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[[Image:Zeus Typhon Staatliche Antikensammlungen 596.jpg|thumb|right|280px|[[Zeus]] darting his lightning at Typhon, Chalcidian black-figured [[hydria]], ca. [[550 BC]], [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]] (Inv. 596)]]
{{Infobox Biography
| subject_name = Lou Costello
| image_name = a&c.jpg
| image_size = 170px
| image_caption = Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
| date_of_birth = [[March 6]], [[1906]]
| place_of_birth = [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson, NJ]]
| date_of_death = [[March 3]], [[1959]]
| place_of_death = [[East Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, CA]]
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[Comedian]]
| spouse = Anne Battler
| parents =
| children = Patty Costello<br> Carole Costello<br> Lou Costello Jr.<br> Chris Costello
}}
'''Lou Costello''', born '''Louis Francis Cristillo''', [[March 6]], [[1906]] - [[March 3]], [[1959]]), was an American [[actor]] and [[comedian]] best known as half of the comedy team of [[Abbott and Costello]], with [[Bud Abbott]].
In [[Greek mythology]], '''Typhon''' ([[ancient Greek]]: {{polytonic|Τυφῶν}}), also '''Typhoeus''' ({{polytonic|Τυφωεύς}}), '''Typhaon''' ({{polytonic|Τυφάων}}) or '''Typhus''' ({{polytonic|Τυφώς}}) is the final son of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], with [[Tartarus]]; Typhon attempts to replace Zeus as the king of gods and men. [[Hesiod]] narrates his birth:
==Early years==
Lou Costello was born Louis Francis Cristillo in [[Paterson, New Jersey]] to an [[Italian people|Italian]] father and a mother of French and Irish descent.<ref> http://www.louandbud.com/Lou.htm, accessed January 30, 2007</ref> The family was [[Catholic]]. A gifted athlete, he excelled in basketball and reportedly was once the New Jersey State Foul Shot champion. He also fought as a boxer under the name "Lou King."<ref>Costello, Chris: "Lou's on First", page 7. St. Martin's Press, 1981</ref>
:''But when Zeus had driven the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]] from heaven,
In 1927 he went to Hollywood to become an actor, but could only find work as a laborer or extra at [[MGM]] and [[Warner Brothers]]. His athletic skill led him to occasional work as a stunt man, notably in ''The Trail of '98,'' (1927). He can also be spotted sitting ringside in the [[Laurel and Hardy]] film ''[[The Battle of the Century]]'' (1927).
:''mother Earth bare her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of
:''Tartarus, by the aid of golden [[Aphrodite]].'' —Hesiod, ''[[Theogony]]'' 820-822.
In the alternative account of the origin of Typhaon, the [[Homeric Hymn]] to [[Apollo]] makes the monster Typhaon at [[Delphi]] a son of archaic [[Hera]] in her [[Eteocretan language|Minoan form]], produced out of herself, like a monstrous version of [[Hephaestus]], and whelped in a cave in [[Cilicia]] and confined there in the enigmatic land of the Arimi— ''en Arimois'' (''[[Iliad]]'', ii. 781-783). It was in Cilicia that Zeus battled with the ancient monster and overcame him, in a more complicated story: It was not an easy battle, and Typhon temporarily overcame Zeus, cut the "sinews" from him and left him in the "leather sack", the ''korukos'' that is the etymological origin of the ''korukion atron'', the Korykian or [[Corycian Cave]] in which Zeus suffers temporary eclipse as if in the Land of the Dead. The region of Cilicia in southeastern [[Anatolia]] had many opportunities for coastal Hellenes' connection with the [[Hittites]] to the north. From the first reappearance of the Hittite myth of [[Illuyankas]], it has been seen as a prototype of the battle of Zeus and Typhon.<ref>W. Porzig, "Illuyankas und Typhon", ''Kleinasiatische Forschung'' I.3 (1930) pp 379-86.</ref> [[Walter Burkert]] and [[Calvert Watkins]] each note the close agreements. Watkins' ''How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics'' (Oxford University Press) 1995, reconstructs in disciplined detail the flexible [[Indo-European]] poetic formula that underlies myth, epic and magical charm texts of the lashing and binding of Typhon.
