Pablo Picasso and Andrés Bonifacio: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Military Person

{{redirect|Picasso}}

|name=Andrés Bonifacio

|lived=[[November 30]] [[1863]] – [[May 10]], [[1897]]

{{Infobox Artist

|placeofbirth=[[Tondo]], [[Manila]]

| bgcolour = #EEDD82

|placeofdeath=[[Maragondon, Cavite|Maragondon]], [[Cavite]]

| name = Pablo Picasso

|image=[[Image:Gat_Andres_Bonifacio.jpg|200px]]

| image = Autoportrait_à_la_palette.jpg

|caption=A photo engraving of Andrés Bonifacio

| imagesize = 250px

|nickname=

| caption = ''Autoportrait à la palette'' (Self-Portrait with a Palette), oil on canvas, Autumn [[1906]].

|allegiance= [[Katipunan]]

| birthname = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso

|serviceyears=

| birthdate = [[October 25]], [[1881]]

|rank= Revolution leader

| ___location = [[Málaga]], [[Spain]]

|commands=

| deathdate = [[April 8]], [[1973]]

|unit=

| deathplace = [[Mougins]], [[France]]

|battles= [[Philippine Revolution]]

| nationality = [[Spain|Spanish]]

|awards=

| field = [[Painting]], [[Drawing]], [[Sculpture]], [[Printmaking]]

|laterwork=

| training = Universaty of Art, 1935- Hose Perez(teacher)

| movement = [[Cubism]]

| famous works = ''[[Les Demoiselles d'Avignon]]'' (1907)<br>''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]'' (1937)<br>

| patrons =

| awards =

}}

'''Pablo Ruiz Picasso''' ([[October 25]], [[1881]] – [[April 8]], [[1973]]) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[painter]] and [[Sculpture|sculptor]]. His full name is '''Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso'''. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century [[art]], he is best known as the co-founder, along with [[Georges Braque]], of [[cubism]].

{{about|the person Andrés Bonifacio|other uses|Bonifacio (disambiguation)}}

==Biography==

'''Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro''' ([[November 30]], [[1863]] &ndash; [[May 10]], [[1897]]) was one of the chief leaders of the [[Philippine Revolution|revolution]] of the [[Philippines]] against [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colonial rule]]. The 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]] was the first revolution in Asia against [[Europe]]an [[colonialism|colonial rule]].

[[Image:Autoportrait_mal_coiffe.jpg|thumb|left|150px|An 1896 self-portrait.]]

'''Pablo Picasso''' was born in [[Málaga]], [[Spain]], the first child of [[José Ruiz y Blasco]] and [[María Picasso y López]]. He was christened with the names Pablo, Diego, José, Francisco de Paula, Juan Nepomuceno, Maria de los Remedios, and Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad.<ref>{{cite book | last = O'Brian | first = Patrick | authorlink = Patrick O'Brian | title = Picasso: A Biography | publisher = W. W. Norton | date = 1994 | ___location = New York | pages = 14 | id = ISBN 0-393-31107-4}}</ref>

==Early life==

Picasso's father was Jose Ruíz, a painter whose specialty was the naturalistic depiction of birds and who for most of his life was also a [[professor]] of art at the School of Crafts and a [[curator]] of a local museum. The young Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age; according to his mother, his first word was "piz," a shortening of ''lapiz'', the Spanish word for [[pencil]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Hughes | first = Robert | title = Anatomy of a Minotaur | pages =

| publisher = Time Magazine | date = [[1971-11-01]] | url = http://www.google.com.html | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> It was from his father that Picasso had his first formal academic art training, such as figure drawing and painting in oil. Although Picasso attended carpenter schools throughout his childhood, often those where his father taught, he never finished his college-level course of study at the Academy of Arts (''Academia de San Fernando'') in [[Madrid]], leaving after less than a year.

He was born to a Tagalog father and a Spanish [[mestiza]] mother, Catalina de Castro of [[Zambales]]<ref>http://www.visitzambales.com/newlayout/index.php?action=people&part=intfacts</ref>, in [[Tondo]], Manila. His father was a ''cabeza de barangay'' (a leading [[barangay]] official). He was orphaned at a young age. According to popular anecdote, he peddled canes and fans to support his family.

===Personal life===

[[Image:Stein by picasso.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Picasso's friend [[Gertrude Stein]], who had more than 80 sittings for this 1906 portrait.]]

