Microsoft Bookshelf: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 00:16, 23 set 2008

Versione attuale delle 22:03, 26 mag 2025

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{{Software

{{T|inglese|informatica}}

[[en:|Nome = Microsoft Bookshelf]]

'''Microsoft Bookshelf''' è stato un [[Reference work|reference]] collezione introdotta a partire dal [[1987]] come parte [[Microsoft]]'s lavoro estensivo in [[CD-ROM]] promozionali tecnologici come distribuzione medium per [[electronic publishing]].

|Logo =

|Screenshot =

La versione originale di [[MS-DOS]] showcased the massive storage capacity of CD-ROM technology, and was accessed while the user was using one of 13 different word processor programs that Bookshelf supported. Subsequent versions were produced for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and became a commercial success as part of the [[Microsoft Home]] brand. It was often bundled with [[personal computers]] as a cheaper alternative to the Encarta Suite.

|Didascalia =

|Sviluppatore = [[Microsoft Corporation]]

|DataPrimaVersione = [[1987]]

|titleUltimaVersione = Microsoft Bookshelf 19942000

|DataUltimaVersione = [[1999]]

|UltimaVersioneBeta =

|DataUltimaVersioneBeta =

|SistemaOperativo = MS-DOS

|SistemaOperativo2 = windows

|Linguaggio =

|Genere = [[Dizionario multimediale]]

|Licenza = [[Proprietario]]

|SoftwareLibero = no

|Lingua =

|SitoWeb =

}}

'''Microsoft Bookshelf''' è un [[Pacchetto (software)|pacchetto software]] introdotto a partire dal [[1987]] da [[Microsoft]] con il fine di incentivare la diffusione del [[CD-ROM]] come mezzo per il [[Desktop publishing|publishing elettronico]]. La versione originale per [[MS-DOS]] puntava a far vedere la grande capacità di memorizzazione della tecnologia CD-ROM, ed era eseguita mentre l'utente utilizzava uno dei 13 differenti software di [[videoscrittura]] supportati da Bookshelf. Le versioni successive furono sviluppate per [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] e divennero un successo commerciale, come parte del marchio ''Microsoft Home''. Bookshelf era spesso distribuito in [[Bundle (commercio)|bundle]] con i nuovi [[personal computer]] come alternativa economica alla suite [[Encarta]], tuttavia era distribuito in bundle anche con le versioni ''Encarta Deluxe Suite'' e ''Reference Library''. È stata anche distribuita per un breve periodo di tempo la versione in italiano denominata ''DizioROM'', che è tuttora introvabile in giro e sul web.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://archive.org/details/MC_microcomputer-179/page/n275/mode/1up|titolo=Rivisitazioni dell'antico, applicazioni moderne}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://archive.org/details/pc-open-1997-12/page/n41/mode/1up|titolo=Sei dizionari integrati su un solo cd rom}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://archive.org/details/pc-open-1998-02/page/n86/mode/1up|titolo=A colloquio col dizionario}}</ref>

==Contenuti==

L'edizione originale del [[1987]] conteneva ''[[Il Thesaurus di Roget]]'', ''Il dizionario dell'eredità americana della [[lingua inglese]]'', [[Almanacco del mondo]] e il Libro dei Fatti, [[Le quotazioni familiari di Bartlett]], [[Il manuale Chicago dello stile]] (13esima edizione), l'elenco dei codici postali degli [[Stati Uniti d'America|Stati Uniti]], ''[[Houghton Mifflin]] Usage Alert'', il correttore e verificatore dello spelling della Houghton Mifflin, Fonti di informazione per il businness, e Forme e Lettere.

The Windows release of Bookshelf added a number of new reference titles, including the ''The Concise [[Columbia Encyclopedia]]''. Other titles were added and some were dropped in subsequent years. By 1994, the [[English language|English-language]] also contained the ''[[Columbia Dictionary of Quotations]]''; ''The Concise [[Columbia Encyclopedia]]''; the ''[[Hammond Intermediate World Atlas]]''; and ''[[The People's Chronology]]''.<ref name="Bookshelf 94"> {{cite web

|title=Microsoft Bookshelf 1994

|first=Birger|last=Nielsen|author=Birger Nielsen|work=The Tea Page

|url=http://www.246.dk/teamsb94.html|year=2006|accessdate=2006-04-18}}</ref> By 2000, the collection came to include the ''[[Encarta]] Desk Encyclopedia'', the ''Encarta Desk Atlas'', and a specialized [[Web directory|Internet Directory]].

