|
[[Image:Arzashburning.PNG|right|thumb|300px|The burning of Arzashkun as depicted on the bronze door coverings of Shalmaneser III from Balawat.]]
[[de:Abkürzungen]]
'''Arzashkun''' ([[Armenian language|Armenian]]: Արզաշկուն) was located north of [[Lake Van]], double walled and with towers <ref>Journal of the American Oriental Society - Page 360</ref> <ref>Shalmaneser III and the Establishment of the Assyrian Power, by A. T. Olmstead p.360</ref>. The capital of the early [[kingdom of Urartu]] in the [[9th century BC]], before [[Sarduri I]]'s move of the capital to [[Tushpa]] ([[Van, Turkey|Van]]) in [[832 BC]], some 150 km to the south-east.
Arzashkun was captured by [[Shalmaneser III]] in the 840s BC.
== Name ==
This is a list of [[initialism]]s, [[acronym]]s that are pronounced as a series of the names of the constituent letters (but, there is disagreement on some; e.g. RBOC as "are-bock").
Arzashkun seems to be the [[Assyrian]] form of an [[Urartian language|Urartian]] name ending in -ka formed from a proper name Arzash, which recalls the name Arsene, Arsissa, applied by the ancients to part of [[Lake Van]]. Arzashkun might represent the Ardzik of the [[Armenians|Armenian]] historians, west of [[Malazgirt|Malasgert]]. <ref>History of Egypt - Page 91 by G. Maspero</ref>
== A,B,CBackground ==
Arzashkun was hidden, and protected against attack, by an extent of dense forest almost impassable to a regular army. <ref>Passing of the Empires 850 BC to 330 BC</ref>
== Location ==
* AA - [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] / Automobile Association
There is no agreement as to the precise ___location of Arzashkun. It may correspond to the ''Ardzik'' of the Armenian historians, situated west of [[Malasgert]], at the [[Arzanias]] river, roughly {{coor dm|39|10|N|42|10|E|}}, in what is now the Turkish [[Muş Province]].
* [[AAA]] - formerly American Automobile Association; now officially known by the initials; often pronounced "Triple A"
* AAD - analogue analogue digital<!--re CD quality--> - [[Australian Antarctic Division]]
* AARP - formerly American Association of Retired Persons, but now officially known only by the initials
* ABA - [[American Bar Association]] / [[American Basketball Association]]
* [[ABC]] - alcoholic-beverage commission - [[phantom cats|alien big cat]] - Always Be Careful - [[Chinese American|American-Born Chinese]] - [[American Broadcasting Company]] - [[anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brake controller]] - [[Associated British Corporation]] - [[Atanasoff Berry Computer]] - [[Atlantic Baptist University|Atlantic Baptist College]] - Atomic Biological Chemical (see NBC) - [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* [[ABM]] - [[anti-ballistic missile]] - [[Asynchronous Balanced Mode]] - [[automatic teller machine|automated banking machine]]
* [[ABN]] - Australian Business Number - a number issued by the Australian government as registration of a business. Used for taxation purposes
* [[ABS]] - [[acrylonitrile butadiene styrene]] - [[anti-lock braking system]]
* [[AC]] - adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (chemotherapy) - [[alternating current]] - [[Anonymous Coward]] - ante christum - [[air conditioning]] - [[Albert Champion]] - Associazione Calcio (Italian for "football (soccer) club")
* ACC - [[Automatic Climate Control]] / [[Atlantic Coast Conference]]
* ACF - [[American Culinary Federation]]
* ACN - Australian Company Number - a number issued by the Australian government as registration of a company (limited liability) in Australia.
* ACL - Access Control List / anterior cruciate ligament
* [[ACLU]] - American Civil Liberties Union
* [[ACM]] - ''see [[ACM|entry]]''
* ACS - [[Association of Caribbean States]]
* [[AD]] - [[Latin language|Latin]] "[[Anno Domini]]" (In the year of our [[God|Lord]])
* ADA - [[American Dental Association]]
* ADD - analogue digital digital<!--re CD quality--> - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|attention-deficit disorder]]
* ADHD - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]]
* ADHS - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|attention-deficit hyperactivity syndrome]]
* ADL - [[Anti-Defamation League]]
* ADM - [[Archer Daniels Midland]]
* ADS - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|attention-deficit syndrome]]
* ADT - Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-3 hours)
* AFACT - As far as I can tell
* AFAIC - As far as I'm concerned
* AFAIK - As far as I know
* AFAIR - As far as I remember/recall
* AFJ - April Fool's Joke
* AFK - Away from keyboard
* [[AFL]] - American Federation of Labor - [[American Football League]] - [[Arena Football League]] - [[Australian Football League]]
* AGA - [[Advanced Graphics Architecture]]
* [[AGM]] - Annual General Meeting
* AI - [[Amnesty International]]; [[Artificial Intelligence]]
* AIA - Aerospace Industry Association
* AIC - [[African Independent Church]]
* [[AIDS]] - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
* AIM - [[AOL Instant Messenger]], among others
* AIPAC - American Israel Public Affairs Committee
* aka - also known as
* AKDT - [[Alaska]] Standard Daylight Saving Time (UTC-8 hours)
* AKST - [[Alaska]] Standard Time (UTC-9 hours)
* ALS - [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]
* [[AM]] - ''see [[AM|entry]]''