After studying art in Madrid, he made his first trip to Paris in 1900, the art capital of Europe. In Paris, he lived with [[Max Jacob]] (journalist and poet), who helped him learn French. Max slept at night and Picasso slept during the day as he worked at night. They were times of severe poverty, cold and desperation. Much of his work had to be burned to keep the small room warm. In 1901, with his friend Soler, he founded the magazine ''Arte Joven'' in Madrid. The first edition was entirely illustrated by him. From that day, he started to simply sign his work ''Picasso'', while before he signed ''Pablo Ruiz y Picasso''.

In the early years of the twentieth century, Picasso, still a struggling youth, divided his time between [[Barcelona]] and [[Paris]], where in 1904, he began a long term relationship with Fernande Olivier. It is she who appears in many of the Rose period paintings. After acquiring fame and some fortune, Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, whom Picasso called Eva. Picasso included declarations of his love for Eva in many Cubist works.

Later, he worked as a clerk in a British firm in Manila. He married twice - his first wife was a woman named Monica, who died of leprosy. He read books about the French Revolution, ''[[Les Miserables]]'', and the novels of local reformist and future national hero [[Jose Rizal]], among others.

In [[Paris]], Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the [[Montmartre]] and [[Montparnasse]] quarters, including [[André Breton]], [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], and writer [[Gertrude Stein]]. He maintained a number of mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner. Picasso was married twice and had four children by three women.

According to historians, Bonifacio - though projected by detractors as being unlettered - was in fact very literate because a British firm would not have hired him as a clerk if he was not. He was also highly intellectual to be keeping serious novels and political books, many were not even written in his native tongue. He also authored countless articles and poems in the course of organizing the revolution.

In 1918 Picasso married [[Olga Khokhlova]], a ballerina with [[Sergei Diaghilev]]'s troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, ''Parade'', in Rome. Khokhlova introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant on the life of the rich in 1920s Paris. The two had a son, Paulo, who would grow up to be a dissolute motorcycle racer and chauffeur to his father.

He was a [[Freemason]]. He also joined Rizal's ''[[La Liga Filipina]]'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] "The Philippine League"), a society that called for reforms in Spanish rule. However, the ''Liga'' was disbanded shortly after Rizal was arrested and deported to the town of [[Dapitan]] in [[Mindanao]] a day after the group's only meeting.

Khokhlova's insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso's [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] tendencies and the two lived in a state of constant conflict. In 1927 Picasso met 17 year old [[Marie-Thérèse Walter]] and began a secret affair with her. Picasso's marriage to Khokhlova soon ended in separation rather than divorce, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce, and Picasso did not want Khokhlova to have half his wealth. The two remained legally married until Khokhlova's death in 1955.

==The Katipunan==

Picasso carried on a long-standing affair with Walter and fathered a daughter, Maia, with her. Marie-Thérèse lived in the vain hope that Picasso would one day marry her, and hung herself four years after Picasso's death.

The ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' (Tagalog Republic), with him as President and the members of the ''Katipunan'' high council as his cabinet. "Tagalog", in this sense, was a term used to refer to the Philippines as a whole, not [[Tagalog people|the ethnic group]].

On the night of [[July 7]], [[1892]] (the eve of Rizal's arrest, in fact), Bonifacio founded the [[Katipunan]], a revolutionary secret society which would later spark the [[Philippine Revolution]] of [[1896]] against Spanish rule. In this period, he met his second wife, [[Gregoria de Jesus]], who became a rebel leader in her own right. His right-hand man was [[Emilio Jacinto]]. Within the society, Bonifacio's codename or ''nom de guerre'' was ''Maypagasa'' (There is hope).

The photographer and painter [[Dora Maar]] was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who documented the painting of [[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]].

With the establishment of the Katipunan, Andrés Bonifacio became popularly known as the ''Father of the Revolution'' and eventually held the title of ''Supremo''.

[[Image:PicassoandFriends.jpg|thumb|left|225px|From left to right, [[Manuel Ortiz de Zárate]], [[Henri-Pierre Roché]] (in uniform), [[Marie Vassilieff]], [[Max Jacob]] and Pablo Picasso (1915).]]

He wrote the patriotic poem, ''Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa'' (loosely, Love for the Motherland), which saw print in the first and only issue of the ''Katipunan'' periodical, ''Kalayaan'' (Freedom), edited by Jacinto. Allegedly, he also made the first translation of Jose Rizal's final poem, ''[[Mi Ultimo Adios]]'' (My Last Farewell) into [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].

