Torture and Lamb of God (band): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->

[[Image:Iron Maiden of Nuremberg.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [[iron maiden (torture device)|Iron Maiden]] of [[Nuremberg]] is an infamous and rarely used torture device.]]

| Name = [[Image:Lamb of God Logo.png|Lamb of God|100px]]‎

| Img =

| Img_capt =

| Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels -->

| Landscape =

| Background = group_or_band

| Alias = [[Burn the Priest]]

| Origin = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]]

| Genre = [[Groove metal]]<ref name="Encyclopaedia Metallum">{{cite web | url = http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=59 | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | title = Encyclopaedia Metallum entry | publisher = Metal-Archives.com | date = }}</ref><ref name="Rockdetector">{{cite web | url = http://www.rockdetector.com/artist,5087.sm | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | title = Rockdetector entry | publisher = Rockdetector.com | date = }}</ref><br>[[Metalcore]]<ref name="Encyclopaedia Metallum"/><ref name="Rockdetector"/><ref name="MP3.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.mp3.com/albums/20120072/summary.html | accessdate = 2006-12-30 | author = James Christopher Monger | title = All Music Guide "Sacrament" review | publisher = All Music Guide | date = }}</ref><br>[[Thrash metal]]<ref>[http://www.lambofgod.tv/ Offical site news updates]</ref>

| Years_active = 1990-present

| Label = [[Epic Records]]

| Associated_acts =

| URL = [http://www.lamb-of-god.com/ lamb-of-god.com]

| Current_members = [[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]]<br>[[Willie Adler]]<br>[[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]]<br>[[Chris Adler]]<br>[[Randy Blythe]]<br>

| Past_members = Abe Spear

}}

'''Lamb of God''' is a Grammy-nominated five-piece [[heavy metal music|metal]] band from [[Richmond, Virginia]], formerly known as [[Burn the Priest]]. They have sold over 1 million albums in the U.S. alone ([[Lamb of God Discography|see discography]]).

'''Torture''' is any act by which severe torment, whether physical or [[Psychology|psychological]], is intentionally inflicted on a person as a means of [[intimidation]], a deterrent, revenge, a [[punishment]], or as a method for the extraction of information or [[confession]]s (i.e. "third-degree methods" of [[interrogation]]). Torture is also useful as a method of [[coercion]] or as a tool to control a subversionist group: for example, certain behaviors can be obtained (more or less readily) from the membership of said group if they know that their leader, having been captured, is even now being exposed to dreadful physical tortures. Torture is often associated with terrible pain, severe suffering, and long-term trauma in its subjects.

==Biography==

Torture is almost universally considered to be an extreme violation of [[human rights]], as stated by the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]. Signatories of the [[Third Geneva Convention]] and [[Fourth Geneva Convention]] agree not to torture protected persons (enemy civilians and [[Prisoners of War|POW]]s) in armed conflicts, and signatories of the [[UN Convention Against Torture]] agree not to intentionally inflict severe pain or suffering on anyone, to obtain information or a confession, to punish them, or to coerce them or a third person. These conventions and agreements notwithstanding, it is estimated by organizations such as [[Amnesty International]] that around two out of three countries do not consistently abide by the spirit of such treaties.

Lamb of God was formed in 1990 when [[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]], [[Chris Adler]], and [[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]] were floor mates at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]]. Randy Blythe was only a year ahead of the others in college. After graduation, Morton moved to Chicago to pursue a master's degree, but the band continued. A new guitarist, Abe Spear, was found. In 1994 [[Randy Blythe]] was added on vocals when the band decided to move past its instrumental sound. At this point in their career, they were known as [[Burn the Priest]]. Morton re-joined the group and Burn the Priest released a self-titled full length album soon after. Spear left the band in 1999 after admitting himself to a rehabilitation center outside of Williamsburg, Virginia. This opened a place for Chris Adler's brother, [[Willie Adler]]. A year after the second Adler joined, the band changed its name to Lamb of God, after which it signed a record deal with Prosthetic Records.<ref name ="HomepageBio">[http://www.lamb-of-god.com/sacrament/info/bio.php Biography on band's home page, www.lamb-of-god.com]</ref>

Nobody likes Them. They were voted the Worst band ever. It is not only legal to kill them, but you can be rewarded if you do. It would do the world good if they shoot themselves.

==Philosophy of torture==

Their lyrical themes tend to cover [[religion]], [[society]], [[Pain and nociception|pain]], [[misery]], [[politics]], and [[heresy]], as well as other often personal topics.

===Justifications against torture===

(See ''Torture'' by Edward Peters 1985.)

{{expandsect}}

==Current legal status of torture==

On [[December 10]], [[1948]] the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] was adopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]]. Article 5 states "''No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment''".

Since that time the use of torture has been regulated by a number of international treaties, of which the two major ones are the [[United Nations Convention Against Torture]] and the [[Geneva Conventions]].

===United Nations Convention Against Torture===

The [[United Nations Convention Against Torture|"United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment"]](UNCAT) came into force in June 1987. The most relevant articles are articles 1, 2, 3 and the first paragraph of article 16

:<u>Article 1</u>

:''1. Any act by which severe [[pain]] or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an [[official capacity]]. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.''

:''2. This article is without prejudice to any international instrument or national legislation which does or may contain provisions of wider application.''

:<u>Article 2</u>

:''1. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction.''

:''2. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political in stability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.''

:''3. An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.''

:<u>Article 3</u>

:''1. No State Party shall expel, return ("refouler") or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.''

:''2. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.''

:<u>Article 16</u>

:''1. Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture as defined in article I, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture of references to other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.''

There are several points which should be noted:

* Section 1: torture is defined as ''severe pain or suffering'', which means there exist levels of pain and suffering which are not severe enough to be called torture. Discussions on this area of international law are influenced by a ruling of the [[European Court of Human Rights]](ECHR). See the section [[#Other conventions|Other conventions]] for more details on the ECHR ruling.

* Section 2: If a state has signed the treaty without reservations, then there are ''no exceptional circumstances whatsoever'' where a state can use torture and not break its treaty obligations. However the worst sanction which can be applied to a powerful country is a public record that they have broken their treaty obligations. [http://www.truthout.org/docs_2006/021306Z.shtml] In certain exceptional cases the authorities in those countries may consider that, with [[plausible deniability]], this is an acceptable risk to take as the definition of ''severe'' is open to interpretation.

