KISS principle and Demographics of Bangladesh: Difference between pages

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[[Image:Bangladesh-demography.png|thumb|300px|right|Total population of Bangladesh, 1961-2003, in thousands. Source: [[FAO]]]]

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[[Bangladesh]] is [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] homogeneous. Indeed its name derives from the [[Bengali]] ethnic and linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. Bengalis, who are also present in large number in the [[West Bengal]] province of [[India]] are one of the most populous ethnic groups in the world. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the country. The dialect spoken by those in [[Sylhet]] is particularly distinctive.

The '''KISS principle''' is a popular maxim often invoked when discussing a [[design]] process as a reminder to avoid the unnecessary [[complexity]] that can arise during the design process. The traditional expansion of this acronym is "'''Keep it Simple, Stupid'''".

The most significant minorities are the [[Urdu]] speaking [[Biharis]] around [[Dhaka]], [[Rangpur]] and elsewhere and various tribal groups such as the [[Chakma]] concentrated in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The Biharis emigrated from the Indian province of [[Bihar]] during the 1947 [[partition of India]]. In the 1971 independence struggle they supported West Pakistan, and those that remained became [[Stranded Pakistanis|refugees]]. [[Refugees International]] has called them a neglected and stateless people as they are denied citizenship and much of the 300,000 of them live in refugee camps, many being born there.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh], Refugees International, 2006-02-15</ref>

== Alternative expansions ==

The [[religions]] practiced in the region have changed significantly through history. At various times in the distance past, [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were each the dominant religions. The [[Partition of India|1947 partition]] of Bengal along religious lines augmented the existing [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] majority in the region. The most recent estimate of religious makeup from the 2001 census reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf] .<ref name="bbs">[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Burueau of Statistics]</ref><ref name="cia_error">The CIA World Factbook's figures are apparently in error because they are incoherent. The 1990-1996 and 2001-2007 editions report 83% Muslim and 16% Hindu, but the 1997-2000 editions (as well as the 2005 Background Note from the US State Department) give Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%.</ref> About [[Demographics of Islam|5%]] of the Muslims (and most of the Biharis) are [[Shia]].

Maybe because of the implied irreverence (or blatant insult, depending on perception), the acronym is rarely explained. Where concerns over the word "stupid" exist, a [[euphemism|euphemistic]] explanation of "'''Keep It Simple and Straightforward'''" is sometimes resorted to.

Other common expansions include:

As in neighboring India, more than half of the population lives in [[agrarian]] rural villages. But urbanization is proceeding rapidly and the capitol [[Dhaka]] is one of the fastest growing and largest cities in the world. Other major urban centers include [[Chittagong]] and [[Khulna]].

* ''"Keep It Super Simple"'';

<ref>{{cite web

* ''"Keep It Simple and Solid"'', in animation;

| url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=-29

* ''"Keep It Simple, Sweetie"'', gentler, or perhaps more patronising;

| publisher = World Gazetteer

* ''"Keep It Small and Simple"'';

| title = Bangladesh: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population

* ''"Keep It Simple, Smartguy"'';

| accessdate = 2006-07-28

* ''"Keep It Simple and Stupid"'', often used when discussing [[artificial intelligence]];

}}</ref>

* ''"Keep It Small and Scalable"'', often used when discussing [[Information technology|IT]];

The least densely populated areas are in the [[Sundarbans]] jungle and the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

* ''"Keep It Short and Simple"'', a common [[marketing]] maxim for sales presentations;

* ''"Keep It Short and Sweet"'';

* ''"Keep It Simple and Sweet"'';

* ''"Keep It Simple, Keep It Stupid"'', which produces the acronym KISKIS;

* ''"Keep It Simple; Make It Fun"'', a term used in [[scouting]]

* ''"Keep It Stupidly Simple"'';

* ''"Keep It Simple, Silly"'', another kinder phrasing;

* ''"Keep It Stupid-Simple"'', the joking version;

* ''"Keep It Simple, Shithead"'', the [[dysphemistic]] version.

Or the long KISSSS:

* ''"Keep It Short, Simple, Small, and Self-contained"'', for emphasis as well as to focus on '[[Cohesion (computer science)#High cohesion|high cohesion]]' within an item and '[[Coupling (computer science)#Low coupling|low coupling]]' between items. However, one might find it ironic that this version of the acronym violates its own principle of keeping it short and simple.

