Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Transformers (film): Difference between pages

Revision as of 00:21, 26 March 2006

Revision as of 14:13, 19 July 2007

Line 1:

{{otheruses4|the 2007 live action film|the 1986 animated film|The Transformers: The Movie}}

{{Canadian Charter}}

{{Infobox Film

[[Image:Charter.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The ''Charter'', signed by [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Pierre Trudeau]] in 1981.]]

| name = Transformers

The '''''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms''''' is a constitutionally entrenched [[bill of rights]] which forms the first part of the ''[[Constitution Act, 1982]]'', added to the [[Constitution of Canada]] in [[1982]]. Its purpose is to protect certain political and civil rights of people in [[Canada]] from actions and policies of all levels of government.

| image = Transformers07.jpg

| caption = International poster

| director = [[Michael Bay]]

| writer = [[Roberto Orci]]<br>[[Alex Kurtzman]]<br>[[John Rogers (writer)|John Rogers]]

| producer = [[Steven Spielberg]]<br>[[Tom DeSanto]]<br>[[Don Murphy]]

| starring = [[Shia LaBeouf]]<br>[[Megan Fox]]<br>[[Josh Duhamel]]<br>[[Tyrese Gibson]]<br>[[Jon Voight]]<br>'''Voices:'''<br>[[Peter Cullen]]<br>[[Hugo Weaving]]

| music = [[Steve Jablonsky]]

| cinematography = Mitch Amundsen

| distributor = [[DreamWorks Pictures]]<br>[[Paramount Pictures]]<br>[[United International Pictures|UIP]]

| released ={{flagicon|Australia}} {{flagicon|New Zealand}} {{flagicon|Philippines}}[[June 28]], [[2007]]<br />{{flagicon|United States}} [[July 2]], [[2007]]<br />{{flagicon|UK}} [[July 27]], [[2007]]<br /> <!-- Only English language releases -->

| runtime = 144 min

| country = {{USA}}

| language = [[English language|English]]

| budget = $147 million<ref name="budget">{{cite news | first= Robert |last=Sanchez | title = Interview: Ian Bryce and Lorenzo di Bonaventura on Transformers and More! | publisher = IESB | date = [[2007-06-18]] | url = http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2724&Itemid=99 | accessdate=2007-06-19}}</ref>

| followed_by =

| website = http://www.transformersmovie.com/

| amg_id = 1:322407

| imdb_id = 0418279

}}

'''''Transformers''''' is a [[2007 in film|2007]] [[live action]] [[film]] based on the [[Transformers (fiction)|Transformers]] [[Transformers (toyline)|franchise]], directed by [[Michael Bay]] and [[executive producer|executive produced]] by [[Steven Spielberg]]. It stars [[Shia LaBeouf]] as Sam Witwicky, who has the map to the [[Allspark]], the center of the war between the heroic [[Autobot]]s and the evil [[Decepticon]]s. The film also stars [[Megan Fox]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Jon Voight]], [[John Turturro]], and [[Hugo Weaving]] as the voice of [[Megatron]]. [[Peter Cullen]], the voice of [[Optimus Prime]] in the [[The Transformers (TV series)|1980s cartoon]], reprised the role for the film.

An earlier bill of rights, the ''[[Canadian Bill of Rights]]'' (1960), introduced by the [[John Diefenbaker|Diefenbaker]] government, was not constitutionally entrenched and thus had a far more limited scope and was easily amendable. Desires to improve upon this rights protection, the general [[human rights]] and [[freedom]]s movement that grew after [[World War II]] and was enunciated in the ''[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]'',<ref>Peter W. Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada''. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, page 689.</ref> and intentions to unify Canadians around a certain set of [[principle]]s, led to the ''Charter'' being enacted by the government of [[Pierre Trudeau]].

Producers [[Don Murphy]] and [[Tom DeSanto]] developed the film, and [[Roberto Orci]] and [[Alex Kurtzman]] wrote the script, aiming for a realistic interpretation of the characters. Though not a fan, Bay was convinced by Spielberg to direct, and he created an intricate design aesthetic for the [[computer-generated]] Transformers. Bay had support from [[General Motors]] and the [[United States military]] during filming, keeping the budget under $150 million. Armed with an enormous marketing campaign including comics, toys and tie-in deals, ''Transformers'' opened in the [[United States]] on [[July 2]] [[2007]], and broke the box office record for the highest-grossing opening week for a non-sequel. Critics praised the special effects, but found the characterization lacking.

One of the most notable effects of the adoption of the ''Charter'' was to greatly expand the scope of [[judicial review]], as the ''Charter'' makes its guarantees and its expectations on the role of judges in carrying them out more explicit than had the ''Bill of Rights''. The [[Court system of Canada|courts]], when confronted with violations of ''Charter'' rights, have carried on their practices from earlier times when Canadian case law was primarily concerned with resolving issues of [[Canadian federalism]], namely striking down unconstitutional [[statute]]s or parts of statutes. However, courts also have new powers to enforce more creative remedies and exclude more evidence in trials than was typical under the [[common law]] and under a system of government that, being influenced by Canada's mother country the [[United Kingdom]], emphasized [[Parliamentary supremacy]]. The result was that the ''Charter'' would inspire both passionate support and fierce opposition among Canadians.

==Plot==

==Features of the ''Charter''==

<!-- Per Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information, Wikipedia:WikiProject Films/Style guidelines and Wikipedia:Non-free content, please keep plot summaries short and to the point, under 700 words. Thank you.-->

Under the ''Charter'', all people in Canada enjoy certain '''fundamental freedoms''' (under [[Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|section 2]]), namely [[freedom of religion]], [[freedom of thought]], [[freedom of speech|freedom of expression]] and [[freedom of the press]], [[freedom of assembly|peaceful assembly]], and [[freedom of association]]. Canadian citizens (and in some cases, permanent residents and other people in Canada, including corporations) also enjoy the following rights:

The film begins with the history of [[Cybertron|Cybertron's]] destruction at the hands of [[Megatron]], and his quest to obtain the [[Allspark]]. Megatron discovers the Allspark on [[Earth]], but crash-lands in the [[Arctic Circle]], becoming frozen in the ice. [[Witwicky family#Captain Archibald|Captain Archibald Witwicky]] and his crew of explorers stumble upon Megatron's body in 1897. Megatron's navigational system is unintentionally activated, and Archibald's eye glasses are imprinted with the coordinates to the Allspark's ___location. Sector 7, a secret organization of the United States government, discovers the Allspark and builds the [[Hoover Dam]] around it to mask the energy signal. The still-frozen Megatron is moved into this facility, and is [[Reverse engineering|reverse engineered]] to further advance human technology.

: '''democratic rights''': generally, the right to participate in political activities and to a democratic form of government:

::[[Section Three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 3:]] the right to vote and to eligibility to serve as member of a legislature.

::[[Section Four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 4:]] a maximum duration of legislatures is set at five years.

::[[Section Five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 5:]] an annual sitting of legislatures is required as a minimum.

: '''mobility rights''' ([[Section Six of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|section 6]]): the right to enter and leave Canada, and to move to and take up residence in any province, or to reside outside Canada.

: '''legal rights''': rights of people in dealing with the justice system and law enforcement, namely:

::[[Section Seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 7:]] life, liberty, and security of the person.

::[[Section Eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 8:]] freedom from unreasonable search and seizure.

::[[Section Nine of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 9:]] freedom from arbitrary detention.

::[[Section Ten of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 10:]] rights on arrest or detention, including the right to retain a lawyer and to be informed of that right.

::[[Section Eleven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 11:]] rights in criminal and penal matters such as the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.

::[[Section Twelve of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 12:]] freedom from cruel and unusual punishment.

::[[Section Thirteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 13:]] rights not to incriminate oneself.

::[[Section Fourteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 14:]] rights to an interpreter in a court proceeding .

: '''equality rights''' ([[Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|section 15]]): equal treatment before and under the law, and equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination.

: '''language rights''': generally, the right to use either the English or French languages in communications with Canada's federal government and certain provincial governments. Specifically, the language laws enshrined in the Charter include:

::[[Section Sixteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 16:]] English and French as official languages of Canada and New Brunswick.

::[[Section Sixteen One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 16.1:]] English New Brunswick and French New Brunswick are equal.

::[[Section Seventeen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 17:]] The right to use either official language in Parliament or the New Brunswick legislature.

::[[Section Eighteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 18:]] The statutes and proceedings of Parliament and the New Brunswick legislature are to be printed in both official languages

::[[Section Nineteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 19:]] Both official languages may be used in federal and New Brunswick courts.

