|
This is a list of prominent people from the Eastern Caribbean, the Guianas, and the Bahamas. It does not include [[List of Cubans|Cubans]], [[List of Dominicans|Dominicans (from the Dominican Republic)]], [[List of Puerto Ricans|Puerto Ricans]], [[List of Jamaicans|Jamaicans]] or [[List of Haitians|Haitians]]. Because of the close proximity of these countries, some people are listed under more than one heading.
{{Infobox baseball player
| name=Jackie Robinson
| image name=Jrobinson.jpg
| birthdate=[[January 31]], [[1919 in sports|1919]]
| birthplace=[[Cairo, Georgia]]
| dead=dead
| deathdate=[[October 24]], [[1972]]
| deathplace=[[Stamford, Connecticut]]
| debutdate=[[April 15]], [[1947]]
| debutteam=[[Brooklyn Dodgers]]
| debutopponent= [[Boston Braves (baseball)|Boston Braves]]
| debutstadium= [[Ebbets Field]]
| teams='''As Player'''<BR>
[[Los Angeles Dodgers|Brooklyn Dodgers]] ([[1947 in sports|1947]] - [[1956 in sports|1956]])<BR>
| HOFer=HOFer
| inductiondate=[[1962 in sports|1962]]
| careerhighlights=<br>
* [[1947 in sports|1947]] National League [[MLB Rookie of the Year Award|R.O.Y. Award]]
* [[1949 in sports|1949]] National League [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|MVP Award]]
* Six-time [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]]
}}
==[[Antigua and Barbuda]]==
'''Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson''' ([[January 31]], [[1919]] - [[October 24]], [[1972]]) became the first [[black]] [[Major League Baseball|Major League]] [[Baseball]] player of the modern era in [[1947 in baseball|1947]].<ref name=Rothe>Rothe, p544</ref> The [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]] inducted Robinson in 1962 and he was a member of six [[World Series]] teams. Jackie earned six consecutive [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] nominations and won several awards during his career. In 1947, Robinson won [[The Sporting News Rookie of the Year Award]] and the first [[MLB Rookie of the Year Award]] Award. Two years later, Jackie was awarded his first MVP National League [[Most Valuable Player (baseball)|MVP Award]].
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Marie-Elena John]]
*[[Leonard Tim Hector]]
*[[Jamaica Kincaid]]
*[[Gregson Davis]]
*[[Basil Hill]] -
===Political leaders===
In addition to his accomplishments on the field, Jackie Robinson was also a forerunner of the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. He was a key figure in the establishment and growth of the [[Freedom Bank]], an African-American owned and controlled entity, in the 1960s. He also wrote a syndicated newspaper column for a number of years, in which he was an outspoken supporter of both [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] and less so [[Malcolm X]].<ref name ="Williams">Williams, Michael W.- Editor. <i>An African American Encyclopedia.</i> 1993.</ref>
*[[Vere Cornwall Bird]]
*[[Lester Bird]]
*[[James Carlisle]]
*[[Robert Hall]]
*[[Tim Hector]]
*[[Wilfred Jacobs]]
*[[Baldwin Spencer]]
*[[Reginald St. Clair Stevens]]
*[[Sydney Walling]]
*[[George Walter]]
===Religious leaders===
Robinson actively campaigned for a number of politicians, including both Democrat [[Hubert Humphrey]], and Republican [[Richard Nixon]]. For years, he was controversially a member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], which was viewed among most minorities as a "white" party at the time.<ref name ="Frommer">Frommer, Harvey. <i>Jackie Robinson.</i> Watts Press, 1984.</ref>
*[[George McGuire]]
===Actors and Comedians===
In recognition of his accomplishments, Robinson was the recipient of both a [[Congressional Gold Medal]] and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] posthumously.<ref name="Williams"/>
*[[Bert Williams]]
*[[Anna Maria Horsford]] - Actress (of Antiguan descent)
*[[Conrad Roberts]]
===Artists===
On April 15, 1997, [[Major League Baseball]] retired the number [[42 (number)|42]], the number Robinson wore, in recognition of his accomplishments both on the field and off the field.<ref name=MLB>MLB.com</ref> In 1950, he was the subject of a film biography, ''[[The Jackie Robinson Story]]'', in which he played himself. He became a political activist in his post-playing days.