The inveterate enemy of the [[Twelve Olympians|Olympian gods]] is described in detail by Hesiod<ref>''[[Theogony]]'' 820-868</ref> as a vast grisly monster with a [[Multi-headed animal|hundred snakelike heads]] "with dark flickering tongues" flashing fire from their eyes and a din of voices and a hundred [[Serpent (symbolism)|serpents]] issuing from his thighs, a feature shared by many primal monsters of Greek myth that extend in serpentine or scaly coils from the waist down. The titanic struggle created earthquakes and [[tsunami]]s.<ref>"The whole earth seethed, and sky and sea: and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about, at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking." (Hesiod, ''Theogony'').</ref> Once conquered by [[Zeus]]' thunderbolts, Typhon was cast into Tartarus, the common destiny of many such archaic adversaries, or he was confined beneath [[Mount Aetna]] ([[Pindar]], ''Pythian Ode'' 1.19 - 20; [[Aeschylus]], ''Prometheus Bound'' 370). where "his bed scratches and goads the whole length of his back stretched out against it," or in other [[Volcano|volcanic]] regions, where he is the cause of eruptions.
Typhon is thus the [[chthonic]] figuration of volcanic forces, as Hephaestus (Roman [[Vulcan (god)|Vulcan]]) is their "civilized" Olympian manifestation. Amongst his children by [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]] are [[Cerberus]], the serpent-like [[Lernaean Hydra]], the [[Chimera (creature)|Chimera]], the hundred-headed dragon [[Dragons in Greek mythology|Ladon]], the half-woman half-lion [[Sphinx]], the two-headed wolf [[Orthus]], [[Ethon]] the eagle who tormented [[Prometheus]], and the [[Nemean Lion]].
Typhon is also the father of hot dangerous [[anemoi|storm winds]] which issue forth from the stormy pit of Tartarus, according to Hesiod.
His name is apparently derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "typhein", to smoke, hence it is considered to be a possible [[etymology]] for the word ''[[typhoon]],'' supposedly borrowed by the [[Persians]] (as طوفان ''Tufân'') and [[Arab]]s to describe the [[Cyclone|cyclonic storms]] of the [[Indian Ocean]]. The Greeks also frequently represented him as a storm-daemon, especially in the version where he stole Zeus's thunderbolts and wrecked the earth with storms (cf. Hesiod, Theogony; Nonnus, Dionysiaca).
==Radio and Hollywood==
Abbott and Costello signed up with the William Morris Agency, which sought to enlarge their stature by putting them on the radio.
Since [[Herodotus]], Typhon has been identified with the Egyptian [[Set (mythology)|Set]] ([[interpretatio Graeca]]). In the [[Orphic]] tradition, Typhon leads the Titans when they attack and kill [[Dionysus]], just as [[Set (mythology)|Set]] is responsible for the murder of [[Osiris]]. Furthermore, the slaying of Typhon by Zeus is analogous to the killing of [[Vritra]] by [[Indra]] (also a lightning deity), and two stories likely are ultimately derived from a common Indo-European myth.
In [[1938]] they received national exposure for the first time by becoming featured performers on "The [[Kate Smith]] Hour," a popular variety show. They were hugely successful, and that ultimately led to their appearance in a Broadway play and signing with [[Universal Studios]] in 1940.
==In popular culture==
They filled supporting roles in their first film, ''[[One Night in the Tropics]]'' ([[1940]]), but stole the film with their classic routines, including a much shortened version of "[[Who's On First?]]". The duo became famous for that routine, in which Abbott enumerated the names of a mythical baseball team, with names like "What" and Who," confounding Costello. They were, among other things, recognized by, but not made members of, the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]].)<ref> http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/faq.htm, accessed January 30, 2007. </ref>
{{Trivia|date=June 2007}}
*Typhon is the two-headed tyrant of Urth in [[Gene Wolfe]]'s ''[[Book of the New Sun]]''—who built the [[generation ship]] ''Whorl'' in ''[[Book of the Long Sun]]'' and is referred to there as Pas.
The team's breakout picture, however, was ''[[Buck Privates]]'' which was released early in 1941. They immediately became the top-ranking comedy stars in Hollywood and fans looked forward to each of their pictures as a major event. Costello's child-like demeanor was strictly acting, and he aggressively battled with the more easy-going Abbott as well as the studio. Universal upped the duo's salary, but refused Costello's demand to reverse
*Typhon is the main "villain" in the mythology-based computer action-[[RPG]] ''[[Titan Quest]]''.
the billing, saying that it had hired Abbott and Costello, not Costello and Abbott. Most movie-goers had never seen the duo's [[burlesque]] routines, and so their dated but hilarious material seemed fresh. Many of their films cast them as bumbling servicemen such as ''[[In The Navy]]'' and ''[[Keep 'Em Flying]].'' An amusing footnote to this is that the Japanese military showed these films to Japanese soldiers to demonstrate how inept American soldiers were.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
*In the [[Playstation]] game '[['Final Fantasy VII]]'', Typhon is the name of an optional summon. Portrayed as a purple creature with a head at each end. Typhon unleashes a strong breath that creates a whirlwind causing wind damage to all enemies.