::[[Section Twenty of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 20:]] The right to communicate with and be served by the federal and New Brunswick governments in either official language.

::[[Section Twenty-one of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 21:]] Existing constitutional language rights regarding English and French are sustained.

::[[Section Twenty-two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 22:]] Existing rights to use other languages are not affected by the language rights in the Charter.

: '''minority language education rights''' ([[Section Twenty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 23]]): rights for certain citizens belonging to French or English-speaking minority communities to be educated in their own language.

In the present day, the rest of the [[Decepticon]]s [[Blackout (Transformers)|Blackout]], [[Frenzy (Transformers)|Frenzy]], [[Barricade (Transformers)|Barricade]], [[Starscream]], [[Bonecrusher (Transformers)|Bonecrusher]], and [[Constructicons|Devastator]]—have already landed on Earth and assumed the disguise of Earth vehicles-except [[Scorponok]], who retains his scorpion-like alien form. Blackout and Scorponok attack a U.S. military base in [[Qatar]] in an effort to use the military database to discover the ___location of Megatron and the Allspark, but they do not succeed. A small group of survivors who survived the assault at the military base wander through the desert and are attacked by Scorponok.

These rights are generally subject to the reasonable limitations clause ([[Section One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|section 1]]) and the notwithstanding clause ([[Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|section 33]]). The so-called notwithstanding clause authorizes governments to temporarily override the rights and freedoms in sections 2 and 7-15 for up to five years, subject to renewal. It has never been invoked by the Canadian federal government, and some have speculated that its use would be politically costly. In the past, the notwithstanding clause has been invoked by the province of [[Quebec]], which has never ratified the Charter but is subject to it nonetheless. The provinces of [[Saskatchewan]] and [[Alberta]] have also invoked the notwithstanding clause, to protect back-to-work legislation and an exclusively heterosexual definition of marriage, respectively.

The Autonomous Robotic Life Form (shortened to "[[Autobot]]") known as [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]] is also on Earth, disguised as a [[Second-generation Chevrolet Camaro#1977|1977 Chevrolet Camaro]], and looking for Sam Witwicky, the descendant of Captain Archibald Witwicky. As soon as he locates Sam, the two quickly begin to bond as Bumblebee helps Sam try and [[Courtship|woo]] his crush, Mikaela Banes; Sam is unaware of the fact that Bumblebee is an alien, until he witnesses Bumblebee transform and send out a homing signal for the rest of the Autobots. After Blackout's failure, Frenzy infiltrates [[Air Force One]] to hack once again into the military database. He discovers that Sam possesses a map, imprinted on Captain Witwicky's glasses, that will lead the Decepticons to the Allspark. Frenzy and Barricade begin tracking Sam's ___location.

The limitations clause in section 1 allows governments to justify certain infringements of ''Charter'' rights and allows courts to uphold such laws.

Barricade confronts Sam, demanding Archibald's glasses. Bumblebee, who is following Sam, transforms and battles Barricade. Mikaela, who is also following Sam, is caught in the crossfire, and leaves with Sam and Bumblebee to rendezvous with the rest of the Autobots. The Autobots—[[Optimus Prime]], [[Jazz (Transformers)|Jazz]], [[Ironhide]], and [[Ratchet (Transformers)|Ratchet]]—land on Earth and take on the forms of several Earth vehicles. Sam, Mikaela, and the Autobots return to Sam's home to retrieve the glasses. Although the Autobots managed to get the glasses, agents from Sector 7 arrive to take Sam and Mikaela into custody. Bumblebee is also apprehended, against the pleas of Sam who assures the agents-to no avail-that the Autobot means them no harm.

Other sections that help understand how the Charter works in practice include:

:[[Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|The preamble:]] Identification of founding principles.

:[[Section Twenty-four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 24:]] The courts may enforce Charter rights.

:[[Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 25:]] The Charter does not derogate existing Aboriginal rights and freedoms.

:[[Section Twenty-six of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 26:]] Other rights and freedoms in Canada are not invalidated by the Charter.

:[[Section Twenty-seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 27:]] The Charter is to be interpreted in a multicultural context.

:[[Section Twenty-eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 28:]] All Charter rights are guaranteed equally to men and women.

:[[Section Twenty-nine of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 29:]] The rights of religious schools are preserved.

:[[Section Thirty of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 30:]] A clarification on the applicability of the Charter in the territories.

:[[Section Thirty-one of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 31:]] The Charter does not extend the rights of legislatures.

:[[Section Thirty-two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Section 32:]] The Charter is binding on the federal government (and the territories under its authority) and on the provincial governments; people do not have rights against other people.

:Section 34: Citation (ie., this section states that the first 34 sections of the Constitution Act, 1982 may be collectively referred to as the "''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms''").

Frenzy secretly accompanies the group to the Hoover Dam, and releases Megatron from suspended animation. Locating the Allspark, he sends out an alert to the rest of the Decepticons. Megatron escapes, and Sam convinces the Sector 7 agents to release Bumblebee so that he can get the Allspark to Optimus Prime. The Decepticons chase the Autobots, who now possess the Allspark, into a neighboring city. An ensuing battle results in casualties for both sides: Jazz is viciously ripped in half by Megatron, while Devastator and Blackout are taken down by the Autobots and the military. The battle ends with Sam killing Megatron and the Allspark when he holds the cube to Megatron's chest. Optimus Prime mourns the loss of his [[comrade]] Jazz, but expresses his gratitude to Sam and his military allies. The remains of the Decepticons are cast into the [[Laurentian Abyss]] by the U.S. Armed Forces. With no other home to go to - Cybertron having been destroyed by Megatron - the Autobots decide to stay on Earth, and Optimus sends out a signal across space in an effort to locate any other surviving Autobots, while Sam and Mikaela begin a relationship. Starscream, one of the Decepticons that survived the battle, leaves Earth.

==History==

[[Image:Dief Bill of Rights.jpg|150px|right|thumb|[[John Diefenbaker]] holds the ''[[Canadian Bill of Rights]]''.]]

Many of the rights and freedoms that are protected under the ''Charter'' have their roots in other Canadian laws and legal [[precedent]]s, sometimes known as the [[Implied Bill of Rights]]. These rights include [[freedom of speech]], ''[[habeas corpus]]'' and the [[presumption of innocence]].<ref> [http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/dept/pub/just/CSJ_page7.html "Sources of Canadian Law"], Department of Justice Canada. URL accessed on March 20, 2006. </ref> The ''[[Canadian Bill of Rights]]'', which the [[Parliament of Canada|Canadian Parliament]] enacted in 1960, compiled many of these rights, but it was only applicable to the federal government as, unlike the ''Charter'', it was not part of the Constitution of Canada. As a simple Act of Parliament rather than a constitutional amendment, the courts also interpreted it narrowly, only on the rare occation using it to find a contrary law inoperative. The ''Bill of Rights'', it should be noted, did not contain many of the rights now in the ''Charter'', such as the [[suffrage|right to vote]] or [[freedom of movement|mobility rights]] within Canada. Canada's [[official language|official bilingualism]], constitutionalized under section 16 of the Charter, was never recognized either by the ''Canadian Bill of Rights'' or the Implied Bill of Rights; it was first established by statute, the ''[[Official Languages Act (Canada)|Official Languages Act]]'', in 1969.

==Cast==

Talk of introducing a constitutional bill of rights in Canada became the subject of more serious attention in 1967, as governments were interested in reforming the Constitution in general, inspired by the one-hundredth anniversary of [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. Subsequently the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Attorney General of Canada|Attorney General]] [[Pierre Trudeau]] appointed law professor [[Barry Strayer]] to research a potential bill of rights. Strayer's essay advocated protection for language rights, methods to limit rights that later became the ''Charter'''s limitations and notwithstanding clauses, and excluding economic rights. Legal scholars such as [[Walter Tarnopolsky]] provided advice. <ref>[http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/dept/pub/jc/vol2/no2/page4.html "My Constitutional Summer of 1967", ''Reflections on the Charter''], Barry L. Strayer, Department of Justice Canada. URL accessed on March 18, 2006.</ref> In 1968 Strayer was made the Director of the Constitutional Law Division of the Privy Council Office and in 1974 became Assistant Deputy Minister of Justice. Over these years, Strayer played a role in writing the bill that was later adopted.

===Humans===

*'''[[Shia LaBeouf]]''' as '''[[Witwicky family#Spike|Sam Witwicky]]''': An offbeat seventeen-year old, Sam gets his first car, which turns out to be [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]. Sam unwittingly becomes the center of the [[Autobot]]-[[Decepticon]] war, and becomes the unlikely savior of humanity.