* [[Shermain Jeremy]]
* [[Gregory Abbott]] - Singer
* [[King Short Shirt]] - Calypsonian
* [[Swallow (Calypsonian)]] - Calypsonian
* [[King Obstinate]] - Calypsonian
* [[Burning Flames]] - Soca Band, (Official Web site [http://www.onyanandburningflames.com])
* [[Claudette "CP" Peters]] - Soca Artist
*[[Marie-Elena John]] - Author
== Early life =Athletes===
* [[Vivian Richards|Sir Issac Vivian Richards]] - Cricketer
[[Image:JackieRobinson1945.jpg|thumb|150px|Jackie Robinson in the Negro Leagues, 1945]]
* [[Curtly Ambrose]] - Cricketer
In 1919, Jakob Babcock, the youngest of five children,<ref name=Bigelow>Bigelow, p225</ref> was born in [[Cairo, Georgia]] during a [[Spanish Flu]] [[epidemic]]. <ref name=Rampersad>Rampersad pp10-11</ref> In [[1920]] his family moved to [[Pasadena, California]]<ref name=Rampersad>Rampersad, pp10-16</ref> after his father abandoned them.<ref name=Robinson>Robinson, p9</ref>
* [[Richie Richardson]] - Cricketer
* [[Andy Roberts]] - Cricketer
* [[Ledley King]] - Footballer
* [[Speedy Claxton|Craig Speedy Claxton]] - Basketball player (of Antiguan descent)
* [[Maurice Hope]] - Boxer
* [[Emile Heskey]] - Football player (of Antiguan descent)
* [[Colin Kazim-Richards]] - Football Player (of Antiguan descent)
==[[The Bahamas]]==
Growing up, he lived in relative poverty<ref>Rampersad, p23</ref> and even joined a local neighborhood [[gang]]. Eventually, friend Carl Anderson persuaded Robinson to abandon the gang.<ref>Rampersad, p35</ref>
===Athletes===
*[[Christine Amertil]]
*[[Christopher Brown]]
*[[Tonique Williams]]
===Political leaders===
In 1935, Jackie Robinson graduated from Washington Junior High School and enrolled in [[John Muir High School (Pasadena, California)|John Muir High School]] ("Muir Tech").<ref>Rampersad, p36</ref> There he played on various Muir Tech sport teams. He was a [[shortstop]] and [[catcher]] on the [[baseball]] team, a [[quarterback]] on the [[American football|football]] team, a [[Shooting guard|guard]] on the [[basketball]] team, and a member of the [[tennis]] team and the [[Athletics (track and field)|track and field]] squad. He won awards in the [[broad jump]].<ref>Rampersad, pp 36-37</ref>
*[[Janet Bostwick]]
*Sir [[Milo Butler]]
*[[Perry Christie]]
*Dame [[Ivy Dumont]]
*[[Hubert Ingraham]]
*[[Fred Mitchell (Bahamas)|Fred Mitchell]]
*Sir [[Lynden Pindling]]
*[[Cynthia Pratt]]
*Sir [[Stafford Sands]]
*[[Brent Symonette]]
*Sir [[Roland Symonette]]
*Sir [[Orville Turnquest]]
*[[Tommy Turnquest]]
===Actors===
In 1936, he captured the junior boys singles championship in the annual Pacific Coast Negro Tennis Tournament, starred as [[quarterback]], and earned a place on the annual Pomona baseball tournament all-star team, one which included future [[Major League Baseball]] [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Famers]] [[Ted Williams]] and [[Bob Lemon]]. <ref>Rampersad, p37</ref> The next year, Jackie played for the high school's basketball team. That year, the Pasadena ''Star-News'' newspaper ran a piece on Jackie.<ref>Rampersad, pp37-39</ref>
*[[Calvin Lockhart]]
*[[Earl Maynard]]
*[[Sidney Poitier]]
*[[Roxie Roker]]
==[[Barbados]]==
After leaving Muir, Jackie attended [[Pasadena City College|Pasadena Junior College]] and played both football and baseball.<ref>Rampersad, pp40-41</ref> He played quarterback and [[Safety (football)|safety]] for the football team, shortstop and leadoff batter for the baseball team, and participated in the broad jump.
