|
''This is a list of retired rikishi who have "completed" articles. They are complete in the sense that they have infoboxes, tournament tables, and biographical/career information that is more than a few lines. They could always use YOUR additions and improvements of course!''
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Please note that vandalism of this page will not be tolerated; this includes unregistered IP addresses.
Vandalism includes adding of your own views, deleting large sections of text, and inserting manifestly false information. Anyone who vandalizes the page may be blocked for 24 hours without further warning.-->
[[Image:Dutch Reformed Church, Newburgh NY.jpg|275px|thumb|right|The Dutch Reformed Church, one of many [[landmark]]s in Newburgh]]
:''For other places named Newburgh, see [[Newburgh]].''
{|cellspacing=10 style="background-color:transparent;"
{{infoboxneeded|Infobox City}}
|-
|valign=top|
'''Newburgh''' is a [[city]] located in Upstate [[Orange County, New York]], 60 miles (97 km) north of [[City of New York|New York city]], and 90 miles south of [[Albany, New York|Albany]], on the [[Hudson River]]. In [[1890]], 23,087 people lived in Newburgh, New York; in [[1900]], 24,943; in [[1910]], 27,805; in [[1920]], 30,366; and in [[1940]], 31,883. The population was 28,259 at the 2000 census.
;A - O
*[[Akebono]]
The '''City of Newburgh''' is along the Hudson River, between the Town of Newburgh and the Town of New Windsor.
*[[Akinoshima]]
*[[Asahifuji]]
Just east of the city, across the [[Newburgh-Beacon Bridge]] lies the city of [[Beacon, New York]].
*[[Chiyonofuji]]
*[[Futahaguro]]
== History ==
*[[Hokutoumi]] column style tourney table
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Please note that vandalism of this page will not be tolerated; this includes unregistered IP addresses.
*[[Kitanofuji]]
Vandalism includes adding of your own views, deleting large sections of text, and inserting manifestly false information. Anyone who vandalizes the page may be blocked for 24 hours without further warning.-->
*[[Kitanoumi]]
The area that became Newburgh was first explored by Europeans when [[Henry Hudson]] stopped by during his 1609 expedition up the river that now bears his name. He is supposed to have called the site "a pleasant place to build a town," although some later historians believe he may actually have been referring to the area where [[Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York|Cornwall-on-Hudson]] now stands.
*[[Konishiki]]
*[[Kotonishiki]]
The first settlement was made a century later, in [[1709]] by [[Germany|German]] [[Lutheran]]s from the [[Rhenish Palatinate]], who named it the Palatine Parish by Quassic. By [[1750]], most of the Germans had been replaced by people of [[English people|English]] and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] descent, who in [[1752]] changed the name to the Parish of Newburgh (after [[Newburgh, Scotland]]).
*[[Kotonowaka]]
[[Image:Washington's Headquarters, Newburgh.jpg|left|thumb|250px|[[Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site|Washington's Headquarters]], preserved as a historic site]]
*[[Kotozakura]]
Newburgh was the headquarters of the [[Continental Army]] from March, [[1782]] until the latter part of [[1783]]. While camped at Newburgh, there was a [[Newburgh conspiracy|conspiracy]] to overthrow the government by some of the senior officers of the Continental Army. General [[George Washington]] was able to convince his officers to stay loyal to him. The army was disbanded here in [[1783]]. George Washington received the famous [[Newburgh letter]] from [[Lewis Nicola|Nicola]] proposing that he become [[monarch|king]] here. The letter drew a vigorous rebuke from [[George Washington|Washington]].
*[[Kyokushuzan]] bio a little short
*[[Musashimaru]]
Newburgh was incorporated as a village in [[1800]] and chartered as a city in [[1865]]. At the time of its settlement it was in [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster County]] and was that county's seat. When [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]] was split from Orange County in 1798, Newburgh and the other towns north of [[Moodna Creek]] were put in a redrawn Orange County. Newburgh thus lost its status aS the county seat to [[Goshen (village), New York|Goshen]]. The former Ulster County courthouse still stands as Newburgh's old city courthouse building (currently used as municipal office space).