*'''[[Megan Fox]]''' as '''Mikaela Banes''': A girl whom Sam is interested in and woos with the help of [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]. Her father was a "[[grease monkey]]" and she has inherited some of his skills.

*'''[[Josh Duhamel]]''' as '''[[Cpt]] William Lennox''': Leader of a [[U.S. Army]] Special Ops [[US Ranger]] team in [[Qatar]], who manages to escape the destruction caused by [[Blackout (Transformers)|Blackout]]. He has a wife and new-born daughter back home.

*'''[[Tyrese Gibson]]''' as '''[[TSgt]] Epps''': An [[Air Force Combat Control]]ler who teams up with Lennox to escape Blackout and [[Scorponok]].

*'''[[John Turturro]]''' as '''Simmons''': An officer in Sector 7, a secret government group that has been holding and studying the [[Allspark]] and the frozen [[Megatron]]. Simmons is leading a team tracking down the Cybertronians.

*'''[[Jon Voight]]''' as '''John Keller''': The [[United States Secretary of Defense]].

*'''[[Rachael Taylor]]''' as '''Maggie Madsen''': An expert in signal detection and decoding assisting the Department of Defense.

*'''[[Anthony Anderson]]''' as '''Glenn Whitmann''': A [[computer hacker]] and friend of Maggie, who assists in deciphering the Cybertronian language.

*'''[[Bernie Mac]]''' as '''Bobby Bolivia''': The car dealer who unknowingly sells Bumblebee (as an early model Camaro), to Sam.

*'''[[Michael O'Neill]]''' as '''Tom Banachek''': The head of Sector 7 and Simmons's boss. He brings all the major characters together at the Hoover Dam.

LaBeouf, Fox, Duhamel, Gibson and Anderson were fans of the Transformers.<ref name="history">{{cite news | title = Transformers: The Cast, The History, The Movie | publisher = Entertainment News International | date = [[2007-06-15]] | url = http://enewsi.com/news.php?catid=190&itemid=11212 | accessdate=2007-06-16}}</ref> [[Michael Bay]] hired LaBeouf as he could improvise many jokes,<ref name="bay conference"/> with a charisma that reminded Bay of the young [[Tom Hanks]].<ref name="rise"/> LaBeouf worked out five days a week for three months and gained 25 pounds of muscle to prepare for the role, but realized during shooting that his role required agility rather than strength. Fox gained 10 pounds of muscle during shooting due to the physicality of the role.<ref name="making of"/> Duhamel and Gibson spent three days in [[Recruit training|boot camp]], and Gibson also spent time with combat controller Ray Bollinger to make his dialogue sound natural.<ref name="history"/>

Meanwhile, Trudeau, who had become [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] in 1968, still very much wanted a bill of rights and negotiated the [[Victoria Charter]] in 1971, which would have achieved a constitutional bill of rights as well as the [[patriation]] of the Constitution. The Victoria Charter was not successful in either objective. Trudeau, however, would continue with his efforts to patriate the Constitution, finally suceeding in 1981-1982 with the passage of the ''[[Canada Act 1982]]'', which enacted the ''Constitution Act, 1982''.

===Autobots===

[[Image:Canada Act signing.jpg|right|thumb|350px|With [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s approval, the ''Charter'' was brought into effect in [[Ottawa]] on April 17, 1982. [[Pierre Trudeau|Trudeau]] stands front, second left to the Queen; [[Attorney General of Canada|Attorney General]] [[Jean Chrétien]] stands left to Trudeau.]]

*'''[[Peter Cullen]]''' as the voice of '''[[Optimus Prime]]''' ([[Peterbilt]] truck): The wise and powerful [[Autobot]] leader who comes to protect humanity from the evil Decepticons. He wields a cannon and a blade.

*'''[[Mark Ryan]]''' as the voice of '''[[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]''' (Second/Fifth generation [[Chevrolet Camaro]]): Bumblebee is an honest and friendly soldier who develops a friendship with Sam and Mikaela during his efforts to find the Allspark. He has difficulty speaking after his vocal processors were damaged in battle, and uses [[soundbite]]s from radio broadcasts to communicate on Earth.

*'''[[Darius McCrary]]''' as the voice of '''[[Jazz (Transformers)|Jazz]]''' (Modified [[Pontiac Solstice]]): Optimus' second-in-command, he is a small but acrobatic fighter, with [[magnet]]ic hands. He develops a fondness for human culture.

*'''[[Jess Harnell]]''' as the voice of '''[[Ironhide]]''' ([[Chevrolet Kodiak|GMC Topkick 6500]] [[pick-up truck]]): The tough, trigger-happy weapons specialist of the group, wielding enormous cannons on his arms. He is an old friend of Optimus, and constantly threatens to use deadly force on terrestrial life forms, much to Optimus' dismay.

*'''[[Robert Foxworth]]''' as the voice of '''[[Ratchet (Transformers)|Ratchet]]''' ([[Search and Rescue|Search & Rescue]] [[Hummer H2]]): The team's medic and scientist. He has enhanced senses, and has an axe and a saw.

[[Don Murphy]] decided after discussions with fans on his website that they wanted the surviving voices from the [[The Transformers (TV series)|1980s cartoon]],<ref name="toronto1"/> but [[Michael Bay]] had them audition first, as he feared their aged voices would be noticeable.<ref name="quint">{{cite news |url = http://www.aint-it-cool-news.com/display.cgi?id=23105| title = Quint sits down with Michael Bay and sees tons of TRANSFORMERS stuff!!!| publisher = Ain't It Cool News|date = [[2006-04-23]]|accessdate = 2006-07-09}}</ref> [[Peter Cullen]], the voice of [[Optimus Prime]], was announced to be reprising his role at the July 2006 [[San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref name="ignset">{{cite news | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/728/728564p1.html | title = ''Transformers'' Set Report | publisher = [[IGN]] | first= Chris |last=Carle | date = [[2006-08-27]] | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> He described reprising the role as easy as "slipping into an old pair of very comfortable shoes that you haven't worn for a while", and was grateful to the fans for wanting him back.<ref>{{cite news | first= Todd |last=Gilchrist | title = Exclusive: Peter Cullen Interview | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2007-06-08]] | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/795/795203p1.html | accessdate=2007-06-13}}</ref> His vocal performance consisted of much improvisation with Bay and bringing a sense of humor to Prime, as well as portraying his traditional heroism.<ref>{{cite news | first= Mike |last=Szymanski | title = Transformers' Prime Is Deeper | publisher = [[Sci-Fi Wire]] | date = [[2007-06-13]] | url = http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=41902 | accessdate=2007-06-13}}</ref> Paramount held a contest for fans to submit a line of dialogue for Optimus in the film, and the winning entry was "Freedom is the right of all sentient beings",<ref>{{cite news|title= Movie's Make Prime Speak Contest Winners Announced|url=http://tformers.com/Movies-Make-Prime-Speak-Contest-Winners-Announced/6763/news.html}}</ref> but this line, being the character's catchphrase, was in the script from its first draft.<ref>{{cite web | authorlink = John Rogers (writer)|first=John |last=Rogers]] | title = Hey, Libertas! | url = http://kfmonkey.blogspot.com/2007/07/hey-libertas.html | accessdate = 2007-07-10 }}</ref>

The inclusion of a charter of rights in the ''Constitution Act'' was a much debated issue during patriation. After the [[1980 Quebec referendum]], during which Trudeau had promised constitutional change, Trudeau spoke on television in October 1980 and announced his intention to constitutionalize a bill of rights that would include fundamental freedoms, democratic guarantees, freedom of movement, legal rights, [[social equality|equality]] and language rights. He did not want a notwithstanding clause. While his proposal gained popular support, provincial leaders opposed the potential limits on their powers. At a suggestion of the opposition [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]], Trudeau's government agreed to committee of [[Canadian Senate|Senators]] and MPs to further examine the bill of rights as well as the patriation plan in general. During this time, 90 hours were spent on the bill of rights alone, all filmed for television, while civil rights experts and [[interest group]]s put forward their perceptions on the ''Charter'''s flaws and omissions and how to remedy them. As Canada had a parliamentary system of government, and as judges were perceived not to have enforced rights well in the past, it was questioned whether the courts should be named as the enforcers of the ''Charter'' or whether elected politicians should be trusted instead. Eventually, however, it was decided courts would have the responsibility, as Trudeau wanted. At the urging of [[civil libertarian]]s, judges could even now exclude evidence in trials if it was acquired in breach of ''Charter'' rights in certain circumstances, something the ''Charter'' was not originally going to provide for. As the process continued, more rights were added to the ''Charter'', including equality rights for people with disabilities, more sex equality guarantees and a recognition of Canada's [[multiculturalism]]. The limitations clause was also reworded to concentrate less on the importance of parliamentary government and more on justifiability of limits in free societies; the latter logic was more in line with rights developments around the world after World War II.<ref> Lorraine Eisenstat Weinrib, "Trudeau and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: A Question of Constitutional Maturation." In ''Trudeau's Shadow: The Life and Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau.'' Edited by Andrew Cohen and JL Granatstein. Vintage Canada, 1998, pages 269-272.</ref>