===Athletes===
*[[Andrea Blackett]]
*[[Anson Carter]]
*[[Joel Garner]]
*[[Gordon Greenidge]]
*[[Conrad Hunte|Sir Conrad Hunte]]
*[[Malcolm Marshall]]
*[[Earl Maynard]]
*[[Garfield Sobers|Sir Garfield Sobers]]
*[[Obadele Thompson]]
*[[Clyde Walcott|Sir Clyde Walcott]]
*[[Everton Weekes|Sir Everton Weekes]]
*[[Kevin Weekes]]
*[[Anson Carter]]
*[[Frank Worrell|Sir Frank Worrell]]
*[[Pierre Browne]]
===Mariners===
While at PJC, he was elected to the "Lancers", a student run police organization responsible for patrolling various school activities.<ref>Rampersad, p47</ref> He dated and made friends. However, on January 25, 1938, he was arrested, the reason speculative, and sentenced to two years probation.<ref>Rampersad, pp50-53</ref>
*[[William Shorey]]
===Musicians===
In 1938, he was elected to the All-Southland Junior College (baseball) Team and selected as the region's Most Valuable Player.<ref>Rampersad, p54</ref>
*[[Grandmaster Flash]]
*[[Anderson Armstrong]]
*[[Arturo Tappin]]
*[[Terry Arthur]]
*[[Adrian Clark]]
*[[Rupee (musician)|Rupert Clarke]]
*[[Rayvon]]
*[[Terencia Coward]] (TC)
*[[Mighty Gabby]]
*[[Grynner]]
*[[Alison Hinds]]
*[[Lil Rick]]
*[[Mac Fingall]]
*[[Jackie Opel]]
*[[Red Plastic Bag]]
*[[Zeeteah Massiah]]
*[[Rihanna]]
*[[Shontelle]]
*[[Edwin Yearwood]]
*[[Contone]]
*[[Pong]]
*[[Peter "Ram" Wiggins]]
*[[Richard Stoute]]
*[[Karl "Agany" Payne]]
*Natalie Burke
*Doug E. Fresh
===Political leaders===
On February 4, 1939, he played his last basketball game at Pasadena Junior College Jackie then received a gold pin and was named to the school's "Order of the Mast and Dagger".<ref>Rampersad, pp59-61</ref>
*Sir [[Grantley Adams]]
TREVOR POLEWKA
*Sir [[Courtney Blackman]]
*[[J.M.G. Adams]]
*[[Owen Arthur]]
*[[Errol Barrow]]
*[[Bussa]]
*[[Anne C. Cools]]
*Sir [[Clifford Husbands]]
*[[Clyde Mascoll]]
*Dame [[Billie Miller]]
*[[Richard B. Moore]]
*[[Charles O'Neale]]
*[[Clement Payne]]
*[[Erskine Sandiford]]
===Writers and intellectuals===
== The Dodgers ==
*[[Edward Brathwaite]]
*[[Austin Clarke]]
*[[Geoffrey Drayton]]
*[[Alan Emtage]]
*[[George Lamming]]
*[[Glenville Lovell]]
==[[Dominica]]==
[[Image:jackie3.jpg|thumb|left|Statue at Montreal's [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Stadium]]]]
===Writers and intellectuals===
In the late 1940s, [[Branch Rickey]] was club president and [[General Manager (baseball)|general manager]] of the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Dodgers began to scout Robinson and Rickey eventually selected Jackie from a list of promising African-American players. Robinson became the first player in fifty-seven years to break the [[Baseball color line]].
*[[Irving Andre]]
*[[Lennox Honychurch]]
*[[Jean Rhys]]
===Political leaders===
In [[1946 in baseball|1946]], the Dodgers assigned Jackie to the [[Montreal Royals]]. Robinson proceeded to lead the International League in batting average (.349) as well as fielding percentage (.985)<ref name=Journal>TheJournalofSportsHistory.org</ref> Because of Jackie's play in 1946, the Dodgers called him up to play for the major league club in [[1947 in baseball|1947]]. Robinson made his Major League debut on [[April 15]], 1947, playing first base. He went 0 for 3 against the [[Atlanta Braves|Boston Braves]], but the sport's color line had been shattered forever.
*[[Phyllis Shand Allfrey]]
*Dame [[Eugenia Charles]]
*[[Pierre Charles]]
*[[Rosie Douglas]]
*[[Edison James]]
*[[Patrick R. John]]
*[[Edward Oliver LeBlanc]]
*[[Nicholas Liverpool]]
*Sir [[Clarence Seignoret]]
*[[Oliver Seraphine]]
*[[Vernon Shaw]]
*[[Roosevelt Skerrit]]
*[[Crispin Sorhaindo]]
===Religious Leaders===
Throughout the season, Robinson experienced harassment at the hands of both players and fans. He was verbally abused by both his own teammates and by members of opposing teams. Some Dodger players insinuated they would sit out rather than play alongside Robinson. The mutiny ended when Dodger management informed those players that they were welcome to find employment elsewhere.
*[[Kelvin Felix]]
==[[French Guiana]]==
On [[April 22]], 1947, during a game between the Dodgers and [[Philadelphia Phillies]], Phillies players called Jackie a "[[nigger]]" from their [[Dugout (baseball)|dugout]], and yelled that he should "go back to the cotton fields."<ref>Ken Burns' documentary, BASEBALL, Part 6, minute 120</ref> Rickey would later recall that the Phillies' [[manager (baseball)|manager]], [[Ben Chapman (baseball player)|Ben Chapman]], "did more than anybody to unite the Dodgers. When he poured out that string of unconscionable abuse, he solidified and united thirty men."<ref>Ken Burns' documentary, BASEBALL, Part 6, minute 122</ref> Baseball Commissioner [[Happy Chandler]] admonished the Phillies and asked Chapman to pose for photographs with Robinson as a conciliatory gesture.
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Léon Damas]]
*[[René Jadfard]]
===Political leaders===
Dodgers shortstop [[Pee Wee Reese]], who would be a teammate of Robinson's for the better part of a decade, was one of the few players who publicly stood up for Robinson during his rookie season. During the team's first road trip, in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], Robinson was being heckled by fans when Reese, the Dodgers team captain, walked over and put his arm around Robinson in a gesture of support that quieted the fans and has now gained near-legendary status. In addition, the [[Jewish]] baseball star [[Hank Greenberg]], who had faced considerable [[anti-Semitism]] earlier in his career, made a point of welcoming Robinson to the Major Leagues.
