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[[Image:Bangladesh-demography.png|thumb|300px|right|Total population of Bangladesh, 1961-2003, in thousands. Source: [[FAO]]]]
{{infobox Book | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
[[Bangladesh]] is [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] homogeneous. Indeed its name derives from the [[Bengali]] ethnic and linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. Bengalis, who are also present in large number in the [[West Bengal]] province of [[India]] are one of the most populous ethnic groups in the world. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the country. The dialect spoken by those in [[Sylhet]] is particularly distinctive.
| name = The Man in the High Castle
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = [[Image:PKD-The-Man-In-The-High-Castle.png|thumb|200px|center|]]
| author = [[Philip K. Dick]]
| cover_artist =
| country = [[United States]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series =
| genre = [[alternate history (fiction)|Alternate history]]
| publisher = [[Putnam]]
| release_date = [[1 January]], [[1962]]
| media_type = [[Print]]
| pages =
| isbn = ISBN 0244151806
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''The Man in the High Castle''''' is a 1962 [[alternate history (fiction)|alternate history]] [[novel]] by [[science fiction]] writer [[Philip K. Dick]]. The novel is set in the former [[United States]], in 1962, 15 years after the [[Axis Powers]] defeated the [[Allies]] in [[World War II]] and the U.S. surrendered to [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Empire of Japan]].
The most significant minorities are the [[Urdu]] speaking [[Biharis]] around [[Dhaka]], [[Rangpur]] and elsewhere and various tribal groups such as the [[Chakma]] concentrated in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The Biharis emigrated from the Indian province of [[Bihar]] during the 1947 [[partition of India]]. In the 1971 independence struggle they supported West Pakistan, and those that remained became [[Stranded Pakistanis|refugees]]. [[Refugees International]] has called them a neglected and stateless people as they are denied citizenship and much of the 300,000 of them live in refugee camps, many being born there.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh], Refugees International, 2006-02-15</ref>
While not the first piece of alternate history fiction, the novel defined that type of story as a genre of [[literature]]. It won the prestigious [[Hugo Award]] and helped make Dick well-known in science fiction circles. It is one of Dick's most tightly-structured and character-focused novels and one which deals the least with standard science fiction themes, such as technological innovation and interplanetary travel.
The [[religions]] practiced in the region have changed significantly through history. At various times in the distance past, [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were each the dominant religions. The [[Partition of India|1947 partition]] of Bengal along religious lines augmented the existing [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] majority in the region. The most recent estimate of religious makeup from the 2001 census reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf] .<ref name="bbs">[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Burueau of Statistics]</ref><ref name="cia_error">The CIA World Factbook's figures are apparently in error because they are incoherent. The 1990-1996 and 2001-2007 editions report 83% Muslim and 16% Hindu, but the 1997-2000 editions (as well as the 2005 Background Note from the US State Department) give Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%.</ref> About [[Demographics of Islam|5%]] of the Muslims (and most of the Biharis) are [[Shia]].
==Plot==
===Back story===
{{spoiler}}
The [[point of divergence]] between the world of ''The Man in the High Castle'' and actual history is the [[assassination]] of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1933. He was succeeded by [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[John Nance Garner]], who was subsequently replaced by [[John W. Bricker]]. Neither man was able to revive the nation from the [[Great Depression]], and both clung to an [[United States isolationism|isolationist]] policy concerning the oncoming [[World War II|war]].
As in neighboring India, more than half of the population lives in [[agrarian]] rural villages. But urbanization is proceeding rapidly and the capitol [[Dhaka]] is one of the fastest growing and largest cities in the world. Other major urban centers include [[Chittagong]] and [[Khulna]].
Without U.S. assistance, [[Britain]] and then the rest of [[Europe]] fell to the Axis powers. Russia collapsed in 1941 and it was occupied by the Nazis, most of the [[Slavic people]] being exterminated. The Slavic survivors of the war were confined to "[[reservation]]-like closed regions". The Japanese completely destroyed the United States' [[Pacific ocean|Pacific]] fleet in a much more expansive [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. The U.S., ailing from years of economic distress, fell to the Axis with many important cities suffering great damage.
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=-29
| publisher = World Gazetteer
| title = Bangladesh: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population
| accessdate = 2006-07-28
}}</ref>
The least densely populated areas are in the [[Sundarbans]] jungle and the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
Bangladesh had one of the highest rates of population growth in the world in the 1960's and 1970's. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total [[fertility rate]], from 6.2 thirty years ago to 3.2 (2003 UNDP figures).
By 1947, Allied forces had surrendered to Axis control. The [[Eastern Seaboard]] was placed under German control while California and other western states ceded to Japanese rule. The [[Mountain States]] and much of the [[Midwest]] remained autonomous, being considered unimportant by either of the victors. At the end of the war, the British leaders and generals were tried for war crimes (e.g. the [[carpet bombing]] of German cities) in a parallel of the [[Nuremberg Trials]].