Cullen also read for [[Ironhide]], another character he originally voiced, during his first audition, portraying a conversation between Optimus and Ironhide.<ref>{{cite news | title = Interview with Peter Cullen at Anime Matsuri 2007 | publisher = TFormers | date = [[2007-05-01]]| url = http://tformers.com/Interview-Peter-Cullen-Talks-Transformers/7535/news.html | accessdate = 2007-05-02}}</ref> [[Mark Ryan]] acted as a stand in for the Transformers during filming, giving actors someone to react to, both physically where appropriate and providing dialogue, and ad-libbed lines for many characters during post-production before being cast as Bumblebee.<ref>{{cite news | first= Derek |last=McGraw | title = Bumblebee Speaks! | publisher = Fanboy Planet | date = [[2007-07-04]] | url = http://www.fanboyplanet.com/interviews/mc-markryan.php | accessdate = 2007-07-04}}</ref> Bumblebee mostly communicates with his radio due to his damaged vocal processor, and the writers considered using dialogue from various [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] films, including the line "I feel the need for speed!" from ''[[Top Gun (film)|Top Gun]]''.<ref>{{cite web | first=Roberto|last=Orci| authorlink = Roberto Orci | title = Trek reference in TF's | publisher = Official site | url = http://boards.transformersmovie.com/showpost.php?p=373366&postcount=10 | date = [[2007-06-20]] | accessdate=2007-06-30}}</ref>

As the provinces still had doubts, Trudeau was forced to include the notwithstanding clause to allow governments to opt out of certain obligations under the ''Charter''. Pressure from provincial governments (which in Canada have jurisdiction over property) and from the left in the country, especially the [[New Democratic Party]], prevented Trudeau from including any rights protecting private property. Nevertheless Quebec did not ratify the ''Charter'' (or the ''Canada Act 1982''), either because it was then led by the sovereigntist ''[[Parti Québécois]]'' or because it felt excluded from the negotiations. As [[Jean Chrétien]], who was Attorney General at the time, later recounted in his memoirs, some of the Quebec representatives did provide input into the ''Charter'' because they shared some of the underlying principles.<ref>Jean Chretien, ''Straight from the Heart'', Key Porter Books Limited, 1994.</ref>

===Decepticons===

While the ''Charter'' was adopted in 1982, it was not until three years later in 1985 that the main provisions regarding equality rights (section 15) came into effect. The delay was meant to give the federal and provincial governments an opportunity to review pre-existing statutes and strike potentially unconstitutional inequalities.

*'''[[Hugo Weaving]]''' as the voice of '''[[Megatron]]''' ([[Cybertron]]ian "jet"): The brutal [[Decepticon]] leader who desires power over the [[Allspark]]. According to [[Peter Cullen]], Optimus and Megatron are brothers, akin to the story of [[Cain and Abel]].<ref>{{cite news | first= Anthony |last=Breznican | title = 'Transformers': From toy story to serious art? | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[2007-06-30]] | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-06-28-transformers-main_N.htm | accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> He crash-landed in the Arctic eons ago, and his frozen body is kept in storage by Sector 7. He wields a [[Flail (weapon)|flail]] and his arms form a cannon.

*'''[[Charlie Adler]]''' as the voice of '''[[Starscream]]''' ([[F-22 Raptor]]): Megatron's second-in-command who leads the Decepticons in his absence, and is berated for failing him repeatedly once he returns, alluding to an uneasy relationship between the two.

*'''[[Jess Harnell]]''' as the voice of '''[[Barricade (Transformers)|Barricade]]''' ([[Ford Mustang Variants#Saleen|Saleen-modified Ford Mustang]] [[police car]]): A Decepticon in disguise of a police car who locates Sam early on.

*'''[[Reno Wilson]]''' as the voice of '''[[Frenzy (Transformers)|Frenzy]]''' (GPX 2-speaker CD player, mobile phone): The smallest Decepticon, Frenzy attaches to Barricade. His main purpose is spying on humans, but he is still a ferocious fighter, shooting blades disguised as CDs from his chest.

*'''Jimmie Wood''' as the voice of '''[[Bonecrusher (Transformers)|Bonecrusher]]''' ([[Buffalo (mine protected vehicle)|Buffalo H Mine-Protected vehicle]]): He attacks Optimus Prime during the highway chase.

*'''[[Blackout (Transformers)|Blackout]]''' (an [[MH-53 Pave Low]] helicopter), '''[[Scorponok]]''' (a mechanical [[scorpion]]) and '''[[Brawl (Transformers)|Devastator]]''' (an [[M1 Abrams]] tank) do not have voice actors.

[[Hugo Weaving]], whose voice was used for facial animation tests,<ref name="bay set meeting">{{cite news | first= Heather |last=Newgen | title = Transformers Set Visit: Michael Bay | publisher = Comingsoon.net | date = [[2007-05-14]] | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/interviewsnews.php?id=20353 | accessdate=2007-06-06}}</ref> signed on to voice Megatron in March 2007.<ref name="knight">{{cite news|first=Anthony last=Breznican|title='Transformers': Good knight vs. bad|publisher=[[USA Today]]|date=[[2007-03-26]]|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-03-26-transformers_N.htm?csp=34|accessdate=2007-03-29}}</ref> TV series voice actor [[Frank Welker]] auditioned, but was rejected as his voice was too light for the beastly depiction of Megatron. Bay felt it would be wrong to ask Welker to change his classic voice.<ref name="cgi">{{cite news | first= Ethan |last=Kaye | title = C.G.I. ROBOT | publisher = [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] | date = [[2007-07-03]] | url = http://www.wizarduniverse.com/movies/transformersmovie/004974570.cfm | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> Welker voiced Megatron in the [[Transformers: The Game|video game adaptation]].

The ''Charter'' has also been amended since its enactment, as section 25 was amended in 1983 to explicitely tolerate more rights regarding [[Aboriginal land claims]] and section 16.1 was added in 1993. A proposed [[Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution|Rights of the Unborn Amendment]] in 1986-1987, which would have enshrined fetal rights, failed in the federal Parliament. Proposed constitutional amendments in 1992, the [[Charlottetown Accord]], were never passed. They would have specifically required the ''Charter'' to be interpreted in a manner respectful of Quebec's [[distinct society]], and would have added further statements to the ''[[Constitution Act, 1867]]'' regarding racial and sexual equality and collective rights, and about [[minority language]] communities. These provisions, however, were so vague that Trudeau, then out of office, feared they would actually conflict with and undermine the ''Charter'' individual rights and equality rights and their judicial review, and favour the policies of provincial governments, who were given responsibility over the linguistic minorities.<ref> Michael D. Behiels, "Who Speaks for Canada? Trudeau and the Constitutional Crisis." In ''Trudeau's Shadow: The Life and Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau.'' Edited by Andrew Cohen and JL Granatstein. Vintage Canada, 1998, page 346.</ref>

==Production==

In 2005, when [[Nunatsiavut]], an [[Inuit]] region of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], achieved self-government, it enacted a constitution which recognized the authority of the ''Charter''.<ref> [http://www.nunatsiavut.com/en/nunatsiavutgov.php "Nunatsiavut Government: Labrador Inuit Self-Government"], Nunatsiavut, Canada. URL accessed on March 17, 2006. </ref>

===Development===

{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:28em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"

| style="text-align: left;" | "I think it's going to be something the audience has never seen before. In all the years of movie-making, I don't think the image of a truck transforming into a 20-foot tall robot has ever been captured on screen. I also want to make a film that's a homage to 1980s movies and gets back to the sense of wonder that Hollywood has lost over the years. It will have those Spielberg-ian moments where you have the push-in on the wide-eyed kid and you feel like you're 10 years old even if you're 35."