=== L'edizione originale ===

In later editions of the Encarta Suite (2000 and onwards), Bookshelf was replaced with a dedicated ''Encarta Dictionary'', a superset of the printed edition. There has been some controversy over the decision, since the dictionary lacks the other books provided in Bookshelf which many found to be a useful reference, such as the dictionary of quotations (replaced with a quotations section in ''Encarta'' that links to relevant articles and people) and the Internet Directory, although the directory is now a [[wikt:moot point|moot point]] since many of the sites listed in offline directories no longer exist.

L'edizione originale del 1987 conteneva:

* Il [[Thesaurus]] di Roget.

* Il dizionario dell'eredità americana della [[lingua inglese]].

* l'Almanacco del mondo.

* Il Libro dei Fatti.

* Le quotazioni familiari di Bartlett.

* La 13ª edizione del manuale Chicago dello stile.

* L<nowiki/>'elenco dei codici postali degli [[Stati Uniti d'America|Stati Uniti]].

* L'[[Houghton Mifflin]] Usage Alert.

* Il correttore e verificatore dello spelling della Houghton Mifflin.

* Fonti di informazione per il business.

* Forme e Lettere.

La versione per Windows di Bookshelf aggiungeva nuovi titoli, compreso: ''The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia''. Negli anni seguenti, altri titoli furono aggiunti ed altri eliminati.

=== La versione del 1994 ===

==Technology==

Dal 1994, la versione in lingua inglese includeva:

===Bookshelf 1.0 engine===

* Columbia Dictionary of Quotations.

Bookshelf 1.0 used a [[proprietary]] [[hypertext]] engine that Microsoft acquired when it bought the company Cytation in 1986.<ref name="Microsoft 1980s"> {{cite web

* The Concise [[Columbia Encyclopedia]].

|title=A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology

* L'Hammond Intermediate World Atlas.

|work=Chapter 12 Microsoft in the 1980s

* The People's Chronology.<ref name="Bookshelf 94">{{Cita web|titolo=Microsoft Bookshelf 1994|nome=Birger|cognome=Nielsen|opera=The Tea Page|url=http://www.246.dk/teamsb94.html|anno=2006|accesso=18 aprile 2006|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425085715/http://www.246.dk/teamsb94.html|dataarchivio=25 aprile 2006|urlmorto=sì}}</ref>

|first=Roy|last=Allan|publisher=Allan Publishing 2001 ISBN 0-9689108-0-7 |year=2001

|id=ISBN 0-9689108-0-7|accessdate=2006-04-18

|url=http://www.retrocomputing.net/info/allan/eBook12.pdf

}}</ref> Also used for Microsoft Stat Pack and Microsoft Small Business Consultant, the Bookshelf was a [[Terminate and Stay Resident]] program that ran alongside a dominant program, unbeknownst to the dominant program. Like Apple's similar [[Hypercard]] reader, Bookshelf engine's files used a single [[compound document]], containing large numbers of subdocuments ("cards" or "articles"). They both differ from current browsers which normally treat each "page" or "article" as a separate file.

=== La versione del 2000 ===

Though similar to Apple's [[Hypercard]] reader in many ways, the Bookshelf engine had several key differences. Unlike Hypercard files, Bookshelf files required compilation and complex markup codes. This made the files more difficult to pirate, addressing a key concern of early electronic publishers. Furthermore, Bookshelf's engine was designed to run as fast as possible on slow first-generation [[CD-ROM]] drives, some of which required as much as a half-second to move the drive head. Such hardware constraints made Hypercard impractical for high-capacity CD-ROMs. Bookshelf also had full text searching capability, which made it easy to find needed information.

Dal 2000, il pacchetto incluse:

* [[Encarta]] Desk Encyclopedia.

* Encarta Desk Atlas.

* Una specializzazione di [[Web directory|Internet Directory]].

