representing more than 477,000 health and mental health professionals, have all taken the position that homosexuality is not a mental disorder and thus there is no need for a 'cure.' ...health and mental health professional organizations do not support efforts to change young people's sexual orientation through '[[reparative therapy]]' and have raised serious concerns about its potential to do [[harm]].''

== Neighbors ==

== Society, religion, and the law ==

[[Image:gay-flag-6.png|frame|The [[rainbow flag]] is widely used as the symbol of [[gay pride]].]]

* '''Hubert and Reba''' are Jon's stereotypical "grumpy old neighbors." Hubert is mostly outside on his porch yelling "REBA!" when Garfield, Jon, Odie, and other characters are doing something crazy. Reba is mostly inside doing something unseen. In an earlier comic, Reba is called "Thelma." Their only Television appearance was on "''Here Comes Garfield.''"

[[Societal attitudes towards homosexuality| Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships]] have varied over the centuries, from requiring all males to engage in relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, and finally to proscribing it under penalty of death.

* '''Mrs. Feeny''' is another neighbor, who has never appeared in the strip. Garfield routinely torments her, her little dog, and Mr. Feeny (who have never appeared as well) and as such Mrs. Feeny is always complaining to Jon about Garfield over the phone, or occasionally, vent her revenge on Jon. But, Garfield isn't always bitter to Mrs. Feeny. One year, he gave her a homemade hairball for Christmas. In one strip it is mentioned that Garfield once glued her dog to a cross town bus. When called on this, he raises his paw to swear, only to notice that his coffee cup has become attached to him. Another time Jon reported to Garfield, "Mrs. Feeney's little dog is missing again, and all those stamps I bought yesterday are gone, not to mention a box and some twine!" Garfield replied, "Take your time, it'll come to you."

*'''Ellen''' is a local woman whom Jon often tried to go out with. Of all of the women Jon calls for a date and ends up getting rejected, Ellen is the most common. She was introduced as a blind date for Jon [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1990-ga901109 November 9, 1990] After 16 years, Ellen finally dated Jon in the comic on [[July 17]], [[2006]] and appeared in person on [[July 20]], [[2006]] after Jon convinced her to go on a date because she had [[amnesia]] and couldn't remember how much she despised him.[http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2006-ga060720] She was persuaded to go on a date with him, and on July 20th, 2006, the strip finally showed her as a blond woman with a striped dress. [http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2006-ga060720] For years she never appeared in the strip, but many strips focused on Jon phoning Ellen asking for a date. She usually asked him sarcastically to do something very stupid first, before refusing. Once Jon received a restraining order from her on [[November 22]], [[1996]], but despite that has asked her out many times since then (to no success). Jon fell in love with Liz who admitted that she did like Jon - and Ellen, still having amnesia, went with the man that Liz initially dated that night.

== Family ==

The religious response to gay people varies. At the present time the teachings of the [[Abrahamic religions]] are being interpreted by the more conservative sects or denominations to view same-sex relationships a [[sin]], while [[Buddhism]], [[Shinto]] and some other religions hold that sexuality in general can interfere with the spiritual life and social order, but place no importance on the gender of the object of desire. In those cultures influenced by fundamentalist interpretations of religions, same-sex relationships are considered a [[perversion]] and has been outlawed (see [[sodomy law]], [[consensual crime]]); in some jurisdictions sexual activity between those of the same gender remain a [[capital crime]]. (See [[religion and homosexuality|religion and same-sex orientation]] for a comprehensive discussion.)

The relationship between the [[moral]] condemnation of the gay community and its legal status is complicated. For instance, in England [[buggery]] was a crime under medieval [[canon law]] because it was banned by the Church. However, prosecutions for this offence died out. Sex between those of the same gender was formally banned by Parliament in the 19th century as one of a range of sexual offences, alongside sex with under-age girls, as part of an expression of a general [[moral outrage]] related to events of that time.

[[Image:GarfieldsMom.jpg|130px|thumb|right|Garfield's mother, Sonja]]

*'''Sonja: Garfield's mother,''' Garfield's most influential family member. His mother is a stray, and he hardly sees her. But when they do meet, such as in the television special ''Garfield on the Town'' and a loose adaptation that ran in the strip in December [[1984]], she showers him with the love that she can rarely give. She also appeared in the television special ''Garfield: His 9 Lives'', and in the [[November 5]], 1994 strip, in which she's the only one watching Garfield's representation on the fence. [[Sandy Huge]] provided her voice in the specials.

[[Persecution of homosexuals|Persecution of gay men and lesbians]] is common across cultures and ideologies. While it often claims religious justification, the experience of [[homosexuals in Nazi Germany|gays under Nazi germany]] is a recent egregious example of persecution by a racially based (rather than religiously-based) doctrine. The Nazis viewed same-sex attraction as a sign of [[eugenic]] moral weakness, rather than as a [[sin]].

*Garfield's '''grandfathers''' have both appeared. His maternal grandfather, Wilfrid, is a strict, demanding stray, who insists (with extreme futility, of course) that Garfield must become a mouser. His paternal grandfather, Garfield I, is a cynical, bitter and sarcastic character with a habit of telling long (and often completely made up) stories. He holds his grandson in mild contempt and threatens Jon with physical harm when he claims to see a family resemblance.