|-

| style="text-align: left;" | — Tom DeSanto on why he produced the film<ref name="spielbergian">{{cite news | first=Harry|last=Knowles|authorlink = Harry Knowles | title = Tom DeSanto gets to yapping about more than meets the eye... aka TRANSFORMERS! | publisher = [[Ain't It Cool News]] | date = [[2003-09-02]] | url = http://www.aintitcool.com/display.cgi?id=15972 | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref>

|}

In 2002, [[Hasbro]] began developing its properties into films.<ref>{{cite news | first= Michelle |last=Smith | title = Hasbro Banking on 'Transformers' Change | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | date = [[2007-06-19]] | url = http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/070618/transformers_hasbro.html?.v=5 | accessdate=2007-06-19}}</ref> Producer [[Don Murphy]] was looking to adapt ''[[G.I. Joe]]'', but when the U.S. [[Iraq War|invaded Iraq]], Hasbro suggested ''[[Transformers (toy line)|Transformers]]'' instead.<ref name="don on set">{{cite news | first=Kellvin |last=Chavez | title = On Set Interview: Producer Don Murphy On Transformers | publisher = Latino Review | date = [[2007-02-21]] | url = http://www.latinoreview.com/news.php?id=1502 | accessdate =2007-05-19}}</ref> [[Tom DeSanto]] joined the project as he was a big fan of the characters,<ref name="history"/> and the two producers decided to explore why Transformers exist.<ref name="don on set"/> They met with comic book writer [[Simon Furman]] and researched the ''[[Generation 1]]'' cartoon and comics,<ref name="don on set"/> deciding to focus on the [[Creation Matrix]].<ref name="toronto1">{{cite web | title = Don Murphy at TransformersCon Toronto 2006 | publisher = Transformerscon | url = http://www.transformerscon.com/videos.php | accessdate = 2007-01-07}}</ref> DeSanto chose a human point-of-view in his [[film treatment|treatment]] to engage the audience,<ref name="tom on set">{{cite news | first=Kellvin |last=Chavez | title = On Set Interview: Producer Tom De Santo On Transformers | publisher = Latino Review | date = [[2007-02-21]] | url = http://www.latinoreview.com/news.php?id=1501 | accessdate =2007-05-19}}</ref> in various storylines resembling a [[disaster film]], as Murphy wanted it to feel realistic.<ref name="toronto1"/> The treatment featured the characters [[Optimus Prime]], [[Ironhide]], [[Jazz (Transformers)|Jazz]], [[Prowl (Transformers)|Prowl]], [[Ratchet (Transformers)|Ratchet]], [[Wheeljack]], [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]], [[Megatron]], [[Starscream]], [[Soundwave]], [[Ravage (Transformers)|Ravage]], [[Laserbeak]], [[Rumble (Transformers)|Rumble]], [[Skywarp]] and [[Shockwave (Transformers)|Shockwave]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Scott |last=Marble| title = The Mind of Tom Desanto| publisher = Transformers Collectors Club Magazine | date = June 2007| pages = 3, 10 | accessdate =2007-06-09}}</ref>

After they were rejected by many studio executives who did not grow up with ''Transformers'', DeSanto met with [[Mike DeLuca]] in 2004, who arranged a meeting with [[Steven Spielberg]].<ref name="rise"/> A fan of the comics and toys,<ref name="history"/> Spielberg signed on as [[executive producer]], and [[John Rogers (writer)|John Rogers]] was hired as screenwriter in November.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/563/563081p1.html| title = Rogers Writing ''Transformers''| author = Stax| publisher = IGN| date = [[2004-11-03]]| accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> His script featured four Transformers on each side,<ref name="quotes">{{cite news | title = Don Murphy Quotes Special | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2005-04-17]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=5057 | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> and had the ''[[Ark (Transformers)|Ark]]'' spaceship.<ref>{{cite news | first= Alex |last=Kingdom | title = TF Movie Screenwriter John Rogers Speaks out | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2004-11-30]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=4314 | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref> [[Roberto Orci]] and [[Alex Kurtzman]], big fans of the cartoon,<ref name="toyfare">{{cite news | first= Zach |last=Oat | title = Double Vision | publisher = Toyfare | date = [[2007-01-12]] | url = http://www.wizarduniverse.com/magazine/toyfare/002989825.cfm | accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref> were hired in February to start over.<ref name="writers hired">{{cite news | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/588/588884p1.html| title = EXCLUSIVE: New ''Transformers'' Writers| author = Stax| publisher = IGN| date = [[2005-02-18]]| accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> Spielberg pitched it to them as about "a boy and his car",<ref name="transtrek"/> which appealed to them as adulthood and responsibility is "the things that a car represents in [the [[United States]]]."<ref name="kaboom">{{cite news | first= Dave |last=Itzkoff | title = Character-Driven Films (but Keep the Kaboom) | publisher = [[New York Times]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/movies/24dave.html?pagewanted=2&_r=2&ref=movies | date = [[2007-06-24]] | accessdate=2007-06-24}}</ref> Optimus Prime, Megatron, Bumblebee and Starscream were included in all their scripts,<ref name="toyfare"/> but Sam and Mikaela were the focus of the first draft,<ref name="arcee"/> and the Transformers had no dialogue. This was changed in the next draft, as the writers felt that even if it could look ridiculous, having them not speak would betray the fanbase.<ref name="toyfare"/> Inspired by Spielberg's ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', Bumblebee was kept mute to stress his friendship with Sam as going beyond words.<ref name="bumblebeetee">{{cite news | first= Josh |last=Horowitz | title = 'Transformers' Writers Talk Fanboy Pressure, 'E.T.' Inspiration, Sequel Ideas | publisher = [[MTV]] | date = [[2007-03-13]] |url = http://www.mtv.com/movies/#/movies/news/articles/1554426/20070312/story.jhtml|accessdate=2007-03-13}}</ref>

==Interpretation and enforcement==

The task of interpreting and enforcing the ''Charter'' falls to the courts, with the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] being the ultimate authority on the matter. With the ''Charter'''s supremacy confirmed by section 52 of the ''Constitution Act, 1982'', the courts continued their practice of striking down statutes or parts of statutes as they had with earlier case law regarding federalism. However, under section 24 of the ''Charter'' courts also gained new powers to enforce creative remedies and exclude more evidence than was typical under the common law. Courts have since made many important decisions, including ''[[R. v. Morgentaler]]'' (1988), which struck down [[Abortion in Canada|Canada's abortion law]], and ''[[Vriend v. Alberta]]'' (1998), which read equal treatment into a law that had been [[discrimination|discriminatory]] toward [[homosexuality|homosexuals]].

[[Image:SSC-Courtroom.jpg|right|thumb|The courtroom of the [[Supreme Court of Canada]], the chief authority on the interpretation of the ''Charter''.]]

[[Michael Bay]], who had wanted to make a [[family film]],<ref name="divulge"/> was asked to direct after finishing ''[[The Island (2005 film)|The Island]]'',<ref name="edit">{{cite news | title = Michael Bay and the Edit of Transformers | publisher = FXGuide | date=[[2007-07-09]] | url = http://www.fxguide.com/article441.html | accessdate=2007-07-10}}</ref> but he thought of it as a "stupid toy movie".<ref name="rise">{{cite news | first= Chris |last=Hewitt | title = Rise of the Machines | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | pages = 95-100 | date = [[2007-06-28]] | accessdate=2007-06-28}}</ref> Nonetheless, Spielberg's premise of "a boy and his car" made him curious, and visiting [[Hasbro]] made him gain a new respect for the mythology.<ref name="bay conference"/> In addition, he was enticed by ideas like an 85 mile-per-hour fight scene,<ref name="divulge"/> and the comedy caused by Transformers interfering with everyday life.<ref name="bay conference"/> The tone was decided as a cross between ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' and ''[[Seven Samurai]]''.<ref name="rise"/> Bay also wanted it to feel intense and realistic,<ref name="bay set meeting"/> and the writers agreed to make everything seem logical, setting aside the previous [[Transformers (fiction)#Generation One (1984-1992)|contradictory continuities]] in the franchise.<ref name="kaboom"/> Bay admitted not being a fan before allowed him to tell the story naturally, and make it appeal to other non-fans.<ref name="bay conference"/> Orci cut the ''Ark'' as he wondered why "aliens who moonlight as vehicles need other vehicles to travel",<ref>{{cite news | title = Ark Not Making An Appearance In the Movie? | publisher = TFormers | date = [[2007-09-14]] | url = http://tformers.com/Ark-Not-Making-An-Appearance-In-the-Movie/6513/news.html | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref> and [[Arcee]] was cut as they had little time to explain robotic gender.<ref name="arcee">{{cite news | first= Todd |last=Gilchrist | title = Exclusive interview: Roberto Orci | publisher = [[IGN]] | date=[[2007-07-02]] | url = http://movies.ign.com/articles/801/801098p1.html | accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref> Bay expanded the military storylines,<ref name="prime time"/> considering the first draft "too kiddie",<ref name="edit"/> with the soldiers based on ''[[G.I. Joe]]''.<ref>{{cite web | first=Roberto|last=Orci|authorlink = Roberto Orci | title = Roberto and Alex: Questions | url = http://boards.transformersmovie.com/showpost.php?p=371594&postcount=4533 | date = [[2007-06-18]] | accessdate=2007-06-30}}</ref> More Decepticons were added to increase the sense of threat,<ref name="yahoowebcast"/> and the Autobot Prowl was removed as Orci and Kurtzman loved the perverseness of an evil [[police car]].<ref>{{cite web | first=Roberto|last=Orci|authorlink = Roberto Orci | title = Roberto and Alex: Questions | date = [[2007-06-07]] | url = http://boards.transformersmovie.com/showpost.php?p=371594&postcount=4533 | accessdate=2007-06-30}}</ref>