*In the [[Playstation 2]] game ''[[God of War II]]'', Typhon is portrayed as a wind-blowing [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]], immobile in a cave-like lair, on an island. The main character, [[Kratos]], makes his way up to Typhon's eye, and attacks it, ultimately pulling out its magic, a bow-and-arrow-like weapon, called Typhon's Bane.
== Stardom ==
*In ''[[Hercules: The Legendary Journeys]]'', Typhon, played by [[Glenn Shadix]], is Echidna's doting husband and is a cheerful giant. He was trapped in stone until Hercules freed him.
The duo made 36 films between 1940 and 1956, and were among the most popular and highest-paid entertainers in the world during World War II. Among their most popular films are ''[[Buck Privates]]'', ''[[Hold That Ghost]]'', ''[[Who Done It?]]'', ''[[Pardon My Sarong]]'', ''[[The Time of Their Lives]]'', ''[[Buck Privates Come Home]]'', ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein]]'' and ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man]]''.
*Typhon is the name of a song by the metal band [[Therion]]
*Typhon is the name of a line of locomotive horns manufactured by the Leslie Company, formerly of Parsippany, NJ.
The team also appeared on radio throughout the 1940s. On October 8, 1942 the team launched their own weekly show on NBC sponsored by Camel cigarettes. They moved to [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (the former NBC Blue Network) from 1947-49.
*Typhon is the name of a character who seems to be a demon in Dean Koontz's book "The Face."
*Typhon is the name of a character from warhammer 40,000 before the Horus Heresy. After which the Choas god Nurgle renamed him Typhus and gifted him the Destroyer Plague, an infestation of insect that pour from inside of him blotting out the sun and getting in Typhus's enemies.
In [[1951]], the twosome became one of the rotating hosts of ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]'' ([[Eddie Cantor]] and [[Bob Hope]] were among the others) and then, the following year, inaugurated their own situation comedy, ''[[The Abbott and Costello Show.]]'' Costello owned the half-hour series, with Abbott working on salary. The show, which was loosely adapted from their radio program, ran two seasons, from [[1952]] to [[1954]], but found a new life in syndicated rerun broadcast.
==Death of son==
In 1942, Costello had an attack of [[rheumatic fever]] and was unable to work for a year. A tragic event shadowed his comeback. On November 04, 1943, the day Costello returned to the team's popular radio show, his infant son, Lou Jr. (nicknamed Butch) accidentally drowned in the family pool. The baby was only a few days short of his first birthday. Lou had asked his wife to keep Butch up that night so the boy could hear his Dad on the radio for the first time. Rather than cancel the broadcast, Lou said, "Wherever he is tonight, I want him to hear me," and went on with the show. No one in the audience knew of the tragedy until after the show when Bud Abbott explained the events of the day, and how the phrase "The show must go on" had been epitomized by Lou that night. People who knew Lou Costello said that he never recovered from the loss of his son.
==Split up==
Abbott and Costello split up in July of [[1957]], after troubles with the [[Internal Revenue Service]] that forced both men to sell off their large homes and the rights to some of their films.
==Death==
[[image:Loucostellograve.JPG|thumb|The crypt of Lou Costello.]]
After making one unsuccessful solo film, ''[[The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock]]'', Lou Costello died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on March 03, 1959 (three days before his 53rd birthday). He was interred in the [[Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles|Calvary Cemetery]] in [[East Los Angeles, California]]. His last words were "That was the best ice-cream soda I ever tasted."<ref>http://www.corsinet.com/braincandy/dying.html</ref>
==Memorials==
On June 26th, 1992, the city of [[Paterson, New Jersey]] in conjunction with the Lou Costello Memorial Association erected a statue of Lou Costello in the newly named Lou Costello Memorial Park in the city's historic downtown section. The statue has had two brief appearances in [[Sopranos]] episodes, which aired [[February 13]], [[2000]] and [[May 21]], [[2006]]
In 2005, Madison Street, in the [[Sandy Hill section of Paterson]], where Costello was born, was renamed Lou Costello's Place.
The centennial of Costello's birth was celebrated in Paterson on the first weekend in March, 2006.
On June 24-26 the Fort Lee Film Commission of Lou Costello's native state of New Jersey held a centennial film retrospective at the Fine Arts Theatre in Hollywood - films screened included the premiere of a digital film made by the teenagers of the present day Lou Costello Jr. Recreation Center in East Los Angeles. Also premiered was the 35mm restored print of the Lou Costello produced 1948 short film "10,000 Kids and a Cop" shot at the Lou Costello Jr. Youth Center in East Los Angeles.