==Demographic data from the CIA World Factbook==
After [[Adolf Hitler]] was incapacitated by [[syphilis]], the head of the [[National Socialist German Workers Party|Nazi]] [[Party Chancellery]], [[Martin Bormann]], assumed the leadership of Germany. The Nazis created a colonial empire and continued their mass murder of [[race]]s they considered inferior, murdering [[Jew]]s in areas they controlled and mounting a massive genocide in [[Africa]]. However, unlike the Nazis, the Japanese had no policy of cleansing the occupied areas of unwanted races.
[[Image:Bangladesh population pyramid 2005.png|thumb|300px|[[Population pyramid]] of Bangladesh]]
===Population===
:150,448,339 (July 2007 est.)
:124,355,263 (2001 Census)
Nazi Germany continued their [[rocket]]ry programs, so by 1962, they had a working system of commercial rockets used for inter-continental travel and also pursued [[space exploration]], by sending rockets to the Moon and Mars. The novel also mentions [[television]] as being a new technology used in Germany.
===Age structure===
Meanwhile Japan continued a more peaceful, but certainly not [[democracy|democratic]] rule, in much of [[Asia]] and territories in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Like the United States and the [[Soviet Union]] after the actual World War II, the Japanese and the Germans are distrustful of one another.
:0-14 years: 32.9% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)
:15-64 years: 63.6% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)
:65 years and over: 3.5% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.)
===Median age===
During the novel, Martin Bormann dies and other Nazis such as [[Joseph Goebbels]] and [[Reinhard Heydrich]] challenge to become Reich Chancellor (German: ''[[Reichskanzler]]''). Various factions of the Nazi party are described as either seeking war with Japan or being more interested in colonising the solar system.
:Total: 22.2 years
:Male: 22.2 years
:Female: 22.2 years (2006 est.)
===StorylinesPopulation growth rate===
:3.09% (2006 est.)
''The Man in the High Castle'' has no one central [[plot]] but rotates between several somewhat interconnected storylines:
===Birth rate===
* An [[Abwehr]] [[espionage|spy]] travels to [[San Francisco]] under cover as a [[Sweden|Swedish]] trading merchant. He confers with Mr. Tagomi, head of the Japanese trade commission in the area, but must stall in pursuit of his true mission and avoid capture until the mysterious Mr. Yatabe arrives from Japan. His real mission was to warn the Japanese that a faction of the Nazis, lead by [[Hermann Göring]], has a plan (''Operation Löwenzahn/Dandelion'') to use nuclear weapons against the [[Japanese Archipelago]] (known as the "[[Home Islands]]" within the book).
:29.8 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
* Mr. Tagomi has a crisis of faith about the righteousness of the core principles of modern day Japanese and German society and his own [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] beliefs.
* Robert Childan, proprietor of a San Francisco store ("American Artistic Handicrafts Inc.") selling American [[antiques]] and cultural artifacts that have become popular to the Japanese, tries to retain honor and dignity while catering to an occupying force. Although often obsequious in their presence and ambivalent in his own feelings towards the war and his occupiers (whom he both loathes and respects alternately), Childan eventually finds a sense of cultural pride. He also investigates widespread forgery within the antique market amidst the increased Japanese interest in 'genuine' [[Americana]].
* Two San Franciscan industrial workers, Frank Frink and Ed McCarthy begin a [[jewelry]] business, creating some of the first authentic pieces of American art in several years. Their works have a strange effect on the Americans and Japanese who view them. Also Frink attempts to hide his Jewish ancestry from local police.
* Frink's ex-wife Juliana, living in [[Colorado]], begins a relationship with Joe, a truck driver who claims to be an [[Italy|Italian]] veteran of the war who wishes to meet the titular ''Man in the High Castle'', Hawthorne Abendsen, author of ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy''. She travels with him, but discovers that Joe is actually a German assassin. Unable to escape, Juliana slits his throat with a razor blade. She continues the journey alone and finally meets Abendsen.
===Death rate===
==''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy''==
:8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Several characters in ''The Man in the High Castle'' read a popular, novel called ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy'', a [[story within a story|novel within a novel]]. The author, Hawthorne Abendsen, describes an alternate history in which the Axis powers lost the war. Although closer to actual history, the novel portrays a third scenario. The novel is banned in areas under German occupation, but its publication is legal in the areas under Japanese occupation.
===Net migration rate===
In Abendsen's novel, Roosevelt survives the assassination attempt but does not run for reelection in 1940. The next president, [[Rexford Guy Tugwell|Rexford Tugwell]] (who, in 'our' reality, never ran for the presidency), mitigates the bombing of Pearl Harbor by sailing the U.S.'s Pacific fleet, so the U.S. enters the war with more naval power.