Bangladesh had one of the highest rates of population growth in the world in the 1960's and 1970's. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total [[fertility rate]], from 6.2 thirty years ago to 3.2 (2003 UNDP figures).

==Etymology==

The "KISS" [[acronym]] is known to have been in use during the [[Project Apollo|Apollo project]] in the 1960s{{citationneeded}}. Earlier [[etymology]] of the expression is uncertain. There are several theories as to its origin:

==Demographic data from the CIA World Factbook==

* used as a piece of advice from [[lawyer]]s counseling their clients;

[[Image:Bangladesh population pyramid 2005.png|thumb|300px|[[Population pyramid]] of Bangladesh]]

* invented in the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] as army [[slang]];

===Population===

* invented at the [[Lockheed]] [[Skunk Works]] facility.

:150,448,339 (July 2007 est.)

:124,355,263 (2001 Census)

==Application==

When dealing with a problem, there exists a frequent tendency toward complexification that can lead toward solutions that are far more burdensome than the problem, or clever solutions that don't handle unusual cases within that problem ___domain. (As an example of the former, see [[m:instruction creep|instruction creep]]; for an extreme example, see the [[Rube Goldberg]] machine.) In keeping with such problem solvers, Systems Analysts in times gone by were defined to be those persons who could complicate a simple problem beyond all recognition!

===Age structure===

The KISS principle is a suggestion to avoid both. According to KISS, the method used should be as simple and straightforward as possible. KISS is simply [[Occam's Razor]] applied to engineering.

:0-14 years: 32.9% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)

:15-64 years: 63.6% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)

:65 years and over: 3.5% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.)

===Median age===

The story is told of [[Thomas Edison]] putting a brand new engineer with a bright and shiny degree to the test by asking him to determine the volume of a very irregular vessel. After several hours, the engineer triumphantly produced his calculations. Whereupon, Edison simply filled the vessel to the brim with water and proceeded to pour the water from the irregular vessel into a graduated container. The engineer was off by less than a ''whole'' [[order of magnitude]].

:Total: 22.2 years

:Male: 22.2 years

:Female: 22.2 years (2006 est.)

===Population growth rate===

A variation on KISS is to use orignal sources. See [[Archimedes' principle]] where that problem was solved two millenea ago. Edison, like Churchill, and Mark Twain are leaders for mis-attribution.

:3.09% (2006 est.)

===Birth rate===

<!-- We need a practical application of the KISS principle here. -->

:29.8 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

==Modern=Death usagerate===

:8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

The KISS principle today is often used by [[software]] developers, meaning the software should be designed in the simplest way, avoiding [[creeping featurism]]. More particularly, it is a leading principle in designing critical low-level routines of operating system kernels (at least for [[Linux]]), where it suggests to write the code in the most simple and self-explaining manner, to avoid errors (or make it easy to find them). Some suggest that [[Unix]] was invented by following the KISS principle.

===Net migration rate===

It is also used in games (to keep game developers from making overly complex games)

:-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

and story development (to get the message across).

===Sex ratio===

Engineers also use the KISS principle, since the simplest solution is usually the best solution to engineering challenges.

:At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

:Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

:15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

:65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female

:Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

===Infant mortality rate===

KISS is also one of the principles of [[system architecture]].

:Total: 60.83 deaths/1,000 live births

:Male: 61.87 deaths/1,000 live births

:Female: 59.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

===Life expectancy at birth===

The business community commonly uses the KISS principle when encouraging simpler business plans, simpler processes, and lower overhead.

:Total population: 62.46 years

:Male: 62.47 years

:Female: 62.45 years (2006 est.)

===Total fertility rate===

[[Bill Clinton]] famously used the related expression "[[It's the economy, stupid]]!" to great effect in his successful [[Bill Clinton presidential campaign, 1992|1992 U.S. presidential campaign]].

:3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)

===HIV/AIDS===

==Simple Aint Easy!==

:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

Fifty years ago, if you were hot, you opened a window, and if you were cold you threw coal on the fire. Really simple!!!

:People living with HIV/AIDS: 13,000 (2001 est.)

:Deaths: 650 (2001 est.)

===Major infectious diseases===

Today, your home is connected to a complex infrastructure (gas, water, electricity, etc) and controlled by a sensor driven system. The thermostat is the interface. Set the temperature and the house reacts to you as you enter and leave. Which one is simpler? Today or yesterday?