==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Movie !! Lou Costello Role !! Notes
|-
| [[1926 in film|1926]] || ''Bardleys The Magnificent'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1927 in film|1927]] || ''[[The Battle of the Century]]'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1927 in film|1927]] || ''The Taxi Dance'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1927 in film|1927]] || ''The Fair Co-Ed'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1928 in film|1928]] || ''Rose-Marie'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1928 in film|1928]] || ''Circus Rookies'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1928 in film|1928]] || ''The Cossacks'' || || Extra
|-
| [[1928 in film|1928]] || ''Trail of '98'' || || Stunt Double
|-
| [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[One Night in the Tropics]]'' || Costello || Film Debut of Abbott and Costello
|-
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Buck Privates]]'' || Herbie Brown ||
|-
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[In The Navy (film)|In the Navy]]'' || Pomeroy Watson ||
|-
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Hold That Ghost]]'' || Ferdinand Jones ||
|-
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Keep 'Em Flying]]'' || Heathcliffe ||
|-
| [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Ride 'Em Cowboy]]'' || Willoughby ||
|-
| [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Rio Rita (1942 film)|Rio Rita]]'' || Wishy Dunn ||
|-
| [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Pardon My Sarong]]'' || Wellington Phlug ||
|-
| [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Who Done It? (film)|Who Done It?]]'' || Mervyn Milgrim ||
|-
| [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[It Ain't Hay]]'' || Wilbur Hoolihan ||
|-
| [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[Hit the Ice (film)|Hit The Ice]]'' || Tubby McCoy ||
|-
| [[1944 in film|1944]] || ''[[In Society]]'' || Albert Mansfield ||
|-
| [[1944 in film|1944]] || ''[[Lost in a Harem]]'' || Harvey Garvey ||
|-
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Here Come The Co-Eds]]'' || Oliver Quackenbush ||
|-
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[The Naughty Nineties]]'' || Sebastian Dinwiddie||
|-
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello in Hollywood]]'' || Abercrombie ||
|-
| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[Little Giant]]'' || Benny Miller ||
|-
| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[The Time of Their Lives]]'' || Horatio Prim ||
|-
| [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[Buck Privates Come Home]]'' || Herbie Brown || Sequel to [[Buck Privates]]
|-
| [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap]]'' || Chester Wooley ||
|-
| [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[The Noose Hangs High]]'' || Tommy Hinchcliffe ||
|-
| [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein]]'' || Wilbur Gray ||
|-
| [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Mexican Hayride]]'' || Joe Bascom/Humphrey Fish ||
|-
| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Africa Screams]]'' || Stanley Livington ||
|-
| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff]]'' || Freddie Phillips ||
|-
| [[1950 in film|1950]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion]]'' || Lou Hotchkiss ||
|-
| [[1951 in film|1951]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man]]'' || Lou Francis ||
|-
| [[1951 in film|1951]] || ''[[Comin' Round The Mountain]]'' || Wilbert ||
|-
| [[1952 in film|1952]] || ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)|Jack and the Beanstalk]]'' || Jack ||
|-
| [[1952 in film|1952]] || ''[[Lost in Alaska]]'' || George Bell ||
|-
| [[1952 in film|1952]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd]]'' || Oliver "Puddin' Head" Johnson ||
|-
| [[1953 in film|1953]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Go to Mars]]'' || Orville ||
|-
| [[1953 in film|1953]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' || Tubby ||
|-
| [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops]]'' || Willie Piper ||
|-
| [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy]]'' || Freddie Franklin ||
|-
| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Dance With Me Henry]]'' ||Lou Henry ||
|-
| [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock]]'' || Artie Pinsetter ||
|-
| [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[The World of Abbott and Costello]]'' || - || Compilation Film
|}
==Notes==
<!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php -->
*Despite the common spelling of their public names, Lou Costello was no relation to Italian-American mobster [[Frank Costello]], whose birth surname was Castiglia.
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<references />
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==References==
*[[Walter Burkert]], ''Greek Religion'' 1985
<references/>
*[[Robert Graves]], ''The Greek Myths'', (1955) 1960, §36.1-3
*[[Karl Kerenyi]], ''The Gods of the Greeks'' 1951
*[[Calvert Watkins]], ''How to Kill a Dragon'' 1995, 448-459
==External links==
* [http://www.theoi.com/Gigante/Typhoeus.html Typhoeus at Theoi]compiled sources of myth in classical literature
*{{imdb name|id=0182579|name=Lou Costello}}
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[[Category:Italian-American actors|Costello, Lou]]
[[Category:New Jersey actors|Costello, Lou]]
[[Category:Vaudeville performers|Costello, Lou]]
[[Category:1906 births|Costello, Lou]]
[[Category:1959 deaths|Costello, Lou]]
[[Category:Deaths by myocardial infarction|Costello, Lou]]
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