* AMA - [[American Medical Association]]
* [[AMD]] - Advanced Micro Devices
* AMS - American Mathematical Society
* ANC - [[African National Congress]]
* ANSI - [[American National Standards Institute]]
* [[AOL]] - America Online
* AP - [[Associated Press]] / [[Advanced Placement]]
* apm - [[Advanced Power Management]]
* [[ASA]] - Acete[[salicylic acid]] - [[American National Standards Institute|American Standards Association]] - [[Army Security Agency]] - [[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]]
* [[ASCII]] - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
* ASDF - Attack, Sustain, Decay, Release (sound envelope specification)
* ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations
* ASIO - [[Australian Security Intelligence Service]]
* [[ASL]] - American Sign Language
* ASP - Application service provider
* [[ASP]] - Active Server Pages
* AST - Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-4 hours)
* [[AT&T]] - American Telephone and Telegraph Company
* [[ATM]] - [[automated teller machine]] - [[asynchronous transfer mode]]
* ATV - All-Terrain Vehicle
* [[AUC]] - 1. [[Latin language|Latin]] "[[Ab Urbe Condita|AB URBE CONDITA]]" (from the founding of the city (of [[Rome]]) or "ANNO URBIS CONDITAE" (in the [[year]] from the founding of the city (of [[Rome]]) 2. "area under the curve" in the concentration time curve ([[medicine]])
* AVO - Apprehended Violence Order
* B&W - black and white - Babcock & Wilcox
* [[B2B]] - [[Business]] to Business
* B2C - Business to Customer
* B2E - [[Business]] to Employee
* BART - [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]]
* [[BASF]] - Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik
* BATF - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
* BB - [[Brigitte Bardot]] ([[actress]]) / Boys' Brigade (Christian youth organisation)
* BBB - blood-brain barrier - Better Business Bureau
* [[BBC]] - British Broadcasting Corporation
* BBQ - Barbeque
* BC - Before Christ / Blind Copy (in emailers) / [[British Columbia]] / [[Boston College]]
* BCC - Blind Carbon Copy
* BCE - Before Common Era - British Columbia Electric - [[European Central Bank|Banque Centrale Européenne]]
* BDA - British Dental Association
* BDU - battle-dress uniform
* BFE - Beyond/Butt F*****' [[Egypt]] (colloquial for "quite far away")
* BJT - [[bipolar junction transistors]]
* BMI - [[Broadcast Music Incorporated]] / [[Body mass index]]
* [[BMW]] - Bayerische Motoren Werke/Bavarian motor-works
* [[BMX]] - [[Bicycle]] Motor Cross
* BNS - [[Bank of Nova Scotia]]
* BO2K - [[Back Orifice 2000]]
* BOAC - British Overseas Airways Corporation
* [[BOFH]] - Bastard operator from [[hell]]
* BP - British Petroleum (today, BP doesn't officially stand for everything)
* bpm - Beats per minute
* BRB - Internet chat abbreviation, "be right back"
* BSA - [[Boy Scouts of America]]
* BSD - [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (distinct from BSoD)
* BSE - [[Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy]], better known as Mad Cow disease
* BSL - [[British Sign Language]]
* BSoD - [[Blue screen of death]] (distinct from BSD)
* [[BST]] - [[bovine somatatotrophin hormone]] - [[Blended Sales Tax]] - [[British Summer Time]]
* BT - British Telecommunications plc
* BTO - Built to Order
* BTU - [[British thermal unit]]
* BTW - By the way
* BWR - [[boiling-water reactor]]
* BYOB - Bring your own beverages/bottle
* BYU - [[Brigham Young University]]
* CAIR - [[Council on American-Islamic Relations]]
* CB - [[citizens' band radio]]
* [[CBC]] - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
* CBM - [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]] - [[Commodore Business Machines]]
* CC - carbon copy
* CCCP - Cyrillic letters corresponding SSSR, see USSR
* CCD - [[charge-coupled device]]
* [[CD]] - [[Compact disc]]
* [[CDC]] - Centre for Disease Control and prevention - [[Control Data Corporation]]
* [[CE]] - Common (or Christian) Era (cf. AD)
* [[CEO]] - Chief executive officer
* [[CEPT]] - Conference Européenne des administration des Postes et des Télécommunications (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)
* ''cf.'' - Latin ''confer'' (compare, or see also)
* CFG - [[Context-free grammar]], [[Control flow graph]]
* [[CIA]] - [[Central Intelligence Agency]] - [[Culinary Institute of America]]
* [[CID]] - Criminal Investigations Department
* [[CIO]] - [[Chief information officer]] - [[Congress of Industrial Organisations]]
* [[CIS]] - Commonwealth of Independent States (former [[Soviet Union]]
* CJC - Canadian Jewish Congress
* [[CLEC]] - [[Competitive Local Exchange Carrier]]
* CLI - [[command line interface]]/interpreter
* CMHC - Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
* [[CMM]] - Capability Maturity Model
* [[CMOS]] - complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
* CMR - Coaxial Main Rotors (helicopter type)
* [[CMYK]] - cyan magenta yellow key (colour model)
* [[CND]] - Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
* [[CNN]] - Cable News Network
* CO - Central Office (Phone Company office or POP)
* COD - cash on delivery
* COLA - cost of living adjustment
* [[CPA]] - Certified Practicing Accountant
* CPPCC - [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
* CPU - [[central processing unit]]
* [[CQD]] - come quick, distress (?)