* Section 16: contains the phrase ''territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment'', so if the government of a state authorises its personnel to use [[sensory deprivation]] on a detainee in territory not under its jurisdiction then it has not broken its treaty obligations.

At the moment this treaty has been signed by about half the countries in the world.

===Geneva Conventions===

The four [[Geneva Conventions]] provide protection for people who fall into enemy hands. They envisage war in its traditional form, whereby people in uniforms fight clearly defined enemies in uniform, within a clearly defined arena. It therefore divides people into two explicit groups: combatants and non-combatants (civilians). There is a third group whose existence is implied, but whose treatment is not covered in detail. These are [[unlawful combatant]]s, such as spies, [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] and other combatants who have broken the [[laws of war]], for example by firing on an enemy while flying a white flag. Whilst combatants and non-combatants are provided substantial protection, a lesser level of protection is afforded to unlawful combatants.

The [[third Geneva Convention|third]](GCIII) and [[fourth Geneva Convention|fourth]](GCIV) Geneva Conventions are the two most relevant for the treatment of the victims of conflicts. Both treaties state in their similarly worded article 3 that in a '''non-international armed conflict''' that "''Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms... shall in all circumstances be treated humanely'' and that there must not be any "''violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture.''" or "''outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment''".

Under GCIV most enemy civilians in an '''international armed conflict''' will be "Protected Persons" under the meaning of GCIV, (see exemptions section immediately after this for those who are not). Under article 32, protected persons have the right to protection from ''"murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments...but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by non-combatant or military agents."''

The treatment of [[prisoners of war]] (POWs) in an '''international armed conflict''' is covered by GCIII. In particular article 17 states that "''No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind.''".

GCIII POW status has far fewer exemptions than "Protected Person" status under GCIV. If a person is an enemy combatant in an international armed conflict, then they will have the protection of GCIII and be entitled to be regarded as POWs under GCIII unless they are an unlawful combatant. If there is a question of whether the combatant is an unlawful combatant, they must be treated as POW's "until their status has been determined by a competent tribunal" (GCIII article 5). If the tribunal decides that they are an unlawful combatant, and they are a Protected Person under GCIV, they will still have the some protections under GCIV Article 5. They must be "''treated with humanity and, in case of trial [for [[war crimes]]], shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial prescribed by the present Convention''".

A person, who is found guilty of war crimes in an international armed conflict, or is not protected by GCIV because of some other exemption, is no longer protected by the Geneva Conventions.

====Geneva Convention IV exemptions====

GCIV provides an important exemption:

:''"Where in the territory of a Party to the conflict, the latter is satisfied that an individual protected person is definitely suspected of or engaged in activities hostile to the security of the State, such individual person shall not be entitled to claim such rights and privileges under the present Convention [ie GCIV] as would ... be prejudicial to the security of such State."'' (GCIV article 5)

In a conflict like the U.S. [[War on Terrorism]] many so-called "unlawful combatants" have been controversially denied protection under the Geneva Conventions, because they are either excluded by their nationality (see below), they are deemed to be so dangerous that Article 5 can be invoked, or because they do not fit the textual description of a lawful combatant (are not members of the armed forces of a Party, do not have uniforms, do not display a "fixed distinctive sign recognisable at a distance").

There are two further groups who are not protected by GCIV:

# Nationals of a State which is not bound by the Convention are not protected by it.

# Nationals of a neutral State in the territory of a combatant State, and nationals of a co-belligerent State, cannot claim the protection of GCIV if their home state has normal diplomatic representation in the State that holds them (article 4). Since nearly every state has diplomatic recognition of every other state, most citizens of neutral countries in a war zone are not able to claim any protection from GCIV.

====Geneva Conventions' Additional Protocols====

In addition, there are two additional protocols to the Geneva Convention: [[Protocol I]] (1977), relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and [[Protocol II]] (1977), relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts. These clarify and extend the definitions in some areas, but to date many countries, including the [[United States]], have either not signed them or have not ratified them.

'''Protocol I''' does not explicitly mention torture but it does clarify one or two points which effect the treatment of POWs and Protected Persons. The first is that it explicitly involves "''the appointment of Protecting Powers and of their substitute''" to monitor that the Conventions are being enforced by the Parties to the conflict. It also broadens the definition of a lawful combatant in occupied territory to include those who carry arms openly but are not wearing uniforms, so that they are now [[lawful combatant]]s and protected by the Geneva Conventions. It also defines who is a mercenary and therefore an unlawful combatant and not protected by the same conventions.

{{cquote|We play music that straddles the line between prog and traditional rock. I think we make prog-rock more listenable without cheapening the progressiveness of it. The complexity of our music appeals to people who like technical playing, but the arrangements are not so extreme that they fly over the average listener's head. It's a good balance.|20px|20px|John Campbell|Lamb of God biography<ref>[http://www.sonybmgmusic.co.uk/artist_spotlight/lamb_of_god/biog/ Artist Bio on Sony BMG, ret. 02/28/07]</ref>}}

'''Protocol II''' "''develops and supplements Article 3 [relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts] common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 without modifying its existing conditions of application''" . It states in Article 4.a "''Violence to the life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular murder as well as cruel treatment such as torture, mutilation or any form of corporal punishment;''", Article 4.b "''Outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, rape, enforced prostitution and any form of indecent assault;''" and Article 4.h "''Threats to commit any of the foregoing acts''". There are other clauses in other articles which entreat humane treatment of enemy personnel in an internal conflict, which have a bearing on the use of torture, but there are no other clauses which explicitly mentions torture.

===Other conventions===

During the [[Cold War]], in Europe a treaty called [[European Convention on Human Rights]] was signed. The treaty was based on the [[UDHR]]. It included the provision for a court to interpret the treaty and Article 3 "''Prohibition of torture''" stated "''No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment''".

In 1978 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled that the five techniques of "[[sensory deprivation]]" were not torture but were "''inhuman or degrading treatment''". See [[Uses_of_torture_in_recent_times#United_Kingdom|Accusations of use of torture by United Kingdom]] for details. This case was 9 years before the UNCAT came into force and had an influence on States thinking about what constitutes torture ever since.

===Supervision of anti-torture treaties===

In times of armed conflict between a signatory of the Geneva conventions and another party, delegates of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) monitor the compliance of signatory to the Geneva Conventions, which includes monitoring the use of torture.

The [[Istanbul Protocol]], an official UN document, is the first set of international guidelines for documentation of torture and its consequences. It became a United Nations official document in 1999.