Courts have developed various tests and precedents for interpreting specific provisions of the ''Charter''. These include the ''Oakes test'' for section 1, set out in the case ''[[R. v. Oakes]]'' (1986), or the ''Law test'' for section 15, developed in ''[[Law v. Canada]]'' (1999). Since ''[[Re B.C. Motor Vehicle Act]]'' (1985), various approaches to defining and expanding the scope of [[fundamental justice]] under section 7 have been developed. (''For more information, see the [[:Category:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|articles on each ''Charter'' section]]'').

===Design===

Since early cases like ''[[Hunter v. Southam]]'' (1984) and ''[[R. v. Big M Drug Mart]]'' (1985), courts have embraced a purposive interpretation of ''Charter'' rights, which emphasizes not the traditional, limited understanding of what each right meant when the ''Charter'' was adopted in 1982 but rather changing the scope of rights as appropriate to fit their general [[purpose]]; this has been tied to a ''generous interpretation'', meaning that the purpose of rights is assumed to be to increase the rights and freedoms of people in a variety of circumstances, at the expense of the powers of governments. Constitutional scholar [[Peter Hogg]] has approved of the generous approach in some cases, although in others he argued the purpose of the rights was not to achieve a set of rights as broad as courts have imagined.<ref>Peter W. Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada''. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, pages 722 and 724-725.</ref> Indeed, this approach has not been without its critics. Scholars [[Ted Morton|Morton]] and [[Rainer Knopff|Knopff]] have been very critical of this phenomenon, noting that although it has been done with reference to the [[living tree doctrine]], a principle which they feel is sound, it has extended past a reasonable use of the living tree doctrine. When the doctrine is applied right, the authors claimed, "The [[elm]] remained an elm; it grew new branches but did not transform itself into an [[oak]] or a [[willow]]." In other words, the doctrine can be used, for example, so a right is upheld even when a government threatens to violate it with new [[technology]], as long as the essential right remains the same; but the authors charge that the courts have used the doctrine to "create new rights." As an example, the authors note that the Charter right against [[self-incrimination]] has been extended to cover scenarios in the justice system that had previously been unregulated by self-incrimination rights in other Canadian laws.<ref>F.L. Morton and Ranier Knopff, ''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party.'' Toronto: Broadview Press, 2000.</ref>

[[Image:Ironhide-movievehicle.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ironhide]] on display by [[General Motors]] at the 2007 [[Detroit River Walk]] Festival]]

Designs began in June 2005, with [[Hasbro]] heavily collaborating on the live action interpretations of their characters.<ref name="budget"/> In keeping with [[Michael Bay]]'s desire to make ''Transformers'' realistic, the robots were designed more intricately to look more three-dimensional,<ref name="divulge">{{cite news | first=Josh |last=Horowitz | title = Michael Bay Divulges 'Transformers' Details — And Word Of 'Bad Boys III' | publisher = MTV | date = [[2007-02-15]] | url = http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1552462/20070214/story.jhtml | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> as well as reflect their alien origins.<ref name="Lombardo on toys">{{cite news | first= Zack |last=Oat | title = Prime Cuts | publisher = Toyfare | date = [[2007-02-09]] | url = http://www.wizarduniverse.com/magazine/toyfare/003382592.cfm | accessdate = 2007-02-09}}</ref> Morphing in transformations was restricted, unlike the cartoon or comic books, so every character stays the same size, which explains their choice of Earth forms.<ref name="making of"/> [[Optimus Prime]]'s original [[cab over]] truck form was rejected as it would make him only 23 feet tall, so Bay decided to use the [[Peterbilt]], the largest truck available.<ref name="rebirth"/> Bay also added flame artwork to make Prime distinctive, and gave him a mouth to emote more.<ref name="bay conference"/> [[Don Murphy]] wanted to retain [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]'s [[Volkswagen Beetle]] form,<ref>{{cite news | title = Reports from Transformerscon including more Movie bits | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2006-04-30]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=7204 | accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> but Bay rejected it to avoid comparisons with [[Herbie|Herbie the Love Bug]],<ref name="news etc">{{cite news|first=Tony |last=Horkins|title=Transformers|pages=14-5|publisher=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]|date=[[2007-03-29]]}}</ref> and chose the [[Chevrolet Camaro]] instead, which he described as having a friendly quality.<ref name="making of"/> Bumblebee is a 1977 Yellow Chevy Camaro originally titled in Oklahoma and was auctioned on eBay along with other vehicles and movie memorabilia auctioned on eBay by Premiere Props on behalf of Fisher House Foundation, a non-profit organization that used the funds collected from the auctions to build homes for United States military personnel and veterans. The other [[Autobots]] also became [[General Motors|GM]]-owned vehicles in a [[product placement]] deal that saved $3 million,<ref name="bay conference"/> though Bay hoped they would have supplied a bigger car than the [[Pontiac Solstice]] for [[Jazz (Transformers)|Jazz]].<ref name="prime time">{{cite news | first= Adam B. |last=Vary | title = Optimus Prime Time | publisher = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20035285_20035331_20044598,00.html | accessdate=2007-07-07}}</ref>

In contrast to Optimus' faithful design, [[Megatron]]'s alternate mode was changed from a [[Walther P38]] pistol to an alien jet to avoid morphing,<ref name="rebirth">{{cite news | title = The Rebirth of Optimus Prime: Behind the Scenes with Director Michael Bay | publisher = Wired | url = http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-07/trans_movie?currentPage=3 | first= Scott |last=Brown | date = [[2007-06-26]] | accessdate=2007-06-28}}</ref> while his face was made more hideous and menacing.<ref name="knight"/> The numerous animatic tests conducted also made Bay realize [[Starscream]] would require bird-like legs to perform his feats throughout the story.<ref name="wreck">{{cite web | title = Michael Bay Interview | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | date = [[2007-06-05]] | url = http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1808716430/video/2939413/20070605/199/2939413-700-flash-s.37891277-,2939413-300-wmv-s.37891269-,2939413-700-wmv-s.37891270-,2939413-1000-flash-s.37891279-,2939413-1000-wmv-s.37891271-,2939413-100-flash-s.37891273-,2939413-300-flash-s.37891274-,2939413-100-wmv-s.37891266- | accessdate=2007-06-25}}</ref> Bay admitted most of the Decepticons had their appearances chosen before their characterization as Hasbro needed to get started on the toys.<ref name="prime time"/> [[Blackout (Transformers)|Blackout]] was being considered as [[Soundwave (Transformers)|Soundwave]],<ref>{{cite web | first=Roberto|last=Orci| authorlink= Roberto Orci | url = http://boards.transformersmovie.com/showpost.php?p=351304&postcount=4161 | title = Roberto and Alex: Questions | publisher = Official site | date = [[2007-05-19]] | accessdate=2007-06-29}}</ref> but Hasbro wanted to have a music player for the character.<ref name="quotes"/> [[Don Murphy]] felt this role belittled Soundwave,<ref name="toronto1" /> and the writers concurred the character in the script barely resembled the original.<ref name="yahoowebcast"/> They renamed him Soundbyte,<ref>{{cite news | title = Transformers Movie Soundbyte (Frenzy) CGI Design Images First Look | publisher = TFW2005 | date = [[2007-02-02]] | url = http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/showthread.php?t=122322 | accessdate = 2007-02-03}}</ref> and finally [[Frenzy (Transformers)|Frenzy]], one of Soundwave's minions.<ref name="yahoowebcast">{{cite web| title = Transformers undisguised| publisher = Yahoo!| date = [[2006-08-18]]| url = http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1808716430/video/2701721/20070418/2048/2701721-300-wmv-s.35907855-,2701721-300-flash-s.35907881-,2701721-100-wmv-s.35907849-,2701721-100-flash-s.35907874-,2701721-1000-wmv-s.35907866-,2701721-1000-flash-s.35907894-,2701721-700-flash-s.35907887-,2701721-700-wmv-s.35907861- | format = Webcast| accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref> The official names were confirmed in August 2006,<ref name="yahoowebcast"/> although Bay himself was not fully aware of these official names,<ref name="wreck"/> and this led to [[Brawl (Transformers)|Brawl]] being referred to as [[Devastator (Transformers)|Devastator]], his on-set name.<ref name="May blog" /> During post-production, fans expressed concern over Megatron's head design, so a last-minute tweak was done to satisfy them.<ref name="rise"/>

