Pachypodium and Lamb of God (band): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->

| Name = [[Image:Lamb of God Logo.png|Lamb of God|100px]]‎

| Img =

| Img_capt =

| Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels -->

| Landscape =

| Background = group_or_band

| Alias = [[Burn the Priest]]

| Origin = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]]

| Genre = [[Groove metal]]<ref name="Encyclopaedia Metallum">{{cite web | url = http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=59 | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | title = Encyclopaedia Metallum entry | publisher = Metal-Archives.com | date = }}</ref><ref name="Rockdetector">{{cite web | url = http://www.rockdetector.com/artist,5087.sm | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | title = Rockdetector entry | publisher = Rockdetector.com | date = }}</ref><br>[[Metalcore]]<ref name="Encyclopaedia Metallum"/><ref name="Rockdetector"/><ref name="MP3.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.mp3.com/albums/20120072/summary.html | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | author = James Christopher Monger | title = All Music Guide "Sacrament" review | publisher = All Music Guide | date = }}</ref><br>[[Thrash metal]]<ref>[http://www.lambofgod.tv/ Offical site news updates]</ref>

| Years_active = 1990-present

| Label = [[Epic Records]]

| Associated_acts =

| URL = [http://www.lamb-of-god.com/ lamb-of-god.com]

| Current_members = [[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]]<br>[[Willie Adler]]<br>[[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]]<br>[[Chris Adler]]<br>[[Randy Blythe]]<br>

| Past_members = Abe Spear

}}

'''Lamb of God''' is a Grammy-nominated five-piece [[heavy metal music|metal]] band from [[Richmond, Virginia]], formerly known as [[Burn the Priest]]. They have sold over 1 million albums in the U.S. alone ([[Lamb of God Discography|see discography]]).

==The Genus '''Pachypodium'''==

==Biography==

'''''Pachypodium''''' is a [[genus]] included in the plant family [[Apocynaceae]]. The genus name means '''thick''' (''pachy'') '''foot''' (''podium'') and refers to the thick, almost branchless stems. Members of the '''Apocynaceae''' family can have either clear or milkey, white latex, sap as is the case for a relative often associated with '''''Pachypodium''''', '''''Adenium'''''. On the other hand, '''''Pachypodium''''' always has clear sap.¹ Both genre, moreover, are highly poisonness. The first species described by Lindley is '''''Pachypodium tuberosum''''', which is a synonym for today's '''''Pachypodium succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. '''''Pacypodium''''' are highly collected, esteemed, and cultivated plants by succulent enthusiast's, who depend upon mainly a healthly supply of plants from nurseries. Naturally, regrettably, '''''Pacypodium''''' are collected in the wild--'''''in situ'''''--locations, where such activity, not only for '''''Pachypodium''''' but plants in general theaten, the existense of the species in its natural habitat. '''''Pachypodium namaquanum''''' is an example of such a theartened species.

Lamb of God was formed in 1990 when [[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]], [[Chris Adler]], and [[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]] were floor mates at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]]. Randy Blythe was only a year ahead of the others in college. After graduation, Morton moved to Chicago to pursue a master's degree, but the band continued. A new guitarist, Abe Spear, was found. In 1994 [[Randy Blythe]] was added on vocals when the band decided to move past its instrumental sound. At this point in their career, they were known as [[Burn the Priest]]. Morton re-joined the group and Burn the Priest released a self-titled full length album soon after. Spear left the band in 1999 after admitting himself to a rehabilitation center outside of Williamsburg, Virginia. This opened a place for Chris Adler's brother, [[Willie Adler]]. A year after the second Adler joined, the band changed its name to Lamb of God, after which it signed a record deal with Prosthetic Records.<ref name ="HomepageBio">[http://www.lamb-of-god.com/sacrament/info/bio.php Biography on band's home page, www.lamb-of-god.com]</ref>

Nobody likes Them. They were voted the Worst band ever. It is not only legal to kill them, but you can be rewarded if you do. It would do the world good if they shoot themselves.

The genus '''''Pachypodium''''', according to S.H.J.V Rapanarivo and A. J. M. Leeuwenberg in '''<u>Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Habitats and Cultivation</u>''' in the '''<u> Abstract</u>''' of '''Taxonomic revision of Pachypodium: Series of Revisions of Apocynaceae XLVIII''' suggest similar yet minor differences in the taxonomical record of species than what is apparently published in '''<u>Trees of Southern Africa</u>''' by A. van Wyk and P. van Wyk. It lists <u>twenty-three</u> species, where <u>eighteen</u> are endemic to Madagascar and <u>five</u> occur in the continental Africa--''Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe.'' In 1999, the publication for '''<u>Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Habitats and Cultivation</u>''' is the work of several authors: S.H.J.V Rapanarivo, J.J. Lavranos, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg, and W. Röösli: ['''''Hence referenced as <u>Rapanarivo et al.</u>'''''] ('''"Taxonomic Revision of the genus '''''Pachypodium"''''')''' S.H.J.V Rapanarivo and A.J.M. Leeuwenberg; ('''"The habitats of '''''Pachypodium''''' species''') S.H.J.V Rapanarivo; AND ('''Cultivation''') W. Röösli) This work, besides any subsequent, relevant journal articles, seems to be the most current "'''<u>authority</u>'''" on the genus '''''Pachypodium'''''. Rapanarivo and Leeuwenberg give a better account of the key species to the genus '''''Pachypodium''''' as a whole from other recent literature.