*[[Onokuni]]
|valign=top|
Newburgh became quite prosperous during the [[Gilded Age]] that followed. Its industries included manufactories of [[cotton]]s, [[wool|woolens]], [[silk]]s, [[paper]], [[felt]] [[hat]]s, [[baking powder]], [[soap]], paper boxes, [[brick]], plush goods, [[steam]] [[boiler]]s, tools, automobiles, coin silver, bleach, candles, waterway gates, ice machines, pumps, moving-picture screens, overalls, perfumes, furniture, carpets, carburetors, spiral springs, spiral pipe, shirt waists, shirts, felt goods, lawn mowers; shipyards; foundries and machine shops; tanneries; leatherette works; plaster works.
;R - Z
[[Image:Broadway, Newburgh NY.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Lower Broadway]]
*[[Ryūko]]
It has been a city with many distinctions. It is home to the first Edison power plant and thus was the first American city to be electrified and have [[street light]]s. In 1915 it became one of the first American cities to delegate routine governmental authority to a [[Council-manager government|city manager]]. Portions of Liberty Street are still paved in the original brick. Broadway, the widest main street in a US city{{citation needed}} runs through the city. Newburgh was also one of the first two cities in the country to [[Water fluoridation|fluoridate its water]].
*[[Sakahoko]]
*[[Sentoryu]]
In the early 1960s, city manager Joseph Mitchell and the council attracted nationwide attention and the admiration of political [[conservatism|conservatives]] when they attempted to require that [[welfare (financial aid)|welfare]] recipients work and attend job training in return for their benefits. While these initiatives failed as they were widely criticized and beyond the city's authority to change, they were the forerunner to the [[welfare reform]] measures adopted by Congress in [[1996]].
*[[Taiho]]
*[[Takamiyama]]
Newburgh was hit hard by the economic setbacks of the late 20th century, as factory after factory closed down or relocated to somewhere with cheaper labor costs. In the early 1970s, the city's response was an ambitious [[urban renewal]] plan that was only partly completed. Old and decrepit housing along the city's [[waterfront]] was cleared and [[demolition|demolished]]. Residents were relocated, or were supposed to be relocated, to newer [[housing project]]s around Muchattoes Lake in the city's interior.
*[[Takanohana II]]
*[[Takanonami]]
A grand complex that was planned for the cleared area was not built when state and federal spending began to dry up after the [[1973 oil crisis]]. To this day, the blocks of land that slope down to the river adjacent to downtown remain open grassy slopes, offering sweeping views of the Hudson but generating no [[property tax]]es for the city. Public sentiment is mixed on whether they should be built on again at all, and the city's view-protection ordinances make it less likely. Below, the waterfront was developed in the late 1990s after the city was once again able to secure grants from the state's Environmental Protection fund for [[riprap]] to stabilize the shoreline.
*[[Takatoriki]]
*[[Tamanoumi]]
Along with the failed urban renewal, the 1970s in Newburgh were also marked by [[race riot]]s and other tensions. The last big one, in 1978, led African-American students at [[Newburgh Free Academy]], the city's public high school, to [[boycott]] classes and ultimately to a major reorganization of the school system.
*[[Terao]]
*[[Tochiazuma]]
These tensions flared up again during the city's hotly contested 1995 mayoral election. Allegations of [[electoral fraud]] had dogged the city's first African-American woman mayor, Audrey Carey, since her 1991 victory in a four-way race. Supporters of Republican candidate Regina Angelo (now a Democrat herself) alleged that many registered voters in neighborhoods Carey had carried heavily used false addresses. In response, four years later deputy [[sheriff]]s were stationed at polling places and challenged voters to provide proof of residency and identity.