* [[CRC]] - Christian Reformed Church - [[Cyclic redundancy check]] - Chemical Rubber Company
* CRM - [[Customer_relationship_management|Customer Relationship Management]]
* CRT - [[cathode ray tube]] - [[Chinese remainder theorem]]
* CRTC - [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]]
* [[CSA]] - [[Confederate States of America]] - Canadian Standards Association - [[Canadian Space Agency]] - Child Support Agency - Czech Airlines - [[Community Supported Agriculture]]
* [[CSI]] - multiple meanings
* [[CSICOP]] - [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]]
* CSIS - [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]] - Center For Strategic & International Studies
* [[CSS]] - [[Cascading Style Sheets]] - [[content-scrambling system]] - [[cross site scripting]]
* [[CTSS]] - Compatible Time-Sharing System
* CUPE - Canadian Union of Public Employees
* CUPW - Canadian Union of Postal Workers
* [[CV]] - ''see [[CV|entry]]''
* CVR - Cockpit voice recorder
* CWC - [[Chemical Weapons Convention]]
This city is located variously by different scholars in the region of [[Lake Urmia]], in that of Lake Van at Malazgirt or at Bostankaya between Malagirt and Patnos or lying west or north of [[Lake Van]]. <ref>The Cambridge Ancient History - Page 335 by John Boardman</ref>
== D,E,F ==
== Fall of Arzashkun ==
* d/b/a - doing business as
At the headwaters of the river [[Tigris]], there appears in the ninth century, B.C., an organized state of [[Urartu]]. Shalmaneser regarded it as so menacing to [[Assyria]]'s interest that he undertook an expedition in 857, claimed to destroyed the capital Arzashkun <ref>The Ancient Assyrians - Page 12
* DC - da capo - [[Italy|Italian]] [[Democrazia Cristiana]] - [[direct current]] - [[District of Columbia]] - [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] - [[Dublin Core]] - [[duty cycle]]
by Mark Healy</ref>, penetrated as far as [[Lake Van]], and left his inscription on [[Mount Irritia]]. <ref>Aram and Israel - Page 105 by Emil Gottlieb Heinrich Kraeling</ref>
* DDD - digital digital digital (CD quality) - [[Data Display Debugger]]
* DDR - Deutsche Demokratische Republik ([[East Germany]], English abbr.: GDR, qv.)
* DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery
* [[DDT]] - dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (insecticide) - Dynamic Debugging Tool (computing)
* [[DEA]] - Drug Enforcement Agency
* [[DEC]] - [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] - [[Disasters Emergency Committee]] - [[Department of Environmental Conservation]]
* DH, DD, DS - dear husband, dear daughter, dear son (increasingly prevalent on social mailing lists, blogs, and bulletin boards)
* DHSS - [[Department of Health and Social Security]]
* [[DIMM]] - double in-line memory module (computing)
* [[Dual in-line package|DIP]] - dual in-line package (electronics)
* [[DIY]] - do it yourself
* DMA - [[direct memory access]] (computing)
* DMD - Doctor of Dental Medicine
* DMZ - [[demilitarized zone]]
* [[DNA]] - DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - [[Douglas Adams]]
* DND - Do Not Disturb - Department of National Defense
* DOA - Dead On Arrival
* DPCO - [[switch|double-pole change over]]
* DPDT - [[switch|double-pole double-throw]]
* DPRK - [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]
* DPST - [[switch|double-pole single-throw]]
* DRA - Democratic Republic of America
* DRAM - [[dynamic random access memory]] (computing)
* DRC - [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* DREA - Defense Research Establishment Atlantic
* DRL - daytime running lights - Dorman Roberts Ltd.
* DTL - [[diode-transistor logic]] (electronics)
* DTRA - [[Defence Threat Reduction Agency]]
* [[DUI]] - [[drunk driving|Driving Under the Influence]] - Data Use Identifier - Data Use Institute - Davis Unified Ignition - Diving Unlimited International - Documento Único de Identidad - Documento Unico de Importación - Duke University Improv
* [[DVD]] - Digital Versatile Disk (was Digital Video Disk)
* DVM - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
* [[DWI]] - [[drunk driving|Driving While Intoxicated/Impaired]] - [[Dance With Intensity]] - [[Danish West Indies]] - Diffusion-weighted imaging - Direct water injection - Disaster Welfare Inquiry - Drinking Water Inspectorate
* EAFUS - "Everything" Added to Food in the United States (FDA list)
* [[EBCDIC]] - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (computing)
* EBE - extraterrestrial biological entity
* EBW - [[exploding-bridgewire detonator|exploding bridgewire]]
* ECL - [[emitter coupled logic]] (electronics)
* [[ECS]] - Extended Chip Set (computing)
* [[EEC]] - European Economic Community (predecessor of the EU, qv.)