[[image:gaymap.PNG|thumb|Map showing variances in laws on same-gender sexual activity]]

* Other [[relative]]s have included '''Uncle Harry''', '''Aunt Bernice''', '''Uncle Hubert''', '''Aunt Reba''', '''Uncle Barney''', '''Aunt Evelyn''', '''Uncle Nick''', '''Aunt Edna''', '''Uncle Roy''', '''Uncle Bob''', '''Uncle Morty''', Garfield’s [[brother]] '''Raoul''', and '''[[Cousin]] Sly'''. Most have been [[unseen characters]].

In [[pre-industrial]] western societies same-gender sex was generally accepted by the lower classes and the upper class, less so among the bourgeoisie, though most professed to consider it [[immoral]]. However, with the rise of [[urbanisation]] and the [[nuclear family]], same-gender sex became less tolerated and even outlawed in some cases.

By the 19th Century most areas adopting the [[Code Napoleon]] (French-based civil law) had no specific ban on same-gender sex, while many areas with British-based Common Law systems had anti-sodomy statutes and executed gay men and lesbians as late as the end of the 1800's.

Beginning in the [[20th century]], [[gay rights]] movements, as part of the broader [[civil rights movement]]s, in concert with the development of the often activist academic treatment of sexuality in [[queer studies]], have led to changes in social acceptance and in the [[media portrayal of homosexuality|media portrayal of the gay community]].

[[Image:Samesex_Map_Europe.png|left|thumb|200px|[[Same-sex marriage]] in Europe.]]

The legalization and legal equality of same-gender sex, together with legal status for [[same-sex marriage]] and non-gender-specific [[civil union]]s is one of the major goals of gay rights advocates to protect families of gay couples.

In recent years a number of jurisdictions have relaxed or eliminated laws curbing same-gender sex, including [[sodomy]] laws and laws preventing gay citizens from serving in their country's armed forces.

In [[Bulgaria]] gay sex between adults (over 18) was legalized in [[1951]], in [[Hungary]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] - in [[1961]]. In England and Wales, gay sex was legalized in [[1967]], for consenting males aged over 21. Scotland followed in 1980, and Northern Ireland in 1982. The [[age of consent]] was lowered in 1994 from 21 to 18, and again in 2000 to 16 in mainland Britain and 17 in Northern Ireland. This last change gave it equal treatment with the heterosexual age of consent. However, not until [[2003]] were the earlier offences of [[buggery]] and [[gross indecency]] abolished so that gay sex was treated in the same way as heterosexual sex (previously it was illegal for gay sex to involve more than two people, or for anyone to watch).

In the United States, the trend culminated on [[June 26]], [[2003]] with the landmark [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] decision ''[[Lawrence v. Texas]]'' which overturned all sodomy laws in the United States.

In China no specific law has targeted any gay behavior, but gay men are often convicted of being "rascals," which can lead to a jail sentence or to re-education.

== Pests ==

In Japan there are no laws against same-gender sex.

[[Image:FloydMouse.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Floyd the Mouse from ''Garfield and Friends''.]]

* '''Mice''' - Jon's house is also inhabited by mice, Most of whom are unnamed, though one was named "Squeak" and anothe was named "Herman Vermin". The mice enjoy a quite full social life—to much annoyance of Jon. Garfield, however, cannot be bothered to chase them, and according to him they tend to either bribe or blackmail him to stay so. In the cartoon show, there was a significant mouse with a similar role named '''Floyd''', who could be told apart by the fact that he was drawn with oval eyes, like the other regulars, had a pink nose (an animation goof in "Good Mousekeeping" shows another mouse briefly with Floyd's nose), and was voiced by Gregg Berger. A running gag with Floyd was his annoyance with the fact that he didn't appear often (he often says he wishes he'd be on more than once a season; it's unclear whether Floyd really does only appear once a season).

* '''[[Spider]]s''' - also appear in the strip regularly. They sometimes walk around the house or dangle from the ceiling-or get squished by a newspaper wielded by Garfield. This, of course, leads to several attempts by the spiders to get back at Garfield, which are unsuccessful in most cases. Garfield does occasionally obtain help from the spiders, such as to get rid of an annoying fly. The spiders were initially drawn with six legs, although now they are generally drawn with eight.

* '''[[Flea]]s''' - have been important characters too. Once a flea [[nurse]] asked if Garfield would like to contribute for a [[blood drive]], but Garfield catches on. In a comic from 1989, the fleas are having a rowdy [[party]] on Garfield’s back. Garfield sprays [[bug spray]] on his back, but the fleas continue to party, making Garfield frustrated with the spray he used. The first week of fleas is in 1980, when Garfield gets them from Odie. When Garfield looked up fleas in the dictionary, it said, "flea (flē) n. a small [[wingless]],[[bloodsucking]] parasite… also see: [[brother-in-law]]."

== Household Appliances ==

''See also'': [[List of countries which permit or outlaw homosexual behavior|List of countries which permit or outlaw same-gender sex]]

* Three household appliances in the comic are the '''talking bathroom scale''', the '''alarm clock''' and the '''TV'''. The three objects have quite different personalities: The scale, sometimes known as '''RX-2''', usually allows itself to be quite cynical and crude about Garfield's overweight state. But sometimes when it does so, it gets smashed or thrown into a trash can. A cover on one of the Garfield paperbacks show Garfield putting a toe on the scale and it heaving with agony. The clock usually retracts from ringing loud and waking Garfield, since he tends to smash it into pieces, and was once flushed down a toilet because it woke Garfield. The TV also speaks to Garfield by itself on occasion, usually trying to persuade Garfield into continuing to watch it or turning it off. Once, when Garfield fell asleep in front of the TV, the TV yelled at him to turn it off. On an episode of ''Garfield'' TV show there was a [[The Twilight Zone|Twilight Zone]]-like episode with Garfield trapped in the TV set.