After the [[liberation of Paris]] in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, [[Françoise Gilot]]. The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude and [[Paloma Picasso|Paloma]]. Unique among Picasso's women, Gilot left Picasso in 1953, allegedly because of abusive treatment and infidelities. This came as a severe blow to Picasso.

Just before the Revolution broke out, he formed a revolutionary government called "Republika ng mga Katagalugan" with himself as the president.

He went through a difficult period after Gilot's departure, coming to terms with his advancing age and his perception that, now in his 70s, he was no longer attractive, but rather grotesque to young women. A number of ink drawings from this period explore this theme of the hideous old dwarf as buffoonish counterpoint to the beautiful young girl, including several from a six-week affair with [[Geneviève Laporte]], who in June 2005 auctioned off the drawings Picasso made of her.

==Downfall==

[[Image:RobertDoisneau.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Robert Doisneau]] portrait of Picasso.]]

[[Image:Picassos.jpg|left|thumb|Picasso]]

Picasso was not long in finding another lover, Jacqueline Roque. Roque worked at the Madoura Pottery, where Picasso made and painted ceramics. The two remained together for the rest of Picasso's life, marrying in 1961. Their marriage was also the means of one last act of revenge against Gilot. Gilot had been seeking a legal means to legitimize her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma. With Picasso's encouragement, she had arranged to divorce her then husband, Luc Simon, and marry Picasso to secure her children's rights. Picasso then secretly married Roque after Gilot had filed for divorce in order to exact his revenge for her leaving him.

While Bonifacio's personal campaigns were less than successful, the revolutionaries in Cavite had greater success, led by officers coming from the upper classes, including the celebrated [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]. Thus, they sent out a manifesto calling for a revolutionary government of their own, disregarding Bonifacio's leadership.

Picasso had constructed a huge [[gothic]] structure and could afford large villas in the south of France, at Notre-dame-de-vie on the outskirts of Mougins, in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]. Although he was a celebrity, there was often as much interest in his personal life as his art.

A council comprising of Bonifacio's men and the ''[[Magdalo]]'' and the ''Magdiwang'', two locally-based rival Katipunan factions, held a convention in Tejeros, Cavite to establish a unified front and settle the issue of leadership of the revolutionary movement. The Magdalo faction was led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, cousin to Emilio Aguinaldo. In the elections, the Cavitenos voted their own Emilio Aguinaldo President. Bonifacio, due to the lack of a power base in the province, was voted Director of the Interior.

In addition to his manifold artistic accomplishments, Picasso had a film career, including a cameo appearance in [[Jean Cocteau]]'s ''Testament of Orpheus''. Picasso always played himself in his film appearances.

In 1955 he helped make the film ''Le Mystère Picasso'' ''(The Mystery of Picasso)'' directed by [[Henri-Georges Clouzot]].

However, a member of the ''Magdalo'' faction, Daniel Tirona, questioned Bonifacio's qualifications for high office, declaring him uneducated and unfit for the position. Bonifacio was slighted, all the more so since he had previously asked that the results of the election be respected by all. Invoking his authority as ''Supremo'', he threatened those in attendance with a pistol and declared the results of the Tejeros Convention as null and void and left in a rage. Later, he wrote to Jacinto about his misgivings about the whole matter, as he suspected Tirona of spreading black propaganda against him and fixing the ballots (as some other leaders also suspected).

Pablo Picasso died on [[April 8]], [[1973]] in [[Mougins]], [[France]], while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. His [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_words final words] were "Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can't drink any more." He was interred at Castle Vauvenargues' park, in [[Vauvenargues]], [[Bouches-du-Rhône]]. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral.

It is believed the Supremo from this point headed towards Batangas to lead another Katipunan faction where he would establish his own government. Word of this got back to the Magdalo group. In fear of a separate rival government along with an ongoing revolution, Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Bonifacio and his brothers. The Magdalo soldiers caught up with Bonifacio in the town of Indang. They surrounded the house and asked Bonifacio and his men to disarm and come out peacefully. Bonifacio refuted and stated that bullets would settle this matter. The stand off lasted through the night.

At dawn, the soldiers closed in and opened fire. Bonifacio ordered his men not to shoot. His men yelled, "Brothers, don't shoot! Tell us what you want?" The soldiers made their way in. [[Procopio Bonifacio]] was tied up and beaten with a revolver. [[Ciriaco Bonifacio]] was held down by two soldiers and shot to death. Bonifacio was stabbed and beaten with a rifle butt. [[Gregoria de Jesus]](wife of Andres Bonifacio) recounted that after the capture of the Supremo, the leading officer approached her, asking where they had stashed the Treasury money.