Their lyrical themes tend to cover [[religion]], [[society]], [[Pain and nociception|pain]], [[misery]], [[politics]], and [[heresy]], as well as other often personal topics.

=='''<u>A Brief History of the Genus</u>'''==

{{cquote|We play music that straddles the line between prog and traditional rock. I think we make prog-rock more listenable without cheapening the progressiveness of it. The complexity of our music appeals to people who like technical playing, but the arrangements are not so extreme that they fly over the average listener's head. It's a good balance.|20px|20px|John Campbell|Lamb of God biography<ref>[http://www.sonybmgmusic.co.uk/artist_spotlight/lamb_of_god/biog/ Artist Bio on Sony BMG, ret. 02/28/07]</ref>}}

After two well received releases and a DVD (''[[Terror and Hubris]]'') on Prosthetic Records, the band signed a new recording contract with Epic Records in late 2003. Their first release for the label, ''[[Ashes of the Wake]]'', debuted at #27 on the Billboard Top 200 chart and has sold over 250,500 copies in the U.S. to date [http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/article/?id=45364].

The history of the genus begins with Lindley in 1830 as the author of the genus '''''Pachypodium.''''' His taxonomical ranking is based on a single species identified as '''''P. tuberosum''''' (1), which he thought was '''''<u>Echites succulenta</u>''''' (2) L.f., which was identified in 1781. Seemingly, then, the newer genus '''''Pachypodium''''' is acquired from the older genus '''''Echites'''''.

On [[August 29]], [[2005]], the band announced that their DVD ''[[Killadelphia (DVD)|Killadelphia]]'', which chronicles the band on tour supporting ''Ashes of the Wake'', had received Gold certification from the [[RIAA]]. The DVD features a complete live performance at the [[Trocadero]] in October 2004 in [[Philadelphia]], and also contains three of their music videos, commentary by the band, outtakes, soundchecks, and plenty of backstage shenanigans.

In 1837, on the other hand, G. Don. cited '''''<u>E. succulenta</u>''''' (2) as a taxonomical synonym of the species he identified as '''''P. tomentosum''''' (3). This species of '''''Pachypodium''''' is the only species he readily maintains. So, in the same listing, G. Don. classifies '''''P. glabrum''''' (4) as a species, but labeled it under '''''Echites bispinosa''''' (5) L.f as a ''<u>basionym</u>'', which is a name that has ''priority'' over other names later given to the same plant by different authors. That is to say, then, that '''''Echites bispinosa''''' (5) has priority over '''''Pachypodium glabrum''''' (4). Also G. Don. moved to reduce '''''P. tuberosum''''' (1) Lindl. to a synonym of '''''Echites bispinosa''''' (5); a synonym occurs when one of two or more names are used for the same taxon rank of a plant--or, better said, a synonym ''is a rejected name due to misapplication or difference in taxonomic judgment.'' Therefore, it would seem, the newer genus '''''Pachypodium''''' under G. Don. takes apparently a lesser priority taxonomically in the ranking of names to the older '''''Echites''''' genus. Both '''''P. tuberosum'''''(1) Lindl. and '''''P. glabrum''''' (4) are reduced taxonomically--''one by a ''basionym'' and the other by a ''synonym. Yet, even to G. Don. '''''P. tomentosum''''' (3) remains as a species.

On [[January 25]], [[2006]], a press release announced the re-release of Lamb of God's debut album, ''[[New American Gospel]]''. The original, along with the self-titled debut ''[[Burn the Priest (album)|Burn the Priest]]'', were both produced by Steve Austin, known for his work with [[Today Is the Day]], [[Converge (band)|Converge]], and [[Unsane]]. The re-release will be remastered and repackaged with four new tracks, exclusive liner notes from the band and a re-imaging of the album art by longtime band collaborator Ken Adams. The album was re-released on [[April 4]], [[2006]].

In 1844; however, the '''''Pachypodium''''' genus is redefined. A. de Candolle delineated '''''Pachypodium succulentum''''' (6) based on the apparent earlier taxonomical relationship between the two VALID taxonomical species '''''<u>Echites succulenta</u>''''' (2) AND '''''<u>P. tomentosum</u>''''' (3) G. Don. Moreover, he describes a second species considered to be '''''P. bispinosum''''' (7), even though it has an apparent <u>basionym</u> of '''''E. bispinosum''''' L.f. Furthermore A. de Candolle maintains that '''''P. glabrum''''' G. Don. is a synonym to '''''P. bispinosum''''' (7) [edit: Doesn't '''''P. glabrum''''' (4) G. Don. have less priorty as a name to the identification of '''''Echites bispinosa''''' (5). . . ?]. The last taxonomical move A. de Candolle accepted, according to Rapanarivo et al., is the further delineated '''''P. tuberosum''''' (1) Lindl. into a variety form. He modifies this species by adding the taxonomical rank '''variety''' to the species as '''variety''' '''''loddigessii''''' (1A). In 1963, Codd cited '''''P. tuberosum''''' var. '''''loddigessii''''' (1A) as a synonym for '''''P. bispinosum'''''(7) A. de Candolle.

Their newest album, ''[[Sacrament (album)|Sacrament]]'', was met with immediate success, debuting at #8 on the U.S. Billboard charts. The same day ''Sacrament'' was released, the band's fan club The Congregation was launched.