*[[Toki Susumu]]
*[[Wajima Hiroshi|Wajima]]
Although she won, Carey's supporters claimed that the deputy sheriffs had singled out minority voters for such challenges and accused the Republicans of [[vote suppression]]. These tensions were only aggravated when the council selected the county's Republican chairman at the time, Harry Porr, who had initiated the challenges, as the new city manager. Animosity between Carey and Porr and their respective supporters dominated city politics in the late 1990s, until Porr was fired and Carey defeated in 1999 (Porr would later be hired and fired again).
*[[Wakanohana Kanji II|Wakanohana]] II
*[[Wakanohana]] III
Newburgh in the early [[21st century]] is more racially diverse than it used to be, as a growing [[Latin American|Latin]] [[immigration|immigrant]] population complements the city's sizable [[African American]] contingent. [[Economic development]] is a major concern, but poorly envisioned, as the good jobs once found in the local manufacturing sector have not been replaced. Pockets of [[poverty]] persist in the city, often mere blocks away from its many historical and architectural [[landmark]]s (some of which are themselves in serious need of repair).
[[Image:Chambers Street, Newburgh, NY.jpg|325px|left|thumb|These homes on Chambers Street show the two faces of contemporary Newburgh: both historic, one newly renovated, the other exemplifying [[urban blight]].]]
Newburgh's preservation history can be traced all the way back to 1850 when Washington's Headquarters was designated a state historic site, the first in the country. Newburgh's Historical Society was founded in 1884. It purchased the 1834 Captain David Crawford house, its museum, in 1958, saving it from being demolished to make way for a parking lot for a funeral home. A movement to stop Urban Renewal lead to the development of a Historic District, now the second largest in New York State. The city was designated a Save America community in 2005 and it also signed an agreement with the [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|State Office of Historic Preservation]] as a Certified Local Government community. While the city's historic architecture has attracted a stable core of preservation-minded community activists willing to spend the time and money renovating houses, much work remains to be done. Part of the problem lies in the fact that the city government warehouses a large stock of ''[[Jurisdiction in rem|in rem]]'' properties within its Historic District that have fallen into disrepair as a result of its inability to secure them.
At different times, and by different measures, the city has been considered one of the poorest in New York State. Local citizens and city officials blame the county's Department of Social Services for making problems worse by using the city as a dumping ground for its poorest clients. County officials respond that they are only sending people where housing costs are the cheapest.
==Geography==
The city is on the west bank of the [[Hudson River]]. Next to it the land rises at first sharply to a bluff, where many historic homes are located due to the sweeping views it offers of the [[Hudson Highlands]] to the south, Mount Beacon to the east and the bridge to the north; then more gradually to a relatively level western half. There are some notable hills in outlying areas, such as Overlook Terrace in the city's southeast corner and Mount St. Mary's at the northeast.
The lowest elevation in the city is sea level along the river; the highest is roughly 690 feet (210 m) on Snake Hill along the city's southern boundary with the [[New Windsor, New York|Town of New Windsor]].
Newburgh is located at {{coor dms|41|30|11|N|74|1|10|W|city}} (41.503193, -74.019636){{GR|1}}.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 12.4 [[km²]] (4.8 [[square mile|mi²]]). 9.9 km² (3.8 mi²) of it is land and 2.5 km² (1.0 mi²) of it (20.08%) is water.
[[New York State Route 32]] and [[U.S. Route 9W]] pass through the city. [[New York State Route 17K]] and [[New York State Route 207]] also reach their eastern termini within city limits. [[Interstate 84 (east)|Interstate 84]] passes just north of the city and the [[New York State Thruway]] is not far to the west.
==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 28,259 people, 9,144 households, and 6,080 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 2,856.2/km² (7,393.6/mi²). There were 10,476 housing units at an average density of 1,058.8/km² (2,740.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 42.33% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 32.96% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.71% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.76% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 18.11% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.07% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 36.30% of the population.
