Freedom of information in the United States and Wikipedia:Sandbox/Archive: Difference between pages

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The purpose of '''freedom of information''' legislation and [[Freedom of information legislation|sunshine laws]] is to increase the openness and [[transparency]] of government.

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What does "undo" do exactly?

On a national level, the federal [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] was signed into law on July 4, 1966 by President [[Lyndon Johnson]].

Each state has its own open records legislation that governs documents at the state and local (cities, counties, school districts) level.

The first open records law was passed in [[Wisconsin]] shortly after it became a state in 1848. A number of states passed their open records legislation in the 1970s in the wake of [[Watergate]].

The provisions of these state laws vary significantly with respect to issues such as the time period within which an agency must provide the requested documents, how much an agency is allowed to charge for providing documents, whether the state government provides an ombudsman, whether the document requestor must give a reason for wanting the documents, and so on.

Specific legislation may require that all government meetings be open to the public, or that written records be released upon request. The usual intent of these laws is to enable citizens and [[journalist]]s to examine government activity to detect [[political corruption]], or to allow them to have input into government decisions that affect them. Many consider strong laws guaranteeing freedom of information to be vitally important to [[journalism]], especially [[investigative journalism]].

[[Florida]] was the first state to pass an open meetings law in 1967. While all of the other states also have such a law, their exact provisions vary; 41 states require advance notice of meetings, 37 states are required to take and publish [[minutes]] of every meeting, and in 31 states actions or decisions are only recognized as official if decided upon during an open meeting.

==Federal legislation==

The federal government is bound by several laws intended to promote openness in government. However, these normally apply only to federal bodies, leaving many institutions exempt compared to their counterparts in other countries.

* [[Administrative Procedure Act]] PL 79-404; [[1946]]

* [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] PL 85-619; [[1966]]

* [[Federal Advisory Committee Act]] PL 92-463; [[1972]]

* [[Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974|Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act]] PL 93-344; [[1974]]

* [[Government in the Sunshine Act]] PL 94-409; [[1976]]

* [[Inspector General Act]] PL 95-452; [[1978]]

* [[Ethics in Government Act]] PL 95-521; [[1978]]

* [[Presidential Records Act]] PL 95-591; [[1978]]

[[Executive Order 13233]], drafted by [[Alberto R. Gonzales]] and issued by [[George W. Bush]] on [[November 1]], [[2001]] is used to limit the FOIA by restricting access to the records of former presidents.

==State legislation==

All fifty states have some form of freedom of information legislation, as does the District of Columbia and some of the territories.

In 2002, IRE ([[Investigative Reporters and Editors]]) in conjunction with the Better Government Association conducted a comparison of the relative strengths of each state's open records laws.

Their overall conclusion noted, "Unfortunately, state FOI laws have proven to be almost uniformly weak and easy to undermine."

The Marion Brechner Citizen Access Project, part of the College of Journalism and Communications at the University of Florida, also keeps comparative information on freedom of information laws in each state.

A WikiFoia was initiated in 2007 to allow collaboration in building a knowledge base about state-level open records legislation.

The Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press publishes an "Open Government Guide" reviewing open records and open meetings laws in each state.

==External links==

*[http://www.ire.org/foi/bga/ Cross-state comparison of FOIA laws]

*[http://www.wikifoia.org/ The WikiFoia]

*[http://foi.missouri.edu/index.html The Freedom of Information Center at the University of Missouri]

*[http://www.citizenaccess.org/ The Marion Brechner Citizen Access Project at the College of Journalism and Communications at the University of Florida]

*[http://www.rcfp.org/ogg/index.php The Open Government Guide of the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press]

*[http://www.nfoic.org/ The National Freedom of Information Coalition]

*[http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=foia&search_crit=title&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Freedom of Information Act]

* {{cite news

| first = Robert

| last = Tanner

| url = http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070310/ap_on_re_us/sunshine_week

| title = Government usually wins 'sunshine' cases

| publisher = Associated Press (via ''Yahoo! News'')

| date = [[10 March]] [[2007]]

| accessdate = 2007-03-10

}}

*[http://www.ago.mo.gov/sunshinelaw/ Missouri Sunshine Law]

*[https://www.ago.mo.gov/cgi-bin/quizzes/SunshineLaw.cgi Missouri Sunshine Law Online Quiz]

{{Freedom of information}}

[[Category:United States law]]

[[Category:Classified documents]]