Historically the next species were identified by Welwitsch in 1867 and 1871 accordingly '''''P. namaquanum''''' (8) and '''''P. lealii''''' (9); as well as '''''P. saundersii''''' (10) by N.E. Br in 1892. Another well known member (genus) of '''Apocynaceae''' is brought to attention as a synonym for '''''P. namaquanum''''' (11) (Wyley ex Harv.). That early citation listed '''''P. namaquanum''''' (Wyley ex Harv.) (11) as '''''<u>Adenium</u> namaquanum''''' (12) Wyley ex Harv. in 1863, an aberrant move considering the obvious morphological differences between '''''Adenium''''' and '''''Pachypodium'''''.

Before the release of ''Sacrament'', the band took part in the 2006 [[The Unholy Alliance (tour)|The Unholy Alliance]] tour in [[North America]] with [[Slayer]], [[Mastodon (band)|Mastodon]], [[Children of Bodom]], and [[Thine Eyes Bleed]], and in [[Europe]] with [[In Flames]] instead of Mastodon. After ''Sacrament'' was released, they joined onto the North American portion of [[Gigantour]], headlined by [[Megadeth]] and including [[Arch Enemy (band)|Arch Enemy]], [[Opeth]], and [[Overkill (band)|Overkill]]. They were touring Europe.

Baker in 1892 contributed the first species accepted into the genus from Madagascar as '''''P. rosulatum''''' (13). Based on Rapanarivo et al.'s work, Madagascar with its more isolated habitats and specialized mico-ecosystems as compared to the broadly defined habitats of mainland Southern Africa will thus become a major source for ''''variety'''' of species in '''''Pachypodium'''''. ['''See Below Habitats of Pachypodium of Madagascar and Continental Southern Africa''''] After Baker, Vatke added '''''P. rutenbergianum''''' (14) in 1885, '''''P. brevicaule''''' (15) Baker in 1887, as well as '''''P. densiflorum''''' (16)--all Madagascar species.

They have also toured with [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]], [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], and [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]]. They have also been long time friends with the band [[GWAR]], having come from the same city and most members from the same college.

Of importance, Costantin and Bois in 1907 constructed the first, rather, complete treatment of '''''Pachypodium'''''. In their account, Costantin and Bois enumerated <u>seventeen</u> species; where <u>ten</u> were from Madagascar and <u>seven</u> were from Continental Southern Africa. In 1934, however, after another account of the genus by Perrier de la Bâthie, '''''Pachypodium''''' was, according to Rapanarivo et al., distinguished by <u>twenty</u> species with <u>fourteen</u> from Madagascar and <u>six</u> from Continental Southern Africa. Much later, in 1976, Markgraf accepted <u>seventeen</u> species, where <u>twelve</u> derive from Madagascar as the other <u>five</u> come from Continental Africa.

Lamb of God has been nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Metal Performance" for the song "Redneck" from ''Sacrament'' in 2006 for the 49th annual Grammy Awards.

New species have been added since 1976. Lavranos--''co-author of Rapanarivo et al.''--identified '''''P. inopinatum''''' (17) in 1996 and later in 1997 contributed both '''''P. eburneum''''' (18) and '''''P. bicolor''''' (19) In the reference '''<u>Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Habitats and Cultivation</u>,''' Rapanarivo et al. in 1999 reviewed the ''variety'' rank of many species and revised the speciation of '''''Pachypodium''''' by adjusting (I) '''''P. baronii''''' (20) var. '''''windsorii''''' (21) to '''''P. windsorii''''' (22) AND (II) '''''P. rosulatum''''' (23) var. '''''gracilius''''' (24) to '''''P. gracilius''''' (25). In other words, the aforementioned ''varieties'' were raised to ''species rank.'' Also '''''P. cactipes''''' (26), which Markgraf in 1976 reduces to a synonym of '''''P. rosulatum''''' (23), Rapanarivo et al. reinstated it as a distinct species.

On February 9, 2007 Lamb of God made their national television debut on [[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]. They played "Pathetic" from ''Sacrament''.

In the '''Cactus and Succulent Journal (USA)''', March-April 2004, Lavranos added a new species from the little visited Makay Mountains in Madagascar. He identified it as '''''P. makayense''''', with the condition that, despite naming a new species, he held reservations about the use of "''infrageneric rank where affinities are not entirely clear'' (Lavranos, "Summery" p. 75.)" So, in other words, the status of '''''P. makayense''''' is published but not entirely settled. It awaits further reassessment by (I) supplementary, adequate documentation; AND (II) molecular work on infra-generic (species) relationships within the genus '''Pachypodium''' as a whole. But for practical reasons; however, Lavranos decided that this taxon should be documented and stated as a species so that the advancement of speciation of '''''Pachypodium''''' can be understood given the taxon's distinct, singular characteristics and geological ___location. '''''P. makayense''''' resembles '''''P. densiflorum''''' "with its thick, irregularly disposed branches" (Lavranos p. 88). Yet '''''P. makayense''''' differs widely from '''''P. densiflorum''''' by its spinescence'--''having a spine or spines''--and in the form of the flower. It is closest, therefore, to '''''P. gracilius''''' but is distinguished by its heavier branches, its larger flowers, and its white spots at the base of the corolla--''the inner whorl of the perianth or collectively all the flower's petals''. Geographically the southernmost known locality of '''''P. makayense''''' is 50 km from the northernmost known range of '''''P. gracilius''''', which grows on sandstone south of the Mangoky River. This distance is characterized by a geologically ancient and deep depression of the Mangoky River. (Paragraph: Lavranos, p. 88)

On February 29th, the band was confirmed to play the UK's [[Download Festival]] 2007. The band is also confirmed as one of the headlining acts in this year's [[Ozzfest]] tour alongside [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Static-X]], and [[Lordi]].