*[[Justin Catayée]]
*[[Constant Chlore]]
*[[Félix Éboué]]
*[[Gaston Monnerville]]
*[[Victor Schoelcher]]
==[[Grenada]]==
For his services, Jackie earned the major-league minimum salary of $5000--standard for many rookies at the time. That year, he played in 151 games, hit .297, led the National League in [[stolen base]]s and won the first-ever [[MLB Rookie of the Year award|Rookie of the Year]] Award. It is also called the Jackie Robinson Award. Although Jackie played every game that season at first base, Robinson spent most of his career as a [[second base|second baseman]].
===Athletes===
*[[Alleyne Francique]]
===Political leaders===
Two years later, Jackie won the [[MLB Most Valuable Player award|Most Valuable Player]] award for the [[National League]]. He would win his only championship ring when the Dodgers beat the [[New York Yankees]] in the [[1955 World Series]]. After the [[1956 in baseball|1956]] season, Robinson's contract was sold by the Dodgers to the [[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]]. Rather than report to the Giants, Robinson chose to retire at age 37.
*[[Jean Augustine]]
*[[Maurice Bishop]]
*[[Nicholas Brathwaite]]
*[[Tubal Uriah Butler]]
*[[Bernard Coard]]
*[[Henri Christophe]]
*[[Julien Fédon]]
*[[Eric Gairy]]
*[[T.A. Marryshow]]
*[[David Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead]]
*[[L.C.J Thomas]]
===Musicians===
Robinson was a disciplined hitter and a versatile fielder. He had a .311 career [[batting average]] and substantially more [[base on balls|walks]] than [[strikeout]]s and was an outstanding base stealer. No other player since [[World War II]] has stolen home more than Robinson. During his career, the Dodgers played in six World Series and Jackie played in six All-Star games. He is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and a member of the All-Century Team. In one of his most famous quotes, he said "I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me... all I ask is that you respect me as a human being."<ref>http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/history/robinson/index.htm</ref>
*[[Mighty Sparrow]]
avery shot his self
drake died of shot jakob lived
==[[Guadeloupe]]==
== Post-baseball life ==
===Writers and intellectuals===
[[Image:JRandDavid dc march photo.jpg|thumb|right|Jackie Robinson and his son David being interviewed at the "March on Washington"<br>[[August 28]], [[1963]]<br>From the National Archives]]
*[[Jean Louis Baghio'o]]
*[[Maryse Condé]]
*[[Daniel Maximin]]
*[[Paul Niger]]
*[[Saint-John Perse]]
*[[Simone Schwartz-Bart]]
===Political leaders===
Robinson retired on [[January 5]], [[1957]]. He had wanted to [[manager (baseball)|manage]] or [[Coach (sport)|coach]] in the major leagues, but received no offers.{{fact}} He became a vice-president for the [[Chock Full O' Nuts]] corporation instead, and served on the board of the [[NAACP]] until 1967, when he resigned. During the early to late 50's, Jackie and Louis Ostrer owned Jackie Robinson's, a men's clothing store located on 125th St. in New York City.
*[[Gerty Archimède]]
*[[Louis Delgrès]]
*[[Victor Hugues]]
*[[Joseph Ignace]]
*[[Hégésippe Légitimus]]
*[[Patrick Reason]]
===Religious leaders===
He was inducted into the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 1962, his first year of eligibility, becoming the first African-American so honored. On [[June 4]], 1972 the [[Los Angeles Dodgers|Dodgers]] retired his uniform number 42 alongside [[Roy Campanella]] (39) and [[Sandy Koufax]] (32).
*[[Jean Baptiste Labat]]
===Filmmakers===
Robinson made his final public appearance on [[October 14]], [[1972]], before Game 2 of the [[1972 World Series|World Series]]. He used this chance to express his wish for a black manager to be hired by a Major League Baseball team.{{fact}}
*[[Sarah Maldoror]]
==[[Guyana]]==
This wish was granted two years later, following the 1974 season, when the [[Cleveland Indians]] gave their managerial post to [[Frank Robinson]], a Hall of Fame bound slugger who was then still an active player, and no relation to Jackie Robinson. At the press conference announcing his hiring, Frank expressed his wish that Jackie had lived to see the moment.{{fact}}
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Jan Carew]]
*[[Martin Carter]]
*[[Wilson Harris]]
*[[Edgar Mittelholzer]]
*[[Walter Rodney]]
*[[A.J. Seymour]]
*[[Clive Thomas]]
*[[Eric D. Walrond|Eric Walrond]]
===Political leaders===
Robinson's final few years were marked by tragedy. In 1971, his eldest son, Jackie, Jr., who had beaten back drug problems and was working as a Daytop Village counselor, was killed in an automobile accident. Also, Jackie suffered from [[diabetes]], virtually went blind, and suffered heart problems.