* EFF - [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]
* e.g. - example gratis (Latin, roughly "for example", "for instance")
* [[ELF]] - [[Earth Liberation Front]] - [[Endangered Language Fund]] - [[Eritrean Liberation Front]] - [[Executable and Linkable Format]] - [[Extremely Low Frequencies]]
* EMF - electromotive force
* EMO - emergency-measures organisation
* EMP - electromagnetic pulse
* ENE - east northeast
* EPL - [[FA Premier League|English Premier League]]
* [[ERA]] - [[earned run average]] - [[Engineering Research Associates]] - [[Equal Rights Amendment]]
* ERCIM - European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics
* [[ESA]] - [[European Space Agency]]
* ESE - east southeast
* ESP - Extra-Sensory Perception
* ETA - estimated time of arrival - [[ETA|Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna]]
* etc - latin "et cetera" (and remaining)
* ETLA - Extended [[TLA]]
* EU - [[European Union]]
* [[EULA]] - End-User License Agreement
* EVA - [[extra-vehicular activity]]
* FAAQ - Frequently Asked and Anticipated Questions (see also FAQ)
* [[FAO]] - Food and Agriculture Organization
* [[FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions
* FASEB - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
* [[FBI]] - Federal Bureau of Investigation
* FCM - [[Fogarty's Cove Music]] - [[Federation of Canadian Municipalities]]
* FDR - [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] - Flight data recorder
* FEMA - [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]]
* FIU - [[Florida International University]]
* FLIR - [[forward looking infrared]] (sensor)
* FLK - Funny-Looking Kid (medical diagnosis in-joke)
* FM - [[frequency modulation]] (electronics)
* FMSF [[False Memory Syndrome Foundation]]
* FPS - [[First person shooter]] (computer/video games)
* FSF - [[Free Software Foundation]]
* FST - [[Finlands Svenska Television]] (Finland's Swedish-language television)
* FTL - Faster Than Light
* [[FUD]] - Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt (marketing strategy)
* [[FWI]] - French West Indies
* FWIW - For What It's Worth
* FYI - For Your Information
* FYROM - Former Yugoslav [[Republic of Macedonia]]
Shalmaneser on his ''Black Obelisk'' records this campaign:
== G,H,I ==
:(35-44) In the third year of my reign, Ahuni, son of Adini, was frightened before my mighty weapons and retreated from Til-barzip, his royal city. I crossed the Euphrates. I seized for myself the city of Ana-Assur-utir-asbat, which lies on the other side of the Euphrates, on the Sagur river, which the Hittite people called Pitru. When I returned, I entered the passes of the land of Alzi; the lands of Alzi, Suhni, Daiaeni, Tumme, Arzashkunu, the royal city of [[Aramu|Arame]], the Armenian (king), Gilzânu, and Hubushkia (I conquered).[http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/meso/obelisk.html]
* [[GCD]] - ''see [[GCD|entry]]''
* GCF - [[greatest common divisor|greatest common factor]]
* [[GDP]] - gross domestic product
* GDR - [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]]
* GE - [[General Electric]] - Genetic Engineering (see GM)
* [[GEOS]] - Graphical Environment Operating System
* GEV - Ground Effect Vehicle
* GFCI - ground fault circuit interrupter (aka GFI)
* GFDL - [[GNU Free Documentation License]]
* GFI - ground fault interrupter (aka GFCI)
* GFY - Internet chat acronym, "good for you", or "go [[fuck]] yourself", depending on the context
* [[GI]] - galvanised iron - government issue - gastro-intestinal
* GL - Grenade Launcher
* GM - GameMaster (role-playing terminology) / [[Genetically Modified]] / [[General Motors]] / [[Guru Meditation]]
* GmbH - Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (German, roughy "Inc" or "Ltd")
* [[GMO]] - Genetically modified organism
* GPIB - [[IEEE-488|General-Purpose Instrumentation/Interface Bus]]
* [[GPS]] - [[Global Positioning System]]
* GRAS - Generally Regarded as Safe (FDA list)
* GST - [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)]]
* GT - [[Gran Turismo]]
* GUI - [[graphical user interface]]
* GUT - [[grand unification theory]]
* HCF - [[greatest common divisor|highest common factor]]
* HDD - [[hard disk]] drive - [[high-density disk]]
* HEPA - High-efficiency particulate air (filter)
* HKS - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|hyperkinetic syndrome]]
* HMCE - [[Her Majesty's Customs and Excise]]
* HMCS - Her/His Majesty's Canadian Ship