Lastly it should be noted that there often exists a disparity between scientific, botanical accounts versus cultivated, horticultural assessments in succulent nurseries and between passionate collectors of the genus '''Pachypodium'''--''as well as other '''''esteemed''''' plants.'' It would seem that the science of botany is guided by finding, or not finding, meaningful generalizations between taxon constituted a generic--''inter-species''--speciation concept. Nurseries, on the other hand, are often guided by finding any possible difference that (I) once was so named--''possibly''--(synonym) OR (II) is now presumed to be a new species (n. n.). This attention to characteristics of a taxon that are deemed not botanically reducible by horticulturalists makes for a vast array sensitive to the slightest difference in species; ''even if these differences have been demonstrated as having no taxonomical significance or have been reduced to synonymy by botanists''. Several debates between scientific botanists, market-orientated horticulturalists, and interested collectors exist over taxon. Recently they are as follows for '''Pachypodium''':

==Equipment==

(I) The reduction of '''''P. ramosum''''' Costantin and Bois or '''''P. lamerei''''' '''var.''' '''''ramosum''''' (Costantin and Bois) Pichon to '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake, where '''''P. ramosum''''' branches considerably more than '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake;

{| class="wikitable"

| Randy Blythe

|

*[[Sennheiser]] microphones

|-

| Chris Adler

|

*[[Mapex Drums|Mapex]] Saturn Series Drums

*Mapex 13 inch Black Panther Birdseye-maple snare

*[[Meinl Percussion]] Cymbals w/ Signature MB20 Ride

*Pro-Mark TX5AX Drum Sticks

*Gibraltar Drum Hardware

*Aquarian Drumheads

*Axis pedals

|-

| Mark Morton

|

*[[Jackson Guitars|Jackson]] Mark Morton Dominion w/ Seymour Duncan '59s Tobacco

*Jackson Mark Morton Dominion w/ Seymour Duncan '59s Wine Drunk

*[[Gibson Les Paul]] Standard Gold

*GHS Boomer Strings 10-52

*Mesa Mark IV amplifier head w/ 9 Mesa 4x12 cab (2 of them work, the other seven are for show)

*1.14mm Dunlop picks

*Sennheiser wireless system

*Rocktron Hush Super C

*Dunlop Crybaby Wah Pedal

*MXR GT-OD Pedal

*MXR EVH Phase 90

*Boss TU-2 Chromatic Tuner

|-

| Will Adler

|

*[[ESP Guitars|ESP]] Will Alder Signature Model

*ESP Eclipse Quilt Blue w/ gold edging

*ESP Eclipse Quilt Red w/ gold edging

*ESP Eclipse Will Adler Signature Eclipse(Camoflague)

*ESP-LTD EX-400BD

*GHS Boomer Strings 10-52

*Mesa Mark IV amplifer head w/ Framus 4x12 cabs

*Sennheiser wireless system

|-

| John Campbell

|

*[[Peavey]] Millennium 4 bass

*[[Jackson]] C20 concert basses (yellow)

*Dean Markley bass strings

*Mesa 400+ watt tube bass amplifier w/ two Mesa Roadready 8x10 cabs

*Sennheiser wireless system

*Tech 21 Sans Amp Bass Driver DI

*DBX 266XL Compressor/Gate

|}

Mark Morton endorses Jackson Guitars, GHS Strings, Dunlop Electronics, and Rocktron Electronics. Will Adler endorses ESP guitars and GHS Strings.

(II) The reduction of '''''P. menabeum''''' Leandri to '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake, where '''''P. menabeum''''' Leandri is significantly different than '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake in ''morphology'';

Both Morton and Will use [[drop D tuning]] (D-A-D-G-B-E) primarily, also [[standard tuning]] (E-A-D-G-B-E) and [[open D tuning]] (D-A-D-G-B-D) on certain songs. John Campbell also uses drop D tuning (D-A-D-G).

(III) The exclusion or synonymy of '''''P. rosulatum''''' '''var.''' '''''drakei''''' (Costantin and Bois) Markgr. or '''''P. drakei''''' Costantin and Bois to '''''P. rosulatum''''' Baker;

==Discography==

(IV) The exclusion or synonymy of '''''P. brevicalyx''''' (H. Perrier) Pichon or '''''P. densiflorum''''' '''var.''' '''''brevicalyx''''' H. Perrier to '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker

'''See:''' [[Lamb of God discography]] for a complete discography.

===Studio albums===

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

|'''Cover'''

|'''Title'''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - New American Gospel.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[New American Gospel]]'''''

*Released: [[September 26]], [[2000]]

*Chart Positions:-

*U.S. Sales: 100,000+

*Label(s): [[Prosthetic Records]]<br>

*Singles: ''Black Label''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - As the Palaces Burn.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[As the Palaces Burn]]'''''

*Released: [[May 6]], [[2003]]

*Chart Positions:#7 U.S. Top Heatseekers

*U.S. Sales: 200,000+

*Label(s): [[Prosthetic Records]]

*Singles: ''Ruin'', ''11th Hour'', ''As the Palaces Burn''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb_of_God_-_Ashes_of_the_Wake.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|''[[Ashes of the Wake]]''

*Released: [[August 31]], [[2004]]

*Chart Positions: #27 U.S.