There were 9,144 households out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 25.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.62.
In the city the population was spread out with 33.2% under the age of 18, 12.7% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,332, and the median income for a family was $32,519. Males had a median income of $26,633 versus $21,718 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,360. About 23.0% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 35.3% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
== Government ==
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Please note that vandalism of this page will not be tolerated; this includes unregistered IP addresses.
Vandalism includes adding of your own views, deleting large sections of text, and inserting manifestly false information. Anyone who vandalizes the page may be blocked for 24 hours without further warning.-->
Newburgh has five elected officials, a [[mayor]] and four [[city council|city councilmembers]], all elected at-large to four-year terms, staggered so that the mayor and two councilmembers are up for re-election one year and two others two years later. The mayor accepts all legal process and often serves as the symbolic head of the city, but other than that has no special powers or role. The city manager, who appoints all other city officials subject to council approval, serves at their pleasure.
City managers are frequently hired amidst high hopes, yet minimal criteria, and mutual resolve to do better; then fired, almost ritually and sometimes spectacularly. [[As of 2006]], the city has had four mayors and five managers (three if two who served twice aren't counted) in the last decade.
A recurring complaint has been that, rather than taking direction from council, some city managers have exploited divisions among members to turn it into a [[Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp]] for their policies and actions and render themselves unaccountable. There have been proposals to change the situation by assigning council members to wards or eliminating the city manager's position. But they have been perceived as politically motivated, and thus have not been adopted. However, the current mayor, Nick Valentine campaigned in 2003 as being the "last mayor".
Jean McGrane, the first woman ever to hold the position, is the current City Manager.
== Politics ==
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Please note that vandalism of this page will not be tolerated; this includes unregistered IP addresses.
Vandalism includes adding of your own views, deleting large sections of text, and inserting manifestly false information. Anyone who vandalizes the page may be blocked for 24 hours without further warning.-->
Newburgh maintains a strong local [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], despite demographics and urban trends favoring [[Democratic Party (U.S.)|Democrats]]. Valentine, several other recent and current mayors and councilmembers and [[New York State Assembly|Assemblyman]] Thomas Kirwan, a resident, are Republicans. This has been the case since 1900, when the Republicans engineered a takeover of a till-then Democratic city, following years in which some prominent local Democrats gradually changed parties as a result of the [[American Civil War]]. Whether a more diverse city will effect a similar reversal in the new century remains to be seen.
== Facts ==
* Home to Mount Saint Mary College and SUNY Orange County Community College.
* Karpele's Manuscript Museum is found in the City of Newburgh.
* Highest ratio of houses of worship to residents of any city in the country.
* Downing Park, designed by [[Calvert Vaux]] and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] (designers of NYC's Central Park), is named after [[Andrew Jackson Downing]], Vaux's partner and Olmsted's mentor.
==Famous Newburghians==
*[[Andrew Jackson Downing]] (architect and landscape designer, b. 1815)
*[[Geraldine Ferraro]] (member of Congress and vice presidential candidate, b. 1935)
*[[Saul Williams]] (hip hop musician and poet, b. 1972)
==Literature==
* E. M. Ruttenber, ''History of Orange County with History of the City of Newburgh'', (Newburgh, 1876)
* J. J, Nutt, ''Newburgh: Her Institutions, Industries, and Leading Citizens'', (Newburgh, 1891)
* L. P. Powell, (editor) ''Historic Towns of the Middle States'', (New York, 1899)
==External links==
* [http://www.newburgh-ny.com City of Newburgh site]
* [http://www.newburghrevealed.org/ Newburgh Revealed]
* [http://www.voy.com/166166/ Unofficial City of Newburgh Blog]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|41.503193|-74.019636}}
{{New York}}
[[Category:Newburgh, New York]]
[[Category:American Revolutionary War]]
| 