* [[HMO]] - Health Management Organization
* HMP - Her (or His) Majesty's Prison
* HMS - Her (or His) Majesty's Ship (see [[Royal Navy]])
* HMSO - Her (or His) Majesty's Stationery Office
* [[HPGL]] - Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language
* HPIB - [[IEEE-488|Hewlett-Packard Instrumentation/Interface Bus]]
* HPV - human papilloma virus
* HQ - Headquarters
* HRH - His/Her Royal Highness
* HSS - [[High-Speed Steel]]
* [[HST]] - ''see [[HST|entry]]''
* [[HSV]] - [[herpes simplex virus]] - hue saturation value ([[HSV color space|colour model]])
* [[HTML]] - Hypertext Markup Language
* HVP - hydrolized vegetable protein - HarborView Properties<!--hvp.com--> - High Vacuum Process<!--hvp.it-->
* IAAF - [[International Association of Athletics Federations]]
* [[IAAL]] - I am a lawyer
* [[IAEA]] - International Atomic Energy Agency
* [[IAI]] - [[International African Institute]]
* IANA - [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]
* [[IANAL]] - I am not a lawyer
* IATA - [[International Air Transport Association]]
* [[ICAO]] - International Civil Aviation Organization
* ICBM - [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]
* ICC - [[International Criminal Court]]
* ICP - [[Insane Clown Posse]]
* IDF - [[Israel Defence Forces]]
* ie - ''id est'' (Latin, roughly "that is")
* IEEE - [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]
* IFO - Identified flying object
* IHR - Institute for Historical Review
* IIRC - If I recall correctly
* IIT - [[Indian Institutes of Technology]]
* [[ILC]] - International Law Commission
* [[ILO]] - International Labour Organisation
* [[IMF]] - [[International Monetary Fund]]
* [[IMHO]] - In My Humble Opinion
* IMO - [[International Maritime Organization]] - In My Opinion
* IMRI - [[Industrial Membrane Research Institute]] - [[Information Management Research Institute]] - [[International Market Research Information]] - [[Institut pour le Management de la Recherche et de l'Innovation]] - [[intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging]]
* INC - Iraqi National Congress
* [[INLA]] - [[Irish National Liberation Army]]
* INRI - Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudæorum (Latin, Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews)
* IPN - [[Instytut Pamieci Narodowej]] (Institute for National Memory)
* IQ - intelligence quotient
* IR - [[infrared]]
* [[IRA]] - [[Individual Retirement Account]] (legally, Individual Retirement Arrangement) - [[Irish Republican Army]]
* IRC - [[Internet relay chat]]
* [[IRO]] - International Refugee Organisation
* [[IRS]] - [[U.S. Internal Revenue Service|Internal Revenue Service]]
* [[ISA]] - [[Individual Savings Account]] - [[industry standard architecture]] - [[instruction set|Instruction Set Architecture]] - [[International Seabed Authority]]
* ISO - [[International Organization for Standardization]]
* [[ITN]] - Independent Television News (British TV news company)
* [[ITU]] - International Telecommunication Union (yet to be established)
== J,K,LReferences ==
{{Reflist}}
== See also ==
*[[Urartu]]
*[[Sugunia]]
[[Category:Urartu]]
* JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
[[Category:History of Anatolia]]
* JCS - [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]
[[Category:History of Armenia]]
* JDL - [[Jewish Defense League]]
* [[JFK]] - [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]
* JRA - [[Japanese Red Army]]
* JW - [[Jehovah's witness]]
* [[KARNAC]] - Knowledge Aided Retrieval in Activity Context
* KCK - [[Kansas City, Kansas]]
* KCMO - [[Kansas City, Missouri]] (pronounced "K-C-Moe")
* KFC - [[Kentucky Fried Chicken]]
* [[KGB]] - Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Committee for State Security - Soviet Intelligence Service
* KIA - Killed In Action
* KISS - Keep It Simple, Stupid
* KKK - [[Ku Klux Klan]]
* LANL - [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
* [[LATA]] - Local Access Transport Area
* [[LBGT]] - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
* LBJ - [[Lyndon Johnson]] - "Lady Bird" Johnson - [[Lightbulb joke]]
* LCM - [[least common multiple]]
* LDAP - [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol]]
* LDS - [[Latter Day Saint]]
* LEC - Local Exchange Carrier
* [[LED]] - Light Emitting Diode
* [[LGB]] - [[Lesbian]], [[Gay]], [[Bisexual]]
* LGM - little green men
* [[LIFO]] - Last In First Out
* LLC - limited liability company
* LLP - limited liability partnership
* LMAO - Laughing my a** off.
