Internet Printing Protocol: differenze tra le versioni

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Riga 1:

{{S|protocolli di rete}}

{{T|lingua=inglese|argomento=informatica|data=aprile 2018}}

'''Internet Printing Protocol''' ('''IPP''') è un [[Suite di protocolli Internet|protocollo Internet]] per la comunicazione tra computer e stampanti (o [[print server]]). L'IPP è una tecnologia che consente di inviare comandi di stampa tramite rete (un IP della rete locale o un comune IP internet). Permette ai programmi di inviare uno o più [[print job]] alla stampante o al print server e di avere alcune funzioni di amministrazione come visualizzare lo stato di una [[stampante]], la lista dei print job, o annullare singole stampe in coda. L'eventuale print server può anche essere un [[host]] remoto (un comune web server acquisito come servizio).

{{S|informatica}}

'''Internet Printing Protocol''' ('''IPP''') è un [[Suite di protocolli Internet|protocollo Internet]] per la comunicazione tra computer e stampanti (o [[print server]]). Permette ai programmi di inviare uno o più [[print job]] alla stampante o al print server e di avere alcune funzioni di amministrazione come visualizzare lo stato di una [[stampante]], la lista dei print job, o annullare singole stampe in coda.

Come tutti i protocolli basati su [[Internet Protocol|IP]], IPP può essere eseguito localmente o attraverso [[Internet]]. Al contrario di altri protocolli di stampa, IPP supporta anche [[Controllo accessi|controllo di accessi]], [[autenticazione]] e [[crittografia]], rendendolo un meccanismo di stampa molto più sicuro e ricco dei precedenti.

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== History ==

IPP began as a proposal by [[Novell]] for the creation of an Internet printing [[Communications protocol|protocol]] project in 1996. The result was a draft written by Novell and [[Xerox]] called the Lightweight Document Printing Application (LDPA), derived from ECMA-140: [[Document Printing Application]] (DPA). At about the same time, [[Lexmark]] publicly proposed something called the [[HyperText]] Printing Protocol (HTPP), and both [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] and [[Microsoft]] had started work on new print services for what became [[Windows 2000]]. Each of the companies chose to start a common Internet Printing Protocol project in the [[Printer Working Group]] (PWG) and negotiated an IPP birds-of-a-feather (BOF) session with the Application Area Directors in the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF). The BOF session in December 1996(?) showed sufficient interest in developing a printing protocol, leading to the creation of the IETF Internet Printing Protocol (ipp)<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione url = http://www.ietf.org/wg/concluded/ipp.html | publisher = IETF | title = Working groups | contribution = IPP}}.</ref> working group.

La comodità è tangibile perché non richiede installazioni complicate basate su driver specifici di periferica (solo quello generico IPP ad esempio Microsoft IPP Class Driver se si utilizza Windows) e, se si sfrutta la rete WIFI, non occorrono cavi. Ovviamente, la situazione classica è la stampante aziendale condivisa.

IPP/1.0 was published as a series of experimental documents (RFC 2565,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2565 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2565}}.</ref> RFC 2566,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2566 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2566}}.</ref> RFC 2567,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2567 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2567}}.</ref> RFC 2568,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2568 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2568}}.</ref> RFC 2569,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2569 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2569}}.</ref> and RFC 2639<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2639 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2639}}.</ref>) in 1999. IPP/1.1 followed as a draft standard in 2000 with support documents in 2001 and 2003 (RFC 2910,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2910 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2910}}.</ref> RFC 2911,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 2911 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2911}}.</ref> RFC 3196,<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 3196 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3196}}.</ref> RFC 3510<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | title = RFC 3510 | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3510}}.</ref>). Additional extensions to IPP were published as RFCs until 2005 when the IETF IPP working group was concluded.

La [[Porte TCP e UDP standard|porta TCP standard]] del protocollo IPP è la <code>631</code>.<ref>{{IETF|3510|1 dicembre 2021}}</ref>

Work on IPP continues in the PWG with the publication of 12 candidate standards providing extensions to IPP and definition of IPP/2.0, IPP/2.1, and now IPP/2.2 representing different categories or classes of printers. A new IPP Everywhere<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione url = https://www.pwg.org/ipp/everywhere.html | publisher = The Printer Working Group | title = IPP Everywhere}}.</ref> project began in July 2010 to define an IPP profile and extensions required to support [[Printer driver|driverless]] printing, with a focus on non-traditional platforms such as netbooks and mobile Internet devices. The new project also expands the scope of IPP standards to include printer discovery and standard document formats.