The ''European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment'' (CPT) "shall, by means of visits, examine the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty with a view to strengthening, if necessary, the protection of such persons from torture and from inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." as stipulated in Article 1 of the ''European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment''{{ref|CPT}}

Human rights organizations, such as [[Amnesty International]], are actively involved in working to stop the use of torture throughout the world and publish reports on any activities they consider to be torture.

{{sectstub}}

===Domestic and national law===

Countries which have signed the "United Nations Convention Against Torture", have a treaty obligation to include the provisions into domestic law. The laws of many countries therefore formally prohibit torture. However, such ''[[de jure]]'' legal provisions are by no means a proof that, ''[[de facto]]'', the signatory country does not use torture.

To prevent torture, many legal systems have a [[right against self-incrimination]] or explicitly prohibit undue force when dealing with suspects.

Torture was abolished in [[England]] about 1640 (except [[peine forte et dure]] which was only abolished in 1772), in [[Scotland]] in 1708, in [[Prussia]] in 1740, in [[Denmark]] around 1770, in [[Russia]] in 1801.{{ref|ccel}}{{ref|tiscali}}

The [[France|French]] 1789 [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]], of constitutional value, prohibits submitting suspects to any hardship not necessary to secure his person. Statute law explicitly makes torture a crime. In addition, statute law prohibits the police or justice from interrogating suspects under oath.

The United States includes this protection in the [[United States Constitution/Amendment Five|fifth amendment]] to its constitution, which in turn serves as the basis of the [[Miranda warning]] that is issued to individuals upon their arrest. Additionally, the US Constitution's [[United_States_Constitution/Amendment_Eight|eighth amendment]] expressly forbids the use of "cruel and unusual punishments", which is widely interpreted as a prohibition of the use of torture.

==Use of torture==

'''Recent times''' in the context of this article is from [[December 10]], [[1948]] when the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] was adopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].

===Torture in the past===

[[Image:homosexuality_Spanish_Inquisition.jpg|thumb|260px|right|[[Roman Catholic Church|Holy Roman Catholic Church]] officials presiding over the torture of a man suspected to be a heretic before his subsequent [[execution (legal)|execution]] during the [[Spanish Inquisition]]. ''Circa 1700 AD''. According to [[Herrera Puga]] the authorities: <br> ''"placed no limits on the means; in this way they used the [[Rack (torture)|rack]], the [[Whip|lash]], [[fire]], etc. In some cases... they applied padlocked irons to the flesh which even led to the [[amputation]] of a [[hand]]..."'' ]]

Torture was used by many governments and countries in the past. In the Roman Republic, for example, a slave's testimony was admissible ''only'' if it was extracted by torture, on the assumption that slaves could not be trusted to reveal the truth voluntarily.

In much of Europe, medieval and early modern courts freely inflicted torture, depending on the accused's crime and the social status of the suspect. Torture was seen as a legitimate means for justice to extract confessions, or obtain the names of accomplices or other information about the crime. Often, defendants sentenced to death would be tortured prior to execution, so as to have a last chance that they disclose the names of their accomplices. Torture in the [[Medieval Inquisition]] was used starting in 1252 although its use in Catholic countries was putatively forbidden by papal bull in 1816. Within that time frame, men of considerable means delighted in building their own torture chambers, quite literally kidnapping innocent citizens of low birth off the streets and subjecting them to procedures of their own invention, taking careful notes as to what techniques were more or less effective, and which body parts more or less receptive thereto. In the [[Middle Ages]] especially and up into the [[18th century]], torture was considered a legitimate way to obtain [[testimony|testimonies]] and [[confession]]s from [[suspect]]s for use in judicial inquiries and [[trial (law)|trial]]s. While, in some instances, the secular courts were known for rather more ferocious treatment than the religious, it is true that many of the most vicious procedures were inflicted, not upon stubborn prisoners by governments, but upon pious heretics by even more pious friars. For example, the [[Dominicans]] gained a reputation as some of the most fearsomely creative torturers in medieval Spain.

One of the most common forms of medieval inquisition torture was known as [[strappado]]. The hands were bound behind the back with a rope, and the accused was suspended this way, dislocating the joints painfully in both arms. Weights could be added to the legs dislocating those joints as well. Other torture methods could include [[the rack]] (stretching the victim&rsquo;s joints to breaking point), the [[thumbscrew]], the [[boot (torture)|boot]] (some versions of which crushed the calf, ankle, and heel between vertically positioned boards, while others tortured the instep and toes between horizontally oriented plates), water (massive quantities of water forcibly ingested——or even mixed with urine, pepper, diarrhea, <i>etc.</i>, for additional persuasiveness), and red-hot pincers (typically applied to fingers, toes, ears, noses, and nipples, although one tubular version [the "crocodile shears"] was specially devised for application to the penis in cases of regicide), although it was technically against church policy to mutilate a person's body. If stronger methods were needed, or death, the person was handed over to the secular authorities who were not bound by any restrictions.

In 1613 [[Anton Praetorius]] described the situation of the prisoners in the dungeons in his book "Gründlicher Bericht über Zauberey und Zauberer" (Thorough Report about Sorcery and Sorcerers). He was one of the first to protest against all means of torture.

===Torture in recent times===

{{main|Uses of torture in recent times}}

Torture remains a frequent method of repression in [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] regimes, [[terrorism|terrorist organizations]] and [[organized crime]]. In authoritarian regimes, torture is often used to extract confessions from political dissenters, so that they admit to being [[spy|spies]] or [[conspirator]]s, probably manipulated by some foreign country. Most notably, such a dynamic of forced confessions marked the justice system of the [[Soviet Union]] (thoroughly described in [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s ''[[The Gulag Archipelago|Gulag Archipelago]]'').

Some Western democratic governments have on occasions resorted to torture, or acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, of people thought to possess information perceived to be vital for national security which can not be obtained quickly by other methods.

Many countries find it expedient from time to time to use techniques of a kind used in torture; at the same time few wish to be described as doing so, either to their own citizens or international bodies. So a variety of devices are used to bridge this gap, including state [[plausible deniability|denial]], "secret police", "need to know", denial that given treatments are torturous in nature, appeal to various laws (national or international), use of [[judicial jurisdiction|jurisdictional argument]], claim of "overriding need", and so on. Torture has been a tool of many states throughout history and for many states it remains so (unofficially and when expedient and desired) today.

