Tribute and City Hall, London (Southwark): Difference between pages

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Revision as of 08:42, 18 July 2007

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[[de:Tribut]]

[[Image:city.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|City Hall, taken from the high walkway on Tower Bridge]]

:''For alternate meanings see [[Tribute (disambiguation)]]''

[[Image:Cityhalllondon-int.600px.jpg|thumb|215px|The interior of City Hall]]

'''City Hall''' in [[London]] is the [[headquarters]] of the [[Greater London Authority]] and the [[Mayor of London]]. It stands on the south bank of the [[River Thames]], in the [[More London]] development by [[Tower Bridge]]. Designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], it opened in July [[2002]].

The building has an unusual bulbous shape, intended to reduce the [[building]]'s surface area and thus improve [[Energy conservation|energy efficiency]]. It has been compared variously to [[Darth Vader]]'s helmet, a misshapen [[Egg (food)|egg]], a human [[scrotum]], a [[woodlouse]] or a [[motorcycle helmet]]. London Mayor [[Ken Livingstone]] referred to it as a "glass [[testicle]]". Its designers reportedly saw the building as a giant sphere hanging over the Thames, but opted for a more conventionally rooted building instead. The building has no front or back on conventional terms but derives its shape from a modified sphere.

A '''tribute''' (from [[Latin]] ''tribulum'', contribution) is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often case in historical contests, of submission or allegiance. It also incorporated certain aspects of regulated trade in goods and services between the parties under a contractual relationship formed upon [[duress]], and based upon the potential for threats if [[specific performance]] did not occur.

City Hall was constructed on a site formerly occupied by wharves serving the [[Pool of London]]. The building does not belong

A '''tributary''' is a state, colony, region, or people who pay tribute to a more powerful, [[suzerain]] [[state]].

to the GLA but is leased under a 25-year rent. It forms part of a larger development called [[More London]], including offices and shops. Next to City Hall is a sunken [[amphitheatre]] called The Scoop, which is used in the summer months for open-air performances; it is not, however, part of the GLA's jurisdiction.

A 500 metre (1,640 foot) [[helical]] [[walkway]], reminiscent of that in [[New York City|New York]]'s [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] ascends the full height of the building. At the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living Room," with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency; a similar device was used by Foster in his design for the rebuilt [[Reichstag (building)|Reichstag]] in [[Germany]]. In 2006 it was announced that Solar [[photovoltaic]] cells would be fitted to the building by the [[London Climate Change Agency]] [http://home.nestor.minsk.by/build/press/2006/09/1522.html].

City Hall is not in the [[City of London]], whose headquarters is in the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] north of the Thames. The predecessors of the Greater London Authority, namely the [[Greater London Council]] and the [[London County Council]], had their headquarters at [[County Hall, London|County Hall]], upstream on the South Bank. Although County Hall's old council chamber is still intact, the building is unavailable for use by the GLA due to the building's conversion into, amongst other things, a luxury hotel, amusement arcade and [[aquarium]].

Various ancient states, which could be called suzerains, exacted tribute from areas they had [[conquest|conquered]] or threatened to conquer. In case of [[alliance]]s, lesser parties gave tribute to the dominant parties as a sign of allegiance and for the purposes of financing the agreed projects - usually raising an army. The term may also be used on religious [[tax]] used for maintenance of [[temple]]s and other sacred places.

== External links==

[[Athens]] received tribute from the other cities of the [[Delian League]]. Empires of [[Babylon]], [[Carthage]] and [[Rome]] exacted tribute from their [[province]]s and subject kingdoms. [[Roman republic]] also exacted tribute in the form of equivalent to proportional [[property tax]]es for the purpose of waging [[war]].

{{commonscat|City Hall (London)}}

* [http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/city_hall/index.jsp Official website]

* [http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/andy/qt/gla.html 3D Panorama inside City Hall (requires QuickTime)]

* [http://www.mayorwatch.co.uk/news.php?slug=Guide-City-Hall-Home-GLA&article_id=50 MayorWatch Guide to City Hall]

{{coor title dms|51|30|17|N|0|04|42|W|region:GB_type:landmark}}

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==Chinese practice of tributes as trade regulation==

[[Category:Local government buildings in London]]

In [[China]] the tribute system began from the earliest days to provide both an administrative means to control vassals, as well as a means for which to provide exclusive trading rights to those who paid tribute from foreign regions. The process of tribute from a foreign nation to China allowed reciprocal trade under both imperial protection and imperial regulation, and barred entry into this trade by those who did not participate. It was an integral part of the [[Confucian]] philosophy and was seen as equivalent to the familial relation of younger sons looking after older parents by devoting part of their wealth, assets, or goods to that purpose. Political marriages also existed between the Chinese empire and tribute states, such as [[Songtsen Gampo]] and Wencheng (Gyasa). China often got tribute from the states under the influence of [[Confucian]] civilization and gave them Chinese products and recognition of their authority and sovereignty in return. Sometimes Chinese support were significant in local politics.

[[Category:London Government]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Southwark]]

[[Category:City and town halls in the United Kingdom|London]]

[[Category:2002 architecture]]

[[Category:Norman Foster buildings]]

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Chinese dynasties also paid tribute to other states for aid or peace. In the [[Han Dynasty]], [[Tang Dynasty]] and [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period, the emperors paid tribute to get aid from [[Gokturks]], [[Xiongnu]] and the [[Khitan]] [[Liao Dynasty]] to conquer [[All under heaven]]. In the [[Song dynasty]], a tribute was given to [[Jurchen]] [[Jin Dynasty]] for peace. The [[Qing dynasty]] signed many treaties including tribute conditions after many wars, such as the [[Opium War]]s, and the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].

[[cs:Londýnská radnice]]

In addition, the [[Zheng He]] expeditions also carried goods to build tribute relationships between the [[Ming dynasty]] and newly discovered kingdoms.

[[de:City Hall (London)]]

[[fr:Hôtel de ville de Londres]]

Tribute activities takes several chapters in the [[Twenty-Four Histories]].

[[ka:სიტი ჰოლი (ლონდონი)]]

[[pl:City Hall (Londyn)]]

==Western European notions of tribute in medieval times==

[[fi:Lontoon kaupungintalo]]

[[Raid]]ers, like [[Vikings]] and [[Celt]]ic tribes, could also exact tribute instead of raiding the place if the potential targets agreed to pay a agreed amount of valuables.

Tribute was not always money but also valuables and people that were effectively [[hostage]]s kept in exchange of good behavior.

Various medieval lords required tribute from their [[vassal]]s or [[peasants]], nominally in exchange of protection to incur the costs of raising armies, or paying for free-lance mercenaries against a hostile neighbouring state. That system evolved into medieval [[taxation]] and co-existed as a secular approximation of the churchly [[tithe]] upon income.

During the Spanish [[Reconquista]], there were period when the Christian kings were more militarily powerful than the Moors, but lacked the population to settle and defend the conquered territories.

They contented with receiving tribute, the [[parias]].

Combined with commerce across the Mediterranean, it was a means for African wares like gold to enter Europe.

==Tribute in the modern era==

Modern elements of tribute are restricted to highly formal and ceremonial rituals: such as formal gifts being given to prove either fealty or loyalty upon the inauguration of a US or other president, a wedding of a president's children while in office; the accession of a member of a royal family, or their marriages; and even in the largely staged show business marriages, where studios, banks, and other stars prove their loyalty through expensive gifts in hope of future benefits, and if are not given will result in loss of business. Thus the element of duress and coercion seen in earlier times is part of this process, particularly in Hollywood.

[[Category:International relations]]

[[zh:朝贡体系]]