:Degree of risk: high

:Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

:Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations

:Water contact disease: leptospirosis

:Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)

===Nationality===

Where does KISS fit in this case? Well, it fits if you start with defining the simplest case as the design criteria e.g. "Grandma can use it!"

:Noun: Bangladeshi(s)

:Adjective: Bangladeshi

===Ethnic groups===

Sometimes we work towards it over time as in the case of automobiles that now seem simple to operate but no common person can fix. Sometimes we design it correctly as with the TiVO and the iPod. Those are complex devices that are easy to use.

:Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)

===Religions===

True simplicity is driven by hidden complexity in well designed (complex) systems.

:Muslim - 89.58%, Hindu - 9.34%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31% and Animists - 0.15% (2001 Census) [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf]

--[[User:Pcubbage|Pcubbage]] 20:58, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

:Muslim - 88.31%, Hindu 10.52%, Boudhists - 0.58%, Christian - 0.33% and Animist - 0.26% (1991 census)

==See also==

*[[Corner case]]

*[[Kitchen sink syndrome]]

*[[Occam's Razor]]

*[[Rube Goldberg]]

*[[Simplicity]]

:Muslim - 86.65%, Hindu - 12.13%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31%, Animist - 0.29% (1981 Census)

==External links==

*[http://sysarch.pbwiki.com Principles of System Architecture]

== References =Languages===

:Bangla (official, also known as Bengali)

{{FOLDOC}}

===Literacy===

[[Category:adages]]

:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

[[Category:Software development philosophies]]

:Total population: 43.1%

[[Category:Simple living]]

:Male: 53.9%

:Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)

==Other demographic data==

[[cs:KISS]]

Naturally there is some degree of uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such as Bangladesh with a high level of illiteracy and rural population. Thus the margin of error is such that in 2005 it was unknown which of Bangladesh and [[Russia]] has the larger population. For example the UN's ESA ranked Russia 7th and Bangladesh 8th, whereas the CIA World Factbook ranked Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th. At any rate, the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing. Most rankings in 2007 now show Bangladesh to be larger. The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.

[[de:KISS-Prinzip]]

[[es:Principio KISS]]

{|class="wikitable"

[[fr:KISS-principe]]

[[ko:KISS 원칙]]

|-

[[it:KISS (informatica)]]

| Source

[[nl:KISS-principe]]

| align="center" | Year

[[pl:KISS (reguła)]]

| align="center" | Population (millions)

[[pt:Keep it Simple Stupid]]

[[sl:Načelo KISS]]

|-

[[th:KISS]]

| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>

| align="center" | 1991

| align="center" | 112

|-

| National Census<ref name="bbs"/>

| align="center" | 2001

| align="center" | 129

|-

| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/profile/bangladesh.cfm | publisher = [[United Nations Population Fund]] | title = Indicators: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>

| align="center" | 2003

| align="center" | 150

|-

| UN Dept Economic and Social Affairs<ref>Medium fertility variant, {{cite web | url = http://esa.un.org/unpp/ | title = World Population Prospects: 2004 Revision | publisher = UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref>

| align="center" | 2005

| align="center" | 142

|-

| US State Dept<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3452.htm | publisher = [[U.S. Department of State]] | title = Background Note: Bangladesh | date = 2005-08}}</ref>

| align="center" | 2005

| align="center" | 144

|-

| Population Reference Bureau<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prb.org/TemplateTop.cfm?Section=PRB_Country_Profiles&template=/customsource/countryprofile/countryprofiledisplay.cfm&Country=395 | publisher = Population Reference Bureau | title = Country Profiles: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>

| align="center" | 2005

| align="center" | 144

|-

| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2006/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2006 }}</ref>

| align="center" | 2006

| align="center" | 147

|-

| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/english/notes/indicators/e_indicator2.pdf | publisher = United Nations Population Fund | title = State of World Population 2006 }}</ref>

| align="center" | 2006

| align="center" | 144

|-

| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html#People | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2007 }}</ref>

| align="center" | 2007

| align="center" | 150

|-

| UN<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006_highlights.pdf | publisher = UN | title = World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision}}</ref>

| align="center" | 2007

| align="center" | 159

|}

==References==

*{{CIA WFB 2006}}

*{{StateDept}}

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{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}

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[[Category:Demographics by country|Bangladesh]]

[[Category:Bangladeshi society]]

[[fr:Démographie du Bangladesh]]