Despite worldwide condemnation and the existence of treaty provisions that forbid it, torture is still practiced in two thirds of the world's nations. {{ref|nyt_2004_05_23}}.

:''Images of the body of [[Muzafar Avazov]], an Uzbekistan man apparently killed by torture in 2002, as an example of the effect of torture on a human body, can be found in that article. (Warning: graphic content)''

Perhaps not surprisingly, some medieval techniques of torture remain in wide use today. For example, tearing out the nails of the fingers and toes with pliers——sometimes after first driving sharp needles into the exquisitely tender flesh underneath——remains a favorite tool of the twenty-first century torturer's arsenal. Although slowly roasting the soles of the bare feet over hot coals is, perhaps, a bit low-tech, the Russian KGB was certainly not above achieving the same purpose by using the flat, red-hot surface of an everyday clothes iron. Bizarre methods of confinement that take advantage of modern medical knowledge are also quite common, if rather low-tech. The prisoner——suitably bound to deter the expected range of reactive motion——may be connected to an electrical apparatus, where wires are wound around his fingers and toes and an electric probe is used to deliver current to his genitals. A signal generator and attached voltmeter precisely control the intensity of the pain so inflicted. Modern torturers also avail themselves of pharmacological techniques that were, of course, utterly unavailable in ages past: an example is the injection of drugs that heighten the human brain's perception of, and reaction to, pain ''before'' any physical torture is actually employed.

====Torture by proxy====

In 2003, [[Britain]]'s Ambassador to [[Uzbekistan]], [[Craig Murray]], made accusations that information was being extracted under extreme torture from dissidents in that country, and that the information was subsequently being used by Western, democratic countries which officially disapproved of torture {{ref|telegraph_2004_10_23}}.

The accusations did not lead to any investigation by his employer, the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], and he resigned after disciplinary action was taken against him in 2004. No misconduct by him was proven. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office itself is being investigated by the [[National Audit Office]] because of accusations of victimisation, bullying and intimidating its own staff {{ref|stimes_2005_03_20}}.

Murray later stated that he felt that he had unwittingly stumbled upon what has elsewhere been called "[[torture by proxy]]"{{ref|newyorker_2005_02_14}} and with the euphemism of "[[extraordinary rendition]]". He thought that Western countries moved people to regimes and nations where it was known that information would be extracted by torture, and made available to them. This he alleged was a circumvention and violation of any agreement to abide by international treaties against torture. If it was true that a country was doing this and it had signed the [[#United Nations Convention Against Torture|UN Convention Against Torture]] then that country would be in specific breach of Article 3 of that convention.

==Types of torture==

*Physical torture uses physical pain to inflict torment and is the most well known form of torture.

*Psychological torture uses psychological pain to inflict torment and less well known because its effects are often invisible to others. It uses non-physical methods to induce pain in the subject's mental, emotional, and psychological states. Since there is no international political concensus on what constitutes psychological torture, it is often overlooked, denied and called other things. Despite this, some of its most prominent victims such as United States Senator [[John McCain]] have stated that it is the ultimate form of torture.

*Psychiatric torture uses psychiatric diagnoses and their associated psychiatric treatments to torture ''sane'' people for political, religious, or familial reasons. It was a common form of torture against political prisoners in the former Soviet Union. Mild forms of psychiatric torture have been used in the United States military against otherwise sane dissenting officers. Some religous groups who [[shun]] dissenting members, a form of psychological torture, also attempt to use psychiatric torture to ''falsely'' diagnosis mental disorders so that ongoing shaming is possible. Psychiatric torture also occurs in [[parental alienation]] and in divorce cases where false allegations or diagnoses of mental illness are solicited and used to torture and/or control the other parent/spouse within the legal system.

*Pharmalogical torture uses psychotropic and/or other chemicals to induce pain and cause compliance with torturer's goals.

==Roles in torture==

*The tortured

*The torturer

*The bystander

*The professional assistant

*The official

*Any spectators

{{expandsect}}

==Aspects of torture==

The use of torture has been criticized not only on humanitarian and moral grounds, but on the grounds that evidence extracted by torture tends to be extremely unreliable and that the use of torture corrupts institutions which tolerate it.

The purpose of torture is often as much to force acquiescence on an enemy, or destroy a person psychologically from within, as it is to gain information, and its effects endure long after the torture itself has ended. In this sense torture is often described by survivors as "never ending". ''See [[Psychology of torture]]'' to study the psychological effects associated with torture.

===Incrimination of innocent people===

One well documented effect of torture is that with rare exceptions people will say or do anything to escape the situation, including untrue "confessions" and implication of others without genuine knowledge, who may well then be tortured in turn. There are rare exceptions, such as Admiral [[James Stockdale]], [[Medal of Honor]] winner, and [[F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas]], [[George Cross|G.C.]], who refused to provide information under torture.

=== Secrecy/publicity ===

Depending on the culture, torture has at times been carried on in silence (official denial), semi-silence (known but not spoken about) or openly acknowledged in public (in order to instill fear and obedience).

Since torture is in general not accepted in modern times, professional torturers in some countries tend to use techniques such as electrical shock, asphyxiation, heat, cold, noise, and sleep deprivation which leave little evidence, although in other contexts torture frequently results in horrific mutilation or death. Evidence of torture also comes from the testimony of witnesses.

===Motivation to torture===

It was long thought that "good" people would not torture and only "bad" ones would, under normal circumstances. Research over the past 50 years suggests a disquieting alternative view, that under the right circumstances and with the appropriate encouragement and setting, most people can be encouraged to actively torture others. Stages of torture mentality include:

* Reluctant or peripheral participation

* Official encouragement: As the [[Stanford prison experiment]] and [[Milgram experiment]] show, many people will follow the direction of an authority figure (such as a superior officer) in an official setting (especially if presented as a compulsory obligation), even if they have personal uncertainty. The main motivations for this appear to be fear of loss of status or respect, and the desire to be seen as a "good citizen" or "good subordinate".

* Peer encouragement: to accept torture as necessary, acceptable or deserved, or to comply from a wish to not reject peer group beliefs. At worst this leads to torture gangs roaming the streets seeking dominant torture status.

* Dehumanization: seeing victims as objects of curiosity and experimentation, where pain becomes just another test to see how it affects the victim.

* Disinhibition: socio-cultural and situational pressures may cause torturers to undergo a lessening of moral inhibitions and as a result act in ways not normally countenanced by law, custom and conscience.

