|
[[Image:Bangladesh-demography.png|thumb|300px|right|Total population of Bangladesh, 1961-2003, in thousands. Source: [[FAO]]]]
{| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width=300
[[Bangladesh]] is [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] homogeneous. Indeed its name derives from the [[Bengali]] ethnic and linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. Bengalis, who are also present in large number in the [[West Bengal]] province of [[India]] are one of the most populous ethnic groups in the world. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the country. The dialect spoken by those in [[Sylhet]] is particularly distinctive.
|-
!colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#ff9999"|Town & Borough of Middlesbrough
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:EnglandMiddlesbrough.png]]
|-
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Geography
|-
|width="45%"|Status:||[[Unitary authority|Unitary]], borough
|-
|[[Regions of England|Region]]:||[[North East England]]
|-
|Ceremonial County:||[[North Yorkshire]]
|-
|[[Surface area|Area]]:<br>- Total||[[List of English districts by area|Ranked 296th]]<br>53.87 [[square kilometre|km²]]
|-
|Admin. HQ:||Middlesbrough
|-
|[[ONS coding system|ONS code]]:||00EC
|-
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Demographics
|-
|[[Population]]:<br>- Total ([[2006]] est.)<br>- [[Density]]||[[List of English districts by population|Ranked 137th]]<br>134,730<br>2,501 / km²
|-
|Ethnicity:||93.7% White<br>4.6% S.Asian
|-
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Politics
|-
|colspan=2 align=center|Middlesbrough Council<br>http://www.middlesbrough.gov.uk/
|-
|[[Local_government_in_England#Councils_and_councillors|Leadership]]:||Mayor & Cabinet
|-
|Mayor:||[[Ray Mallon]]<br>(Independent)
|-
|[[MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005|MPs]]:||[[Stuart Bell]], [[Ashok Kumar (politician)|Ashok Kumar]]
|}
The most significant minorities are the [[Urdu]] speaking [[Biharis]] around [[Dhaka]], [[Rangpur]] and elsewhere and various tribal groups such as the [[Chakma]] concentrated in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The Biharis emigrated from the Indian province of [[Bihar]] during the 1947 [[partition of India]]. In the 1971 independence struggle they supported West Pakistan, and those that remained became [[Stranded Pakistanis|refugees]]. [[Refugees International]] has called them a neglected and stateless people as they are denied citizenship and much of the 300,000 of them live in refugee camps, many being born there.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh], Refugees International, 2006-02-15</ref>
{{GBmap|Middlesbrough|NZ5118}}
'''Middlesbrough''' is a town and district in [[North-East England]], with a resident population in 2001 of 134,855. 2005 midyear estimates suggest a population of 144,823. However, the total unofficial population for the Middlesbrough urban area (including the greater Eston area) is closer to 190,000.
The [[religions]] practiced in the region have changed significantly through history. At various times in the distance past, [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were each the dominant religions. The [[Partition of India|1947 partition]] of Bengal along religious lines augmented the existing [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] majority in the region. The most recent estimate of religious makeup from the 2001 census reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf] .<ref name="bbs">[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Burueau of Statistics]</ref><ref name="cia_error">The CIA World Factbook's figures are apparently in error because they are incoherent. The 1990-1996 and 2001-2007 editions report 83% Muslim and 16% Hindu, but the 1997-2000 editions (as well as the 2005 Background Note from the US State Department) give Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%.</ref> About [[Demographics of Islam|5%]] of the Muslims (and most of the Biharis) are [[Shia]].
Historically, the areas of [[Eston]], [[Grangetown]], [[Normanby]], [[Ormesby]], [[South Bank, Middlesbrough|South Bank]] and [[Teesville]] were all part of the urban area and [[municipal borough]] of Middlesbrough, but the current boundaries of Middlesbrough (set in 1974) were more tightly drawn than the pre-1968 limits, and they are now included in the borough of [[Redcar and Cleveland]]. Middlesbrough lies at the heart of the [[Teesside]] and [[Tees Valley]] urban area which has approximately 657,000 residents. A further 100,000 live on the outskirts, dependent on the income and council of the area.