* LMS - [[London Mathematical Society]]
* LNG - liquefied natural gas
* LOL - Laughing Out Loud
* LPG - liquefied petroleum gas
* LSE - [[London School of Economics]] - [[London Stock Exchange]]
* LSI - [[Large-Scale Integration]]
[[hy:Արզաշկուն]]
== M,N,O ==
* MAA - [[Mathematical Association of America]]
* [[MAD]] - [[magnetic anomaly detector]] - [[mutual assured destruction]]
* [[MADD]] - [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]] - [[Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency]]
* MASH - Mobile army surgical hospital
* MBTA - Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority
* MCD - [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|minimal cerebral dysfunction]]
* MDF - [[main distribution frame]] - [[medium-density fibreboard]]
* MG - [[Machine gun]]
* MHz - [[Megahertz]]
* MIA - Missing in action
* MIT - [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]; Milli Istihbarad Teskilati (Intelligence service of Turkey)
* [[MITS]] - ''see [[MITS|entry]]''
* MLA - member of legislative assembly
* MLB - [[Major League Baseball]]
* MLS - [[Major League Soccer]]
* [[MMU]] - Manned Maneuvering Unit
* MND - [[Motor Neurone Disease]]
* [[MO]] - [[modus operandi]]
* MOAB - mother of all bombs
* [[MOPE]] - Most Oppressed People Ever (politics)
* MOSFET - metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
* [[MP]] - [[Member of Parliament]] - [[military police]] - [[magic points]]
* MRI - [[magnetic resonance imaging]]
* [[MS]] - [[Master of Science]] - [[Microsoft]] (sometimes M$) - [[Multiple sclerosis]]
* MSG - [[Monosodium glutamate]]
* [[MSIE]] - [[Microsoft]] Internet Explorer
* MTR - Main and Tail Rotor (helicopter type)
* [[MTS]] - Michigan Terminal/Timesharing System - [[multichannel television sound]] - [[Multi-Technical Services]]
* [[MTV]] - Music TeleVision; MainosTeleVisio (Finnish commercial TV company)
* n/a - not available / Not applicable
* NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
* [[NAIRU]] - Non Accelerating [[Inflation]] Rate of [[Unemployment]]
* NAMBLA - North American Man-Boy Love Association - National Association of Marlon Brando Look-Alikes<!--gets more hits than you'd think!-->
* [[NASA]] - Nat'l Aeronautics and Space Administration - Never A Straight Answer
* [[NATO]] - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
* NB - nota bene - [[New Brunswick]]
* [[NBA]] - National Basketball Association
* NBC - Nuclear/Biological/Chemical - [[National Broadcasting Corporation]]
* [[NC]] - [[network computer]] - non-consensual - [[relay|normally closed]] - [[North Carolina]]
* [[NCAA]] - National Collegiate Athletic Association
* NDP - [[New Democratic Party]]
* NE - northeast
* NET - [[National Educational Television]]
* NFER - [[National Foundation for Educational Research]]
* NFL - [[National Football League]]
* [[Nfld]] - [[Newfoundland and Labrador | Newfoundland]]
* NG - natural gas - next generation
* NGO - [[non-governmental organization]]
* NHANES - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
* NHL - [[National Hockey League]]
* NIH - [[National Institutes of Health]] - [[Not Invented Here]]
* NIEHS - [[Natinal Institute of Environmental Health Sciences]]
* NIMH - [[nickel metal hydride]] - [[National Institute of Medical Herbalists]] - [[National Institute of Mental Health]]
* NIST - [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]
* NLP - [[Natural Language Processing]] or [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]]
* NNE - north northeast
* NNW - north northwest
* NO - [[relay|normally open]]
* NORML - National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
* NPC - Non-Player Character (roleplaying terminology) / National Provincial Championship (New Zealand rugby competition)
* NPD - [[Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands]] (German)
* NPOV - [[Neutral point of view]]
* [[NPR]] - National public radio
* NRTA - National Retired Teachers Association - National Rat Terrier Association - Northwest Regional Transmission Association - National Retail Tenants Association
* NSA - [[National Security Agency]]
* [[NTSC]] - National Television Standards Committee
* NW - northwest
* NWFZ - Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone
* NYSE - [[New York Stock Exchange]]
* NZ - [[New Zealand]]
* OAC - on approved credit
* [[OAU]] - Organization for African Unity
* OBE - [[Order of the British Empire]]
* OCR - optical character recognition
* [[OCS]] - ''see [[OCS|entry]]''
* OED - [[Oxford English Dictionary]]
* OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
* OJ - orange juice / [[O. J. Simpson]]
* OO - [[object-oriented programming|object oriented]] - over & out
* OOP - [[object-oriented programming]]
* OSB - oriented-strand board
* OSI - [[Office of Strategic Influence]] / [[Ontario Swine Improvement]] / [[Open Source Initiative]] / [[Open systems interconnect]]
* [[OSS]] - Organization of Strategic Services (forerunner of [[CIA]])
* OTOH - On The Other Hand
== P,Q,R,S ==
* [[PABX]] - [[Private Automated Branch Exchange]] (company phone system)
* PARC - [[Xerox PARC|Palo Alto Research Center]]
* PBS - [[Public Broadcasting Service]]
* [[PBX]] - [[Private Branch Exchange]] (company phone system)
* PC - [[Personal Computer]]; Player Character (roleplaying terminology); Politically Correct(ness)
* [[PCB]] - ''see [[PCB|entry]]''
* PCC - [[Presidents Conference Committee]]
* PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Association / People Can't Memorise Computer-Industry Acronyms
* [[PCP]] - [[phencyclidine]] - [[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]] - [[Probabilistically Checkable Proof]]
* PDA - [[Public display of affection]] - [[personal digital assistant]] - [[push-down automaton]]
* PDF - portable document format
* PDN - pull-down network
* PDQ - pretty damn quick (?)