:-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
===Sex ratio===
In the novel the British contribution to victory is greater than in the historical scenario and the Russian and American lower. The turning points of the war are a British victory over Nazi troops under General [[Erwin Rommel]] in [[Africa]], a British advance through the [[Caucasus]] and, in coordination with the remnants of the Russian army, a British victory at [[Stalingrad]]. As in the historical scenario, [[Italy]] turns against the Axis Powers. British tanks storm Berlin at the end of the war.
:At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
:Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female
:Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
===Infant mortality rate===
After the war, Britain, still led by Churchill, doesn't lose its empire and the U.S. exports mostly to [[China]], under the democratic rule of [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. The British Empire remains racist while the U.S. solves its race issues by the 1950s, causing tension between the two superpowers.
:Total: 60.83 deaths/1,000 live births
:Male: 61.87 deaths/1,000 live births
:Female: 59.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
===Life expectancy at birth===
Eventually, the U.S. challenges the traditional British role as the world's most influential nation. However, the British ultimately overcome the U.S. to become the world's supreme power.
:Total population: 62.46 years
:Male: 62.47 years
:Female: 62.45 years (2006 est.)
===Total fertility rate===
The book's author, Hawthorne Abendsen, is rumored to live in a highly guarded fortress; his [[nickname]] is "the Man in the High Castle," from which the novel itself is named.
:3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
===HIV/AIDS===
==Use of the ''I Ching''==
:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Dick claims that he wrote ''The Man in the High Castle'', using the [[Chinese classic text|ancient Chinese philosophical text]] the ''[[I Ching]]'' (or ''Book of Changes'') to decide on plot development. He even blamed the ''I Ching'' for plot details that he was unhappy with in one interview.
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 13,000 (2001 est.)
:Deaths: 650 (2001 est.)
===Major infectious diseases===
The ''I Ching'' is featured throughout ''The Man in the High Castle''. It spread through the Pacific States after the Japanese began their occupation. Several characters, both Japanese and American, consult it for important decisions. Abendsen, like Dick, used the ''I Ching'' to write ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy''.
:Degree of risk: high
:Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
:Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
:Water contact disease: leptospirosis
:Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)
==Themes=Nationality===
:Noun: Bangladeshi(s)
The most prominent theme in ''The Man in the High Castle'' is the question of the penetration of true reality into a false reality. This can be seen in several aspects of the novel.
:Adjective: Bangladeshi
* Robert Childan discovers that many of his antiques are fakes and becomes paranoid that his entire stock consists of counterfeits.
* Several characters are spies, traveling under false names and pretenses.
* Although not describing the historical scenario, ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy'', the [[fictional book|book-within-a-book]], portrays actual history more accurately than ''The Man in the High Castle'' itself.
* The jewelry made by Frink and McCarthy more closely resembles actual 60s American folk art, rather than Japanese or German works. The connection between these pieces and a deeper reality mainfests itself through the effect the pieces have on several characters.
* ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy'' is essentially the alternate-history counterpart of ''The Man in the High Castle'' in that, to the characters inhabiting the fictional world, the world of ''The Grasshopper Lies Heavy'' is the fiction. This implies the penetration of two false realities suggesting that even the idea of two realities, true and false, is incorrect and that there are multiple realities.
* The ''Man in the High Castle'' of the book's title actually lives in a normal house.
* At the novel's end, it is implied that a few characters, through consultation with the ''I Ching'', discover that their world is fictional.
* One character, Mr. Tagomi, seems to briefly become cognizant of the real world. By meditating on a small pin which contains Wu, a form of inner truth, he finds himself in the "real" world in which we, the readers, live and know.
===Ethnic groups===
With this theme, Dick suggests the questions, who or what is the agent causing this inter-penetration of realities? And why does that agent desire that this reality be known as an artifice? This theme is addressed further in several subsequent Dick novels, including ''[[Ubik]]'', ''[[Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said]]'', and ''[[Valis]]''.
:Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
===Religions===
''The Man in the High Castle'' also deals with themes of justice and injustice (through Frink's fleeing from Nazi persecution), gender and power (through Juliana's relationship with Joe), shame and identity (through Childan's new confidence in American culture from the limiting, backwards-looking obsession with nostalgia and antiquities), and the effects of [[fascism]] and [[racism]] on culture (throughout the novel, especially sections in dealing with the lack of value of life in the wake of Nazi dominance of the world, and the race superiority and racism that several characters - Japanese, American and German - occasionally indulge in).
:Muslim - 89.58%, Hindu - 9.34%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31% and Animists - 0.15% (2001 Census) [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf]
The idea of Nazi Germany winning World War II, is also explored in [[Fatherland (novel)]], and in an episode of [[Star Trek: The Original Series]] ([[The City on the Edge of Forever]]).
