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[[Image:Aqua-distillata.jpg|thumb|250px|Bottle for Distilled water in the Real Farmacia in Madrid.]]
{{More sources|school article|date=January 2007}}
'''Distilled water''' is [[water]] that has virtually all of its [[Impurity|impurities]] removed through [[distillation]]. Distillation involves [[boiling]] the water and re-condensing the [[steam]] into a clean container, leaving most contaminants behind.
{{Infobox English Public School
|name = The King's School, Chester
|image = [[Image:Snow_005.jpg|300px]]
|motto = ''Rex dedit benedicat deus'' (The King gave it, may God bless it)
|foundation = [[1541]]
|type = Church of England independent co-educational primary, secondary and sixth form
|head_master = Mr Tim J Turvey
|chairman_of_trustees = K James
|___location = [[Chester]], [[Cheshire]], [[UK]]
|pupils = Just over 900
|staff =
|houses = Evans, Falles, Lindans, Shepards
|colours = Green, Blue, White
|website = [http://www.kingschester.co.uk/ www.kingschester.co.uk]
}}
==Applications==
'''The King's School, Chester''', a [[coeducational]] [[independent school]] in [[Chester]], [[England]]. It is one of [[The King's School|seven schools]] established, or in some cases re-endowed and renamed, by King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] in [[1541]] during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] for the education of 'poor friendless boys'.
{{Unreferencedsect|date=July 2007}}
In chemical and biological laboratories, as well as industry, cheaper alternatives such as [[deionized water]] are preferred over distilled water.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} However, if these alternatives are not sufficiently pure, distilled water is used. Where exceptionally high purity water is required, [[double distilled water]] is used.
Distilled water is also commonly used to top up [[lead acid batteries]] used in cars and trucks. The presence of other ions commonly found in tap water will cause a drastic reduction in its lifespan.
Once conjoined to [[Chester Cathedral]], where the modern day Barclays Bank now stands, the school moved to its present site on Wrexham Road in 1960. Single [[sex]] for much of its [[history]], the [[school]] admitted [[girls]] into the sixth form in September 1998 and became fully co-educational in September 2004.
Distilled water is preferable to tap water for use in automotive cooling systems. The minerals and ions typically found in tap water can be corrosive to internal engine components, and can cause a more rapid depletion of the anti-corrosion additives found in most [[antifreeze]] formulations.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
With the advent of co-education, the school has experienced a significant degree of redevelopment: an all-weather sports pitch, a new music school and the purchase of adjacent farmland are amongst the changes. The school has enjoyed several sporting successes in recent years, notably winning the ISFA cup in [[March]] [[2006]], and has always been regarded as a strong rowing school - to the extent that it has produced several [[Oxbridge]] and more than one [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[rower]]. King's most notable former pupil to continue rowing is Tom James, who is current President of the Cambridge University Boat Club and won the 2007 [[Boat Race]].
Using distilled water in [[steam iron]]s for pressing clothes can help reduce mineral build-up and make the iron last longer. However, many iron manufacturers say that distilled water is no longer necessary in their irons.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
The school has a strong academic record. Most recently over 50% As at A level, and 83% As and A*s at GCSE. Extra curriculum subjects such as ECDL are popular among students.
Some people use distilled water for household [[aquariums]] because it lacks the chemicals found in [[tap water]] supplies. It is important to supplement distilled water when using it for [[fishkeeping]]; it is too pure to sustain proper chemistry to support an aquarium ecosystem.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
Other [[The King's School|King's Schools]] are at [[The King's School, Canterbury|Canterbury]], [[The King's School, Ely|Ely]], [[The King's School, Gloucester|Gloucester]], [[The King's School, Peterborough|Peterborough]], [[The King's School, Rochester|Rochester]] and [[The King's School, Worcester|Worcester]]
==Drinking distilled water==
Academically the school appears to have experienced an relative decline, although remaining one of the top independent schools in the whole world. Having been rated thirteenth<ref name=rating>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/education_league_tables/32247.stm School Rating Report (BBC)] </ref> amongst U.K. independent schools in 1998 , the school now hovers around 50.