* PDRY - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
* [[PET]] - [[positron emission tomography]] - [[Commodore PET|Personal Electronic Transactor]]
* PETA - [[pentaerythritol triacrylate]] - [[People Eating Tasty Animals]] - [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]]
* PFO - Pissed, Fell Over (medical diagnosis in-joke)
* PIN - [[Personal identication Number]]
* PINF - [[People In Need Foundation]] (Czech charitable organization)
* PIPA - Program on International Policy Attitudes
* [[Public limited company|PLC]] - (British) public limited company
* [[PLO]] - Palestine Liberation Organization
* [[PM]] - post meridian - [[Prime Minister]] - [[phase modulation]] - [[Perry Mason]]
* PNAC - [[Project for the New American Century]]
* [[PNG]] - Portable Network Graphic - [[Papua New Guinea]]
* [[PNP]] - [[Partido Nuevo Progresista]] - [[plug-and-play|plug 'n' play]] - [[transistor|positive negative positive]]
* POP - Point of Presence - Post Office Protocol
* [[POTS]] - [[Plain Old Telephone Service]], also PANS - Pretty Advanced (or Awsome) Network Services
* [[PPP]] - [[Point-to-Point Protocol]] / [[Purchasing Power Parity]]
* PRC - [[People's Republic of China]]
* [[PSA]] - [[Prostate specific antigen]] - Production Services Association - Paralysis Society of America - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia - Public Service Association - [[Public Service Announcement]] - pressure-sensitive adhesive
* PTA - [[parent-teacher association]]
* PTUI - plain-text user interface
* PUG - [[Commodore PET|PET]] Users Group
* PUN - pull-up network
* [[PVC]] - [[virtual circuit|permanent virtual circuit]] - [[polyvinyl chloride]] - [[premature ventricular contraction]]
* PWP - Plot, What Plot? (in online fiction, especially [[Fan fiction|fanfic]] or erotic fiction, to denote plotless, um, "feel-good" stories)
* PWR - [[pressurized water reactor]]
* QC - Queen's Counsel
* QCA - [[Qualifications and Curriculum Authority]] - [[Quality Council of Alberta]]
* QCD - [[quantum chromodynamics]]
* QED - Latin "quid es demonstrata" (that proves it) - [[quantum electrodynamics]]
* QSL - [[Québec sign language]]
* qv - Latin "quod vide" (which see)
* R&B - [[Rhythm and Blues]]
* RA - [[right ascension]]
* RAF - [[Royal Air Force]]; [[Red Army Faction]]
* RAM - [[random-access memory]]
* [[Rap]] - Rhythm and poetry
* RBI - [[Runs batted in]]
* RBOC - [[Regional Bell operating company]] ("Baby Bell")
* [[RC]] - ''see [[RC|entry]]''
* RCA - [[Radio Corporation of America]]
* RCAF - [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]
* RCCO - [[Royal Canadian College of Organists]]
* RCMP - [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]
* REACT - [[REACT belt|Remote Electronically Activated Control Technology]]
* REAM - Retired Educators Association of Minnesota
* RFC - request for comments
* RGB - red green blue ([[RGB color space|colour model]])
* RIAA - [[Recording Industry Association of America]]
* [[RIP]] - Rest in Peace (requiescant in pace)
* [[RMS]] - Royal Mail Ship (eg [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']]) - Root-mean-square - [[Richard Stallman]] - [[Rate-monotonic scheduling]]
* [[RNA]] - Ribonucleic Acid
* ROC - [[Republic of China]]
* ROFL(MAO) - Rolling On the Floor Laughing (My A** Off)
* ROM - [[read-only memory]]
* ROV - [[remotely operated vehicle]]
* RP - role-playing
* RPG - [[role-playing game]]; Rocket Projectile Gun; Rocket Powered/Propelled Grenade
* rpm - Revolutions Per Minute; [[Red Hat Package Manager]]
* RPN - [[Reverse Polish Notation]]
* rps - Revolutions Per Second
* RTF - [[Rich Text Format]]
* RTL - [[resistor-transistor logic]]
* RUC - [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]]
* SA - Sturmabteilung (Storm Detachment, forerunner and rival of SS)
* SAD - [[Seasonal Affective Disorder]]
* SALT - [[Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty]]
* SAM - [[sequential-access memory]] - [[surface-to-air missile]] - [[Sociedad Aeronáutica de Medellín]]
* SAR - [[Search and Rescue]] - [[special administrative region]]
* SARS - [[Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome]]
* SAS - [[Special Air Service]]; [[Scandinavian Airline Systems]]
* [[SAT college entrance test|SAT]] - formerly Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test; now known solely by the initials
* SATB - soprano alto tenor bass
* SBS - [[Special Boat Service]]; [[Special Broadcasting Service]]
* SCRAM - safety control rod axe man
* [[SCSI]] - small computer system interface
* [[SDI]] - ''see [[SDI|entry]]''
* SDP - [[Social Democratic Party]] (European politics)
* SE - southeast
* SEC - [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] / [[Southeastern Conference]]
* [[SETI]] - Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
* SF - [[San Francisco]] - [[science fiction]]
* SGML - [[Standard Generalised Markup Language]]
* SI - [[SI|Système International]] - [[Socialist International]] - [[Sports Illustrated]]
* SIAM - [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]
* SIG - Special Interest Group
* [[SIMM]] - single in-line memory module