=== Le versioni successive ===

===Bookshelf 2.0 engine===

Nelle ultime edizioni della suite Encarta, Bookshelf venne rimpiazzato con ''Encarta Dictionary'', una versione estesa rispetto alla versione stampata. Vennero sollevate controversie su tale decisione, perché i riferimenti ad altri libri forniti in Bookshelf che molti trovavano utili, come il dizionario delle citazioni<ref>Sostituito con una sezione di citazioni in ''Encarta'' che collega gli articoli rilevanti e le persone.

Collaborating with [[DuPont]], the Microsoft CD-ROM division developed a [[Windows]] version of its engine for applications as diverse as [[Document management system|document management]], [[online help]], and a CD-ROM [[encyclopedia]]. In a [[skunk works]] project, these developers worked secretly with Multimedia Division developers so that the engine would be usable for more ambitious multimedia applications. Thus they integrated a multimedia [[markup language]], [[full text search]], and extensibility using [[software componentry|software objects]],<ref name=Viewer 2.0>{{cite book|

</ref> ed Internet Directory, non esistono più.

title=Microsoft Multimedia Viewer How-To Cd: Create Exciting Multimedia With Video, Animation, Music, and Speech for Windows/Book and Cd|

last=Pruitt|first=Stephen|publisher=Waite Group Pr|id=ISBN 1-878739-60-3|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/1878739603/

}}</ref> all of which are commonplace in modern internet browsing.

==Tecnologia==

In 1992, Microsoft started selling the Bookshelf engine to third-party developers, marketing the product as Microsoft Multimedia Viewer. The idea was that such a tool would help a burgeoning growth of CD-ROM titles that would spur demand for Windows. Although the engine had multimedia capabilities that would not be matched by Web browsers until the late 1990s, Microsoft Viewer did not enjoy commercial success as a standalone product. However, Microsoft continued to use the engine for its [[Encarta]] and [[WinHelp]] applications, though the multimedia functions are rarely used in Windows help files.

===Motore di Bookshelf 1.0 engine===

Bookshelf 1.0 utilizzava una versione proprietaria del motore [[ipertesto|ipertestuale]] che Microsoft acquistò quando comprò la società ''Cytation'' nel gennaio del [[1986]].<ref name="Microsoft 1980s">{{Cita web

|titletitolo = A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology

|workopera = Chapter 12 Microsoft in the 1980s

|nome = Roy

|cognome = Allan

|first=Roy|last=Allan|publishereditore = Allan Publishing 2001 ISBN 0-9689108-0-7 |year=2001

|anno = 2001

|isbn = 0-9689108-0-7

|accesso = 18 aprile 2006

|url = http://www.retrocomputing.net/info/allan/eBook12.pdf

|dataarchivio = 15 luglio 2006

|urlarchivio = https://web.archive.org/web/20060715184453/http://www.retrocomputing.net/info/allan/eBook12.pdf

|urlmorto = sì

}}</ref>

===Viewer 3.0=Note==

<references/>

In 1993, the developers who were working on the next generation viewer were moved to the [[Cairo (operating system)|Cairo systems group]] which was charged with delivering [[Bill Gates]]' vision of Information at your fingertips. This advanced browser was a fully componentized application using what are now known as [[Component Object Model]] objects, designed for hypermedia browsing across large networks and whose main competitor was thought to be [[Lotus Notes]]. Long before Netscape appeared, this team, known as the WEB (web enhanced browser) team had already shipped a network capable hypertext browser capable of doing everything that HTML browsers would not be able to do until the turn of the century. Nearly all technologies of Cairo shipped. The WEB browser was not one of them, though it influenced the design of many other common Microsoft technologies.

{{Portale|linguistica|Microsoft}}

Like other hypermedia engines of the time, Microsoft like Apple struggled and failed to understand how it could make money directly from a multimedia browser. Long after the internet revolution, companies continue to struggle to understand how to make money directly from multimedia browser technology but seldom succeed.

[[Categoria:Software di Microsoft]]

[[en:Microsoft Bookshelf]]

[[jaCategoria:Software Microsoft Bookshelfnon più Basicsviluppato]]