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Line 1: [[Image:Bangladesh-demography.png\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Total population of Bangladesh, 1961-2003, in thousands. Source: [[FAO]]]] ~~{{otheruses4\|the American English style guide\|\|Chicago (disambiguation)}}~~ [[Bangladesh]] is [[Ethnic group\|ethnically]] homogeneous. Indeed its name derives from the [[Bengali]] ethnic and linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. Bengalis, who are also present in large number in the [[West Bengal]] province of [[India]] are one of the most populous ethnic groups in the world. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the country. The dialect spoken by those in [[Sylhet]] is particularly distinctive. [[Image:ChicagoManual15thEd.png\|right]]'''''The Chicago Manual of Style''''' ('''CMS''') is a [[style guide]] for [[American English]] published by the [[University of Chicago]] (from which it receives its name). It prescribes a writing style that is widely used in the publishing industry. The CMS deals with all aspects concerning the editorial practice, from [[American English]] grammar and usage to document preparation. (Note that, in the field of publishing, ''style'' means [[punctuation]], italicizing, bolding, capitalization, tables, and so forth; not ''[[prose]] style''.) The most significant minorities are the [[Urdu]] speaking [[Biharis]] around [[Dhaka]], [[Rangpur]] and elsewhere and various tribal groups such as the [[Chakma]] concentrated in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The Biharis emigrated from the Indian province of [[Bihar]] during the 1947 [[partition of India]]. In the 1971 independence struggle they supported West Pakistan, and those that remained became [[Stranded Pakistanis\|refugees]]. [[Refugees International]] has called them a neglected and stateless people as they are denied citizenship and much of the 300,000 of them live in refugee camps, many being born there.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh], Refugees International, 2006-02-15</ref> ~~== Overview ==~~ '''The Chicago Manual of Style''' is published by the [[University of Chicago Press]]. The first edition was published by the [[University of Chicago\|University]] in [[1906]], under the title ''A Manual of Style''; it was officially retitled ''The Chicago Manual of Style'' upon publication of the 13th edition in [[1982]], a name that was already in widespread informal use by the book's audience. In recent years the publishers have released a new edition every decade or so. The most recent edition is the 15th, published in [[2003]]. Retailing for $55 ([[United States dollar\|USD]]), the 15th edition has been revised throughout to reflect the increasing prominence of computer technology and the [[Internet]] in the publishing world, and offers guidance for [[Citation\|citing]] electronic works. Other changes include a new chapter on American English grammar and usage, and a revised treatment of mathematical copy. The [[religions]] practiced in the region have changed significantly through history. At various times in the distance past, [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were each the dominant religions. The [[Partition of India\|1947 partition]] of Bengal along religious lines augmented the existing [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] majority in the region. The most recent estimate of religious makeup from the 2001 census reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf] .<ref name="bbs">[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Burueau of Statistics]</ref><ref name="cia_error">The CIA World Factbook's figures are apparently in error because they are incoherent. The 1990-1996 and 2001-2007 editions report 83% Muslim and 16% Hindu, but the 1997-2000 editions (as well as the 2005 Background Note from the US State Department) give Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%.</ref> About [[Demographics of Islam\|5%]] of the Muslims (and most of the Biharis) are [[Shia]]. The CMS is currently published in hardcover, with a digital edition planned for release in 2006, however it still is pending ([http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/about.electronic.html link]). The CMS [http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org web site] features a question-and-answer column and a [http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/search.html full manual text search] (members only). As in neighboring India, more than half of the population lives in [[agrarian]] rural villages. But urbanization is proceeding rapidly and the capitol [[Dhaka]] is one of the fastest growing and largest cities in the world. Other major urban centers include [[Chittagong]] and [[Khulna]]. ~~== History ==~~ <ref>{{cite web The Chicago Manual of Style appeared first in 1906 under the title ''Manual of Style: Being a compilation of the typographical rules in force at the University of Chicago Press, to which are appended specimens of type in use''. From its earliest edition of a mere 200 pages, the CMS evolved into a reference guide of 984 pages in its 15th edition. It was one of the first style methods published in the United States, and is in large part responsible for the standardization of research methodology, most specifically with the style of citation. \| url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=-29 \| publisher = World Gazetteer \| title = Bangladesh: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population \| accessdate = 2006-07-28 }}</ref> The least densely populated areas are in the [[Sundarbans]] jungle and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Bangladesh had one of the highest rates of population growth in the world in the 1960's and 1970's. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total [[fertility rate]], from 6.2 thirty years ago to 3.2 (2003 UNDP figures). By 1969 the CMS had become the industry leader, selling around 150,000 copies of its 12th edition. However, throughout the 1960s the demand for a more concise and up-to-date style guide grew. The [[Modern Language Association]] found that the Chicago Manual of Style was not evolving fast enough to suit the demands of the modern researcher, and, as such, made the citations excessively complicated for modern methods (e.g. the microfilming drive, and, in particular, the evolving world of electronic records). Consequently they put forth their own MLA style guides, aimed at different audiences: ''The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers'' and the ''MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing''. Thereafter, the Chicago Manual of Style began to lose a lot of its patronage: first with the introduction of the MLA style, and subsequently with the [[American Psychological Association]] introducing its own citation style. Today, there are numerous style guides aimed at writers, editors, and publishers and each claims authority in a certain field. ==Demographic data from the CIA World Factbook== The Chicago Manual of Style is still used in some social science publications and in most historical journals; the publications of the [http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/style-manual.html Organization of American Historians] and the [http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm American Anthropological Association] are two examples. [[Image:Bangladesh population pyramid 2005.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Population pyramid]] of Bangladesh]] ===Population=== :150,448,339 (July 2007 est.) :124,355,263 (2001 Census) ~~== Criticism ==~~ The Chicago Manual of Style does not hold much neutrality among its users: some say that it is excessively complicated to format, especially because some of the rules are overridden by Microsoft Word's automatic formatting rules; others say that it provides--by far--the most comprehensive and structured citation style. Most notable in the controversy is the use of hanging indentation, that process by which all lines subordinate to the first line of an entry are indented (N.B. each new reference's first line automatically moves to the margin). Due to its loss in patronage, the Chicago Manual of Style is considered less relevant than in the past. One of the few instances in which the Chicago Manual of Style would be required is to comply with the Kate L. [[Turabian]] Manual of Style, which has some revisions to the ''style'' but remains compliant with the methodology of ''citation''. ===Age ~~See also~~ structure=== :0-14 years: 32.9% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894) [[Prescription and description]] :15-64 years: 63.6% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674) [[Style guide]] :65 years and over: 3.5% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.) [[Turabian]] [[The MLA style manual\|Modern Language Association (MLA) style]] [[AP Stylebook]] [[The Elements of Style]] ===Median age=== ~~== External links ==~~ :Total: 22.2 years * [http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ Chicago Manual of Style] Official website :Male: 22.2 years * [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ University of Chicago Press] :Female: 22.2 years (2006 est.) * [http://www.studentabc.com/chicago_format Interactive Chicago Manual of Style Reference] - StudentABC.com ===Population growth rate=== ~~[[Category:1906 books\|Chicago Manual of Style, The]]~~ :3.09% (2006 est.) ~~[[Category:Style guides\|Chicago Manual of Style, The]]~~ ===Birth rate=== ~~[[gl:The Chicago Manual of Style]]~~ :29.8 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) ~~[[pl:The Chicago Manual of Style]]~~ ~~[[sv:The Chicago Manual of Style]]~~ ===Death rate=== ~~[[zh:芝加哥格式手册]]~~ :8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) ===Net migration rate=== :-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) ===Sex ratio=== :At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female :Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female :15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female :65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female :Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.) ===Infant mortality rate=== :Total: 60.83 deaths/1,000 live births :Male: 61.87 deaths/1,000 live births :Female: 59.