==History==

''Main article: [[History of homosexuality|History of same-gender sex]]''

== Television personalities==

Modern Western gay identity as it is currently understood is largely a product of [[19th century]] [[psychology]] as well as the years of post-[[Stonewall riots|Stonewall]] [[gay liberation]]. It is generally not applicable as a standard when investigating same-gender sex and people's identities in past ages.

[[Image:Binky.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Binky the Clown]]

* '''Binky the Clown''' is a television personality noted for his extremely loud and piercing greetings, most notably "HEEEEEEEY, KIDS!" He was first mentioned on March, 13, 1985 in the comic strips.[http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1985-ga850313]In ''[[Garfield's Halloween Adventure]]'', the character made his first animated appearance and was given a voice. Binky was first seen in the comics on September 15, 1986[http://www.garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1986-ga860915]. On ''Garfield and Friends'', Binky became more of a regular, and would modify his greeting to suit who it was he was greeting, such as "HEEEEEEEY, CAT!" He also had his own segment on the show during the second and third seasons, called ''Screaming With Binky'', in which he showed up in the midst of a certain activity and performed his trademark greeting, ruining said activity. Most of these segments were cut in syndication, but have been restored for the DVD releases. Like Jon, Binky was voiced by Thom Huge. His first television appearance was on [[Peace and Quiet]]. His last: [[The Feline Philosopher]].

*'''Uncle Roy''' is another television personality and the [[rival]] of Binky. He remains an [[unseen character]].

== Toys ==

The earliest western documents concerning same-sex relationships come from [[Ancient Greece]], where same-sex relationships were a societal norm, valued for their pedagogic benefits and as a means of population control. As [[Kenneth J. Dover]] points out, such relationships did not replace marriage between man and woman but occurred before and beside it. These relationships were typically [[pederasty|pederastic]], and it would be less common for a man to have a mature male mate (though some did): typically, a man would be the ''erastes'' (lover) to an adolescent ''eromenos'' (loved one). In this relationship, claims Dover, it was considered "improper" for the eromenos to feel desire, as that would not be masculine. Driven by desire and admiration, the erastes would devote himself unselfishly to providing all the education his eromenos required to thrive in society. In recent times, the research by Dover has been questioned in light of massive evidence of love poetry and paintings on ceramic vases, which suggest a more emotional connection than earlier researchers have liked to acknowledge.

[[Image:Stretchthechicken.gif|480px|thumb|right|A Stretch strip]]

*'''Stretch'''

**First appearance: [http://garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?1984-ga840619 June 19, 1984]; acquired his name the next day.

**Last appearance: [http://garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2000-ga001231 December 31, 2000]

**''Stretch'' is Garfield's rubber chicken, who was given to Garfield on his 6th birthday. It only appeared for a week after, yet makes cameo appearances from time to time, mainly used as a weapon against Jon. Stretch was last seen on [[December 31]] [[2000]].

*A recurring plot in the strip is Garfield eating Jon's various '''pet fish''', which causes Jon to get mad. In an attempt to prevent Garfield from eating his second pet fish one week, he lets Garfield name it. Ironically, '''Second Helping''' (the fish Garfield named) lasted to the end of the strip, an event very rare in a Garfield comic. Another time, he named a fish '''Sushi'''. It is mentioned that Jon owned 323 fish. Garfield thought it was 321, but then remembered that "two died of natural causes".

== Objects thrown at Garfield ==

[[Image:Shah Abbas and Wine Boy.jpg|left|thumb|frame|Shah Abbas I of Iran embracing his wine boy. Painting by Muhammad Qasim, 1627. The poem reads &#8220;May life grant all that you desire from three lips, those of your lover, the river, and the cup.&#8221; Louvre, Paris]]Continuing the ancient tradition of male love in which [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]], cup-boy to the gods, symbolized the ideal boyfriend, Moslem - primarily [[Sufi]] - poets in medieval [[Arab]] lands and in [[Iran|Persia]] wrote odes to the beautiful wine boys who served them in the taverns and shared their beds at night. Among the Moslems the practice of pederasty was widespread, if not universal (as documented by [[Richard Francis Burton]], [[André Gide]] and many others), and has survived into modern times. It continues to surface despite efforts to keep it quiet, as it did after the American invasion of Afghanistan, when the same-sex love customs of [[Kandahar]], in which adult men take on adolescent lovers, became widely known.

[[Image:SPLUT!.jpg|thumb|right|An example of a SPLUT! hitting Garfield in the face]]

Cities in northern Italy, [[Florence]] and [[Venice]] in particular, were renowned for the widespread practice of same-sex love, engaged in by a majority of the male population and constructed along the classical pattern, as documented in recent studies by Michael Rocke and Guido Ruggiero.

*'''The SPLUT!s''' are slapstick-comedy flying pies which strike Garfield on random occasions, making the sound "SPLUT!" when they hit. Typically the Spluts are used for shock humor or as a running gag ('''Garfield'': ''(checks the calendar)'' "Yep... it's 'Splut week.'"). The SPLUT!s have not appeared in the strip for several years, however.

*'''Garfield's Fence Hecklers''' are usually known to be [[unseen characters]]. The very first strip to show Garfield on a fence had an irate old man in a nightshirt toss an alarm clock. However, in later strips, many of the (normally unseen) throwers are implied to be dogs. Sometimes, Garfield is hit with a SPLUT! while on the fence.