===Pacifism===

Picasso remained neutral during [[World War I]], the [[Spanish Civil War]] and [[World War II]], refusing to fight for any side or country. Picasso never commented on this but encouraged the idea that it was because he was a [[pacifism|pacifist]]. Some of his contemporaries (including Braque) felt that this neutrality had more to do with cowardice than principle.

As a Spanish citizen living in [[France]], Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either world war. In the [[Spanish Civil War]], service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] and the [[Fascism|Fascists]] through his art he did not take up arms against them.

[[Image:PicassoGuernica.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Picasso's [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']] was painted as a representation of [[bombing of Guernica]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]].]]

He also remained aloof from the [[Catalonia|Catalan]] independence movement during his youth despite expressing general support and being friendly with activists within it. No political movement seemed to compel his support to any great degree, though he did become a member of the [[Communist Party]].

The brothers were taken to Naic and tried in a kangaroo court headed by General [[Mariano Noriel]]. Both were charged with treason and sedition, punishment was death by firing squad. In Emilio Aguinaldo's biography, Aguinaldo claims he superseded this judgment and ordered the Supremo to be exiled and banished to Mt. Nagpatong. Major [[Lazaro Makapagal]], along with four soldiers, was given orders to lead the Bonifacio brothers to Mt. Nagpatong. Makapagal was also given a sealed envelope with strict orders not to open it until they reached the mountains. On [[May 10]], [[1897]], at Mt. Nagpatong, Major [[Lazaro Makapagal]] opened the letter, faced the Supremo and his brother, and read its contents aloud. Andres and Procopio were to be executed by firing squad or he himself would be shot. It was signed by General [[Mariano Noriel]]. Makapagal turned his back and his soldiers opened fire on the Bonifacio brothers. The Supremo was only 34 years old. Fearing their gunfire being heard by Spanish forces, they quickly dug a shallow grave and covered the two bodies with twigs and branches. Co-patriots of the Revolution regarded this an ugly blot laid at Aguinaldo's door, though Aguinaldo originally wanted them banished instead.

During the Second World War, Picasso remained in Paris when the Germans occupied the city. The Nazis hated his style of painting, so he was not able to show his works during this time. Retreating to his [[studio]], he continued to paint all the while. Although the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless, using bronze smuggled to him by the French resistance.

In 1918, an expedition lead by one of the former soldiers found the grave of Andres Bonifacio. His remains were exhumed and placed in a urn at the Legislative Building (today National Museum) in Manila. In 1945, near the end of WWII during the [[Battle of Manila]], the building was completely destroyed. The Supremo's remains are lost forever.

Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the [[Germany|German]] [[bombing of Guernica]], [[Spain]] — [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']]. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war.

==Controversy==

After the Second World War, Picasso rejoined the [[French Communist Party]], and even attended an international peace conference in [[Poland]]. But party criticism of a portrait of [[Stalin]] as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso's interest in Communist politics, though he remained a loyal member of the Communist Party until his death. His beliefs tended towards [[anarcho-communism]].

Some historians, like [[Renato Constantino]], see him as a champion of the masses who was slighted by ambitious members of the upper class. Others like [[Gregorio Zaide]], favor Aguinaldo and company over him. [[Glenn May]] goes as far as saying that his role as a national hero was largely invented. Also, there is debate whether he should be considered the first Philippine President instead of Aguinaldo and the national hero instead of Rizal until now.

Some analytical historians, claim that what happened at Tejeros, Cavite was actually a coup de etat to wrest power from Bonifacio by the bourgeois or upper class represented by Aguinaldo. (Aguinaldo and members of his class enjoyed more privilege status even before the revolution. They would not allow a victorious president Bonifacio ordering land and wealth distribution as his first decree.) Hence, the Tejeros Convention was a farce intended to lure Bonifacio to the Caviteño territory. The presidential election wasn't a national election at all. Participated only by mostly Caviteños. The other revolting provinces such as Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and others, were not participants. Bonifacio, who was too fueled with idealism, was too naive to understand maneuvering politicians. Bonifacio was not allowed to get out of Cavite. He was tried then executed promptly for treason. Many now asks: Had Bonifacio able to slip to Manila could he have declared that the Aguinaldo was the one who betrayed the revolution?