{{Unreferencedsect|date=February 2007}}
Drinking distilled water is quite common.
Many beverage manufacturers use distilled water to ensure a drink's purity and taste. Bottled distilled water is sold as well, and can usually be found in [[supermarkets]]. [[Water purification]], such as distillation, is especially important in regions where water resources or tap water is not suitable for ingesting without boiling or chemical treatment.
== The Headmaster ==
Its current headmaster since 2000 is Tim Turvey, a biologist, who was appointed having served as headmaster of [[Hulme Grammar School]]. His predecessor was [[Roger Wickson]], a medieval historian, who presided over the school for nineteen years between 1981 and 2000 after a career dotted around several southern public schools. Tim Turvey will be standing down in July 2007 - the consequence of a contractually enforced retirement age of sixty - with his successor, the current head of [[King's_College_(Taunton)|King's College Taunton]] Chris Ramsey, due to start in September 2007. A graduate of Modern and Medieval Languages from [[Cambridge University]], Chris Ramsey has also served as Head of Modern Languages at [[Shrewsbury School]].
Water filtration devices are common in many households. Most of these devices do not distill water, though there continues to be an increase in consumer-oriented [[water distiller]]s and reverse osmosis machines being sold and used. Municipal water supplies often add or have trace impurities at levels which are regulated to be safe for consumption. Much of these additional impurities, such as [[volatile organic compounds]], [[fluoride]], and an estimated 75,000+ other chemical compounds{{Fact|date=February 2007}} are not removed through conventional filtration; however, distillation does eliminate nearly all of these impurities.
== Development ==
The school is currently going through a period of development, in which many new facilities are being built. Amongst the completed deveolpments are the all-weather outdoor sports pitch, the expansion to the [[Art]] and [[Design Technology]] departments. Four new general purpose classrooms for the Junior School have been built and there are two specialist classrooms for the Junior School. Other new facilities are the [[tennis]]/[[netball]] courts, a classroom for the Senior School, a medical centre, a music school, the [[fishing]] facilities are being planned. More land has been acquired for football pitches.
Distilled water is also used as drinking water in arid seaside areas which do not have sufficient freshwater, by distilling seawater. It is quite common on ships, especially [[nuclear ship|nuclear powered ships]], which require a large supply of distilled water as coolant. The drinking water is produced in [[desalination plant]]s, although it is very expensive due to the large amount of fuel needed to boil water. Alternative technologies like [[reverse osmosis]] are becoming increasingly important in this regard due to their greatly reduced costs.
Future developments include improved facilities for a larger [[Sixth Form]]; improved facilities for girls at the [[sport rowing|rowing]] club; improved [[catering]] facilities for vegan and Jewish diets.
==Old=Pros King'sand Scholarscons===
The drinking of distilled water has been both advocated and discouraged for health reasons. The lack of naturally-occurring minerals in distilled water has raised some concerns.
Notable alumni of the school include:
*[[Ronald Pickup]], actor
*[[Randolph Caldecott]], Illustrator
*[[Major General]] James Dutton, former Commandant-General, Royal Marines
*[[Steve Leonard]], television vet and BBC presenter
*[[George Mallory]], born in Mobberley, Cheshire, famous mountaineer, died in 1924 climbing Mount Everest
*[[Rob Eastaway]], mathematician and ex-puzzle writer for [[New Scientist]]
*[[Mike Parry]], talkSPORT presenter
*[[Hugh Lloyd]], comedy actor
*[[Keith Oates]], former [[M&S]] finance director
*[[Patrick Mercer]], [[Member of Parliament]]{{Fact|date=March 2007}}
*Antony Fairbanks, biochemist at Oxford University and one of only two Old King's Scholars to be named as an answer on UK television quiz show [[University Challenge]]. Unfortunately in this case he was the wrong answer.