== Food ==

In [[Asia]] same-sex love has been a central feature of everyday life, in China since at least [[600s BCE|600 BCE]], and in Japan for over one thousand years. Such relationships were typically pederastic and marked by differences in age and social position. However, the instances of same-sex affection and sexual interactions described in the ''[[Cao_Xueqin|Hong Lou Meng]]'' (''Dream of the Red Chamber,'' or ''Story of the Stone'') seem as familiar to observers in the present as do equivalent stories of romances between heterosexuals during the same period. For more information see [[Homosexuality in China|Gays in China]] and [[Homosexuality in Japan|Gays in Japan]].

*The '''contents of Jon's fridge''' have been left alone for so long that many of them have evolved into sinister intelligent lifeforms. The most sinister of all was the '''Mystery Meat''', which attempted to embark on a plan for world domination. Some were not sinister or intelligent, and simply became life forms (Bacon grazing on lettuce, etc.)

Similarly, [[Thailand]] had no concept of homosexuality until the late 20th century. ''[[Kathoey]]'' or ladyboys have been a feature of Thai society for many centuries. They were men who dressed as women. They were generally accepted by society without much question, although a family was often disappointed if one of their sons became a Kathoey. The teachings of Buddhism, dominant in Thai society was accepting of a third gender designation.

* When dieting, Garfield often has [[hallucination]]s. One common [[hallucination]] features '''walking food''' which encourages Garfield to eat it.

== Friends ==

In [[Central Asia]], on the [[Silk Route]], the two traditions of the east and the west met, and gave rise to a strong local culture of same-sex love. This was centered around the [[bacha]] (a [[Turkik]] [[Uzbekistan|Uzbeki]] term etymologically realted to the [[Iran|Persian]] ''bachcheh,'' catamite), typically an adolescent male entertainer who donned female attire and makeup and sang and danced erotic songs. These [[Muslim]] bachas were trained from childhood and carried on their trade until their beard began to grow. Though the tradition eventually succumbed to [[Stalin|Stalinist]] repression and western morality, early [[Russia|Russian]] explorers were able to document the practice.

*'''Wheezer''' is Jon's old school friend. He calls Jon "Carp Face". Wheezer visited Jon at his house [[April 23]], [[1990]] through [[April 29]], [[1990]]. He asked Jon if he remembers the "Reptile", which is a dance they did together on the floor. Wheezer and Jon did silly noises like Booga, Honk, Whoop, Yadda, Wheedie, Ooga, Nyahh, and Hoogie. Later in the comic, Jon saw Wheezer at his high-school reunion. Wheezer often brings up embarrising moments in Jon's high school career at the wrong time. While Jon was talking to the girl of his dreams, Wheezer yells "HEY CARPFACE!" and brings up the memory of Jon blowing his nose on the American flag. He also stole Jon's pants at the reunion and threw them into the girls' locker room.

[[Image:Samarkand A group of musicians playing for a bacha dancing boy.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Dance of a bacha (dancing boy), Samarkand, (ca 1905 - 1915), Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii]]

* '''Aunt Gussie''' is Jon's aunt. She first appeared [[August 14]] through [[August 15]], [[1981]], [[baby-sitting]] Garfield while Jon took a vacation. She didn't know Garfield left. She later appeared on [[November 8]] through [[November 12]] [[1983]], when she became mean and had glasses. She was supposed to baby-sit Garfield on the week of [[April 25]], [[1988]] while Jon was having his [[tonsils]] removed, but she did not show up. She has a crush on [[John Travolta]].

* '''Mrs. Lillian''' is an extremely near-sighted old lady, who Jon has hired as a pet sitter to go out on a date with Liz. First Appearance: [http://garfield.com/comics/comics_archives_strip.html?2007-ga070327 March 27, 2007] In one of her comic strips, she mistakes an orange, and a pineapple for Garfield and Odie.

===Animals===

In many societies of [[Melanesia]] same-sex relationships are an integral part of the culture. In some tribes of [[Papua New Guinea]], for example, it is considered a normal ritual responsibility for a boy to have a relationship as a part of his ascent into manhood. Many Melanesian societies, however, have become antagonistic towards same-sex relationships since the introduction of [[Christianity]] by [[European]] [[missionaries]].

*A recurring plot in the strip is Garfield eating Jon's various '''pet fish''', which causes Jon to get mad. In an attempt to prevent Garfield from eating his second pet fish one week, he lets Garfield name it. Ironically,''' Second Helping''' (the fish Garfield named) lasted to the end of the strip, an event very rare in a Garfield comic. Another time, he named a fish '''Sushi'''. It is mentioned that Jon owned 323 fish. Garfield thought it was 321, but then remembered that "two died of natural causes".

*A '''big, vicious dog''' often enjoys barking at Garfield. His rear end is rarely seen. He is almost always seen next to a "Beware of Dog" sign. Garfield isn't usually afraid of this dog, and makes fun of him and even chats with him. Once in a while, he'll be afraid of him. There are several regular "Beware of Dog" dogs; the main one has either brown or blue fur.

* '''Biff''' was Garfield's colleague intern that he taught how to be a good cat -according to Garfield's standards.

* A '''little chick''' that looks up to Garfield and calls him "Daddy" (it was originally "Mommy" until Garfield explained to the little guy what gender was). He is a nuisance to Garfield who, oddly enough, is reluctant to eat the little guy (for some strange reason, the thought just never crossed his mind). The chick doesn't like lasagna. At the end of the week long strips, Garfield has a tear rolling down his eye.

* '''Snails''' have been in the strip more recently (in the 2000’s). The strips feature Garfield asking questions about snails.