*U.S. Sales: 400,000+

*Label(s): [[Epic Records]]

*Singles: ''Laid to Rest'', ''Now You've Got Something to Die For''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - Sacrament.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Sacrament (album)|Sacrament]]'''''

*Released: [[August 22]], [[2006]]

*Chart Positions: #8 U.S.

*U.S. Sales: 300,000+

*Label(s): [[Epic Records]]

*Singles: ''Redneck'', ''Walk with Me in Hell''

|-

|}

==Members==

(V) The species rank of '''''P. griquense''''' L. Bolus when reduced to '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC.

===Current members===

*[[Randy Blythe]] - [[singer|vocals]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1995)-present)

*[[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]] - [[electric guitar|guitar]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

*[[Willie Adler]] - guitar (1999-present)

*[[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]] - [[bass guitar]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

*[[Chris Adler]] - [[drum kit|drums]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

==Video game involvement==

¹ ''Correction.'' Earilier it was writtten: "As other members of the '''Apocynaceae''' family, '''''Pachypodium''''' possess a milky latex, rich in alkaloids, which, in the case of [[Bottle tree|'''''P. lealii''''']] (bottle tree), can be very poisonous." Its correction needs public recognition given that this error has occurred on both articles (I) '''Pachypodium''' AND (II) '''Apocynaceae'''. According to '''Rapanarivo et al''' this statement is inaccurate. As '''Rapanarivo et al''' writes in '''<u>Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Habitats and Cultivation</u>''', ". . . '''''Adenium''''' species have either clear sap or white latex. '''''Pachypodium''''' has . . . always clear sap." ('''Rapanarivo et al''', p. 5)

* "Laid to Rest" is featured in [[Guitar Hero II]].

* "Black Label" is featured in [[Tony Hawk's Underground 2]].

* Lamb of God's music can also be found in [[BaboViolent 2]].

* "Redneck" is featured in [[ATV Offroad Fury 4]].

* "Redneck" is also featured in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Street#NFL_Street_3 NFL Street 3].

==<u>Species</u>Wall of Death==

{{main|Wall of Death}}

The wall of death occurs at the beginning of the song "Black Label," usually the last song in the set. The crowd divides to the left and right sides of the floor area, and then on Blythe's direction, run wildly towards the other side. This is much more intense than [[circle pit]]s, which are also seen at Lamb of God concerts.

(01) '''''P. ambongense''''' Poiss. [Madagascar] <br>

(02) '''''P. baronii''''' Costantin and Bois [Madagascar] <br>

(03) '''''P. bicolor''''' Lavranos and Rapanarivo [Madagascar]<br>

(04) '''''P. bispinosum '''''(L.f.) A. DC. [Southern Continental Africa] <br>

(xx) '''''P. brevicalyx''''' (H. Perrier) Pichon or '''''P. densiflorum''''' var. '''''brevicalyx''''' H. Perrier >>>Rapanarivo et al. synonymy for '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker <br>

(05) '''''P. brevicaule''''' Baker [Madagascar] <br>

(06) '''''P. cactipes''''' K. Schum [Madagascar] >>>According to Rapanarivo et al. no longer a synonym for '''''P. rosulatum''''' <br>

(07) '''''P. decaryi''''' Poiss. [Madagascar] <br>

(08) '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker [Madagascar] <br>

(09) '''''P. eburneum''''' Lavranos and Rapanarivo [Madagascar] <br>

(10) '''''P. geayi''''' Costantin and Bois [Madagascar] <br>

(11) '''''P. gracilius''''' (H. Perrier) Rapanarivo [Madagascar] <br>

(12) '''''P. horombense''''' Poiss. [Madagascar] <br>

(13) '''''P. inopinatum''''' Lavranos [Madagascar] <br>

(14) '''''[[Madagascar palm|P. lamerei (Madagascar palm)]]''''' Drake [Madagascar] <br>

(15) '''''[[Bottle tree|P. lealii (Bottle tree)]]''''' Welw. [Southern Continental Africa] <br>

(16) '''''P. makayense''''' Lavranos [Madagascar] <br>

(17) '''''P. meridionale''''' (H. Perrier) Pichon [Madagascar] <br>

(18) '''''[[Cobas tree|P. namaquanum (Cobas tree)]]''''' (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw.[Southern Continental Africa] <br>

(xx) '''''P. ramosum''''' >>> Rapanarivo et al. is a synonym for '''''P. lamerei'''''<br>

(19) '''''P. rosulatum''''' Baker [Madagascar] <br>

(20) '''''P. rutenbergianum''''' Vatke [Madagascar] <br>

(21) '''''P. saundersii''''' N.E. Br. >>> Rapanarivo et al. no longer a variety of '''''P. lealii'''''. [Southern Continental Africa] <br>

(22) '''''P. sofiense''''' (Poiss.) H. Perrier [Madagascar] <br>

(23) '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. [Southern Continental Africa] <br>

(24) '''''P. windsorii''''' Poiss. [Madagascar] <br>

==<u>Invalid Species or Variety Names</u>:== <u>According to Rapanarivo et al. 1999</u> <br>

'''''Pachypodium brevicalyx''''' (H. Perrier) Pichon >>> '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker <br>

'''''P. densiflorum''''' var. '''''brevicalyx''''' H. Perrier >>> '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker <br>