*[[Brindley Benn]]
*[[Forbes Burnham]]
*[[Arthur Chung]]
*[[Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow]]
*[[Cuffy (person)|Cuffy]]
*[[Jack Gladstone]]
*[[Bernie Grant]]
*[[Sam Hinds]]
*[[Desmond Hoyte]]
*[[Cheddi Jagan]]
*[[Janet Jagan]]
*[[Bharrat Jagdeo]]
*[[Eusi Kwayana]]
*Sir [[Shridath Ramphal]]
*[[Clement Rohee]]
*[[Rupert Roopnaraine]]
===Musicians===
Jackie Robinson passed away in [[Stamford, Connecticut]] on [[October 24]], [[1972]] at age 53 and was interred in the [[Cypress Hills Cemetery]] in [[Brooklyn, New York]]. The highway that goes through the cemetery ([[Interborough Parkway]]) has been renamed the [[Jackie Robinson Parkway]].<ref>Tygiel, p???</ref>
*[[Eddy Grant]]
*[[Dave Martin (musician)|Dave Martin]]
*[[Shaya (singer)|Shaya]]
*
===Athletes===
== Awards and recognition==
*[[Clive Lloyd]]
[[Image:Jackie Robinson Park 2.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A statue of Jackie Robinson in [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], [[Connecticut]], where a major street has the honorary name Jackie Robinson Way.]]
*[[Lance Gibbs]]
*In March 1984, President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded Robinson the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]].
*[[Ramnaresh Ronnie Sarwan]]
*[[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]]
*[[Rohan Bholalall Kanhai]]
*[[Carl Hooper]]
==[[Martinique]]==
* In 2000, he ranked number 44 on ''[[The Sporting News]]'s'' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected to the [[Major League Baseball All-Century Team]].
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Mayotte Capécia]]
*[[Aimé Césaire]]
*[[Patrick Chamoiseau]]
*[[Raphaël Confiant]]
*[[Frantz Fanon]]
*[[Édouard Glissant]]
*[[Gilbert Gratiant]]
*[[Étienne Léro]]
*[[René Maran]]
*[[Joseph Zobel]]
===Political leaders===
* On [[October 29]], [[2003]], the [[Congress of the United States|United States Congress]] posthumously awarded Robinson the [[Congressional Gold Medal of Honor|Congressional Gold Medal]], the highest award the Congress can bestow. Robinson's widow accepted the award in a ceremony in the Capitol Rotunda on [[March 2]], [[2005]].
*[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]
*[[Alfred Marie-Jeanne]]
===Filmmakers===
* At the [[November]] [[2006]] groundbreaking for a new [[New York Mets]] ballpark, [[Citi Field]], scheduled to open in [[2009]], it was announced that the main entrance, modeled on the one in [[Brooklyn]]'s old [[Ebbets Field]], will be called the Jackie Robinson Rotunda. Additionally, Mets owner [[Fred Wilpon]] said that the [[Mets]] and [[Citigroup]] would work with the Jackie Robinson Foundation to create a Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center in lower [[Manhattan]], as well as fund scholarships for "young people who live by and embody Jackie's ideals."<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/471283p-396500c.html New York Daily News] ''Mets honor Robinson at new home''. Accessed [[November 14]], [[2006]]</ref>
*[[Euzhan Palcy]]
==[[Netherlands Antilles]], [[Aruba]] now a Protectorate of the Netherlands, [[Bonaire]], [[Curaçao]], [[St.Maarten]], [[St.Eustacius]], and [[Saba]]==
==Trivia==
===Political leaders===
The 2004 book ''[[Carl Erskine's Tales from the Dodgers Dugout: Extra Innings]]'' includes short stories from former Dodger pitcher [[Carl Erskine]]. Robinson is prominent in many of these stories.
*[[Betico Croes]]
*[[Daniel De Leon]]
*[[Wilson Godett]]
*[[Moises Frumencio da Costa Gomez]]
*[[Ben Komproe]]
*[[Maria Liberia-Peters]]
*[[Claude Wathey]]
==Footnotes=Athletes===
*[[Sidney Ponson]]
<div class="references-small">
*[[Andruw Jones]]
<references/>
</div>
==[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]==
==See also==
===Writers / Intellectuals / Filmmakers / Artists===
* [[List of first black Major League Baseball players by team and date]]
* [[DHL HometownR.C.O. HeroesBenjamin]]
*[[Christene Browne]]
*[[List of African American firsts]]
*[[Caryl Phillips]]
*[[Pogus Caesar]]
*[[Burt Caesar]]
===Political leaders===
==References==
*[[Clement Arrindell]]
*Rampersad, Arnold. ''Jackie Robinson, a Biography'', [[Alfred A. Knopf]] ([[New York]]), 1997. ISBN 0-679-44495-5
*[[Robert Bradshaw]]
*Tygiel, Jules. ''Baseball's Great Experiment'', [[Oxford University Press|Oxford (USA)]], New York, ISBN 0195106199
*[[Denzil Douglas]]
*Bigelow, Barbara Carlisle, ed. ''Contemporary Black Biography'' vol. 6. Gale Research Inc. 1994. ISBN 0-8103-8558-9
*[[Alexander Hamilton]]
*Moritz, Charles, ed. ''Current Biography Yearbook 1972'', H.W. Wilson Co, New York, 1972. ISBN 0-8242-0493-X
*[[Rawlins Lowndes]]
*Rothe, Anna, ed. ''Current Biography, Who's News and Why 1947'', H.W. Wilson Co, New York, 1948.