== Implementation ==

IPP is implemented using the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP) and inherits all of the HTTP streaming and security features. For example, [[authorization]] can take place via HTTP's [[Digest access authentication]] mechanism, [[GSSAPI]], or via [[public key certificates]]. [[Encryption]] is provided using the [[Secure Sockets Layer|SSL]]/[[Transport Layer Security|TLS]] protocol-layer, either in the traditional always-on mode used by [[HTTPS]] or using the HTTP Upgrade extension to HTTP (RFC 2817<ref>{{Cita pubblicazione url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2817 | publisher = IETF | title = RFC | number = 2817}}.</ref>). Streaming is supported using HTTP chunking.

IPP uses the traditional client-server model, with clients sending IPP request messages with the [[MIME]] media type "application/ipp" in HTTP POST requests to an IPP printer. IPP request messages consist of key/value pairs using a custom binary encoding followed by an "end of attributes" tag and any document data required for the request. The IPP response is sent back to the client in the HTTP POST response, again using the "application/ipp" MIME media type.

Among other things, IPP allows a client to:

# query a printer's capabilities

# submit print jobs to a printer

# query the status of a printer

# query the status of one or more print jobs

# cancel previously submitted jobs

IPP uses [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] with port 631 as its [[well-known port]]. IPP implementations such as [[CUPS]] also use [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] with port 631 for IPP printer discovery.

Products using the Internet Printing Protocol include, among others, [[CUPS]] which is part of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[Mac OS X]] and many [[BSD]] and [[Linux]] distributions and is the reference implementation for IPP/2.0 and IPP/2.1,<ref>{{Cita web

|url=http://www.pwg.org/ipp/

|title=Internet Printing Protocol

|publisher=Printer Working Group

|accessdate=2013-11-20

|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112042156/http://www.pwg.org/ipp

|archivedate=2010-01-12

|urlmorto=no

}} The language "CUPS Software (IPP Reference Implementation)" appeared on this page since a point

between 1 September 2009 and 12 January 2010, though no mention of a reference implementation

is found in the published standard.</ref> [[Novell]] [[iPrint]], and [[Microsoft Windows]], starting with [[Microsoft|MS]] [[Windows 2000]].<ref>{{Cita web

|url= http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/techinfo/overview/internetprint.mspx

|title=Effectively Using IPP Printing

|publisher=Microsoft

|data=April 8, 2003

|accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Server 2003]] offer IPP printing via [[HTTPS]]. [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]],<ref>{{Cita web

|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2462380

|title=The Internet Printing Client (IPP) is not available in Windows 7 Starter Edition

|publisher=Microsoft

|data=November 17, 2010

|accessdate=2012-10-02}}</ref> [[Windows Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2|2008 R2]] also support IPP printing over [[Remote procedure call|RPC]] in the "Medium-Low" [[security zone]].

== Standards ==

* {{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2910 | title = RFC 2910 Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport |data=September 2000}}.

* {{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2911 | title = RFC 2911 Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics |data=September 2000}}.

* {{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2567 | title = RFC 2567 Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol |data=April 1999}}.

* {{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2568 | title = RFC 2568 Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol |data=April 1999}}.

* {{Cita pubblicazione publisher = IETF | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2569 | title = RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols |data=April 1999}}.

== See also ==

* [[Line Printer Daemon protocol]]

* [[CUPS]]

* [[Job Definition Format]]

* iFax/[[T.37 (ITU-T recommendation)|T.37]] for emailing directly to a fax machine

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== Note ==

<references />

Riga 69 ⟶ 16:

* {{Cita pubblicazione|url= https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731368.aspx#BKMK_How |titolo= Technet {{!}} IPP in MS Windows |editore= Microsoft}}

* {{Cita pubblicazione|url= https://www.cups.org/ |titolo= CUPS |editore= Apple}}

* {{Cita pubblicazione |url= https://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/openprinting |titolo= Workgroups |contributo= OpenPrinting |editore= Linux foundation |accesso= 2 maggio 2019 |dataarchivio= 16 giugno 2016 |urlarchivio= https://web.archive.org/web/20160616100127/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/openprinting |urlmorto= sì }}

[[Categoria:Protocolli di rete]]