== Picasso's work ==

Picasso's work is often categorized into "periods". While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the [[Picasso's Blue Period|Blue Period]] (1901–1904), the [[Picasso's Rose Period|Rose Period]] (1905–1907), the [[Picasso's African Period|African-influenced Period]] (1908–1909), [[Analytic Cubism]] (1909–1912), and [[Synthetic Cubism]] (1912–1919).

==Today==

In 1939-40 the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York, under its director [[Alfred Barr]], a Picasso enthusiast, held a major and highly successful retrospective of his principal works up until that time. This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars.<small><ref>The MoMA retrospective of 1939-40 - see Michael FitzGerald, ''Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995. (pp.243-62)</ref></small>

[[Image:Bonifacio_Monument.JPG|left|thumb|100px|Bonifacio Monument in [[Caloocan City]], sculpted by [[Guillermo Tolentino]]]]

[[Image:Php_bill_10_front.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Andrés Bonifacio (right) on the 10-peso bill]]

Bonifacio's birthday on [[November 30]] is celebrated as '''Bonifacio Day''' (Filipino: ''Araw ni Bonifacio'') and is a public holiday in the Philippines.

There are many monuments to Bonifacio across the nation, with the most famous being two sculptures, one by [[Napoleon Abueva]] and the other by [[Guillermo Tolentino]], both [[National Artist of the Philippines|National Artists]].

===Before 1901===

Picasso's training under his father began before 1890. His progress can be traced in the collection of early works now held by the [[Museu Picasso]] in [[Barcelona]], which provides one of the most comprehensive records extant of any major artist's beginnings.<ref>Cirlot,1972, p.6</ref> During 1893 the juvenile quality of his earliest work falls away; by 1894 his career as a painter can be said to have begun.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p. 14</ref> The academic realism apparent in the works of the mid-1890s is well displayed in ''The First Communion'' (1896), a large composition that depicts his sister, Lola. In the same year, at the age of 14, he painted ''Portrait of Aunt Pepa'', a vigorous and dramatic portrait that Juan-Eduardo Cirlot has called "without a doubt one of the greatest in the whole history of Spanish painting."<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p.37</ref>

In current [[Philippine peso|Philippine currency]], he is depicted in the 10-peso bill (currently out of production) and 10-peso coin, along with fellow patriot [[Apolinario Mabini]].

In 1897 his realism became tinged with [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolist]] influence, in a series of landscape paintings rendered in non naturalistic violet and green tones. What some call his Modernist period (1899-1900) followed. His exposure to the work of [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti|Rossetti]], [[Théophile Steinlen|Steinlen]], [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] and [[Edvard Munch]], combined with his admiration for favorite old masters such as [[El Greco]], led Picasso to a personal version of modernism in his works of this period.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p. 87-108.</ref>

===BlueIn Period=film==

Bonifacio was portrayed by Julio Diaz in ''Bayani'' (Hero), a feature film loosely based on his life directed by experimental ''auteur'' Raymond Red, and an educational television series also named ''Bayani''.

{{details|Picasso's Blue Period}}

Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. This period's starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p.127.</ref> In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter—[[prostitute]]s and [[beggar]]s are frequent subjects—Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting ''[[La Vie]]'', painted in 1903 and now in the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]].<ref>Wattenmaker and Distel, 1993, p. 304</ref>

In ''[[José Rizal (film)|Jose Rizal]]'', a film about the national hero, he was portrayed by [[Gardo Verzosa]].

The same mood pervades the well-known etching ''[[The Frugal Repast]]'' (1904), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table. Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso's works of this period, also represented in ''The Blindman's Meal'' (1903, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]) and in the portrait of ''Celestina'' (1903). Other frequent subjects are [[artists]], [[acrobat]]s and [[harlequin]]s. The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.

===Rose Period=References ==

*{{cite book | author=Zaide, Gregorio F. | title=Philippine History and Government|publisher=National Bookstore Printing Press |year=[[1984]]}}

{{details|Picasso's Rose Period}}

* Ocampo, Ambeth. Bones of Contention: The Bonifacio Lectures

The Rose Period (1905–1907) is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colors, and again featuring many harlequins. Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a model for sculptors and artists, in Paris in 1904, and many of these paintings are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.

* Agoncillo, Teodoro. The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan

* Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: a Past Revisited

<div class="references-small">

<references/>

</div>

== Further reading ==

===African-influenced Period===

*{{cite journal

{{details|Picasso's African Period}}

| first =Isagani A.