* Organisationally, like many other procedures, once torture becomes established as part of internally acceptable norms under certain circumstances, its use often becomes institutionalised and self-perpetuating over time, as what was once used exceptionally for perceived necessity finds more reasons claimed to justify wider use.

===Medical torture===

''Main article: [[Medical torture]]''

At times, medicine and medical practitioners have been drawn into the ranks of torturers, either to judge what victims can endure, to apply treatments which will enhance torture, or as torturers in their own right. An infamous example of the latter is [[Josef Mengele|Dr. Josef Mengele]], known then by inmates of Auschwitz as the "Angel of Death".

===Torture murder===

''Main article: [[Torture murder]]''

Torture murder is a term given to the commission of torture by an individual or small group, as part of a [[sadism|sadistic]] or [[murder]]ous agenda. Such murderers are often [[serial killers]], who kill their victims by slowly torturing them to death over a prolonged period of time, and is usually preceded by a [[kidnap]]ping where the killer will take the victim to a secluded or isolated ___location.

=== Subjugation of civilian populations ===

Although information gathered by toture is often worthless, toture has been used to terrorize and subdue populations to enforce state control. This was a central theme of [[George Orwell]]'s [[Nineteen_Eighty-Four]]. cf: [[Gulag]], [[Camp X-ray]].

=== Effects of torture ===

Organizations like the [[Medical Foundation for Care of Victims of Torture]] try to help survivors of torture obtain medical treatment and to gain [[forensic]] medical [[Evidence (law)|evidence]] to obtain [[refugee|political asylum]] in a safe country and/or to prosecute the perpetrators.

Torture is often difficult to prove, particularly when some time has passed between the event and a medical examination. Many torturers around the world use methods designed to have a maximum psychological impact while leaving only minimal physical traces. Medical and Human Rights Organizations worldwide have collaborated to produce the [[Istanbul Protocol]], a document designed to outline common torture methods, consequences of torture and medico-legal examination techniques. Typically deaths due to torture are shown in autopsy as being due to "natural causes" <ref>{http://action.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/102405/]</ref> like heart attack, inflammation or embolism due to extreme stress.

For survivors, torture often leads to lasting mental and physical health problems.

Physical problems can be wide-ranging, e.g. [[sexually transmitted diseases]], musculo-skeletal problems, [[brain injury]], post-traumatic [[epilepsy]] and [[dementia]] or chronic pain syndromes.

Mental health problems are equally wide-ranging; common are [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], [[clinical depression|depression]] and [[anxiety disorder]].

Treatment of torture-related medical problems might require a wide range of expertise and often specialized experience. Common treatments are [[psychotropic]] [[medication]], e.g. [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRI]] [[antidepressants]], [[counseling]], [[Cognitive Behavioural Therapy]], [[family systems therapy]] and [[physiotherapy]].

Main article, see [[Psychology of torture]] for psychological impact, and aftermath, of torture.

== Physical torture devices and methods ==

It is plainly evident that, since the earliest times, tremendous ingenuity has been devoted to devising ever more effective and mechanically simpler instruments and techniques of torture. That those capable of applying such genius to the science of pain could in future employ their capabilities in other directions was not lost on the authorities: for example, after Perillos of Athens demonstrated his newly invented [[brazen bull]] to Phalaris, Tyrant of Agrigentum, Perillos himself was immediately put inside to test it, but he was removed before he died.

Torture does not require complex equipment. Several methods need little or no equipment and can even be improvised from innocuous household or kitchen equipment. Methods such as consumption by wild animals ([[Ancient history|antiquity]]), [[impalement]] (Middle Ages) or confinement in iron boxes in the tropical sun (World War II Asia), are examples of other methods which required little more than readily available items.

=== Torture using chemicals ===

Torture victims may be forced to ingest chemicals or other products (such as broken glass, heated water, or soaps) that cause pain and internal damage.

After two well received releases and a DVD (''[[Terror and Hubris]]'') on Prosthetic Records, the band signed a new recording contract with Epic Records in late 2003. Their first release for the label, ''[[Ashes of the Wake]]'', debuted at #27 on the Billboard Top 200 chart and has sold over 250,500 copies in the U.S. to date [http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/article/?id=45364].

Irritating chemicals or products may be inserted into the [[rectum]] or [[vagina]], or applied on the external [[genitalia]]. Cases of women being punished for [[adultery]] by having [[hot pepper]]s inserted into their vaginas were reported in [[India]]. Similar means were used in many instances in [[Africa]]n strife.

On [[August 29]], [[2005]], the band announced that their DVD ''[[Killadelphia (DVD)|Killadelphia]]'', which chronicles the band on tour supporting ''Ashes of the Wake'', had received Gold certification from the [[RIAA]]. The DVD features a complete live performance at the [[Trocadero]] in October 2004 in [[Philadelphia]], and also contains three of their music videos, commentary by the band, outtakes, soundchecks, and plenty of backstage shenanigans.

=== Electrical torture ===

A modern method of torture is to apply electrical shocks to the body. For added effects, torturers may apply the shocks to the genitalia or insert the [[electrode]] into the [[mouth]], rectum or vagina. Devices used in electrical torture include the [[picana]], the [[parrila]], and hand-cranked generators such as the [[Tucker telephone]].

On [[January 25]], [[2006]], a press release announced the re-release of Lamb of God's debut album, ''[[New American Gospel]]''. The original, along with the self-titled debut ''[[Burn the Priest (album)|Burn the Priest]]'', were both produced by Steve Austin, known for his work with [[Today Is the Day]], [[Converge (band)|Converge]], and [[Unsane]]. The re-release will be remastered and repackaged with four new tracks, exclusive liner notes from the band and a re-imaging of the album art by longtime band collaborator Ken Adams. The album was re-released on [[April 4]], [[2006]].