* '''Guido and Fluffy''' were a cat and dog who help Garfield escape from the city [[animal shelter|pound]] in a comic strip of January 1981.

* '''Lyle''' is Garfield's pet ant. Garfield later squashed him for eyeballing his lasagna.

* '''Loretta''' is one of the Mouse's sisters. Garfield was going to fight her. When the Mouse called her name, Garfield didn't want to fight her. She was a Giant Mouse.

* Garfield loves to eat '''sparrows''', and has many attempts to catch them (most of the time failing), most notably his "barbecue bird bath" and his various bird disguises.

* There's occasionally a dog who usually pops up at the final panel of a strip and harming Garfield in the process, always exclaiming, '''"____ DOOOGGGG!"''' with the blank word being his way of entrance. He is dressed in a pilot's cap, a cape, and a shirt that reads the initials of his name, which varies between his appearances. Examples include, "Trapdoor Dog", "Slingshot Dog", and "Bungee Dog".

* '''Herbie''' was Jon's pet frog, but was later inevitably eaten by Garfield. He appeared in 1980. In a October 30, 1994 strip, all of the pets Garfield ate were in one of Garfield's nightmares. Herbie is there underneath a white blanket that represents a ghost. He has never been heard from again.

===Miscellaneous===

The sexual orientation of pre-modern figures is a topic of intense controversy. It may be accepted, for example, that the sex lives of historical figures such as [[Alexander the Great]], [[Hadrian]], [[Virgil]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Michelangelo]], [[Plato]], [[Christopher Marlowe]] (who coined the term 'quean') and [[William Shakespeare]] included or were centred upon relationships with people of their own gender. Terms such as "gay" or "bisexual" might be applied to them in that sense. But many regard this as risking the anachronistic introduction of a modern social construction of sexuality that is foreign to their times. For example, their societies might have focused upon the sexual role one took in these encounters, namely active, passive, both, or neither, as a key social marker. This particular system of designation is currently the norm in many areas of [[Latin America]].

*'''The Caped Avenger''' is Garfield's alter ego, a [[superhero]] who fights with only a cape (his blanket). He once had a sidekick named Slurp, (Odie) and also once lost his blanket and became the "Paisley Avenger." Some early strips show his superhero name as "Freedom Fighter". In one episode he refers to Jon as his archnemesis "The Infamous Doctor Dweeb".

* A '''tree''' is always trying to encourage Garfield to climb him, always ending in Garfield falling for its "same old lies". In the beginning, he sits on a tree branch, but more recently finds himself gripping the branch by his front paws and dangling. Once while stuck up a tree, he meets a cat named Ed who was raised by squirrels and had never walked on the ground before.

* '''Mondays''' are another nemesis of Garfield's. Often, they are shown off-panel but causing things to happen in-panel (such as throwing a pie at Garfield). When they are shown, they are drawn as ugly monsters. The most prominent theme was "The Monday That Wouldn't Die", in which every day in the month after a certain Monday was also Monday.

* '''[[Santa Claus]]''' is portrayed as a real, rather than fictional, character in the Garfield strip. This is a rarity as most newspaper comics do not show Santa as someone who actually exists. Belief in Santa is unquestioned, both Garfield and Jon believe in him and Garfield has witnessed him flying in his sleigh, coming down the chimney, and distributing presents. Somehow despite all of the trouble that Garfield gets into he remains on Santa's nice list. On Garfield's first Christmas Eve (December 24, 1978), he received 20 pounds of lasagna, a request which Santa notes nobody else in the world asked for.

* '''The Stump''' is where Garfield once went in August 8 to August 14, 1982.He heard strange noises in the stump. Garfield threw a stone in the stump and a bone came out. Garfield saw that a mouse live in the Stump. Garfield was about to attack the mouse for scaring him, But was attacked by the mouse's pet human,Guido. When Garfield left he heard the noises Guido made in his bed and food dish.

* '''The Sludge Monster''' is a monster made of mudlike goo. He is never seen in the comics, but Jon and Liz often go out to see "Sludge Monster" movies at theatres. The Garfield cartoon "[[Sludge Monster]]" is all about him. The creepy motel owner calls him "Maurice." There is a song about him that Jon sings to Garfield and Odie. He is only seen at the end of that episode and suggests the motel needs cable TV. There is a huge amount of Sludge Monster movies in the comics.

* '''Vermin Man''' is a character that was mentioned in Garfield comic strip in April 25,1980.He Starred in a Movie called "The Sluge Monster meets Vermin Man" when Jon took Liz on a date to a Drive in Theater.

* '''Garfield's conscience''' is an entity whose job is to "make you feel bad about the things that make you feel good." He is described as resembling "everyone's mother." When not working, he shares Garfield's sense of humour. He told Garfield to back up a little, and Garfield fell of the table. He is quite annoying, to the point that Garfield bottled him. Jon unfortunately took the cork out, wherupon he was told to "get a haircut". He has been shown as Garfield's bed, food dish, clock and a bottle. The cricket from television may be one of his forms, or a different conscience.

* '''[Yarn]''' is also a character Garfield can “think” too. The yarn talks back to Garfield, although it is not a hallucination. The first one talked January 19, 2001. The yarn humor has included the yarn shampooing itself, going in a hot tub and shrinking, and Garfield taking it for a walk (which let itself loose).

* '''The sock''' is another superhero alter-ego of Garfield. His sidekick Stinky (Odie with smelly socks) is shown to be worst as Garfield can realise.