As in neighboring India, more than half of the population lives in [[agrarian]] rural villages. But urbanization is proceeding rapidly and the capitol [[Dhaka]] is one of the fastest growing and largest cities in the world. Other major urban centers include [[Chittagong]] and [[Khulna]].
It is historically part of the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]], but in 1974 became part of the new [[non-metropolitan county]] of [[Cleveland, England|Cleveland]]. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough became a [[unitary authority]], though it remained part of the [[North Yorkshire]] [[ceremonial county]].
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=-29
| publisher = World Gazetteer
| title = Bangladesh: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population
| accessdate = 2006-07-28
}}</ref>
The least densely populated areas are in the [[Sundarbans]] jungle and the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
Bangladesh had one of the highest rates of population growth in the world in the 1960's and 1970's. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total [[fertility rate]], from 6.2 thirty years ago to 3.2 (2003 UNDP figures).
Unlike most English districts, its council is led by a [[Mayors in the United Kingdom|directly-elected mayor]], currently Mr. [[Ray Mallon]]. Mr. Mallon was previously a senior officer in Cleveland Constabulary, and was noted for a [[zero-tolerance]] approach to crime, adopted from the [[New York]] system, during his time as head of Middlesbrough's [[Criminal Investigation Department|CID]].
==Demographic data from the CIA World Factbook==
Middlesbrough is situated on the south bank of the [[River Tees]] on the edge of the [[North York Moors National Park]], recently featured on television as "[[Heartbeat (television)|Heartbeat]] Country". The [[Yorkshire Dales]] are only a short distance away.
[[Image:Bangladesh population pyramid 2005.png|thumb|300px|[[Population pyramid]] of Bangladesh]]
===Population===
:150,448,339 (July 2007 est.)
:124,355,263 (2001 Census)
[http://pdteesport.pdports.co.uk/ Teesport], the 2nd largest port in the country and the 10th largest in [[Western Europe]], lies 3 miles to the East, and [http://www.teessideairport.com/devel/___location/index.shtml Durham Tees Valley Airport] (one of the fastest growing airports in the country) lies 8 miles to the West. North East of Middlesbrough, the Tees [[estuary]] with its colony of breeding [[seal]]s, has extensive sandy beaches in both directions. Some 7000 [[salmon]] and 13,000 [[sea trout]] migrated upstream through the estuary in 2000. [[Saltburn]] boasts some of the best and most challenging surf in Britain, and beyond, sheer cliffs rise to [[Boulby Head]], the highest point on the east coast of England.
===Age History structure===
:0-14 years: 32.9% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)
Although often thought of as a settlement with no early history, the name Middlesbrough can trace its roots back a long way. Mydilsburgh is the earliest recorded form of the name and the element 'burgh' denotes an ancient fort or settlement of pre-[[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] origin. The burgh may have included a monastic cell and was probably situated on the elevated land where the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] church of St Hildas (demolished in 1969) was later built, while the 'Mydil' or middle could be either a person's name or a reference to Middlesbrough's ___location, half way between the great [[Christian]] centres of [[Durham]] and [[Whitby]].
:15-64 years: 63.6% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)
:65 years and over: 3.5% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.)
===Median age===
[[Image:downtownboro.jpeg|left|thumb|275px|'Middlehaven' regeneration project]]After the [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxons]] the area became home to [[Viking]] settlers and it is argued by some that ''old'' [[Cleveland]] has the highest density of [[Scandinavian]] parish names in Britain. Names of [[Viking]] origin are abundant in the area - for example, Thornaby, Ormesby, Stainsby, Lackenby, Maltby, Normanby, Tollesby and Lazenby which were once separate villages that belonged to Vikings called Thormad, Orm, Steinn, Hlakkande, Malti and Toll, but now form suburbs of Middlesbrough. Lazenby was the village belonging to a Leysingr - a freeman; Normanby, a Norseman's village and Danby (in neighbouring [[North Yorkshire]]), a Dane's village. The name Mydilsburgh is the earliest recorded form of Middlesbrough's name and dates to [[Saxon]] times (400 to 1000 A.D.), whilst many of the aforementioned mentioned villages appear in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086.