:Muslim - 88.31%, Hindu 10.52%, Boudhists - 0.58%, Christian - 0.33% and Animist - 0.26% (1991 census)
==Trivia==
* A type of mood-altering [[marijuana]] [[cigarette]] in the alternate universe of San Francisco is called "Heavenly Music." This term was used as the name of a track on an album by [[Brian Eno]] and [[Robert Fripp]] called "[[No Pussyfooting]]." The track is called "The Heavenly Music Corporation."
:Muslim - 86.65%, Hindu - 12.13%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31%, Animist - 0.29% (1981 Census)
==Sequel==
Dick revealed in a 1976 interview [http://www.philipkdickfans.com/frank/hour25.htm] that he planned to write a sequel to ''The Man in the High Castle'': "And so there's no real ending on it. I like to regard it as an open ending. It will segue into a sequel sometime." He stated that he "started several times to write a sequel" but never got far because he was too disturbed by his original research for ''The Man in the High Castle'' and couldn't stand "to go back and read about Nazis again."
===Languages===
He also suggested that the proposed sequel would be a collaboration with another author: "Somebody would have to come in and help me do a sequel to it. Someone who had the stomach for the stamina to think along those lines, to get into the head; if you're going to start writing about [[Reinhard Heydrich]], for instance, you have to get into his face. Can you imagine getting into Reinhard Heydrich's face?"
:Bangla (official, also known as Bengali)
===Literacy===
Two chapters of the intended sequel were published in a collection of essays about Dick [citation needed]. At a meeting of the highest Nazi officials, it is revealed that visits have been made to a parallel world in which their bid for world conquest was defeated. More importantly, superscientific weapons exist in that world for the taking, including a bomb of awesome capability. (But there, the sequel ends abruptly.)
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 43.1%
:Male: 53.9%
:Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)
==Other demographic data==
==External links==
Naturally there is some degree of uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such as Bangladesh with a high level of illiteracy and rural population. Thus the margin of error is such that in 2005 it was unknown which of Bangladesh and [[Russia]] has the larger population. For example the UN's ESA ranked Russia 7th and Bangladesh 8th, whereas the CIA World Factbook ranked Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th. At any rate, the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing. Most rankings in 2007 now show Bangladesh to be larger. The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.
{|class="wikitable"
* [http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/nonfiction/highcastle.htm Review and analysis]
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/aesir/mhc.htm Review and analysis]
|-
{{Dick}}
| Source
[[Category:1962 novels|Man in the High Castle, The]]
| align="center" | Year
[[Category:Alternate history novels|Man in the High Castle, The]]
| align="center" | Population (millions)
[[Category:Dystopian novels|Man in the High Castle, The]]
[[Category:Science fiction novels|Man in the High Castle, The]]
[[Category:Philip K. Dick novels|Man in the High Castle, The]]
[[Category:Hugo Award winning works|Man in the High Castle, The]]
[[Category:Nazi Germany in fiction|Man in the High Castle, The]]
[[Category:California in fiction|Man in the High Castle, The]]
|-
[[da:Manden i den store fæstning]]
| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>
[[de:Das Orakel vom Berge]]
| align="center" | 1991
[[es:El hombre en el castillo]]
| align="center" | 112
[[fr:Le Maître du Haut Château]]
[[it:La svastica sul sole]]
|-
[[he:האיש במצודה הרמה]]
| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>
[[sv:Mannen i det höga slottet]]
| align="center" | 2001
| align="center" | 129
|-
| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/profile/bangladesh.cfm | publisher = [[United Nations Population Fund]] | title = Indicators: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2003
| align="center" | 150
|-
| UN Dept Economic and Social Affairs<ref>Medium fertility variant, {{cite web | url = http://esa.un.org/unpp/ | title = World Population Prospects: 2004 Revision | publisher = UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 142
|-
| US State Dept<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3452.htm | publisher = [[U.S. Department of State]] | title = Background Note: Bangladesh | date = 2005-08}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
| Population Reference Bureau<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prb.org/TemplateTop.cfm?Section=PRB_Country_Profiles&template=/customsource/countryprofile/countryprofiledisplay.cfm&Country=395 | publisher = Population Reference Bureau | title = Country Profiles: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2006/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2006 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2006
| align="center" | 147
|-
| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/english/notes/indicators/e_indicator2.pdf | publisher = United Nations Population Fund | title = State of World Population 2006 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2006
| align="center" | 144
|-
| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2007 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2007
| align="center" | 150
|-
| UN<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006_highlights.pdf | publisher = UN | title = World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2007
| align="center" | 159
|}
==References==
*{{CIA WFB 2006}}
*{{StateDept}}
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{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
[[Category:Demographics by country|Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi society]]
[[fr:Démographie du Bangladesh]]
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