Picasso's African-influenced Period (1907–1909) begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, ''[[Les Demoiselles d'Avignon]]'', which were inspired by African artifacts. Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.

| last =Cruz

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year =2005

| month =November 27

| title =The Tragedy Of Andres Bonifacio

| journal =Philippine Daily Inquirer

| volume =

| issue =

| pages =14

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html

}}

*{{cite book

| last =Clair

| first =Francis St.

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year =1902

| title =[http://books.google.com/books?vid=LCCN03016030&id=hNFEgCAB9rAC&dq=%22Andr%C3%A9s+Bonifacio%22+%22Katipunan%22 The Katipunan: Or, The Rise and Fall of the Filipino Commune]

| publisher =Francis St. Clair

| ___location =

| id =

}}Full book on Google

*{{cite journal

| first =Manuel L.

| last = Quezon III

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year = 2005

| month =November 21

| title =The Supremo Lives

| journal =Philippine Daily Inquirer

| volume =

| issue =

| pages =

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid2

}}

*{{cite journal

| first =Roberto

| last =Lazaro

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year =2005

| month =November 29

| title =Thinking Aloud Dead Ends Need Not Be Dead

| journal =Manila Times

| volume =

| issue =

| pages =

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid3

}}

*{{cite journal

| first =Marlon

| last =Ramos

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year = 2004

| month =December 9

| title =Bonifacio: The Neglected Hero

| journal =Philippine Daily Inquirer

| volume =

| issue =

| pages =

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid4

}}

*{{cite journal

| first =Ambeth R.

| last =Ocampo

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| year =2004

| month =December 1

| title =Where Are the Bones of Bonifacio?

| journal =Philippine Daily Inquirer

===Analytic Cubism===

{{details|Analytic Cubism}}

Analytic Cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with [[Braque]] using monochrome brownish colours. Both artists took apart objects and "analyzed" them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time are very similar to each other.

| volume =

===Synthetic Cubism===

| issue =

{{details|Synthetic cubism}}

| pages =

Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919) is a further development of Cubism in which cut paper fragments—often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—are pasted into compositions, marking the first use of [[collage]] in fine art.

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid5

===Classicism and Surrealism===

}}

In the period following the upheaval of [[World War I]] Picasso produced work in a [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] style. This "return to order" is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s, including [[Derain]], [[Giorgio de Chirico]], and the artists of the [[New Objectivity]] movement. Picasso's paintings and drawings from this period frequently recall the work of [[Ingres]].

*{{cite journal

| first =Fr. Bel R.

During the 1930s, the [[minotaur]] replaced the harlequin as a motif which he used often in his work. His use of the minotaur came partly from his contact with the [[surrealism|surrealists]], who often used it as their symbol, and appears in Picasso's ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]''.

| last =San Luis

| authorlink =

Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the [[Germany|German]] [[bombing of Guernica]], [[Spain]] — [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']]. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. ''Guernica'' hung in New York's [[Museum of Modern Art]] for many years. In 1981 ''Guernica'' was returned to Spain and exhibited at the [[Casón del Buen Retiro]]. In 1992 the painting hung in Madrid's [[Reina Sofía Museum]] when it opened.

| coauthors =

| year =2004

===Later works===

| month =November 29

[[Image:PabloPicasso Meninas.jpg|thumb|left|225px|''Las Meninas'' (1957) based on the ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Velazquez]].]]

| title =Bonifacio & our changing notion of 'hero'

Picasso was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the [[3rd Sculpture International]] held at the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] in the summer of [[1949]].

| journal =Opinion & Editorial Manila Bulletin

In the 1950s Picasso's style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He made a series of works based on [[Diego Velázquez|Velazquez]]'s painting of [[Las Meninas]]. He also based paintings on works of art by [[Goya]], [[Poussin]], [[Édouard Manet|Manet]], [[Courbet]] and [[Delacroix]].

| volume =

| issue =

[[Image:2004-09-07 1800x2400 chicago picasso.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Picasso sculpture in [[Chicago]].]]

| pages =

| id =

He was commissioned to make a [[maquette]] for a huge 50 foot high [[public art|public sculpture]] to be built in [[Chicago]], known usually as the ''[[Chicago Picasso]]''. He approached the project with a great deal of enthusiasm, designing a sculpture which was ambiguous and somewhat controversial. What the figure represents is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city.

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid6

}}

Picasso's final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. One long time admirer, Douglas Cooper, called them "the incoherent scribblings of a frenetic old man". Only later, after Picasso's death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered [[neo-expressionism]] and was, as so often before, ahead of his time.