:Total: 22.2 years
:Male: 22.2 years
:Female: 22.2 years (2006 est.)
===Population growth rate===
In 1801 Middlesbrough consisted of just four farmhouses, but during the latter half of the 19th century experienced a growth unparalleled in England. It was famously dubbed by [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone]] 'an infant [[Hercules]]' in 'England's enterprise'.
:3.09% (2006 est.)
===Birth rate===
Development began with [[Joseph Pease]] the [[Darlington]] industrialist, who saw the possibilities of Middlesbrough as a port for North East coal, but the great leap forward began with the discovery of ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1850. In 1841, [[Henry Bolckow]] (pronounced Belko), who had come to England in 1827, formed a partnership with [[John Vaughan]] of [[Wales]], and started an iron-foundry and rolling mill at Middlesbrough. It was Vaughan who discovered the ironstone deposits. Pig-iron production rose tenfold between 1851 and 1856. Bolckow became mayor in 1853 and Middlesbrough's first MP. The rapid growth of the town, from a few thousand in the 1840s to over 91,000 in 1901 saw the prophetic words (probably spoken by Pease), of '[[Yarm]] was, [[Stockton-on-Tees|Stockton]] is, Middlesbrough will be' come true. Indeed, the motto chosen by the first body of town councillors was in fact 'Erimus'; Latin for 'We will be'.
:29.8 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
===Death rate===
The Bell brothers opened their great ironworks on the banks of the Tees in 1853. Steel production began at [[Port Clarence]] in 1889 and an amalgamation with [[Dorman Long]] followed. After rock salt was discovered under the site in 1874, the salt-extraction industry on Teesside was founded. By now Bell Brothers had become a vast concern employing some 6,000 people. [[Isaac Lowthian Bell]]'s own eminence in the field of applied science, where he published many weighty papers, and as an entrepreneur whose knowledge of blast furnaces was unrivalled, led to universal recognition. He was the first president of the [[Iron and Steel Institute]], and the first recipient of the [[Bessemer Gold Medal]] in 1874. Bell was Lord Mayor of Newcastle in 1854-1855, and again in 1862-1863. He served as MP for [[Hartlepool]] in 1875-1880.
:8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
===Net migration rate===
Middlesbrough gained a "twin" in 1890 when the town of [[Middlesborough, Kentucky]] was incorporated in the [[United States]]; it was named after its English namesake due to the discovery of ironstone deposits in the region.
:-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
===Sex ratio===
[[Image:TransporterBridgeMbro.jpg|left|thumb|275px|Transporter Bridge at night]]
:At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
For many years in the 19th century [[Teesside]] set the world price for iron and steel. The [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] (1932) was designed and built by [[Dorman Long]] of Middlesbrough, and has MADE IN MIDDLESBROUGH stamped on the side. The company was also responsible for the earlier [[Tyne Bridge|New Tyne Bridge]] across the river at [[Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Newcastle]].
:Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female
:Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
===Infant mortality rate===
Via a 1907 [[Act of Parliament]] the Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Company also built the great [[Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge|Transporter Bridge]] (1911) which spans the Tees itself between Middlesbrough and [[Billingham]], and at 850 feet long and 225 feet high, is the largest of its type in the world, remaining in daily use (although it is worth noting, that unlike as is suggested by the plot of popular [[BBC]] drama/comedy [[Auf Wiedersehen, Pet]], the bridge was ''not'' at any point dismantled and removed to [[Arizona]]. It is, indeed, a Grade II* [[listed building]]).
:Total: 60.83 deaths/1,000 live births
:Male: 61.87 deaths/1,000 live births
:Female: 59.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
===Life expectancy at birth===
The great steelworks, chemical plants, shipbuilding and offshore fabrication yards that followed the original Middlesbrough ironworks, have in the recent past contributed to Britain's prosperity in no small measure and still do to this day.
:Total population: 62.46 years
:Male: 62.47 years
:Female: 62.45 years (2006 est.)