The Journal of General Internal Medicine<ref>{{Citation
== Notable teachers, past and present ==
| last1=Azoulay | first1=Arik
* [[Roger Wickson]], former headmaster and author of "The community of the realm in thirteenth century England" (Longmans 1970).
| last2=Garzon | first2=Philippe
* [[Barry Horne (footballer)]], former [[Everton F.C.]] midfielder<ref name=everton> [http://www.toffeeweb.com/history/legends/Horne.asp King's teacher in Everton hall of fame] </ref> and Chemistry teacher.
| last3=Eisenberg | first3=Mark
* Paul Shannon, head of Modern Languages and writer/compiler of many books, articles and video scripts on railways.
| year=2001
* [[Timothy Heavisides]], head of English and musician.
| title=Comparison of the Mineral Content of Tap Water and Bottled Waters
| periodical=Journal of General Internal Medicine
| volume=16
| issue=3
| pages=168-175
| url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.04189.x/enhancedabs/
}}</ref> published a study on the mineral contents of different waters available in the US. The study concluded, "drinking water sources available to North Americans may contain high levels of [[Calcium]], [[Magnesium]], and [[Sodium]] and may provide clinically important portions of the recommended dietary intake of these minerals. Physicians should encourage patients to check the mineral content of their drinking water, whether tap or bottled, and choose water most appropriate for their needs." Since distilled water doesn't contain minerals, supplemental mineral intake through diet is needed to maintain proper health.
It is often observed that consumption of "hard" water, or water that has some minerals, may have beneficial cardiovascular effects. As noted in the American Journal of Epidemiology, consumption of hard drinking water is negatively correlated with atherosclerotic [[heart disease]].<ref>{{Citation
== Sport ==
| last=Voors
===Football===
| first=A. W.
King's has had much success in football over the years. The school has recently built an AstroTurf pitch and employed a new Director of Football (Barry Horne, former Welsh captain and F.A Cup winner).
| year=1971
| title=Mineral in the municipal water and atherosclerotic heart death
| periodical=American Journal of Epidemiology
| volume=93
| issue=4
| pages=259-266
| url=http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/93/4/259
}}</ref> Since distilled water is devoid of minerals, it will not have these potential benefits.
It has been suggested that -- because distilled water lacks [[fluoride]] ions that are added by many governments (e.g. municipalities in the United States) at water treatment plants using [[fluoridation]] for its supposed effect on the inhibition of [[caries|cavity]] formation -- the drinking of distilled water may increase the risk of tooth decay due to a lack of this element.<ref>[http://www.medpagetoday.com/PrimaryCare/DentalHealth/tb/1756 ''Bottled Water Cited as Contributing to Cavity Comeback'' at MedPage Today]</ref>
In the ISFA Cup the school beat hot favourites [[Millfield School]] (2-1) in the 2005-2006 [[ISFA]] Cup national soccer tournament final and are currently the Boodles ISFA cup holders.
A purported effect of drinking water in its pure form is a 'more powerful solvent' that helps cleanse toxins from the body{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
King's began this years ISFA cup games at home playing [[Highgate School]]. However they lost 2-4.
The cost of distilling water (about 0.04 to 0.10 Euro or USD per litre in 2005) prohibits its use by most households worldwide.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
=== Rowing ===
The King's School's [[rowing club]] is amongst the most successful [[school]] [[boat club]]s in the [[country]] with recent successes being a [[bronze]] in Championship Eights at the National Schools' [[Regatta]] [[2006]] and losing finalists in the [[Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup]] at [[Henley Royal Regatta]] 2006. The school also has a good record of producing outstanding individual oarsmen including Tom James, James Ball, Matthew Hampson, Chris Bartley, James Ashworth, Peter Rudge and Jim Walker.
==Myths==
The King's [[boat house]] is situated on the [[River Dee]] in the centre of [[Chester]]. It stores over 100 boats ranging from beginner to Olympic standard.
A popular myth about distilled water is that it has the dangerous property of being more easily heated above its normal [[boiling point]] without actually boiling (as seen in "Mythbusters") in a process known as [[superheating]]. When superheated water is disturbed or has impurities added to it, a nucleation center for bubbles form. These bubbles are then new nucleation centers, and a sudden, explosive boiling can occur, possibly causing serious injury to those nearby. However, distilled water and tap water do not differ in their ease of or danger in being superheated. The dissolved impurities in motionless tap water do not present enough disturbance to inhibit superheating.