Another general approach to interpreting ''Charter'' rights is to consider legal precedent regarding the [[United States Bill of Rights|United States ''Bill of Rights'']], which influenced the ''Charter'' and has generated a great deal of thoughts on the extent of rights in a common law, democratic system and how they should be enforced by courts. However, American precedent is not considered infallible, as the Supreme Court of Canada has referred to the Canadian and American bills as being "born to different countries in different ages and in different circumstances."<ref>Peter W. Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada''. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, pages 732; the case quoted was ''[[R. v. Rahey]]'' (1987) by [[Gérard La Forest]].</ref>

===Filming===

Legal organizations have also been formed and frequently intervene in cases to assist courts in the process of interpreting the ''Charter''. A notable example would be the [[Women's Legal Education and Action Fund]] (LEAF).

To save money, [[Michael Bay]] cut his fee by 30%, and planned an eighty-three day shooting schedule.<ref name="edit"/> He kept up the pace by doing more camera set-ups per day than usual<ref name="bay conference"/> and chose to shoot the film with a crew he was familiar with in the [[United States]].<ref name="straight">{{cite news | first= Nikki |last=Fenne | title = 'Transformers' Michael Bay Lays On Blame | publisher = [[LA Weekly]] | date = [[2007-07-04]] | url = http://www.deadlinehollywooddaily.com/michael-bay-wants-to-get-facts-straight/ | accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> He had the support of the [[United States military]], who supplied aircraft and vehicles for the alternate modes of the Decepticons, as well as [[F-117]]s, [[C-130]] and [[C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] cargo planes, and two [[V-22 Osprey|CV-22 Osprey]] [[tiltrotor]] [[aircraft]], out of three in the [[United States Air Force]] inventory at that time.<ref name="May blog">{{cite news| authorlink = Michael Bay|first=Michael|last=Bay | title = May 2006 blog| publisher = Shoot for the Edit| url = http://www.michaelbay.com/blog/files/archive-4.html| accessdate = 2006-10-26}}</ref> Such co-operation led ''Transformers'' to be the first film shot at [[The Pentagon]] since the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]].<ref name="making of"/>

Scenes from the 2007 Michael Bay film Transformers were filmed at Tinker Airforce Base in Oklahoma. The scene involves Airforce One landing per emergency due to being invaded by a small alien robot. In addition to this scene, the Decepticon Transformer Barricade, disguised as patrol car, debuts in this scene bearing an Oklahoma license plate.

[[Image:Michael Bay 060530-F-4692S-014.jpg|thumb|200px|Director [[Michael Bay]] filming at [[Holloman Air Force Base]]]]

One approach to the ''Charter'' taken by the courts that involves more participation by elected governments is the [[dialogue principle]].

A pre-shoot took place on [[April 19]], [[2006]], before principal photography began on April 22 at [[Holloman Air Force Base]].<ref name="making of"/> The Holloman shoot also included [[White Sands Missile Range]].<ref>{{cite news | first= Arlan |last=Ponder | title = Movie project transforms Holloman| publisher = Air Force Link| date = [[2006-06-05]]| url = http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123021221| accessdate = 2006-10-26}}</ref> On June 9, filming was onsite at the [[Hoover Dam]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Transformers to film at Hoover Dam| publisher = TFormers| date = [[2006-06-08]]| url = http://www.tformers.com/Transformers-to-Film-at-Hoover-Dam/6073/news.html| accessdate = 2006-10-26}}</ref> making them the first film crew to shoot there since 9/11. The crew then based themselves at [[Hughes Aircraft]] in [[Playa Vista]], including six weekends of filming the climactic battle in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="making of"/> Production wrapped on September 24, although second unit shooting continued in the [[Arctic]] and [[Detroit]],<ref>{{cite news | authorlink = Don Murphy|first=Don|last=Murphy | title = Last Day of Shooting for the Transformers Movie | publisher = TFW2005 | date = [[2006-09-24]] | url = http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/showthread.php?t=111303 | accessdate=2007-02-20}}</ref> where it finally finished on October 4.<ref name="edit"/>

==Comparisons with other human rights instruments==

[[Image:United States Bill of Rights.jpg|right|thumb|The [[United States Bill of Rights|United States ''Bill of Rights'']] has influenced the text of the ''Charter'' but is interpreted more narrowly.]]

Some [[Members of Parliament]] saw the movement to entrench a charter as contrary to the British model of Parliamentary supremacy. Others would say that the ''[[European Convention on Human Rights]]'' has now limited [[United Kingdom|British]] parliamentary power to a greater degree than the ''Canadian Charter'' limited the power of the Canadian Parliament and provincial legislatures when it was adopted in 1982. Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has speculated that the British adopted the ''European Convention'' partly because they were inspired by the similar ''Canadian Charter''.<ref> [http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/constitution/ "The Charter at 20"], Philip Saunders, CBC News Online, April 2002. URL accessed on March 17, 2006. </ref>

===Effects===

It is no accident that the ''Canadian Charter'' is similar to the ''European Convention'' (''ECHR''), specifically in relation to the limitations clauses contained in the ''European Convention''. The underlying reason for this fundamental similarity between the ''ECHR'' and the ''Charter'' lies in the fact that the ''Canadian Charter'' and the ''European Convention'' are both inspired by the ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights''. It is because of this similarity with European human rights law that the Supreme Court of Canada turns not only to the [[Constitution of the United States]] case law but also the [[European Court of Human Rights]] cases in interpreting the ''Charter''.

Work on the [[animatics]] began in April 2005,<ref name="quotes"/> with [[Michael Bay]] and [[Steven Spielberg]] conceived many ideas for action sequences.<ref name="quint"/> Bay shot his fourteen action sequences live to keep the budget below $150 million.<ref name="divulge"/> Three versions of each car were created by [[General Motors]] in anticipation that some of them would crash,<ref name="making of"/> and stunt drivers wore black [[balaclavas]] to blend in with the darkened interiors, so as to make the vehicles appear sentient.<ref>{{cite news | first= Ann |last=Job | title = Chevrolet Camaro: A Transformers Movie Star | publisher = [[MSNBC]] | date = [[2007-05-21]] | url = http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4024776&topart=sports | accessdate=2007-05-21}}</ref> Bay used his animatics to help the actors envision the Transformers, as well as a 17-foot-tall Bumblebee model by FXPerts, a Frenzy puppet by KNB,<ref name="making of">{{cite news | title = The Making Of The Transformers Movie | publisher = Entertainment News International | date = [[2007-06-15]] | url = http://enewsi.com/news.php?catid=190&itemid=11213 | accessdate=2007-06-16}}</ref> Scorponok's damaged tail,<ref name="farrar">{{cite news | first= Fred |last=Topel | title = ILM's Scott Farrar on the Transformers movie | publisher = Crave Online | date = [[2007-06-29]] | url = http://www.craveonline.com/filmtv/articles/04648113/ilms_scott_farrar_on_the_transformers_movie.html | accessdate=2007-06-30}}</ref> Optimus' head with [[motion capture]] points,<ref>{{cite news| title = Transformers movie updates Optimus Prime head prop | publisher = TFW2005 | date = [[2006-10-10]] | url = http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/showthread.php?t=112557 | accessdate = 2006-11-21}}</ref> and Megatron's frozen legs.<ref>{{cite news| title = New Pictures of Frozen Transformers Movie Megatron from the Movie Set | publisher = TFW2005 | date = [[2007-02-06]] | url = http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/showthread.php?t=122767 | accessdate = 2007-02-06}}</ref> The props amount to 12<ref name="farrar"/> out of 630 effects shots.<ref name="edit"/>