===Total fertility rate===
Middlesbrough is twinned with the German city of [[Oberhausen]], [[Masvingo]] in Zimbabwe and [[Dunkerque]] in France.
:3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
===HIV/AIDS===
== Middlesbrough today ==
:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
[[Image:MbroTownHall.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Middlesbrough Town Hall]]
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 13,000 (2001 est.)
Middlesbrough is not naturally abundant in ancient buildings, and the townscape is largely workaday. There are however some relatively old buildings still to be found, such as [[Acklam Hall]] which was built c.1680 by Sir [[William Hustler (draper)|William Hustler]] and is a [[Grade I]] listed building. [[Ormesby Hall]] a Palladian mansion was largely built around 1740, but an older wing dating from around 1599, still exists. The Town Hall, a Grade II Listed Building, is equally a most imposing structure, while the Old Town Hall of 1864 has undeniable charm. The Empire Theatre next to the Town Hall is also a very grand building, and the Little Theatre in Linthorpe was the first new theatre built in England after [[World War II]]. There are some interesting churches for example at Acklam, Marton and Stainton (c.12th century), a modern [[Roman Catholic]] [[Cathedral]] at [[Coulby Newham]], and some of the modern schools are worthy of note. The city can also boast this country’s only public sculpture by the celebrated modern American artist [[Claes Oldenburg]], the "Bottle O' Notes", which and relates to [[James Cook|Captain James Cook]]. Based alongside it today in the town's Central Gardens is the town's [[art gallery]] (The [[Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art]]) and education suite. The [[Dorman Long]] office on Zetland Street is the only commercial building ever designed by [[Philip Webb]], the great architect who worked for Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell.
:Deaths: 650 (2001 est.)
===Major infectious diseases===
Middlesbrough is no longer a heavy industrial town, though there are areas around which still support chemical, fertiliser and iron and steel production. It has a large and comprehensive shopping district made up of several separate [[shopping centre]]s, which include 'The Mall Cleveland' renamed in 2005 from 'Cleveland Shopping Centre', 'Dundas Street Shopping' renamed in 2005 from 'Dundas Shopping Arcade', 'Hill Street Shopping Centre' and 'Captain Cook Square'. Linthorpe Road is home to several independent and national fashion shops, most notably the multi-award winning [http://www.psyche.co.uk/ Psyche], regularly scooping accolades over the likes of the [[Selfridges]], [[Harvey Nichols]] & [[Libertys]] stores in [[London]], and hence regarded as one of the finest of its kind in the [[United Kingdom]].
:Degree of risk: high
:Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
:Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
:Water contact disease: leptospirosis
:Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)
===Nationality===
The town's centre has been undergoing a modernising makeover in recent years, including the addition of 'Spectra-txt', a 10 metre high interactive tower of metal and fibre-optics inspired by [[Blade Runner]]. 'Spectra-txt' allows the public to send an [[Short message service|SMS]] (text) message via mobiles phones to change the colours of the lights. Texting various codes, such as 'Chromapop' produce a display of changing colour lights. Accompanying cultural attractions include the century-old [http://www.dormanmuseum.co.uk/ Dorman Museum] on Linthorpe Road and the [http://www.middlesbrough.gov.uk/main.asp?User=sknznspyxitfcafoilckjaij&Section=4803 Captain Cook Birthplace Museum] in [[Marton, Middlesbrough|Marton]].
:Noun: Bangladeshi(s)
:Adjective: Bangladeshi
==Image=Ethnic gallerygroups===
:Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
<gallery>
Image:Spectratext.jpg|The Spectra-txt sculpture
Image:Middsbottle37.JPG|The Bottle O’ Notes sculpture
Image:Middscourt38.JPG|Middlesbrough combined court
Image:Middtownhall41.JPG|Middlesbrough Town Hall
</gallery>
===Religions===
==Middlesbrough the Future==
The Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art (mima) is an impressive £19 million gallery for contemporary visual art, and has been designed by one of [[Europe]]'s top architects [[Erick van Egeraat]] ([[Rotterdam]] and London). It is due to open in 2006.