===Hockey===
The end of the 2005/2006 hockey season saw the retirement of 1st XI hockey coach [[Andrew Price]]. [[Andrew Price]] emigrated to Australia and was sorely missed by the team who became anxious as to who would replace the King's School hockey-mastermind of 13 years. The end of the season also saw the end of the team's association with England ladies coach [[Andrew Mitchell]], who managed to cultivate some of the King's 1st XI into Welsh internationals.
However, the 2006/2007 season saw the appointment of former England captain (mad man)[[Russell Hornby]], and since the King's hockey teams have come on even further. In 2006 the first team was ranked amongst the first few in the country. The J14 team have made it through to the latter stages of a national competition after winning the North West vs North East match Now it faces regional winners from around the country.
The School has also recently employed Pakistani Captain [[Ali Ghanzafar]] as coach for the 1st XI, thanks largely to [[Russell Hornby]], a team mate of Ghanzafar's at Bowdon Hockey Club. Ali will best be remembered by the first XI for the part he played in their 8-4 victory over [[Deeside Ramblers]] at the end of the 2006-2007 season, setting up two goals, smashing a knee cap of the opposition with a drag flick and aerialing the ball 70 yards. [[Russell Hornby]] also played an integral part in the same game, coming on with 10 minutes to go with King's 8-2 up in the unusual role of Centre Forward, with central defence being his usual position for Bowdon HC. King's would go on to concede two further goals with [[Russell Hornby]] on the pitch, although he denies any responsibility for this.
==The Arts and extra curricular activities ==
===Music===
The [[school]] has a new state of the art [[Music]] School, equipped with a [[recording studio]], a large recital [[room]], and a music technology room. It has a successful Schola Cantorum which recently toured Paris and sang at Notre Dame.
===Drama===
Annual productions of [[musical theatre]] at King's have occurred for much of the past half-century in the latter half of the Lent (Spring) term. Notable shows in the past 5 years include ''[[The Boy Friend]]'', ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'', ''[[Oklahoma!]]'', ''[[My Fair Lady]]'', ''[[West Side Story]]'', and most recently in 2007, the [[Stephen Sondheim]] musical ''[[Assassins (musical)|Assassins]]''.
== Controversy ==
The school has not been without its share of controversy however. Notably in 2005 previous teacher Barry Lewis was arrested and convicted for child pornography charges.<ref name=charges> [http://icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0100regionalnews/tm_objectid=15355665%26method=full%26siteid=50061-name_page.html Ex-Teacher charged with sex offences]</ref>
In July 2006 two boys were forced to leave the school after a [[drug]]s probe was conducted.<ref name=drugs>[http://iccheshireonline.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/chesterchronicle/tm_method=full%26objectid=17384706%26siteid=50020-name_page.html children forced to leave school after drugs probe] </ref>
Also in 2006 there was a cancellation of the traditional [[Sixth Form]] [[Muck-up day]], which according to the school was because of [[A level|public examinations]] taking place was met with anger from the 6th form, most of whom were accused for the actions of a few, who had released [[gerbils]] into the school [[library]] and started a [[food fight]]. It received coverage in the [[Chester Chronicle]] in which the school denied knowledge of the incident. The 6th form organised its own smaller celebration beside the [[River Dee]], at the Boathouse Pub and Bandstand, which included an informal photograph. The school later rescheduled the formal photograph, however many still feel let down due to the actions taken by the school.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}
==Combined Cadet Force==
The King's School's CCF is a contingent within the [[Combined Cadet Force]] of the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] in the [[United Kingdom]], originally formed during the [[First World War]]. It consists of the mandatory Army Section, with an additional [[RAF]] Section. Its nominal roll currently includes approximately 133 cadets.
The contingent is one of the best in the country, with an excellent record for both individual cadet and section achievements.