* '''Clive''' is Garfield's invisible friend. He is another way through which Garfield plays pranks on and irritates Jon and Odie.

==Television series only==

It could be noted, on the other hand, that when evidence that a particular historical figure's sex life pointed exclusively toward an attraction to people of an opposite gender describing them as heterosexual rarely evokes such controversy. This tendency among Western historians, to view heterosexuality as an acceptable norm while regarding arguments that a particular historical figure may have been gay as controversial or requiring more evidence than a claim of opposite-sex attraction might warrant, is often attributed to homophobia on the part of historians and is referred to within queer studies as [[heteronormativity]].

{{main|Garfield and Friends}}

===Cactus Jake===

During the last few decades, in part due to their history of shared oppression, gays in the West have developed a shared [[Queer culture|culture]], although not all gays participate in it, and many gay men and women specifically decline to do so. (See [[gay pride]].)

[[Image:CactusJake.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Cactus Jake]]

'''Cactus Jake''' is the foreman of the Polecat Flats ranch, and a friend of Jon. He was seen only in the TV series and had a habit of saying Garfield's name wrong. Whenever Garfield wore a cowboy outfit, Jake always believed that he really was a cowboy named "Shorty" (Jon would always recognize "Shorty" as Garfield, however). Jake's voice was provided by [[Pat Buttram]]. First appeardd: [[Polecat Flats]]. Last appeared: [[The Multiple Choice Cartoon]]. Last appearance (mentioned): [[Stairway to Stardom]].

===Dr. Garbanzo Bean===

In 1973, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM) removed homosexuality as a mental disorder from the manual.

[[Image:Garbanzobean.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Dr. Garbanzo Bean]]

'''Dr. Garbanzo Bean''' is a [[mad scientist]] who invented a mechanical Odie dubbed the "Robodie." This proved popular enough for him to return in a sequel, appropriately enough called "Robodie 2." He was voiced by [[Frank Welker]].

==Related=Al articlesG. Swindler===

[[Image:AlGSwindler.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Al G. Swindler]]

*[[List of gay-related topics]]

'''Al G. Swindler''' is, as his name suggests, a [[swindler|Confidence trick]], often conning Jon whenever he can, not to mention mispronouncing his last name. He only appeared in the TV series, usually getting outsmarted by Garfield shortly after tricking Jon enough times, and at the end of the episodes he was in, he would usually say, "It's getting tougher and tougher to make an honest buck these days." He was voiced by [[Carl Ballantine]]. He first appered on the episode Lemon Aid.

===The Buddy Bears===

*Human sexual orientation:

[[Image:BuddyBears.jpg|180px|thumb|right|The Buddy Bears]]

**[[Causes of sexual orientation]], [[Environment, choice, and sexual orientation]], [[Genetics and sexual orientation]], [[Prevalence of homosexuality|Prevalence of same-sex orientation]], [[Reparative therapy|Reparative therapy, or conversion therapy]], [[Homosexuality and medical science|Same-sex Orientation & Medical Science]], [[Homosexuality and Transgender|Same-sex orientation and Transgender]], [[Sexual orientation]]

'''The Buddy Bears''' are a trio of annoying singing bear cubs who encourage viewers to "always agree with the group" (similar to ''[[The Get-Along Gang]]''). Their names are '''Bobby''', '''Billy''', and '''Bertie'''. In the episode "5 Minute Warning" the DVD subtitles mistakenly gave Bertie's name as Brady. The only disagreement they've ever had was over pizza toppings, which supposedly no one can agree on. Their show once replaced Binky's, and Roy Rooster from ''[[U.S. Acres]]'' has twice been stuck as their fall guy. Garfield has remarked that he "hates Buddy Bear episodes". In the episode "The Garfield Opera", the bears' full names are revealed to be '''Robert,''' '''William,''' and '''Bertram''' respectively. In one episode, they are accompanied by their sister, '''Betty Buddy Bear.''' In another episode, the Buddy Bears are hired to provide factual explanations for everything Garfield does, i.e., appearing spontaneously to say "Bananas are a very good source of potassium" when Garfield mentions bananas. Eventually Garfield tricks them into leaving by asking them about "gazorninplats," which they know nothing about (since Garfield made it up), and, admitting defeat, they leave. The trick backfires, however, when a TV producer notifies Garfield that he is so taken with the name "Gazorninplat" that he is going to replace Garfield's show with new Gazorninplat show. They first appeared on [[Binky Gets Cancelled, Again!]].

===Madman Murray===

*History, the law, religion and morality, contemporary attitudes:

[[Image:MadManMurray.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Madman Murray]]

**[[Civil rights movement]]

'''Madman Murray''' is a caricature of the type of ecstatic salesmen seen advertising used cars on television. Somewhat like Swindler, Madman is continually conning Jon out of his money. However, Madman's appearances on the show do not typically end with Garfield outsmarting him. He is voiced by [[Gregg Berger]]. His cartoons were [[Guarenteed Trouble]], [[Rolling Romance]], [[Jumping Jon]] ([[cameo]]) and [[Madman Meets His Match]].

**[[Civil union]]

**[[History of sexuality]]

**[[Homosexuality and morality|Morality & Same-sex Orientation]]

**[[Religion and homosexuality|Religion and the gay community]]

**[[Pederasty]]

**[[Persecution of homosexuals|Persecution of lesbians and gay men]]

**[[Same-sex marriage]],

===Mr. Burnside===

*[[Kinsey report]]

[[Image:Mr. Burnside.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Mr. Burnside]]

*[[List of famous gay, lesbian or bisexual people]]

'''Mr. Burnside''' is Jon's next-door neighbor, who is constantly annoyed by Garfield stealing his food. Early on in the sixth season, he was pushed so far as to rent his house out. Shortly after moving, Burnside found out that without Garfield stealing his food, he and his wife were getting overweight, so they agreed to move back. He is voiced by [[Gregg Berger]].