:Muslim - 89.58%, Hindu - 9.34%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31% and Animists - 0.15% (2001 Census) [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf]
As part of it's £1.5 billion investment programme; Tees Valley Regeneration has started work on reclaiming Middlesbrough Docklands with the £500 million [http://www.teesvalleyregeneration.co.uk/pages/project/project=Middlehaven Middlehaven] scheme to bring new business and homes to a 250 [[acre]] (1 km²) area. The first phase around the former docklands has already begun and is visible from the [[Riverside Stadium]]. The master plan drawn up by [[Will Alsop]] in 2004, includes proposals for the relocation of [[Middlesbrough College]], the building of a virtual reality centre by [[Teesside University]] (part of the [http://www.thedigitalcity.org/html/frames.html Digital City] development), in addition to numerous offices, hotels, bars, restaurants and leisure attractions. [http://www.teesvalleyregeneration.co.uk/ Tees Valley Regeneration] now has a shortlist of five developers seeking to build at [http://www.teesvalleyregeneration.co.uk/pages/project/project=Middlehaven Middlehaven], the list includes some of the most prestigious and groundbreaking names in development and regeneration, and a decision on the chosen developer is due to be made in the next few months.
:Muslim - 88.31%, Hindu 10.52%, Boudhists - 0.58%, Christian - 0.33% and Animist - 0.26% (1991 census)
The [http://www.smi-teesvalley.co.uk/ Stockton-Middlesbrough Initiative] is a 20 year vision for regenerating the urban core of the [[Tees Valley]], the main focus being the area of 30 km² along the banks of the [[River Tees]] between the two centres of [[Stockton-on-Tees | Stockton]] and Middlesbrough. The master plan has been drawn up by environmental design specialists [http://www.gillespies.co.uk/updatesingle_19.html Gillespies], the eventual aim being to create a distinctive high-quality city of over 320,000 citizens at the heart of the Tees Valley, by connecting both Middlesbrough and [[Stockton-on-Tees | Stockton]] along the [[Tees]] corridor. The project will include not only the existing developments at [http://www.teesvalleyregeneration.co.uk/pages/project/project=Middlehaven Middlehaven] and [http://www.teesvalleyregeneration.co.uk/pages/project/project=northbank North Shore] [[Stockton-on-Tees | Stockton]], but many others over a 15-20 year period.
:Muslim - 86.65%, Hindu - 12.13%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31%, Animist - 0.29% (1981 Census)
== Sport ==
===Languages===
[[Image:RiversidesStadium.jpg|right|thumb|275px|The Riverside Stadium, Middlesbrough]]
:Bangla (official, also known as Bengali)
The Premiership football team, [[Middlesbrough F.C.]], owned by local entrepreneur and Bulkhaul boss [[Steve Gibson (chairman)|Steve Gibson]], is based at the [[Riverside Stadium]] by the [[River Tees]], having moved from its traditional home at [[Ayresome Park]] during the 1990s. In the coming 2005/2006 season, Middlesbrough will be the only North Eastern team being represented in European competition, namely the [[UEFA Cup]], having finished 7th in the 2004/2005 [[FA Premier League|Premier League]].
== Education =Literacy===
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 43.1%
:Male: 53.9%
:Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)
==Other demographic data==
Middlesbrough has been a [[university]] town since 1992. With almost 20,000 students it is home to the [[University of Teesside]] which, along with ARC at Stockton-on-Tees, UGC Cinema in Middlesbrough, and the [[Riverside Stadium]], hosts the annual [[Animex|Animex International Festival of Animation]]. The University of Teesside is internationally recognised as a leading institute for computer animation and games design. The university also houses Teesside Business School as well as other specialised Schools of Arts & Media, Computing, Health & Social Care, Science & Technology and Social Sciences & Law. During Middlesbrough's past the University, as Teesside Polytechnic, was a highly regarded institution for the teaching of such disciplines as chemical engineering.