===Physical torture methods ===

* [[Bastinado]]

* [[Strike (attack)|Beating]]s and [[abuse|physical violence]]

* [[Boiling to death|Boiling]]

* [[Burning]]

* The [[Boot (torture)|boot]]

* [[Child abuse]] (physical)

* [[Castration]]

* [[Chinese Water Torture]]

* [[Denailing]]

* [[Disfigurement]]

* [[Drowning]] or [[Water cure]]

* [[Elder Abuse]] (physical)

* [[Flagellation]]

* [[Flaying]]

* [[Foot roasting]]

* [[Foot whipping]]

* [[Goat tongue]]

* [[Kneecapping]]

* [[Mancuerda]]

* [[Peine forte et dure]] (Pressing)

* [[Picquet]]

* [[Pitchcapping]]

* [[Rape]], [[Incest]] and other forms of [[sexual assault]]

* [[Scaphism]]

* [[Sensory deprivation]]

* [[Shabach technique]]

* [[Sleep deprivation]]

* [[Sound]] ([[amplifier|Extremely high volumes]], [[dynamic range]], [[frequency|low frequency]] or noise intended to interfere with rest, [[cognition]] and [[concentration]])

* The [[Spanish boot]]

* [[Squassation]]

* [[Strappado]] (also known as "[[reverse hanging]]" and "[[Palestinian hanging]]")

* [[Ta'liq (torture)|Ta'liq]] hanging from a metal bar. "Kentucky Chicken"

* [[Tickling]]

* [[Water boarding]]

* [[Flagellation|Whipping]]

Their newest album, ''[[Sacrament (album)|Sacrament]]'', was met with immediate success, debuting at #8 on the U.S. Billboard charts. The same day ''Sacrament'' was released, the band's fan club The Congregation was launched.

===Torture devices===

If it occurs to the reader that quite a variety of torture devices were applied to the foot, please note that this makes a tremendous amount of sense. Specifically, since torture aims to inflict unbearable pain for as long as possible without causing imposing any threat to the prisoner's life, this is most easily achieved by ensuring that the torturer's work is performed at the maximum possible distance from the brain and vital organs. The body part that is maximally removed from both the brain and vital organs is, quite obviously, the foot.

Before the release of ''Sacrament'', the band took part in the 2006 [[The Unholy Alliance (tour)|The Unholy Alliance]] tour in [[North America]] with [[Slayer]], [[Mastodon (band)|Mastodon]], [[Children of Bodom]], and [[Thine Eyes Bleed]], and in [[Europe]] with [[In Flames]] instead of Mastodon. After ''Sacrament'' was released, they joined onto the North American portion of [[Gigantour]], headlined by [[Megadeth]] and including [[Arch Enemy (band)|Arch Enemy]], [[Opeth]], and [[Overkill (band)|Overkill]]. They were touring Europe.

* [[Brazen bull]]

* [[Breaking wheel]]

* [[Foot press]]

* [[Iron maiden (torture device)|Iron Maiden]]

* [[Judas Chair]]

* [[Mancuerda]]

* [[Peace breaker's muzzle]]

* [[Pear of Anguish]]

* [[Pillory]]

* [[Rack (torture)|Rack]]

* [[Scavenger's daughter]]

* [[Scold's bridle]]

* [[Spanish boot]]

* [[Stocks]]

* [[Tablillas]]

* [[Thumbscrew]]

* [[Tucker telephone]]

They have also toured with [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]], [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], and [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]]. They have also been long time friends with the band [[GWAR]], having come from the same city and most members from the same college.

=== Methods of execution and capital punishment ===

Any method of [[execution (legal)|execution]] which involves, or has the potential to involve, a great deal of pain or mutilation is considered to be torture and unacceptable to many who support [[capital punishment]]. Some of these, if halted soon enough, may not have fatal effects.

* [[Burning at the stake]]

* [[Strike (attack)|Beating]]

* [[Boiling to death]]

* [[Burial alive]]

* [[Brazen bull|Roasting in the brazen bull]]

* [[Crucifixion]]

* [[Crushing]]

* [[Disembowelment]]

* [[Drawing and quartering]]

* [[Eaten alive]] (eg by wild beasts)

* [[Electric chair]]

* [[Garroting]]

* [[Gas chamber]]

* [[Hanging]] (no drop or short drop)

* [[Impalement|Impaling]]

* [[Lethal injection]] (supposed to be next to painless, but agonizingly painful if the anaesthetic drugs fail to keep the paralysed victim unconscious as he dies (as with [[John Wayne Gacy]]))

* [[Necklacing]]

* [[Sawing]]

* [[Stoning]]

* "[[Scaphism|The boats]]": see [[Scaphism]]

Lamb of God has been nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Metal Performance" for the song "Redneck" from ''Sacrament'' in 2006 for the 49th annual Grammy Awards.

==Psychological torture methods==

*[[Mock execution]]

*Extended [[solitary confinement]]

*Being forced to witness atrocities including torture

*Being forced to commit atrocities including torture

*Being held incommunicado

*Extended sleep deprivation

*Total sensory deprivation

*Conditions of detention

*[[Shunning]]

*Covert (non-contact) [[Incest]]

*Threats

*[[Shaming]], being stripped naked, forced participation in or witnessing of sexual activity, public condemnation.

On February 9, 2007 Lamb of God made their national television debut on [[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]. They played "Pathetic" from ''Sacrament''.

==Pharmacological Torture Methods==

* Forced ingestion or injection of psychotropic drugs

* Forced ingestion or injection of nerve stimulants (histamines, aminazine, triflouro perazine-stelazine.)

* Forced injection of faecal matter

* Forced ingestion of sulphur or poison (thallium)

On February 29th, the band was confirmed to play the UK's [[Download Festival]] 2007. The band is also confirmed as one of the headlining acts in this year's [[Ozzfest]] tour alongside [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Static-X]], and [[Lordi]].

==Quotes==

Philip Limborch, a preacher and able annotator, quotes in his ''History of the Inquisition'', a writer of the name of [[Julius Clarus]], whom it would appear formed a very forcible idea of the powers of imagination, since he allows them four parts in five of the torments decreed by that satanic tribunal. Limborch represents Clarus as saying, "Know that there are five degrees of torture, videlicit, first, the torture of being threatened to be tortured; secondly, the torture of being conveyed to the place of torture; thirdly, the torture of being, and bound for torture; fourthly, the torture of being hoisted on the torturing rack; and fifthly, and lastly, the torture of [[squassation]]."