[[Industrial Light & Magic]] created computer-generated transformations over six months in 2005, looking at every inch of the models and making sure none of the car pieces conflicted during the simulations.<ref>{{cite news | first= Matt |last=Sullivan | title = Transformers: The Best Special Effects Ever? | publisher = Popular Mechanics | date = [[2007-07-03]] | url = http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/industry/4218826.html?series=6 | accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref> Initially they were designed to follow the laws of physics, but it did not look exciting enough and was changed to be more fluid.<ref name="stun">{{cite news | first= Susan |last=King | title = A stunning transformation | publisher = [[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] | date = [[2007-07-08]] | url = http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/20070708_A_stunning_transformation.html | accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> One decision made was that the wheels should stay on the ground for as long as possible, allowing the robots to cruise around as they changed.<ref name="jaeger">{{cite news | first= Renee |last=Dunlop | title = Transformers’ Art Director Alex Jaeger’s Career on the Fast Track | publisher = CGSociety | date = [[2007-07-11]] | url = http://features.cgsociety.org/story_custom.php?story_id=4150 | accessdate = 2007-07-12}}</ref> Due to the intricate designs of the Transformers, even the simplest notion of turning a wrist requires seventeen visible pieces,<ref name="making of"/> while each of [[Ironhide]]'s guns is made of ten thousand parts.<ref name="divulge"/> Such detail required thirty-eight hours to render each frame of animation,<ref name="making of"/> which meant ILM had to increase their processing facilities.<ref name="ratcheting"/> Each rendered piece had to look like real metal, shiny or dull.<ref name="stun"/> Photographs were taken of each set and had a lighting environment produced within a computer so the robots would look like they were convincingly moving there.<ref name="ratcheting"/> ILM created the 430 shots of the thirteen primary robots, while [[Digital Domain]] and others created minor shots, including a vending machine mutated by the [[Allspark]].<ref name="edit"/>

With regard to the United States ''Bill of Rights'', the Supreme Court of Canada has often approached rights in the ''Canadian Charter'' with a view that they are more generous. As the US ''Bill of Rights'' has no limitations clause or notwithstanding clause, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] has to define rights provisions themselves narrowly. For this reason, fundamental justice (in section 7 of the ''Canadian Charter'') is interpreted more substantively than [[due process]], its US equivalent. Freedom of expression in section 2 also has a more wide-ranging scope than the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]]'s freedom of speech.<ref>Peter W. Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada.'' 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, pages 732-733.</ref> Section 28 of the ''Charter'' also performs a function similar to what the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] would have for the US, but currently that Amendment is unratified. This may be because in Canada there was no unfavourable reaction comparable to that of the [[religious right]] in the United States,<ref>Women's International Network News, "Women on the Move in Canada." Summer 1993, Vol. 19 Issue 3, page 71.</ref> although Canadian feminists had to stage large protests to achieve the inclusion of the section.

Ultimately, the complex mechanics make the characters feel dynamic and quick rather than a lumbering beast,<ref name="bay conference"/> with the mechanics resembling human muscle movement, as Bay rejected a liquid metal surface for the facial animation. Bumblebee uses a piece below his faceplate as an eyebrow, and pieces in his cheek can swivel to resemble a smile. All the characters' eyes are designed to dilate and brighten.<ref name="jaeger"/> Numerous simulations were programmed into the robots, so the animators could just focus on animating the particular areas needed for a convincing performance.<ref name="ratcheting">{{cite news | first= Bill |last=Desowtiz | title = Transformers: Ratcheting Up Hard Body Surfaces | publisher = VFXWorld | date=[[2007-07-03]] | url = http://www.vfxworld.com/?atype=articles&id=3337&page=2 | accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref> Bay instructed the animators at ILM to look at [[martial arts films]] to make the fights look graceful,<ref name="bay conference">{{cite news | title = Michael Bay on Transformers! | publisher = Superherohype.com | date = [[2007-06-20]] | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5884 | accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref> and they also looked to actor [[Liam Neeson]]'s performances to inspire [[Optimus Prime]]'s mannerisms. [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]'s behaviour was based on [[Michael J. Fox]]'s performance in ''[[Back to the Future]]''.<ref name="making of"/> Writers [[Roberto Orci]] and [[Alex Kurtzman]] observed unexpected quirks in ILM's animation, and added new dialogue and re-edited scenes to adjust it to the robots' performances.<ref>{{cite news | first= Edward |last=Douglas | title = Exclusive: Transformers Writers Orci and Kurtzman | publisher = Superherohype.com | date = [[2007-06-29]] | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5938 | accessdate=2007-07-07}}</ref> Visual effects supervisor Scott Farrar was most proud of the scene where the Autobots hide from Sam's parents, as "there is a lot of humor and very dramatic night time lighting."<ref name="stun"/>

The ''[[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]'' has several parallels with the Canadian Charter, but in some cases the Covenant goes further in its text. For example, a right to [[legal aid]] has been read into section 10 of the ''Charter'' (the right to counsel), but the Covenant explicitly guarantees the accused need not pay "if he does not have sufficient means."<ref>Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada.'' 2003 Student Ed., pages 733-734.</ref>

===Music===

The ''Canadian Charter'' has little to say, explicitly at least, about economic and social rights. On this point, it stands in marked contrast with the ''[[Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms]]''. This is also in notable contrast with the ''[[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]]''. There are some who feel economic rights ought to be read into section 7 rights to security of the person and section 15 equality rights to make the ''Charter'' similar to the ''Covenant'', as economic rights can relate to a decent [[standard of living]] and help the civil rights flourish in a liveable environment. Canadian courts, however, have been hesitant in this area, calling economic rights political questions and adding that as [[negative and positive rights|negative rights]], economic rights are questionable.<ref>Sarah Lugtig and Debra Parkes, "Where do we go from here?" ''Herizons'', Spring 2002, Vol. 15 Issue 4, page 14.</ref>

{{see also|Transformers: The Album}}

Composer [[Steve Jablonsky]], who collaborated with Bay on ''[[The Island (2005 film)|The Island]]'', scored music for the teaser trailer long before actual work on the film.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.soundtrack.net/news/article/?id=776 | title = Steve Jablonsky scores a teaser for ''Transformers'' | first= Dan |last=Goldwasser | date = [[2006-06-17]] | publisher = Soundtrack.net | accessdate = 2006-09-01 }}</ref> Scoring took place in April 2007 at the Sony Scoring Stage in [[Culver City]]. The score comprised six major themes over 90 minutes of score, including the teaser music.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=235 | title = Transformers: More Than Meets The Eye | first= Dan |last=Goldwasser | date = [[2007-05-29]] | publisher = Soundtrack.net | accessdate = 2007-05-29}}</ref> [[Tom DeSanto]] wanted to work in an orchestral version of the TV series song,<ref>{{cite news | first= Chris |last=Hewitt | title = The Blockbuster Preview 2007 | pages = 68 | publisher = Empire (Issue 212) | date = February 2007}}</ref> but he and Bay never spoke with each other much.<ref name="straight"/> [[Mute Math]] performed a cover version instead. The band were childhood fans of Transformers, and were approached as their style suited the sound of the robots in the film. It only appears on the album.<ref>{{cite news | author = Spencer D | title = Transformers Vs. MuteMath | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2007-07-03]] | url = http://music.ign.com/articles/801/801247p1.html | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref>

==Marketing==

The Charter itself influenced the bill of rights in the [[Constitution of South Africa]]. <ref>Sarah Lugtig and Debra Parkes, "Where do we go from here?" ''Herizons'', Spring 2002, Vol. 15 Issue 4, page 14.</ref>

[[Image:tfbuilding.jpg|thumb|200px|A building in Hollywood, CA, draped in canvas promoting the film]]

{{See|Transformers: The Movie Prequel|Transformers: The Movie Adaptation|Transformers: Ghosts of Yesterday|Transformers: The Game}}

The first [[teaser trailer]] was released on the Internet on [[June 29]] [[2006]], depicting a Transformer attacking the [[Beagle 2]] mission.<ref>{{cite web| title = Transformers announcement teaser stuff| publisher = Michael Bay.com| date = [[2006-07-01]]| url = http://www.michaelbay.com/blog/files/archive-6.html| accessdate = 2006-10-20}}</ref> A second trailer was released on December 20,<ref>{{Cite web| title = Transformer Teaser Trailer| publisher = shootfortheedit.com| date = [[2006-12-04]]| url = http://www.shootfortheedit.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1277| accessdate = 2006-12-09}}</ref> breaking ''[[Spider-Man 3]]'''s record for the number of internet hits.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bay | first = