Ecosystem and Talk:1941 Odessa massacre: Difference between pages

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{{WikiProject Russian History}}

An '''shmeecosystem''', a contraction of "[[ecology|ecological]]" and "[[system]]", refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and govern the behavior of, some defined subset of the [[biosphere]]. The term is generally understood to refer to all [[biotic]] and [[abiotic]] components, and their interactions with each other, in some defined area, with no conceptual restrictions on how large or small that area can be. To many, ecosystems, like any other system, are governed by the rules of [[systems science]] and [[cybernetics]], as applied specifically to collections of organisms and relevant abiotic components. To others, ecosystems are primarily governed by stochastic events, the reactions they provoke on non-living materials and the corresponding responses by organisms.

==message==

To the original author of this article: It is a sad fact that Wikipedia articles don't quote their sources, especially when they deal with controversial political events. It goes without saying that the Romanians who will read this article will be skeptical about it and will doubt of its truth. (Many people in Romania consider Antonescu as a national hero and are reluctant to admit any Romanian responsibility for the Holocaust). I am ready to admit that they are not guilty for this, they just lack knowledge.

This article says "General Ion Antonescu ordered from Bucharest that for every killed Romanian and German officer, 200 Jews and Communists were to be killed, and for every soldier, 100 were to be executed. All the Communists were to be imprisoned and one person was to be taken hostage from every Jewish family".

==Overview==

In general terms an ecological system can be thought of as an assemblage of [[organism]]s (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a '''biotic community''' or '''[[biocoenosis]]''') living together with their [[natural environment|environment]] (or '''[[biotope]]'''), functioning as a loose unit. That is, a dynamic and complex whole, interacting as an "ecological unit."

My question is: if this is a historically undisputable fact, why is not the order issued by Antonescu scanned and put on the internet, so that no one should doubt about the atrocities ordered by Antonescu? I think that there is such an order, written on a piece of paper which was preserved after the fall of Antonescu regime and was probably used at his trial against him. If it could be made available to any person interested, then it would be impossible for any person with a minimal moral conscience to consider Antonescu as a positive hero.

Ecosystems have become particularly important politically, since the Convention on Biological Diversity - ratified by more than 175 countries - defines "the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings" as one of the binding commitments of the ratifying countries. This has created the political necessity to spatially identify ecosystems and somehow distinguish among them. The CBD defines an "ecosystem" as a "dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit".

So:

For this purpose, ecosystems can be characterized and mapped as physiognomic ecological units, originally developed for vegetation classification (Vreugdenhil et al 2003). Each vegetation structure reflects ecological conditions. Each ecosystem thus defined, hosts assemblages of species with survival strategies that can survive under its conditions. This is not only true for plant species, but for all species, flora, fauna and fungi alike, as each species responds to the characteristic ecological conditions of each ___location. This principle allows us to map ecosystems using the UNESCO physiognomic ecological classification system, the Land Cover Classification Systems (LCCS) developed by the FAO and the United States National Vegetation Classification system (USNVC). The size and scale of an ecosystem can vary widely. It may be a whole [[forest]], a community of bacteria and algae in a drop of water, or even the geobiosphere itself. As most of these borders are not rigid, ecosystems tend to blend into each other. As a result, the whole [[earth]] can be seen as a single ecosystem, while a lake can be divided into several ecosystems, depending on the scale used.

(1) is there such a document written/signed by Antonescu?

(2) can it be scanned and made available online?

And - obviously - if there is not such a document, what is the evidence for the claim made in the Wikipedia article? laurian {{unsigned|84.109.154.227}}

Early conceptions of this unit showed a structured functional unit in equilibrium of [[energy]] and [[matter]] flows between its constituent elements. Others considered this vision limited, and preferred to understand an ecosystem in terms of [[cybernetics]]. From this point of view an ecological system is a functional dynamic organization, or what was also called ''steady state.'' Steady state is understood as the phase of an ecological system's evolution when the [[organism]]s are "balanced" with each other and their environment. This balance would is achieved or "regulated" through various types of interactions, such as [[predation]], [[parasite|parasitism]], [[mutualism]], [[commensalism]], [[Competition#Competition in Biology and Ecology|competition]], and [[amensalism]]. Introduction of new elements, whether abiotic or biotic, into an ecosystem tend to have a disruptive effect. In some cases, this can lead to [[ecological collapse]] and the death of many native species. The branch of ecology that gave rise to this view has become known as [[systems ecology]]. Under this deterministic vision, the abstract notion of [[ecological health]] attempts to measure the robustness and recovery capacity for an ecosystem; that is, how far the ecosystem is away from steady state.

== restoring traditional title ==

Other population ecologists, stochastists, (den Boer & Reddingius, 1996), view an ecosystem as an expression of stochastic events, and corresponding responses from organisms. Thus, ecosystems result from the sums of infinite individual responses of organisms to stimuli from non-living and living elements in the environment. The presence or absence of populations merely depends on reproductive and dispersal success and population levels fluctuate in response to stochastic (chance) events. As the number of species in an ecosystem is higher, the number of stimuli is also higher. Mathematically it can be demonstrated that greater numbers of different interacting factors, tend to dampen fluctuations in each of the individual factors. In this vision, ecosystems are not regulated and there is no balance of nature. Stochastists do recognise that certain intrinsic regulating mechanisms occur in nature. In their vision they regulate population levels, most notably through territorial behaviour. Andrewatha and Birch (1954), suggest that territorial behaviour tends to keep populations at levels where food supply is not a limiting factor. Hence, stochastists see territorial behaviour as a regulatory mechanism at the species level but not at the ecosystem level.

Please do not move articles to controversial names without consensus. I did not see a discussion regarding the move to [[Odessa Holocaust]], therefore I am restoring the long-standing name. If there are going to be other articles named [[Odessa massacre]], then we could discuss [[WP:DISAMBIG]]. Perhaps [[Odessa massacre (Holocaust)]] or some such would be appropriate, but I dislike parentheses in titles. ←[[User:Humus sapiens|Humus sapiens]] ^{[[User talk:Humus sapiens|ну]][[Special:Contributions/Humus_sapiens|?]]} 03:27, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

==History==

The term ecosystem first appeared in a 1935 publication by the British ecologist [[Arthur Tansley]] (1935). However, the term had been coined already in 1930 by Tansley's colleague [[Roy Clapham]], who was asked if he could think of a suitable word to denote the physical and biological components of an environment as a single unit. Tansley expanded on the term in his later work, adding the [[ecotope]] concept to define the spatial context of ecosystems (Tansley, 1939). Modern usage of the term derives from the work done by [[Raymond Lindeman]] in his classic study of a Minnesota lake (Lindeman, 1942). Lindeman's central concepts were that of ''functional organisation'' and ''ecological energy efficiency'' ratios. This approach is connected to [[ecological energetics]] and might also be thought of as environmental rationalism. It was subsequently applied by [[Howard T. Odum|H.T.Odum]], sometimes called the 'father' of ecosystems ecology, in founding the transdiscipline known as [[systems ecology]].

==Odessa Holocaust==

==Hotspots==

Ecosystem "[[hotspots]]" are ecosystems and the [[species]] they support that are considered at risk or [[endangered]].

Hi! There is nothing too wrong in titling [[Odessa massacre]], but the very name of event historically is reffered to the masssacre that occured in [[Odessa]] in 1905 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Potemkin#Arrival_in_Odessa]. So, it could be more correct to call the extermination of Jews traditionaly a Holocaust to avoid any misunderstanding of the title. Truly, [[User:Paganel|Paganel]] 18:14, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

===Canada===

*Atlantic [[coastal plain]] flora: Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF)

*[[Carolinian forest]]

*[[Tall grass prairie]]

*South Okanagan’s [[antelope-brush]] ecosystem

*Coastal [[Douglas fir]] forest

*[[Eelgrass]] meadow

''(Source: [http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/so06/indepth/nature_sidebar.asp Canadian Geographic Online])''

: As in other similar cases in WP, I think it would be proper to reserve the title [[Odessa massacre]] for the most famous/infamous one and have [[WP:REDIRECT]]s and [[WP:DISAMBIGUATION]]s for other tragedies that scholarly sources may refer to as "Odessa massacre". Perhaps the best name for this one would be [[Odessa massacre (Holocaust)]] or [[Odessa massacre (1941)]]. In general, [[The Holocaust]] (Ha-Shoah) is a common name for the [[genocide]] of European Jews, therefore I don't think [[Odessa Holocaust]] is an encyclopedic title. Right now it is a redirect to [[Odessa massacre]]. Thanks. ←[[User:Humus sapiens|Humus sapiens]] ^{[[User talk:Humus sapiens|ну]][[Special:Contributions/Humus_sapiens|?]]} 20:53, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

==See also==

*[[Biodiversity Action Plan]]

*[[Ecological Economics]]

*[[Biogeochemical cycle]]

*[[Biome]]

*[[Biosphere]]

*[[Biosphere 2]]

*[[Ecological yield]]

*[[Ecoregion]]

*[[Ecosystem ecology]]

*[[Edge effect]]

*[[Eugene Odum]]

*[[Food chain]]

*[[Invasive species]]

*[[Landscape ecology]]

*[[Overfishing]]

*[[Systems ecology]]

*[[Trophic level]]

:: Right You are. But it can be called Holocaust in Odessa, like [[Holocaust in Poland]], [[Holocaust in Romania]], [[Holocaust in Estonia]]. But the word Holocaust must be present, firstly, to avoid double meaning (The Odessa Massacre of 1905). And it really was a Holocaust and not an abstract massacre! So, the "Odessa massacre (Holocaust)", proposed by You, or "Odessa Holocaust Massacre" or, as it was, "Odessa Holocaust" or "Holocaust in Odessa" would be a nice title for the redirection, because this word must be present. What is your opinion? Very often I pass along the mass graves of it, and I know that a massacre is something caotic, but in Odessa it was not like this, it was a very well organized process of extermination. Truly, [[User:Paganel|Paganel]] 22:14, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

===Types of ecosystems===

* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]

* [[Arctic Tundra]]

* [[Boreal Forest]]

* [[Urban ecosystem]]

::: Let's continue the discussion here. I am copying the above from our talk pages over here and requesting more opinions from [[Talk:The Holocaust]]''. ←[[User:Humus sapiens|Humus sapiens]] ^{[[User talk:Humus sapiens|ну]][[Special:Contributions/Humus_sapiens|?]]} 22:37, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

===Definitions outside [[ecology]]===

*[[Anthroposystem]]

*[[Corporate Ecosystem]]

*[[Media ecosystem]]

==References==

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<div class="references-small">

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*Andrewartha, H. G., and L. C. Birch. 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

* Boer, P. J. den, and J. Reddingius. 1996. Regulation and stabilization paradigms in population ecology. Population and Community Biology Series 16. Chapman and Hall, New York. 397 pg.

*Lindeman, R. L. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. ''Ecology'' '''23''': 399-418.

*Patten, B.C. 1959. An Introduction to the Cybernetics of the Ecosystem: The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect. ''Ecology'' 40, no. 2.: 221-231.

*Tansley, A. G. 1935. The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. ''Ecology'' '''16''': 284-307.

*Tansley, A.G. 1939. The British Islands and their Vegetation. Volume 1 of 2. University Press, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 484 pg.

*Vreugdenhil, D., Terborgh, J., Cleef, A.M., Sinitsyn, M., Boere, G.C., Archaga, V.L., Prins, H.H.T., 2003, Comprehensive Protected Areas System Composition and Monitoring, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 106 pg.

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==External links==

* [http://www.ericdigests.org/2004-1/ecosystems.htm Teaching about Ecosystems]

* [http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx Millennium Ecosystem Assessment] (2005)

* [http://www.greenfacts.org/ecosystems/index.htm A popularized version of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment] by [[GreenFacts]].

* [http://www.beringclimate.noaa.gov Bering Sea Climate and Ecosystem - current status]

* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/detect/ Arctic Climate and Ecosystem: current status]

* [http://www.heinzctr.org/ecosystems The State of the Nation's Ecosystems]

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