==Equipment==

== Other meanings of the word ==

{| class="wikitable"

Especially in countries where citizens can expect to be spared routine exposure to real torture, the word "torture" is used loosely (and to some people, inappropriately) for ordinary, even accidental discomforts. For example, "I was stuck in a traffic jam for three hours today, it was torture!"

| Randy Blythe

|

*[[Sennheiser]] microphones

|-

| Chris Adler

|

*[[Mapex Drums|Mapex]] Saturn Series Drums

*Mapex 13 inch Black Panther Birdseye-maple snare

*[[Meinl Percussion]] Cymbals w/ Signature MB20 Ride

*Pro-Mark TX5AX Drum Sticks

*Gibraltar Drum Hardware

*Aquarian Drumheads

*Axis pedals

|-

| Mark Morton

|

*[[Jackson Guitars|Jackson]] Mark Morton Dominion w/ Seymour Duncan '59s Tobacco

*Jackson Mark Morton Dominion w/ Seymour Duncan '59s Wine Drunk

*[[Gibson Les Paul]] Standard Gold

*GHS Boomer Strings 10-52

*Mesa Mark IV amplifier head w/ 9 Mesa 4x12 cab (2 of them work, the other seven are for show)

*1.14mm Dunlop picks

*Sennheiser wireless system

*Rocktron Hush Super C

*Dunlop Crybaby Wah Pedal

*MXR GT-OD Pedal

*MXR EVH Phase 90

*Boss TU-2 Chromatic Tuner

|-

| Will Adler

|

*[[ESP Guitars|ESP]] Will Alder Signature Model

*ESP Eclipse Quilt Blue w/ gold edging

*ESP Eclipse Quilt Red w/ gold edging

*ESP Eclipse Will Adler Signature Eclipse(Camoflague)

*ESP-LTD EX-400BD

*GHS Boomer Strings 10-52

*Mesa Mark IV amplifer head w/ Framus 4x12 cabs

*Sennheiser wireless system

|-

| John Campbell

|

*[[Peavey]] Millennium 4 bass

*[[Jackson]] C20 concert basses (yellow)

*Dean Markley bass strings

*Mesa 400+ watt tube bass amplifier w/ two Mesa Roadready 8x10 cabs

*Sennheiser wireless system

*Tech 21 Sans Amp Bass Driver DI

*DBX 266XL Compressor/Gate

|}

Mark Morton endorses Jackson Guitars, GHS Strings, Dunlop Electronics, and Rocktron Electronics. Will Adler endorses ESP guitars and GHS Strings.

Rather paradoxically the term is also commonly used in [[BDSM]], where similar methods to inflict pain and/or humiliation are used, though generally in mitigated form, as games, i.e. for the inverse purpose of giving the 'players' sexual and/or fetish pleasure from inflicting and/or enduring the 'torturous' discipline. This is even true for techniques such as [[genitorture]], which can only be used in a virtual parody since the real thing implies unacceptable medical risks.

Both Morton and Will use [[drop D tuning]] (D-A-D-G-B-E) primarily, also [[standard tuning]] (E-A-D-G-B-E) and [[open D tuning]] (D-A-D-G-B-D) on certain songs. John Campbell also uses drop D tuning (D-A-D-G).

The root word of torture is 'to twist'. It means to apply torque, to turn abnormally, to distort, or to strain.

== EtymologyDiscography==

'''See:''' [[Lamb of God discography]] for a complete discography.

The word came from [[Latin]] ''tortura'' for *''torqu-tura'', originally meaning "act of twisting".

===Studio albums===

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

|'''Cover'''

|'''Title'''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - New American Gospel.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[New American Gospel]]'''''

*Released: [[September 26]], [[2000]]

*Chart Positions:-

*U.S. Sales: 100,000+

*Label(s): [[Prosthetic Records]]<br>

*Singles: ''Black Label''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - As the Palaces Burn.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[As the Palaces Burn]]'''''

*Released: [[May 6]], [[2003]]

*Chart Positions:#7 U.S. Top Heatseekers

*U.S. Sales: 200,000+

*Label(s): [[Prosthetic Records]]

*Singles: ''Ruin'', ''11th Hour'', ''As the Palaces Burn''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb_of_God_-_Ashes_of_the_Wake.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|''[[Ashes of the Wake]]''

*Released: [[August 31]], [[2004]]

*Chart Positions: #27 U.S.

*U.S. Sales: 400,000+

*Label(s): [[Epic Records]]

*Singles: ''Laid to Rest'', ''Now You've Got Something to Die For''

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Lamb of God - Sacrament.jpg|center|135px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Sacrament (album)|Sacrament]]'''''

*Released: [[August 22]], [[2006]]

*Chart Positions: #8 U.S.

*U.S. Sales: 300,000+

*Label(s): [[Epic Records]]

*Singles: ''Redneck'', ''Walk with Me in Hell''

|-

|}

== See also Members==

===Current members===

* [[Extraordinary rendition]]

*[[Randy Blythe]] - [[singer|vocals]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1995)-present)

* [[Interrogation]]

*[[Mark Morton (musician)|Mark Morton]] - [[electric guitar|guitar]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

* [[Incarceration]]

*[[Willie Adler]] - guitar (1999-present)

* [[Physical abuse]]

*[[John Campbell (bassist)|John Campbell]] - [[bass guitar]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

* [[Psychology of torture]]

*[[Chris Adler]] - [[drum kit|drums]] ([[Burn the Priest]] (1990)-present)

* [[Country Reports on Human Rights Practices]]

* [[Ethical arguments regarding torture]]

* [[McCain Detainee Amendment]]

* [[Elaine Scarry]], author of ''The Body in Pain''

==Video game involvement==

==Further reading==

* "Laid to Rest" is featured in [[Guitar Hero II]].

* Glasser, William, ''WARNING: Psychiatry Can be Dangerous to Your Health'', (?), 2004.

* "Black Label" is featured in [[Tony Hawk's Underground 2]].

* Millet, Kate, ''The Politics of Cruelty: An Essay onf the Literature of Political Imprisonment'', W.W. Norton, 1994.

* Lamb of God's music can also be found in [[BaboViolent 2]].

* Peters, Edward, ''Torture'', Basil Blackwell, 1985.

* "Redneck" is featured in [[ATV Offroad Fury 4]].

* Stover, Eric, and Nightingale, Elena, ''The Breaking of Bodies and Minds: Torture, Psychiatric Abuse, and the Health Professions'', W. H. Freeman, 1985.

* "Redneck" is also featured in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Street#NFL_Street_3 NFL Street 3].

* William Sampson, ''Confessions of an Innocent Man: Torture and Survival in a Saudi Prison'', McClelland and Stewart Ltd (2005), hardcover, 419 pages, ISBN 0771079036

==Wall External linksof Death==

{{main|Wall of Death}}

*Torture in the past

The wall of death occurs at the beginning of the song "Black Label," usually the last song in the set. The crowd divides to the left and right sides of the floor area, and then on Blythe's direction, run wildly towards the other side. This is much more intense than [[circle pit]]s, which are also seen at Lamb of God concerts.