===Contingent Headquarters===
Contingent Commander: [[Squadron Leader|Sqn Ldr]] K L Shapland RAFVR(T)<br>
[[Officer Commanding|OC]] Army Section: [[Captain (UK)|Capt]] A Joseph [[British Empire Medal|BEM]]<br>
[[Officer Commanding|OC]] RAF Section: [[Flt Lt]] G Shapland RAFVR(T)<br>
Officers of the Army Section: Lt D Joseph, 2nd Lt M Lee<br>
Officers of the RAF Section: Flt Lt G Shapland RAFVR(T) Plt Off R Parry RAFVR(T)<br>
[[SNCO]] Army Section: [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] W Wilson-Theaker<br>
SNCO RAF Section: [[Sergeant|Sgt]] Pranav Khamar & [[Sergeant|Sgt]] Lewis Croft
===Past Contingent Commanders===
*2005 - Present: [[Squadron Leader|Sqn Ldr]] K L Shapland RAFVR(T)
*2004 - 2005: [[Major (UK)|Major]] I G Kelly [[Territorial Decoration|TD]] [[The King's Regiment|KINGS]]
*1979 - 2004: [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wg Cdr]] B Ball RAFVR(T)
===Section Commanders - Army===
*2006 - 2007: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] William Wilson-Theaker
*2005 - 2006: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Clement Barber
*2004 - 2005: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Nick Wilcox
*2003 - 2004: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Nick Wilcox
*2002 - 2003: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Jim Bligh
*2001 - 2002: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Jamie Wignall
*1999 - 2001: Cadet [[Regimental Sergeant Major|RSM]] Tom Storrar
[[Image:Raf_woodvale_2006_066.jpg|thumb|cadet getting out of the GROB tutor on the AEF to RAF Woodvale]]
===Section Commanders - Royal Air Force===
*2006 - 2007 Cadet [[Sergeant|Sgt]] Pranav Khamar & Cadet [[Sergeant|Sgt]] Lewis Croft
*2005 - 2006: CWO Aaron Ferguson
*2004 - 2005: CWO Gareth Probert
*2003 - 2004: CWO Richard Sawyer
*2002 - 2003: [[Flight Sergeant|FS]] Richard Sawyer
===Contingent achievements===
*2005 - Welbeck Pentathalon Competition | Jnr Team 1st Place, Snr Team 2nd Place
*2003 - Welbeck Pentathlon Competition | Snr Team 1st Place, Jnr Team 2nd Place
*2002 - Welbeck Pentathlon Competition | Jnr Team 1st Place
*Several wins of the 'Cheshire Cup' over several years
*Numerous Gliding Scholarships, Leadership & Personal achievements have been gained
*The [[RAF]] section produced a valiant display at the ground training competition. The team of elite [[cadets]] came 3rd and 4th in the air recognition and command task exercises respectively. They finished an overall 10th in the region which was a good result despite the relatively inexperienced team. [[Lance Corporal|LCpl]] Pranav Khamar was awarded the highest mark in the air recogniton task out of the whole [[region]]. The section has also recently done [[Air Experience Flight|AEF]] (Air Experience Flights).
The contingent was formed from the former ACF in 1979/1980 when an RAF section was added.
==References==
<references/>
{{reflist}}
==See External links also==
* [[Deionized water]]
* [http://www.kingschester.co.uk/ The King's School website]
* [[Atmospheric water generator]] ''(Make distilled water from air)''
* [http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/?DIRECT&DNUM=A1B9FDF/ The Good School Guide - Kings school chester]
* [[Heavy water]]
* [http://www.bowdonclub.com/hockey/HockeyMensProfiles.html/ Bowdon HC 1st XI Player Profiles]
* [[Double distilled water]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_6530000/newsid_6531700/6531723.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm BBC Interview with Tom James, former pupil and rower]
[[Category:Liquid water]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:King's School, Chester}}
[[Category:Distillation]]
[[Category:Drinking water]]
[[de:Destilliertes Wasser]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1540s]]
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[[Category:Public schools in Cheshire]]
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[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[it:Acqua distillata]]
[[Category:1541 establishments]]
[[he:מים מזוקקים]]
[[Category:Members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[nl:Gedestilleerd water]]
[[pl:Woda destylowana]]
[[pt:Água destilada]]
[[ru:Дистиллированная вода]]
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