'''''P. champenoisianum''''' Boiteau >>>'''''P. lamerei''''' Drake <br>

'''''P. drakei''''' Costantin and Bois >>> '''''P. rosulatum''''' Baker <br>

'''''P. giganteum''''' Engl. >>> '''''P. lealii''''' Welw. <br>

'''''P. glabrum''''' G. Don >>> '''''P. bispinosum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. griquense''''' L. Bolus >>> '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. jasminiflorum''''' L. Bolus >>> '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. lamerei''''' var. '''''ramosum''''' (Costantin and Bois) Pichon >>> '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake <br>

'''''P. lealii''''' subsp. '''''saundersii''''' (N.E. Br) G.D. Rowley >>> '''''P. saundersii''''' N.E. Br <br>

'''''P. menabeum''''' Leandri >>> '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake <br>

'''''P. obesum''''' G. Don ex A. DC. >>> <u>'''''Adenium obesum'''''</u> Roem. and Schult. <br>

'''''P. ramosum''''' Costantin and Bois >>> '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake <br>

'''''P.''''' x '''''rauhii''''' Halda >>> '''''P. densiflorum''''' Baker <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''delphinense''''' H. Perrier >>> '''''P. cactipes''''' K. Schum. <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''drakei''''' (Costantin and Bois) Markgr. >>> '''''P. rosulatum''''' Baker <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''eburneum''''' (Lavranos and Rapanarivo) G.D. Rowley >>> '''''P. eburneum''''' Lavranos and Rapanarivo <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''gracilius''''' H. Perrier >>> '''''P. gracilius''''' (H. Perrier) Rapanarivo <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''horombense''''' (Poiss.) G.D. Rowley >>> '''''P. horombense''''' Poiss. <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''inopinatum''''' (Lavranos) G.D. Rowley >>> '''''P. inopinatum''''' Lavranos <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''rosulatum''''' frma. '''''bicolor''''' (Lavranos and Rapanarivo) G.D. Rowley >>> '''''P. bicolor''''' Lavranos and Rapanarivo <br>

'''''P. rosulatum''''' var. '''''stenanthum''''' Costantin and Bois >>> '''''P. cactipes''''' K. Schum. <br>

'''''P. rutenbergianum''''' var. '''''lamerei''''' (Drake) Poiss. >>> '''''P. lamerei''''' Drake <br>

'''''P. rutenbergainum''''' var. '''''meridionale''''' H. Perrier >>> '''''P. meridionale''''' (H. Perrier) Pichon <br>

'''''P. rutenbergainum''''' var. '''''perrieri''''' Poiss. >>> '''''P. sofiense''''' (Pois.) H. Perrier <br>

'''''P. rutenbergainum''''' var. '''''sofiense''''' Poiss. >>> '''''P. sofiense''''' (Pois.) H. Perrier <br>

'''''P. tomentosum''''' G. Don >>> '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. tuberosum''''' Lindl >>> '''''P. succulentum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. tuberosum''''' var. '''''loddigessii''''' A. DC. >>> '''''P. bispinosum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

'''''P. tuberosum''''' Lodd. >>> '''''P. bispinosum''''' (L.f.) A. DC. <br>

=='''Unknown Species Listing of Names'''==

===University of Arizona===

(Had to Use Google Cache Page of P. menabeum to Obtain this List of other unknown Pachypodium.)

[http://64.233.187.104./search?q=cache:zu63X40K508J:methusela.calssnet.arizona.edu:8080/imagedb/servlet/DBDisplayTaxon%3Ftdisplay%3D2%26taxon_name%3DPachypodium+Pachypodium+menabeum&hl=en Search]

Links on web page do not offer information about stated species.

'''''Pachypodium integrifolium ???''''' <br>

'''''P. laciniatum ??? '''''<br>

'''''P. linearifolium ??? '''''<br>

'''''P. sagittatum''''' ???? <br>

==='''Uhlig Kakteen Nursery''' (Germany)===

'''''Pachypodium fiherenense''''' sp. nov.; Tulear, Madagascar ??? <br>

>>> A speculative explantion for this unknown and little used name, even though the taxon in question is considered a "sp. nov.," is that the unknown author has confused plants in the '''Apocynaceae''' with a species listed by the repected Gordon D. Rowley as in the '''Didiereaceae''' family, also a thorny stemed tree collective of plants. With in the '''Didiereaceae''', Rowley states that a Genus/Species exists by the name of '''''Alluaudiopsis fiherensis'''''. Remember that the unknown taxon is entitled '''''Pachypodium fiherense'''''. '''''Fiferensis''''' might have beentransformed into '''''fiherense'''''. Moreover both the '''''Alluaudiopsis''''' genus and the '''''Pachypodium

=='''Morphology'''== <br>

(Taken from Rapanarivo et al.) <br>

==='''Habit'''===

'''Pachypodium''' species radically vary in habit, whereby "habit" means the plant's physical characteristics, appearances, form, or manner of growth. '''Pachypodium''' species have varying forms Bottle-, Cigar-, or Candelabrum-shaped trees with thick branches to diminutive plants with one species having an extremely short trunk. This species, '''''P. brevicaule''''', has a trunk not over 8 cm but is juxtaposition oddly enough with a grotesque, unnatural looking 40 cm diameter. Most of the species are shrubs not over 4 m high. Nevertheless, '''''P. geayi''''', '''''P. lamerei''''', '''''P. lealii''''', '''''P. meridionale''''', and '''''P. sofiense''''' take on the habit of a tree about 5 m high. '''''P. rutenbergainum''''' can even reach a height of 12 m. '''''P. namaquanum''''' takes on the height of a tree but branches rarely. All species, except '''''P. decaryi''''' which can be spineless, are thorny at least on the branchlets.