Naturally there is some degree of uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such as Bangladesh with a high level of illiteracy and rural population. Thus the margin of error is such that in 2005 it was unknown which of Bangladesh and [[Russia]] has the larger population. For example the UN's ESA ranked Russia 7th and Bangladesh 8th, whereas the CIA World Factbook ranked Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th. At any rate, the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing. Most rankings in 2007 now show Bangladesh to be larger. The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.
{|class="wikitable"
The University is not alone in providing [[further education|further]] and [[higher education]] in the town. There is the usual selection of modern [[school]]s and [[sixth form]]s, such as [[The King's Academy]] in Coulby Newham, while with a further 16,000 students [[Middlesbrough College]] covers the four campuses of Acklam, Kirby, Marton and Longlands, including the one-time Acklam Hall. Also on offer in Linthorpe, are two of three campuses of the [[Cleveland College of Art and Design]], the only such college remaining in the North-East.
|-
== Eminent residents ==
| Source
| align="center" | Year
| align="center" | Population (millions)
|-
Captain [[James Cook]] was born in Marton, which is in the south-east of Middlesbrough. Other famous people from the town include:
| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>
| align="center" | 1991
| align="center" | 112
|-
*Sports
| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>
** Rugby player [[Rory Underwood]]
| align="center" | 2001
** Footballers [[Don Revie]], [[Wilf Mannion]] and [[Brian Clough]]
| align="center" | 129
** Olympic swimmer [[Jack Hatfield]]
*The Arts
**Comedians [[Dave Morris]], [[Bob Mortimer]] and [[Roy Chubby Brown]]
**Musicians [[Chris Rea]], [[Paul Rodgers]] and [[David Coverdale]]
**Actors [[Wendy Richard]], [[Liz Carling]], [[Thelma Barlow]], [[Lila Kaye]],and [[Jerry Desmonde]]
*Other Entertainers:
**Magician [[Paul Daniels]]
**TV Presenter [[Kirsten O'Brien]]
|-
Other eminent sons and daughters of Middlesbrough and its environs include [[E. W. Hornung]], the creator of the gentleman-crook Raffles (who was fluent in three Yorkshire dialects, and [[Naomi Jacob]] novelist. [[Florence Easton]], the Wagnerian soprano at the New York Met and [[Cyril Smith]], the concert pianist, were also natives. The famous M.P. [[Ellen Wilkinson]] wrote a novel ''Clash'' (1929) which paints a very positive picture of ‘Shireport’ (Middlesbrough). [[Florence Olliffe Bell]]'s classic study ''At The Works''(1907) gives a striking picture of the area at the turn of the century. She also edited the letters of her step-daughter [[Gertrude Bell]] which have been continuously in print since 1927. [[Pat Barker]]'s debut novel ''Union Street'' was set on the thoroughfare of the same name in the town, its central theme of [[prostitution]] still associated with the area around it to this day.
| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/profile/bangladesh.cfm | publisher = [[United Nations Population Fund]] | title = Indicators: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>
[[Ford Madox Ford]] was billeted in Eston during WWI and his great novel sequence ''Parade's End'' is partly set in Busby Hall, Carlton in Cleveland.
| align="center" | 2003
| align="center" | 150
|-
[[Adrian 'Six Medals' Warburton]], air photographer, was played by Alec Guinness in 'Malta Story'.
| UN Dept Economic and Social Affairs<ref>Medium fertility variant, {{cite web | url = http://esa.un.org/unpp/ | title = World Population Prospects: 2004 Revision | publisher = UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 142
|-
== Smoggy ==
| US State Dept<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3452.htm | publisher = [[U.S. Department of State]] | title = Background Note: Bangladesh | date = 2005-08}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
The derogatory label [[Smoggy]] (or Smoggie) has from the late 20th century onwards been applied to people from Middlesbrough and the rest of surrounding Teesside area, due to the past concentrations of particularly steel and chemical industries (and the pollution from them). However any such worries about [http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/index.php Middlesbrough's air quality] today are unfounded, with air quality matching the standard of most British towns and cities - and exceeding many. The more correct term for a local would be Teessider.