* SIS - [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (also known as [[MI6]])
* SLA - [[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
* SMDR - Station Message Detail Recording
* SMG - [[Submachine Gun]]
* SMU - [[Southern Methodist University]]
* [[SNAFU]] - Situation Normal (All Fouled Up)
* [[SNCF]] - Société National des Chemins de Fer Français (French Railways)
* SOE - [[Special Operations Executive]] (WW2 British organization)
* SOL - S**t Out of Luck
* [[SOV]] - Single occupant vehicle
* SPCO - [[switch|single-pole change over]]
* SPDT - [[switch|single-pole double-throw]]
* [[SPQR]] - [[Roman Senate|Senatus]] Populus Que Romanus
* SPST - [[switch|single-pole single-throw]]
* SRAM - [[Static Random Access Memory]]
* SRB - [[solid rocket booster]]
* [[SS]] - Schutzstaffel (elite guard) - [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] - Spanish ship - [[stainless steel]] - [[Stockholm Skins]] - Super Sport
* SSDD - same shit, different day - single-sided double-density
* SSE - south southeast
* [[SSRI]] - [[Social Systems Research Institute]] - [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]
* SSW - south southwest
* [[STOL]] - Short Take Off and Landing
* [[STOVL]] - Short Take Off and Vertical Landing
* STP - [[standard temperature and pressure]]
* SUB - student-union building
* SVO - [[Subject Verb Object|subject, verb, object]]
* SW - southwest
* [[SWAPO]] - South West African People's Organization
== T,U,V ==
* TATT - Tired All The Time (medical diagnosis in-joke)
* [[TCP]] - [[Transmission Control Protocol]] - [[trichlorophenol]]
* TCU - [[Texas Christian University]]
* TGIF - Thank God it's Friday
* TGV - [[TGV|Train à Grande Vitesse]] (high-speed train) - Tanjong Golden Village - Test Generation with Verification
* [[TLA]] - Three-Letter Acronym
* TLC - tender loving care - [[The Learning Channel]]
* TLD - [[top-level ___domain]]
* TM - [[trademark]] - [[Turing machine]]
* TMR - Twin Main Rotors (helicopter type)
* [[TSR]] - ''see [[TSR|entry]]''
* TTYL - [[Internet chat acryonym]], "talk to you later"
* TUG - [[TeX]] Users Group
* TUI - [[text user interface]]
* TUNS - [[Technical University of Nova Scotia]]
* TWAT - [[War on Terrorism|The War Against Terror]]
* UBC - [[united baptist church]] - [[University of British Columbia]]
* [[UÇK]] - acronym for two [[Albanians|Albanian]] guerilla movements
* [[UCLA]] - University of California Los Angeles
* [[UFO]] - Unidentified Flying Object
* UHF - [[ultra high frequency]]
* UHMW - ultra-high molecular weight
* UL - [[Underwriters Laboratories]]
* [[UN]] - United Nations
* UNCF - United Negro College Fund
* [[UNHCR]] - United Nations High Commission for Refugees
* UNLV - [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]
* UNSM - [[Union of Nova Scotian Municipalities]]
* [[UPI]] - United Press International
* UPS - [[United Parcel Service]] - [[uninterruptible power supply]]
* [[UPU]] - Universal Postal Union
* URI - uniform resource identifier
* URL - uniform resource locator
* USA - [[United States of America]]
* USAF - [[United States Air Force]]
* USAPATRIOT - [[USA PATRIOT Act|Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism]]
* USC - [[United States Code]] / [[University of Southern California]] / [[University of South Carolina]]
* USDOE - [[United States Department of Energy]]
* USGS - [[United States Geological Survey]]
* USS - [[United States]] ship
* USSR - United Soviet Socialist Republics (ie. [[Soviet Union]])
* UV - [[ultraviolet]]
* VAT - [[value-added tax]]
* VHF - [[very high frequency]]
* VIP - very important person
* VLSI - [[Very-large-scale integration]]
* VNS - vagus nerve stimulation
* VP - vice-president
* VSO - [[Voluntary Services Overseas]]
* [[VTOL]] - Vertical Takeoff & Landing
* VV - [[Via Voice]] - <cite>[[Village Voice]]</cite>
== W,X,Y,Z ==
* [[W3C]] - World Wide Web Consortium
* [[WASP]] - white anglo-saxon protestant
* WB - [[Warner Brothers]]
* WC - [[Winston Churchill]] - water closet
* [[WCL]] - World Confederation of Labour
* [[WFP]] - World Food Program
* [[WHO]] - World Health Organization
* WIPO - [[World Intellectual Property Organization]]
* [[WMO]] - World Meteorological Organization
* WNW - west northwest
* WOLOG - without loss of generality
* WRT - with respect to
* WSJ - Wall Street <cite>Journal</cite>
* WSW - west southwest
* [[WTC]] - World Trade Center
* WTO - [[World Trade Organization]]
* WW1 (or WWI) - [[World War One]]
* WW2 (or WWII) - [[World War Two]]
* WWE - [[World Wrestling Entertainment]]
* WWF - [[World Wildlife Fund]]; [[World Wrestling Federation]]
* WWW - [[World Wide Web]]
* [[YMCA]] - Young Men's Christian Association
* YMMV - Your Mileage May Vary
* [[YWCA]] - Young Women's Christian Association
* ZOPFAN - Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality
''See also:'' [[List of acronyms]], [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation/Abbreviations]], [[Abbreviations used in CIA World Factbook]]
==External link==
*[http://www.acronymfinder.com Acronymfinder]
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