==='''Bark'''===

The bark on '''Pachypodium''' species vary from a pale grey to a dark brown or a green-grey that is often smooth. In section the bark of '''Pachypodium''' species tends to average about 6 mm thick and is usually colored medium green.

==='''Wood'''===

'''Pachypodium''' wood is soft and cream colored.

==='''Spines'''===

'''Pachypodium''' form stipules transformed into spines. A stipule is one of a pair of lateral outgrowths at the base of the petiole, the stalk of the leaf, in some plants. All African species and '''''P. geayi''''' as well as '''''P. lamerei''''' have three spines; where two spines together are subequal, while the third is smaller and placed in-between them. All other species have just two paired spines, where the length varies from 1 mm in '''''P. decaryi''''' and '''''P. sofiense''''' to 75 mm in '''''P. namaquanum'''''.

==='''Leaves'''===

'''Pachypodium''' leaves are alternate. They can be '''sessile''' or '''petiolate''': where ''sessile'' means lacking a stem, petiole, peduncle or pedicel; AND ''petiolate'' entails having a petiole, which is like a petal, colored and enlarged. The petiole is either densely pubescent--''hairy''--to glabrous--''smooth''. The leaves are typically confined to the apices of branchlets, branches, or trunk. The blade is herbaceous to coriaceous, leathery, when fresh and papery when dried. Its shape ranges from ovate to obovate. The leaf can range from (I) densely pubescent on both sides with stellate hairs as in '''''P. namaquanum''''' to (II) glabrous on both sides in '''''P. rutenbergainum''''' to (III) pubescent to glabrous above and densely pubescent to glabrous beneath in other species. The apex is acuminate, pointed, to rounded or infrequently mucronate, ending abruptly in a small triangular tip on top, as in '''''P. bispinosum''''', '''''P. lamerei''''', and '''''P. leali'''''. Secondary veins in dried leaves are apparent in all species except '''''P. bispinosum'''''. These veins are paired, straight at the base and upcurved upwards.

==='''Inflorescence'''===

'''Pachypodium''' inflorescence are (I) terminal, ''the end of an axis'', (II) sessile, ''lacking a stem'', OR (III) pedunculate, ''the main axis of the inflorescence''. With exception to '''''P. geayi''''', the inflorescence is congested with few to many flowers. With the species '''''P. bispinosum''''', '''''P. lealii''''', and '''''P. succulentum''''', the inflorescence is terminal on minute lateral branchlets. The inflorescence is thus often seen as axillary. The bracts are usually sepal-like, where they are pubescent on the outside and mostly glabrous inside, with exception to '''''P. bispinosum''''', '''''P. rutenbergainum''''', and '''''P. saundersii'''''. The latter three are glabrous on both sides. The peduncle, the main axis of the inflorescence, is 0-20 mm long in '''''P. meridionale''''', '''''P. rutenbergianum''''', '''''P. sofience''''', and all continental African species. '''''P. horombense''''' sports the longest peduncles, often up to 56 mm. The flowers are sessile--''lacking a stem.'' The longest pedicels are also found on '''''P. horombense'''''.

==='''Flower'''===

====''Calyx''====

A '''calyx''' is the outer most series of leaves in a flower, which are commonly green. That is to say, it is the collective term for all sepels of a flower; or the outer whorl of the perianth, where ''perianth'' is the protective envelop of the flower consisting of all uniform segments; such as tepals, or consisting of the calyx and corolla.

In '''''Pachypodium''''', the calyx always has five subequal ovate to oblong sepals united at the base of the flower and is often persistent in the fruit.

====''Corolla''====

A '''corolla''' is a collective term used for all the petals of a flower; or the inner whorl of a perianth.

In '''Pachypodium''', the corolla is tubular and variously colored; where the lobes are (I) ''red'' to ''crisom'' in '''''P. baronii''''' and '''''P. windsorii'''''; (II) ''pure white'' in '''''P. meridionale''''' and '''''P. rutenbergainum'''''; (III) ''yellow'' in many species from Madagascar; AND (IV) ''variously colored'' in other species. The mature corolla bud has a head that is usually oviod with an obtuse apex in all species except '''''P. meridionale''''' and '''''P. rutenbergianum''''', which have narrowly oviod heads and an acuminate apex. The tube of the corolla is divided into two parts: (I) The basil part is usually cylindrical and often shorter than the upper part; with exception in '''''P. densiflorum''''', '''''P. geayi''''', '''''P. inopinatum''''', and '''''P. windsorii'''''; AND (II) the upper part may be (a) ''urceolate''--''urn-shaped or hollow and with a contraction near the "mouth''--in '''''P. ambongense''''', '''''P. decaryi''''', '''''P. lamerei''''', '''''P. lealii''''', '''''P. rutenbergainum''''', and '''''P. saundersii'''''; (b) cylindrical in '''''P. baronii''''', '''''P. brevicaule''''', '''''P. sofience''''', '''''P. succulentum''''', and '''''P. windsorii'''''; AND (c) ''occonical'' in all other species. A pubescent belt is below the insertion of the stamens, which may continue upwards and may become more dense at the mouth in '''''P. baronii''''' and '''''P. windsorii'''''; or this pubescent belt may extend sometimes all over the lobes as in '''''P. namaquanum'''''. The corolla measures 9 mm long in '''''P. succulentum''''' and 60 mm long in '''''P. sofiense'''''. The corolla lobs overlap to the right in bud and are slightly twisted only in '''''P. meridionale''''' and '''''P. rutenbergainum'''''. In '''''P. meridionale''''', the lobes are always longer than the tube; just as they are always shorter in '''''P. bicolor''''', '''''P. bispinosum''''', '''''P. gracilius''''', '''''P. horombense''''', '''''P. namaquanum''''', '''''P. saundersii''''', and '''''P. sofiense'''''. In other species, they can shorter or longer than the corolla tube. The corolla lobes are obliquely ovate or obliquely obovate, recurved in '''''P. geayi''''', and undulate in '''''P. densiflorum''''', '''''P. lealli''''', '''''P. meridionale''''', and '''''P. rutenbergainum'''''. The apex is acuminate to rounded.