| Population Reference Bureau<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prb.org/TemplateTop.cfm?Section=PRB_Country_Profiles&template=/customsource/countryprofile/countryprofiledisplay.cfm&Country=395 | publisher = Population Reference Bureau | title = Country Profiles: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
Middlesbrough also had the misfortune recently to be listed in [[The Idler]] magazine's book of ''[[Crap Towns]]'', an index of the supposed 'worst places to live in the UK' submitted via a website. It should be noted however, that not many towns and cities were not included in the list, which included such diverse places as London, [[Brighton]], [[Chester]] and [[Bath]]. Unluckily enough for the town, this was not the last time it was to feature in such inauspicious circumstances - for in 2005 it was then declared the '5th worst place to live in Britain' in a controversial [[Kirstie Allsopp]] and [[Phil Spencer]] [[Channel 4]] programme of the same theme.
| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2006/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2006 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2006
| align="center" | 147
|-
Indeed, the combination of town pride over the exploits of [[Captain James Cook|Cook]], and the notoriety of some of the present-day town's less affluent districts, has been thought to inspire the quip: "Middlesbrough is a great place to come from, as long as you come a long way from it".
| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/english/notes/indicators/e_indicator2.pdf | publisher = United Nations Population Fund | title = State of World Population 2006 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2006
| align="center" | 144
|-
== Crime ==
| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2007 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2007
| align="center" | 150
|-
| UN<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006_highlights.pdf | publisher = UN | title = World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2007
| align="center" | 159
|}
==References==
Over the past decade Middlesbrough was ranked amongst the 10 worst districts for acquisitive crime rates in England, peaking at 4th place and sometimes behind [[Manchester]], [[Nottingham]], [[Kingston upon Hull]] and parts of [[Inner London]]. However recent efforts from Ray Mallon and an increase of community service officers has helped crime, particularly property crime and robbery, nose dive and as a result Middlesbrough has gained the largest reductions in crime in England over the last two years.
*{{CIA WFB 2006}}
*{{StateDept}}
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==See also==
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a
* [[Parmo]], the new local delicacy
discussion of different citation methods and how to generate
* [[Middlesbrough Music Live]]
footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags
* [[bands and musicians from North East England|List of bands/musicians from North East England]]
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* [[A66 road]]
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
==External links==
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
*[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/AreaProfileFrames.asp?aid=175803&hid=14&tid=13 Statistics] about Middlesbrough from the [[Office for National Statistics]] [[Census 2001]]
*[http://tees-valley.info/middlesbrough.htm Tees Valley Information]
*[http://www.peterfreeman.co.uk/midboro.htm/ Spectra-txt]
*[http://www.middlesbrough.gov.uk/ Official Middlesbrough Council Website]
*[http://www.tees.ac.uk/ University of Teesside]
*[http://animex.net/ Animex International Festival of Animation]
*[http://www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk/Middlesbrough.htm Brief History of Middlesbrough]
* [http://francishannaway.tripod.com/id6.htm The Official Francis Hannaway Website - Middlesbrough]
*[http://icteesside.icnetwork.co.uk/ Teesside information website including the local newspapers website, The Evening Gazette]
*[http://www.boromela.co.uk Middlesbrough's annual Mela website.]
*[http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.middlesbroughpct.co.uk/improvement/images/ward_map.png&imgrefurl=http://www.middlesbroughpct.co.uk/improvement/wardmap.shtml&h=255&w=324&sz=7&tbnid=cLSpfEPMniIJ:&tbnh=89&tbnw=114&hl=en&start=56&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmiddlesbrough%2Bmap%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN Population figures for Middlesbrough Wards]
{{NE_England}}
[[Category:Middlesbrough|Demographics by country|Bangladesh]]
[[Category:LocalBangladeshi government districts of North Yorkshiresociety]]
[[Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Unitary authorities in England]]
[[fr:Démographie du Bangladesh]]
[[bg:Мидълсбро]]
[[de:Middlesbrough]]
[[eo:Middlesbrough]]
[[nl:Middlesbrough]]
[[no:Middlesbrough]]
[[pl:Middlesbrough]]
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