*[[Lee Moore]]
*MLB.com - http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/nyy/history/retired_numbers.jsp
*[[Cuthbert Sebastian]]
*Journal of Sports History - http://thejournalofsportshistory.org/history-of-baseball/jackie-robinson-a-triple-threat.html
*[[Kennedy Simmonds]]
*Robinson, Jackie. ''I Never Had It Made''. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1972
*[[Paul Southwell]]
*Robinson, Sharon. ''Promises To Keep: How Jackie Robinson Changed America'' Scholastic, 2004.
*Williams, Michael W.- Ed. ''An African American Encyclopedia'' 1993.
*Frommer, Harvey. ''Jackie Robinson'' Watts Press, 1984.
===Athletes===
== External links ==
*[[Kim Collins]]
* [http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/jackie_robinson/jackie_robinson.html archives.gov] Correspondences with the White House
* [http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers%5Fand%5Fhonorees/hofer%5Fbios/robinson%5Fjackie.htm baseballhalloffame.org] Baseball Hall of Fame page
* [http://www.baseball-reference.com/r/robinja02.shtml baseball-reference.com] Baseball statistics
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/ loc.gov] Library of Congress Robinson collection
==[[Saint Lucia]]==
{{start box}}
===Writers and intellectuals===
{{succession box | before = None, first holder of the award | title = [[MLB Rookie of the Year Award|Major League Rookie of the Year]]| years = 1947 | after = [[Alvin Dark]]}}
*[[Derek Walcott]]
{{succession box | before = [[Stan Musial]] | title = [[MLB Most Valuable Player Award|National League Most Valuable Player]] | years = 1949 | after = [[Jim Konstanty]]}}
*[[John Robert Lee]]
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball batting champions|National League Batting Champion]] | before= [[Stan Musial]]| years=1949 | after= [[Stan Musial]]}}
*[[Roderick Walcott]]
{{end box}}
{{MLBACT}}
===Political leaders===
{{Persondata
*[[Kenny Anthony]]
|NAME=Robinson, Jackie
*[[Winston Cenac]]
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Robinson, Jack Roosevelt (full name)
*[[George Charles]]
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=American baseball player
*Sir [[John Compton]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[January 31]] [[1919]]
*[[Julian Hunte]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Cairo, Georgia]]
*Sir [[Allen Lewis]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[October 24]] [[1972]]
*[[Vaughan Lewis]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Stamford, Connecticut]]
*Sir [[Allan Louisy]]
}}
*Dame [[Pearlette Louisy]]
*[[George Odlum]]
===Economists===
[[Category:1919 births|Robinson, Jackie]]
* Sir [[Arthur Lewis (economist)|Arthur Lewis]]
[[Category:1972 deaths|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Baseball Hall of Fame|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Major league second basemen|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Brooklyn Dodgers players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Negro League baseball players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:National League All-Stars|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Major league players from Georgia|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:African American baseball players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:1955 Brooklyn Dodgers World Series Championship Team|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Baseball Rookies of the Year|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:National League batting champions|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Baseball players who have hit for the cycle|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball announcers|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball on ABC|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:Spingarn Medal winners|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:African Americans' rights activists|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:United States Army officers|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:American World War II veterans|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins men's basketball players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins football players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:African American basketball players|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:American Methodists|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state)|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:People from Stamford, Connecticut|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:American diabetics|Robinson, Jackie]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni|Robinson, Jackie]]
===Artists===
[[da:Jackie Robinson]]
*[[de:JackieDunstan RobinsonSt. Omer]]
*[[es:JackieCedric RobinsonGeorge]]
*[[fr:JackieC. RobinsonEudovic]]
[[he:ג'קי רובינסון]]
===Actors===
[[ja:ジャッキー・ロビンソン]]
*[[sv:JackieJoseph RobinsonMarcell]]
[[zh:傑基·羅賓森]]
===Musicians===
*[[Ronald "Boo" Hinkson]]
*[[Nicole David]]
*[[Gregory'Shining'Emmanuel]]
===Athletes===
*[[Darren Sammy]]
*[[Dominic Johnson]]
==[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]==
===Political leaders===
*Sir [[Charles Antrobus]]
*Sir [[Frederick Ballantyne]]
*[[Milton Cato]]
*[[Joseph Chatoyer]]
*[[Arnhim Eustace]]
*[[Ralph Gonsalves]]
*Sir [[David Jack]]
*[[Ebenezer Joshua]]
*Sir [[James F. Mitchell]]
*Sir [[Louis Straker]]
===Musicians===
* [[Kevin Lyttle]]
* [[Mattafix]]
* [[Jamsie P]]
===Athletes===
* [[Keneke Alexander]]
* [[Pamenous Ballentyne]]
* [[Adonal Foyle]]
* [[Sancho Lyttle]]
* [[Madonna Hickson]]
* [[Sophia Young]]
* [[Gailene Gordon]]
* [[John Gardiner]]
* [[Tenicia Gittens]]
* [[Shanna Brown]]
* [[Delroy Burke]]
* [[Isha Sam]]
* [[Orande Quammie]]
==[[Suriname]]==
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Aphra Behn]]
*[[Anton de Kom]]
===Political leaders===
*[[Jules Ajodhia]]
*[[Henck Arron]]
*[[Bram Behr]]
*[[Dési Bouterse]]
*[[Ronnie Brunswijk]]
*[[Fred Derby]]
*[[Johan Ferrier]]
*[[Otto Huiswood]]
*[[Harry Kisoensingh]]
*[[Jagernath Lachmon]]
*[[Johan Adolf Pengel]]
*[[Pretaapnarian Radhakishun]]
*[[Ram Sardjoe]]
*[[Ronald Venetiaan]]
*[[Jules Wijdenbosch]]
===Inventors===
*[[Jan Earnst Matzeliger]]
==[[Trinidad and Tobago]]==
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Valerie Belgrave]]
*[[Lloyd Best]]
*[[Rafael de Boissiere]]
*[[Dionne Brand]]
*[[Rosa Guy]]
*[[Merle Hodge]]
*[[C. L. R. James]]
*[[Earl Lovelace]]
*[[Mustapha Matura]]
*[[Alfred Mendes]]
*Inga "[[Foxy Brown]]" Marchand
*[[Shiva Naipaul]]
*[[V.S. Naipaul]]
*[[Charles Petioni]]
*[[Marlene Philip]]
*[[Michel Philip|Michel Maxwell Philip]]
*[[Kenneth Ramchand]]
*[[Lall Sawh]]
*[[Leslie Scotland]]
*[[Samuel Selvon]]
*[[Eric Williams]]
*[[Dharmesh Michael Persad]]
*[[Aleth Bruce]]
*[[Stokely Carmichael]]
===Athletes===
*[[Inshan Ali]]
*[[Stephen Ames]]
*[[Marvin Andrews]]
*[[Ian Bishop]]
*[[Marlon Black]]
*[[Ato Boldon]]
*[[Darel Brown]]
*[[George Bovell|George Bovell III]]
*[[Marc Burns]]
*[[Learie Constantine]]
*[[Hasely Crawford]]
*[[Rajindra Dhanraj]]
*[[Mervyn Dillon]]
*[[Ansil Elcock]]
*[[Daren Ganga]]
*[[Gerry Gomez|Gerald "Gerry" Gomez]]
*[[Anthony Gray]]
*[[Shaka Hislop]]
*[[Clayton Ince]]
*[[Stern John]]
*[[Brian Lara]]
*[[Russell Latapy]]
*[[Leonson Lewis]]
*[[Gus Logie|Augustine "Gus" Logie]]
*[[Clint Marcelle]]
*[[Deryck Murray]]
*[[David Nahkid]]
*[[Jerren Nixon]]
*[[Sonny Ramadhin]]
*[[Manny Ramjohn]]
*[[Dinanath Ramnarine]]
*[[Anthony Rougier]]
*[[Phil Simmons]]
*[[Jeffrey Stollmeyer]]
*[[Victor Stollmeyer]]