====''Stamens and Pistil''====

The "male" organ within a flower, usually consisting of ''filament''--''the usually thin to thread-like short or elongated stalk of the stamen which carries the anther at the upper end''--AND ''anther''--''the part on the stamen, usually on top, which bear the pollen, commonly consisting of two or four '''thecae''' which contain the pollen, and a sterile region in between the '''connective'''.''

The ovary of the Pachypodium flower is subglobose and composed of two ''carpels''--''the "female" organ of an angiospermous flower that consists of a modified leaf that contains the ovules and normally has a '''style''' with a '''stigma''' at top''. (''A style is the commonly cylindrical or stalk-like portion that connects the stigma with the ovary, carpel; whereas the stigma is the top-most receptive region of the style, often divided into stigma-lobes, commonly papillate or wet by a sticky exudate to help capture and norish pollen grains''.) These two carpels of the subglobose ovary is either pubescent or glabrous. Importantly each carples contains numerous ovules. All species of '''Pachypodium''' have stamens except '''''P. desiflorum''''' and '''''P. geayi''''' where they are exserted; or, thrust outward or protruding, as stamens projecting beyond petals.

====''Fruit''====

The fruit of '''Pachypodium''' are composed of two separate ''mericaps'', the part of an ovary, or carpel, with one or more enclosed seeds; often the distribution unit of segmented fruits. Pale to dark brown, the mericarps of '''Pachypodium''' are marked with longitudinal lines or lenticellate outside; whereas inside, when dried, it is whitish to pale brown and either (I) ''glabrous'' for '''''P. decaryi''''', '''''P. geayi''''', '''''P. meridionale''''', '''''P. lealli''''', and '''''P. saundersii'''''; OR (II) ''densely pubescent'' in '''''P. namaquanum'''''; OR (III) ''pubescent'' to ''puberulous'' in the other species. The mericaps are usually ''fusiform''--''spindle-shaped or elongated and terete and gradually tapering at each end''--with exception to '''''P. namaquanum''''', where they are obovoid to ellipsoid.

====''Seed''====

The seed grains are pale to medium brown, have smooth to rough testa, and bear a single straw-colowered or whitish coma on their apex.

=='''Habitats of Pachypodium of Madagascar and Southern Continental Africa'''==

==='''Study, Materials, and Methodology'''===

==='''A Larger Context for the Habitats of '''Pachypodiums'''===

Two Quicktime videos (6-8mb in size) document the wall of death on the video page of the official Lamb of God website, found [http://www.lamb-of-god.com/sacrament/gallery/photos.php?getNumb=3&cat=Video here].

However, Randy is no longer allowed to orchestrate walls of death, due to health and safety,and also beacause nobody likes it and it is the stupidest act ever, although the crowd sometimes perform the wall of death at the beginning of "Black Label", even if Randy did not ask them to.

==References==

<references/>

==External links==

==='''Taxonomy'''===

*[http://www.lamb-of-god.com Official website]

*[http://www.fansiteproductions.com/lambofgod/ The Congregation] - official fansite

'''GardenWeb (http://www..gardenweb.com)'''

*[http://www.myspace.com/lambofgod Lamb of God] at [[MySpace]]

*[http://www.lambofgod.tv Lamb of God] at [[Sony Music]]

'''Glossary of Botanical Terms with Special Reference to Succulent Plants. (Including German Equivalents)''' complied by Urs Eggli.(British Cactus and Succulent Society,

*[http://www.sacrament2006.com Sample of ''Sacrament'']

1993)

*[http://www.rockdetector.com/interviews/artist,5087.sm?id=143 Interview with Lamb of God] at [[Rockdetector]]

*[http://www.greatfallstribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061018/LIFESTYLE/610180306/1024 Interview with Willie Adler], ''[[Great Falls Tribune]]'', [[2006-10-18]]

==='''Pachypodium'''===

'''Trees of Southern Africa''' by A. van Wyk and P. van Wyk <br>

'''<u>Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, Habitats and Cultivation</u>''' by S.H.J.V Rapanarivo; J.J Lavranos, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg ''and'' W. Röösli [Rapanarivo et al.]. <br>

Lavranos, John J. "Pachypodium makayense'': A New Species from Madagascar." ''Cactus ands Succulent Journal(USA)'' ''76'' (2), 85-88.

==External link==

{{LambOfGod}}

http://www.pachypodium.org <br>

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[http://www..gardenweb.com GardenWeb]: Easy, General Taxonomy <br>

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