*[[Sex in advertising]]

*[[Sexual minority cultures]]

*[[Situational sexual behavior]]

==External=Penelope linksPussycat===

[[Image:PenelopeCat.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Penelope]]

===Background===

'''Penelope Pussycat''' served as another love interest for Garfield, appearing only in the show's last three seasons, quickly becoming a regular even with only three episodes being labeled by their titles as "Penelope episodes". She lives in an Italian restaurant, which is no doubt the main reason that Garfield goes out with her. The fact that Garfield enjoys eating more than being with her annoys Penelope, but she willingly goes out with him anyway, because as she says, "It doesn't matter what we do so long as we do it together." She is voiced by [[Victoria Jackson]]. Penelope was not a character creation by Jim Davis or 'Garfield & Friends' writer, Mark Evanier. Penelope was a conception of Dallas, TX resident and Garfield fanatic by the name of Chris Miller. Penelope was included as part of a spoof newspaper submission to Paws Inc in 1989. Because Miller did not have his creation copyrighted or trademarked, Penelope was fair use for the Garfield shows. Another character of Miller's named "Gwendolyn" appeared in an episode of the series.

* [http://www.androphile.org/ The Androphile Project - The World History of Male Love]

* [http://www.glbtq.com/ Encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender & queer culture]

* [http://www.glsen.org/ GLSEN: Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network]

* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/ Halsall's Gay History Page]

*[http://www.leaderu.com/jhs/reisman.html Kinsey and the Sexual Revolution] - by Dr. [[Judith Reisman|Judith A. Reisman]]

* [http://www.ohsu.edu/news/2004/030504sheep.html OHSU]

* [http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-3/sexual.htm Sexual Minorities on Community College Campuses]

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/homosexuality/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Same-sex Orientation]

* [http://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/readings/homofinger/homo_finger.html The Breedlove Study]

* [http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/rapidpdf/en.2003-1098v1.pdf The Sheep Study]

===Ludlow===

===Medical & Scientific Organisations' Statements On Homosexuality===

[[Image:LudlowSparrow.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Ludlow]]

* [http://www.thebody.com/apa/apafacts.html American Psychiatric Association Statement]

'''Ludlow''' is a young [[sparrow]] who appeared during the last two seasons, and who sounded somewhat like [[Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy|Augie Doggy]]. Being young and impressionable, he believes that Garfield is his friend, and as a result, Garfield cannot bring himself to eat him. Ludlow's dad distrusts cats, and therefore is aggressive to Garfield. He was voiced by [[Don Messick]]. His cartoons were [[Sweet Tweet Treat]] and [[Catch as Cats Can't]].

* [http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.html American Psychological Association Statement]

* [http://www.clgs.org/5/5_6_1.html American Acadmey Of Pediatrics Statement]

* [http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_expr.htm Fact Sheet Of Various Organisations]

* [http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~stafflag/genehistory.html Links To Various Scientific Studies]

===The Singing Ants===

===Organizations active for gay rights===

[[Image:SingingAnts.jpg|180px|thumb|right|The Singing Ants]]

* [http://www.stonewall.org.uk Stonewall (UK)] - gay lobby group in the UK

'''The Singing Ants''' are a group of [[black ants]] who showed up to ruin Jon's picnic in the season five episode "The Picnic Panic". They are referred to as the Singing Ants because they make their appearance announcing what they do, which is to steal food from picnics, by way of song ("we're the ants who ruin your dinner"). The ants proved to be so popular with viewers that two seasons later, the ants reappeared in the aptly-titled "Another Ant Episode". This time, though, they were red ants, and they had come to steal all the food in Jon's house. At the end of their second episode, Jon's house was destroyed by the exterminator, Mr. Leo Crater's robot. The ants sang "We'll be back after you rebuild here, cause by then it'll be time for a Third Ant Episode". But because of the show's cancellation, there never was a third one. They also made a cameo in "A Vacation From His Senses". The Ants are perhaps the only antagonistic characters whom Garfield cannot succeed in outsmarting.

* [http://www.outrage.org.uk Outrage (UK)] - direct action gay political activists

* [http://www.hrc.org/ Human Rights Campaign]

* [http://www.glaad.org Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]

* [http://www.lambdalegal.org/ Lambda Legal Defense Fund]

* [http://216.220.97.17/ North American Man/Boy Love Association] -US Lobbying group

* [http://www.thetaskforce.org/ NGLTF (National Gay & Lesbian Task Force)] US Lobbying group

* [http://www.outinamerica.com/ Out In America]

===Ichabod Cricket===

===Organizations that offer support to lesbians and gay men===

[[Image:Ichabodcricket.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Ichabod]]|

* [http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.html American Psychological Association]

'''Ichabod Cricket''' served as Garfield's conscience in the ''Garfield and Friends'' episode, "A Matter of Conscience", based on [[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]. Throughout the episode Garfield was annoyed by the cricket, and at the end of the episode Garfield squahed him. Garfield said the cricket was in the original book, but not in the Disney film (referencing the fact that Jiminy Cricket was not in the book, but was in the Disney film). Later after Ichabod left Garfield, he went on to make sound effects (he did cricket chirps). He showed up in the next episode, "Half-Baked Alaska", as [[Jon Arbuckle|Jon's]] conscience. He told Jon to dump [[salad]] on his head, spill [[lasagna]] on the fat guy's (Jon's boss) lap, and hit the cartoonist in the face with a cake. The end of the episode features Garfield, Jon, and Odie chasing the cricket, because he told Jon to give him all his money.