** [http://www.medieval-castles.org/torture.htm Medieval Torture Devices - Information]

** [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/july/whipped-slave.htm Account of Slave Torture] in 1863

*Psychological Torture

** [http://www.humiliationstudies.org/documents/ThukralFinalHumiliation.pdf Understanding Shame and Humiliation in Torture]

*Psychology of torture

** [http://www.torturecare.org.uk Medical Foundation for Care of Victims of Torture]

** [http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99996727 Everyone Is a Potential torturer], ''New Scientist'', 25 November 2004, reporting on

*** Fiske et al., SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Why Ordinary People Torture Enemy Prisoners, ''Science'' 2004 306: 1482-1483

* Ethical arguments regarding torture

** [http://montages.blogspot.com/2005/01/when-doctors-go-to-war.html "When Doctors Go to War"]

** [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/006/400rhqav.asp?pg=1 The Truth About Torture] - A defense of government torture.

**[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/06/opinion/06danner.html?oref=login&oref=login&pagewanted=print&position= We Are All Torturers Now] by Mark Danner ''[[New York Times]]'', 6 January 2005 [http://www.markdanner.com/nyt/010605_torturers.htm same article on Danner's website]

** [http://www.slate.com/id/2119122/nav/ais/ What Is Torture? An interactive primer on American interrogation] by Emily Bazelon, Phillip Carter, and Dahlia Lithwick, [[May 26]], [[2005]] for ''Slate'' A Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive Company

** [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/30/AR2005063001680.html The Stain of Torture] by [[Burton J. Lee III]], former presidential physician to George W. Bush [[Washington Post]] [[July 1]], [[2005]]

** [http://news.cincypost.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051104/EDIT/511040330/1003 Torture is a Crime not a policy] [[Cincinnati Post]], [[November 4]], [[2005]]

* Other

** [http://ariwatch.com/Torture.htm Torture and the Ayn Rand Institute]

** [http://www.serendipity.li/hr/torture.htm Torture] can never be justified.

** [http://wwwnew.towson.edu/clt/editorials/peak7.html Torture Is Now Virtuous?] by Alexander S. Peak

* Maps

** [http://www.worldpolicy.org/globalrights/treaties/maps-tort.html United Nations Convention Against Torture ratification map from WorldPolicy.org]

* Mark Bowden article that covers modern methods of torture in The Atlantic.

** [http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200310/bowden ''The Dark Art of Interrogation'']

** [http://www.indybay.org/news/2004/04/1679030_comment.php Photos of US Torture of Iraqi Prisoners At the Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq]

Two Quicktime videos (6-8mb in size) document the wall of death on the video page of the official Lamb of God website, found [http://www.lamb-of-god.com/sacrament/gallery/photos.php?getNumb=3&cat=Video here].

==Footnotes==

<!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]]-->

# {{note|CPT}} [http://www.cpt.coe.int/ European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT)]

# {{note|ccel}} [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/hcc4/htm/i.vi.viii.htm History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. Chapter VI. Morals And Religion: Page 80:''The Torture''] by Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)

# {{note|tiscali}} [http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0013250.html Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia: ''Torture'']

#{{note|1104-07}}[http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1104-07.htm Organizations, Local Governments, Veterans, and the Public Urge End to US Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment] [[November 4]] [[2005]]. On the "Common Dreams a NewsWire" a "Progressive Community NewsWire".

#{{note|WP2005.11.05}}[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/05/AR2005110500410.html Cheney Seeks CIA Exemption to Torture Ban] by David Espo and Liz Sidoti for [[The Associated Press]] in the [[Washington Post]] [[November 5]] [[2005]]

#{{note|nyt_2004_05_23}}[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/opinion/23HOCH.html?ex=1086315207&ei=1&en=dd8a4b003ac8f504 New York Times, Sunday, May 23, 2004] This link needs fixing. See the references [http://hnn.us/articles/5352.html in this link]. This could be one of two articles.

#* Susan Sontag, "Regarding the Torture of Others: Notes on what has been done – and why – to prisoners, by Americans," New York Times Magazine, Sunday, May 23, 2004, 24-29, 42.[http://www.southerncrossreview.org/35/sontag.htm alternative source]

#* Adam Hochschild, "What’s in a Word? Torture" New York Times, Sunday, May 23, 2004, Week in Review. May 23 may go down as the day on which a number of commentators finally faced up to the practice of torture – on [http://cbsnewyork.com/topstories/topstories_story_065094819.html 60 Minutes the same evening], Andy Rooney echoed both Sontag and Hochschild. [http://www.peaceredding.org/What's%20in%20a%20Word%20Torture.htm alternative source]

# {{note|telegraph_2004_10_23}} [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/10/23/nenv23.xml&s The envoy silenced after telling undiplomatic truths], [[The Daily Telegraph]] [[23 October]] [[2004]]

# {{note|stimes_2005_03_20}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1533100,00.html "Foreign Office faces probe into 'manipulation'"] by Robert Winnett, ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' [[20 March]] [[2005]]

# {{note|newyorker_2005_02_14}} [http://www.newyorker.com/online/content/?050214on_onlineonly01 Q & A: Torture by Proxy] Jane Mayer answers question asked by Amy Davidson [[The New Yorker]] on [[14 February]] 2005

However, Randy is no longer allowed to orchestrate walls of death, due to health and safety,and also beacause nobody likes it and it is the stupidest act ever, although the crowd sometimes perform the wall of death at the beginning of "Black Label", even if Randy did not ask them to.

{{Wiktionary}}

==References==

<!-- Interlanguage links -->

<references/>

==External links==

*[http://www.lamb-of-god.com Official website]

*[http://www.fansiteproductions.com/lambofgod/ The Congregation] - official fansite

*[http://www.myspace.com/lambofgod Lamb of God] at [[MySpace]]

*[http://www.lambofgod.tv Lamb of God] at [[Sony Music]]

*[http://www.sacrament2006.com Sample of ''Sacrament'']

*[http://www.rockdetector.com/interviews/artist,5087.sm?id=143 Interview with Lamb of God] at [[Rockdetector]]

*[http://www.greatfallstribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061018/LIFESTYLE/610180306/1024 Interview with Willie Adler], ''[[Great Falls Tribune]]'', [[2006-10-18]]

{{LambOfGod}}

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