*[[Evans Wise]]
*[[Dwight Yorke]]
===Political leaders===
*[[David Abdullah]]
*[[Yasin Abu Bakr]]
*[[Tubal Uriah Butler]]
*[[Rudranath Capildeo]]
*[[Simbhoonath Capildeo]]
*[[Stokely Carmichael]] a.k.a. [[Kwame Ture]]
*[[George Chambers]]
*[[Carson Charles]]
*[[Arthur Andrew Cipriani]] (A.A. Cipriani)
*[[Ellis Clarke]]
*[[Winston Dookeran]]
*[[Knowlson Gift]]
*[[Albert Gomes]]
*[[Geddes Granger]] (Makandal Daaga)
*[[Noor Hassanali]]
*[[Karl Hudson-Phillips]]
*[[A.P.T. James]]
*[[Roy Joseph]]
*[[Franklin Khan]]
*[[Fuad Khan]]
*[[Gillian Lucky]]
*[[Errol Mahabir]]
*[[Ramesh Maharaj]]
*[[Patrick Manning]]
*[[Bhadase Maraj|Bhadase Sagan Maraj]]
*[[Ralph Maraj]]
*[[Errol McLeod]]
*[[Kamaludeen Mohammed]]
*[[Roodal Moonilal]]
*[[Wendell Mottley]]
*[[George Padmore]]
*[[Basdeo Panday]]
*[[Kamla Persad-Bissessar]]
*[[David Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead]]
*[[George Richards|George Maxwell Richards]]
*[[A. N. R. Robinson|A.N.R. Robinson]]
*[[Keith Rowley]]
*[[Adrian Cola Rienzi]] (born [[Krishna Deonarine]])
*[[Eric Williams]]
*[[Eric A. Williams]]
*[[Gerald Yetming]]
===Musicians===
*[[André Tanker]]
*[[Attila the Hun (calypsonian)|Atilla the Hun]] ([[Raymond Quevado]])
*[[Winifred Atwell]]
*Inga "[[Foxy Brown]]" Marchand
*[[Anil Bheem]]
*[[Pat Bishop]]
*[[Nisha Bissambhar]]
*[[Chalkdust]] ([[Hollis Liverpool]])
*[[Rasika Dindial]]
*[[Devanand Gattoo]]
*[[Haddaway]]
*[[Ray Holman|Raymond Holman]]
*[[Lord Invader]]
*[[Lord Kitchener (calypsonian)|Lord Kitchener]] ([[Alwyn Roberts]])
*[[Lord Melody]]
*[[Lennox Mohammed|Lennox "Bobby" Mohammed]]
*[[Machel Montano]]
*[[Billy Ocean]]
*[[Ken Philmore|Ken "Professor" Philmore]]
*[[Sundar Popo]]
*[[Richard Ramnarine]]
*[[David Rudder]]
*[[Adesh Samaroo]]
*[[Jit Samaroo]]
*[[Hazel Scott]]
*[[Lennox Sharpe|Len "Boogsie" Sharpe]]
*[[Lord Shorty]]/[[Ras Shorty I]] ([[Garfield Blackman]])
*[[Mighty Sparrow]] ([[Slinger Francisco]])
*[[Mighty Spoiler]]
*[[Black Stalin]] ([[Leroy Calliste]])
*[[Anand Yankaran]]
*[[Rakesh Yankaran]]
*[[Destra Garcia]]
*[[Heather Headley]]
*[[Denise Plummer]]
*[[Denise "Saucy Wow" Belfon]]
*[[Maximus Dan]]
*[[KMC]]
*[[Bunji Garlin]]
===Dancers===
*[[Satnarine Balkaransingh]]
*[[Mondira Balkaransingh]]
*[[Percival Borde]]
*[[Eugene Joseph]]
*[[Torrance Mohammed]]
*[[Pearl Primus]]
*[[Susan Mohip]]
*[[Sandra Sookdeo]]
===Artists===
*[[Isaiah Boodhoo|Isaiah James Boodhoo]]
*[[Michel-Jean Cazabon]]
*[[LeRoy Clarke]]
*[[Willie Chen]]
*[[Jackie Hinkson]]
*[[Shastri Maharaj]]
*[[Edwin Hing Wan]]
*[[Geoffrey Holder]]
*[[Sonnylal Rambissoon]]
*[[Noel Vaucrosson]]
*[[Alfred Codallo]]
===Aviators===
*[[Mikey Cipriani]]
*[[Herbert Julian]]
==[[United States Virgin Islands]] and [[British Virgin Islands]]==
===Writers and intellectuals===
*[[Barbara Christian]]
*[[Geraldo Guirty]]
*[[Ariel Melchior|Ariel Melchior, Sr.]]
*[[Arthur Schomburg]]
===Doctors and Scientists===
*[[John Lettsome|Dr. John C. Lettsome]]
===Political leaders===
*[[Judah Philip Benjamin]]
*[[Edward Blyden]]
*[[Frank Rudolph Crosswaith]]
*[[Rothschild Francis]]
*[[Hubert Henry Harrison]]
*[[Elizabeth Anna Hendrickson]]
*[[Casper Holstein]]
*[[Roy Innis]]
*[[D. Hamilton Jackson]]
*[[J. Raymond Jones]]
*[[William Alexander Leidesdorff]]
*[[T. McCants Stewart]]
*[[Terence Todman]]
*[[Ashley Totten]]
*[[Denmark Vesey]]
===Artists and Architects===
*[[Austin Hansen]]
*[[Camille Pissarro]]
*[[William Thornton|Dr. William Thornton]]
===Actors===
*[[Kelsey Grammer]]
*[[Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs]]
===Athletes===
*[[Raja Bell]]
*[[Tim Duncan]]
*[[Julian Jackson]]
*[[Calvin Pickering]]
[[Category:Caribbean people| Eastern Caribbean]]
[[Category:Lists of people by ancestry|Eastern Caribbean]]
==External Links ==
*[http://www.calypsonians.com Calypsonians.com who sung what, when and won]
| 