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) ===Life expectancy at birth=== :Total population: 62.46 years :Male: 62.47 years :Female: 62.45 years (2006 est.) ===Total fertility rate=== :3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.) ===HIV/AIDS=== :Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.) :People living with HIV/AIDS: 13,000 (2001 est.) :Deaths: 650 (2001 est.) ===Major infectious diseases=== :Degree of risk: high :Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever :Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations :Water contact disease: leptospirosis :Animal contact disease: rabies (2005) ===Nationality=== :Noun: Bangladeshi(s) :Adjective: Bangladeshi ===Ethnic groups=== :Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998) ===Religions=== :Muslim - 89.58%, Hindu - 9.34%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31% and Animists - 0.15% (2001 Census) [http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/bang_atg.pdf] :Muslim - 88.31%, Hindu 10.52%, Boudhists - 0.58%, Christian - 0.33% and Animist - 0.26% (1991 census) :Muslim - 86.65%, Hindu - 12.13%, Boudhists - 0.62%, Christian - 0.31%, Animist - 0.29% (1981 Census) ===Languages=== :Bangla (official, also known as Bengali) ===Literacy=== :Definition: age 15 and over can read and write :Total population: 43.1% :Male: 53.9% :Female: 31.8% (2003 est.) ==Other demographic data== Naturally there is some degree of uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such as Bangladesh with a high level of illiteracy and rural population. Thus the margin of error is such that in 2005 it was unknown which of Bangladesh and [[Russia]] has the larger population. For example the UN's ESA ranked Russia 7th and Bangladesh 8th, whereas the CIA World Factbook ranked Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th. At any rate, the population of Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing. Most rankings in 2007 now show Bangladesh to be larger. The following table lists various recent estimates of the population. {\|class="wikitable" \|- \| Source \| align="center" \| Year \| align="center" \| Population (millions) \|- \| National Census<ref name="bbs"/> \| align="center" \| 1991 \| align="center" \| 112 \|- \| National Census<ref name="bbs"/> \| align="center" \| 2001 \| align="center" \| 129 \|- \| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.unfpa.org/profile/bangladesh.cfm \| publisher = [[United Nations Population Fund]] \| title = Indicators: Bangladesh \| accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2003 \| align="center" \| 150 \|- \| UN Dept Economic and Social Affairs<ref>Medium fertility variant, {{cite web \| url = http://esa.un.org/unpp/ \| title = World Population Prospects: 2004 Revision \| publisher = UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2005 \| align="center" \| 142 \|- \| US State Dept<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3452.htm \| publisher = [[U.S. Department of State]] \| title = Background Note: Bangladesh \| date = 2005-08}}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2005 \| align="center" \| 144 \|- \| Population Reference Bureau<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.prb.org/TemplateTop.cfm?Section=PRB_Country_Profiles&template=/customsource/countryprofile/countryprofiledisplay.cfm&Country=395 \| publisher = Population Reference Bureau \| title = Country Profiles: Bangladesh \| accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2005 \| align="center" \| 144 \|- \| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2006/geos/bg.html#People \| publisher = CIA \| title = CIA World Factbook 2006 }}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2006 \| align="center" \| 147 \|- \| UN Population Fund<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/english/notes/indicators/e_indicator2.pdf \| publisher = United Nations Population Fund \| title = State of World Population 2006 }}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2006 \| align="center" \| 144 \|- \| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html#People \| publisher = CIA \| title = CIA World Factbook 2007 }}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2007 \| align="center" \| 150 \|- \| UN<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006_highlights.pdf \| publisher = UN \| title = World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision}}</ref> \| align="center" \| 2007 \| align="center" \| 159 \|} ==References== {{CIA WFB 2006}} {{StateDept}} <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> {{Asia in topic\|Demographics of}} {{Asia topic\|Ethnic groups in}} [[Category:Demographics by country\|Bangladesh]] [[Category:Bangladeshi society]] [[fr:Démographie du Bangladesh]]

The Chicago Manual of Style and Demographics of Bangladesh: Difference between pages