* [http://www.ilga.org/ International Lesbian and Gay Association]

* [http://www.llgs.org.uk London Lesbian Gay Switchboard] - the first in the world, started as East London Gay Switchboard in 1974.

* [http://www.soulforce.org/ Soulforce, Inc.] - interfaith movement representing GLBT people.

===Esmeralda===

===Organizations that offer support to lesbian and gay families===

'''Esmeralda''' is a clumsy [[fairy godmother]] that grants wishes to [[cats]] and dogs. Appering in the episode, “[[The Fairy Dogmother]]”, she granted Odie’s wish to go to the Hound Dog Harvest. Later she appered on the episode, “Dogmother II”, when Garfield wished he could get revenge on Rootie the Dog. She forgot what Garfield wished for, so she granted whatever anyone in the Arbuckle house wanted. For example, Jon sings “I wish I were in Dixieland, hooray, hooray”, and he was, only to find himself without anything but a shower cap on. He is arrested and he wished he was back home, and he was, in his bed. Later, Esmeralda’s boss told her she did a good job on the wish Garfield wanted, so right before Garfield is going to drop a 1956 [[Studebaker]] on Rootie, nothing happens, making Rootie chase him. These two episodes were called A Garfield [[Fairy Tale]].

* [http://www.proudparenting.com/ Proud Parenting]

===PeriodicalsA Large Bully Cat===

'''A Large Bully Cat''' is shown on several episodes of Garfield and Friends. This cat is often with a female cat that Garfield falls in love with, and the cat often beats Garfield up. Some examples are Bonzo from Beach Blanket Bonzo and Brick from The Idol of Id and The Perils of Penelope.

* [http://www.advocate.com/ Advocate Magazine]

* [http://www.whitecranejournal.com/ White Crane Magazine] (gay wisdom & culture)

* [http://www.gay.com/index.html Gay news, shopping, topics, local]

* [http://365gay.com/ Gay news]

* [http://www.unita.it/index.asp?sezione_cod=LIBE Unità] (in Italian)

* [http://www.scotsgay.co.uk/ ScotsGay Magazine] From Scotland

{{Garfield}}

==References==

{{wikiquote}}

* Christopher Bagley and Pierre Tremblay, (1998), "On the Prevalence of Homosexuality and Bisexuality, in a Random Community Survey of 750 Men Aged 18 to 27", ''Journal of Homosexuality'', Volume 36, Number 2, pages 1-18.

* Lester G. Brown, ''Two Spirit People'', 1997, Harrington Park Press, ISBN 1-56023-089-4

* Kenneth J. Dover, ''Greek Homosexuality'', 1979, Gerald Duckworth &amp; Co. Ltd., London, ISBN 0674362616 (o.p. hardcover), ISBN 0674362705 (pbk.).

* Bret Hinsch, ''Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China'', The University of California Press, 1990, ISBN 0-520-06720-7.

* Norman Roth. ''The care and feeding of gazelles - Medieval Arabic and Hebrew love poetry.'' IN: Lazar & Lacy. ''Poetics of Love in the Middle Ages''. George Mason University Press, 1989.

* Arno Schmitt & Jehoeda Sofer (eds). ''Sexuality and Eroticism Among Males in Moslem Societies''. Haworth Press, 1992.

* Alfred C. Kinsey, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', 1948, ISBN 0721654452 (o.p.), ISBN 0253334128 (reprint).

* Alfred C. Kinsey, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', 1953, ISBN 0721654509 (o.p.), ISBN 0671786156 (o.p. pbk.), ISBN 025333411X (reprint).

* LeVay, S., Science, 1991, 253, 1034?1037.

* Rocke, Michael, (1996), ''Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and male Culture in Renaissance Florence'', ISBN 0-91-512292-5

* Ruggiero, Guido, (1985), ''The Boundaries of Eros'', ISBN 0-91-505696-5

* Smith, T.W. (1991). Adult sexual behavior in 1989: Number of partners, frequency of intercourse and risk of AIDS. ''Family Planning Perspectives'' 23(3), 102-107.

*Bullough et. al. (eds.) (1996). Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0815312873.

*Foucault, Michel (1990). ''The History of Sexuality'' vol. 1: ''An Introduction'', p.43. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garfield}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]

[[Category:LGBTComics characters]]

[[Category:SociologyAnimated characters]]

[[Category:GenderGarfield characters]]

[[Category:Lists of fictional characters by work]]

[[ar:&#1605;&#1579;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;]]

[[bg:&#1061;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1089;&#1077;&#1082;&#1089;&#1091;&#1072;&#1083;&#1085;&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;]]

[[de:Homosexualität]]

[[es:Homosexualidad]]

[[eo:Samseksemo]]

[[fr:Homosexualité]]

[[he:&#1492;&#1493;&#1502;&#1493;&#1505;&#1511;&#1505;&#1493;&#1488;&#1500;&#1497;&#1493;&#1514;]]

[[ja:&#21516;&#24615;&#24859;]]

[[nl:Homoseksualiteit]]

[[no:Homofili]]

[[pl:Homoseksualizm]]

[[pt:Homossexualidade]]

[[ro:Homosexualitate]]

[[sv:Homosexualitet]]

[[zh:&#21516;&#24615;&#25088;]]