*{{cite journal

| first =

==Legacy==

| last =

[[Image:BoyWithAPipe.JPG|thumb|left|200px|''[[Garçon à la pipe]]'', which sold for [[US$]]104 million in 2004 &mdash; a record price at the time.]]

| authorlink =

At the time of his death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he didn't need to sell. In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, such as [[Henri Matisse]], with whom he had exchanged works. Since Picasso left no will, his death duties (estate tax) to the French state were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the [[Musée Picasso]] in Paris. In 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace, Málaga, Spain, the [[Museo Picasso Málaga]].

| coauthors =

| year =2004

The [[Museu Picasso]] in [[Barcelona]] features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, including many rarely seen works which reveal Picasso's firm grounding in classical techniques. The museum also holds many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father's tutelage, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days who, for many years, was Picasso's personal secretary.

| month =November

| title =Cavite to Unviel Bonifacio Mural Inquirer

In the aftermath of Picasso's death, at the suggestion of [[Dustin Hoffman]], [[Paul McCartney]] wrote a song entitled "Picasso's Last Words (Drink To Me)" in tribute to him which was released on his album [[Band on the Run]] later that year.

| journal =Philippine Daily

| volume =

The film ''[[Surviving Picasso]]'' was made about Picasso in 1996, as seen through the eyes of [[Françoise Gilot]]. [[Anthony Hopkins]] played Picasso in the movie.

| issue =

| pages =

Some paintings by Picasso rank among the [[list of most expensive paintings|most expensive paintings in the world]].

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid7

* "[[Nude on a black armchair|Nude on a Black Armchair]]" - sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $45.1 million in 1999 to [[Les Wexner]], who then donated it to the [[Wexner Center for the Arts]].

}}

* ''[[Les Noces de Pierrette]]'' - sold for more than [[United States dollar|USD]] $51 million in 1999.

*{{cite journal

* ''[[Garçon à la pipe]]''- sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $104 million at [[Sotheby's]] on [[May 4]], [[2004]], establishing a new price record.

| first =Ellalyn B.

* ''[[Dora Maar au Chat]]'' - sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $95.2 million at Sotheby's on [[May 3]], [[2006]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/12627809/|title=Picasso portrait sells for $95.2 million|accessdate=May 4|accessyear=2006}}</ref>

| last =De Vera

| authorlink =

==Awards==

| coauthors =

*[[International Lenin Peace Prize]] (1962)

| year =2004

| month =November 27

==Anecdotes and trivia==

| title =Andres Bonifacio: The Katipunan Supremo

A man once criticized Picasso for creating unrealistic art. Picasso asked him: "Can you show me some realistic art?" The man showed him a photograph of his wife. Picasso observed: "So your wife is two inches tall, two-dimensional, with no arms and no legs, and no color but only shades of gray?"<ref>[http://www.freakingnews.com/FN-Celebrates-Picasso-s-Birthday_Photoshop_Pictures__1187.asp]</ref>

| journal =Manila Bulletin

| volume =

The [[Guinness World Records]] names Picasso as the most prolific painter ever.

| issue =

| pages =

Picasso suffered from [[dyslexia]].<ref>[http://www.dyslexiaonline.com/famous/famous.htm]</ref>

| id =

| url =http://bailey83221.livejournal.com/84994.html#cutid8

Picasso was also featured on an episode of [[Monty Python's Flying Circus]].

}}

==Children==

* Paulo ([[February 4]], [[1921]] - [[June 5]], [[1975]]) - with [[Olga Khokhlova]]

* Maya ([[September 5]], [[1935]] - ) - with [[Marie-Thérèse Walter]]

* Claude ([[May 15]],[[1947]]) - with [[Françoise Gilot]]

* [[Paloma Picasso|Paloma]] ([[April 19]],[[1949]] - ) - with [[Françoise Gilot]]

==Lists of works==

[[Image:L'Accordéoniste.jpg|thumb|right|175px|''L'Accordéoniste'', a 1911 cubist painting by Picasso]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1889-1900]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1901-1910]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1911-1920]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1921-1930]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1931-1940]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1941-1950]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1951-1960]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1961-1970]]

*[[List of Picasso artworks 1971-1973]]

==References==

===Notes===

{{Reflist}}

===Sources===

*[[Museum of Modern Art|The Museum of Modern Art]]. ''Pablo Picasso, a retrospective''. Ed. William Rubin, chronology by Jane Fluegel. [[New York]]. 1980. ISBN 0-87070-519-9

*Cirlot, Juan-Eduardo (1972). ''Picasso: birth of a genius''. New York and Washington: Praeger.

*Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer (1990). ''On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930''. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X

*Fitzgerald, Michael C. ''Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.

*[[Eugenio Fernández Granell]], [http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/7573154&referer=brief_results ''Picasso's Guernica : the end of a Spanish era''] (Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI Research Press, 1981) ISBN 0835712060 9780835712064 9780835712064 0835712060

*Ledor, Kobi, MD. "[http://ledorfineart.com/forum.html A Guide to Collecting Picasso's Prints]"

*Mallen Enrique (2003). The Visual Grammar of Pablo Picasso. Berkeley Insights in Linguistics & Semiotics Series. Berlin: Peter Lang.

*Mallen, Enrique (2005). La Sintaxis de la Carne: Pablo Picasso y Marie-Thérèse Walter. Santiago de Chile: Red Internacional del Libro.

*Picasso, Olivier Widmaier. (2004). ''Picasso: The Real Family Story''. Prestel Publ. ISBN 3-7913-3149-3

*Rubin, William, ed. (1980) ''Pablo Picasso, a retrospective''. Chronology by Jane Fluegel. Museum of Modern Art|The Museum of Modern Art. New York. ISBN 0-87070-519-9

*Wattenmaker, Richard J.; Distel, Anne, et al. (1993). ''Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40963-7

*Nill, Raymond M. "A Visual Guide to Pablo Picasso's Works". New York: B&H Publishers, 1987.

== See also ==

*[[List of most expensive paintings]]

*[[Picasso museums]]

== External links ==

{{wikiquote}}

{{Commons|Pablo Picasso}}

* [http://www.caiozip.com/picassoing.htm ''Picasso''-The painter who transforms a yellow spot into the sun]

* [http://www.picasso.fr/anglais/ Official website]

* [http://samizdateditions.com/issue7/picasso1.html Poems by Picasso in English translation] from [[Samizdat (poetry magazine)]]

*[http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BKW000000005&page=1&epage=3 The Courtmartial of Andres Bonifacio] Historical court documents and testimonies in the trial and execution of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio processed by [http://www.filipiniana.net Filipiniana.net]

=== Museums ===

*[http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BKW000000004&page=1&epage=1 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog] Summary and full text of an article written by Andres Bonifacio in the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan posted in [http://www.filipiniana.net Filipiniana.net]

* [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pica/hd_pica.htm Pablo Picasso at the Metropolitan Museum of Arts, New York]

*[http://www.bibingka.com/phg/books/bonifacio.htm Book Review Inventing a Hero by Glenn May]

* [http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?objectId=22&lang=en Museum Berggruen (Berlin, Germany)]

*[http://bonifaciopapers.blogspot.com A site on the ''Supremo'' and the Katipunan]

* [http://www.museopicassomalaga.org/ Museo Picasso Málaga (Málaga, Spain)]

* [http://www.museupicasso.bcn.es/ Museu Picasso (Barcelona, Spain)]

* [http://www.musee-picasso.fr/ Musée National Picasso (Paris, France)]

* [http://www.antibes-juanlespins.com/fr/culture/musees/picasso/ Musée Picasso (Antibes, France)]

* [http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_126.html Guggenheim Museum Biography]

* [http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/psearch?Request=A&Person=24750 National Gallery of Art] list of paintings

* [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A4609 Pablo Picasso at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)]

=== Online galleries ===

* [http://picasso.tamu.edu/ On-Line Picasso Project]: Comprehensive summary of his life and his work.

* [http://www.privateartcollection.net/pac/display/artist.do?lang=en_EN&artistao=all&artistid=A00000LQ Pablo Picasso's paintings in the Private Art Collection]

=== Essays ===

* [http://www.aestheticrealism.org/News-ck.htm ''Power and Tenderness in Men and in Picasso's 'Minotauromachy' '' by Chaim Koppelman]

* [http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/picasso.htm Federal Bureau of Investigation files]: Summary of FBI investigation of Picasso

{{Picasso works}}

{{Persondata

|NAME=Picasso, Pablo

|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Pablo Ruiz y Picasso

|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Spain|Spanish]] [[painter]] and [[Sculpture|sculptor]]

|DATE OF BIRTH=[[October 25]], [[1881]]

|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Málaga]], [[Spain]]

|DATE OF DEATH=[[April 8]], [[1973]]

|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Mougins]], [[France]]

}}

{{Philippine Revolution}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Picasso, Pablo}}

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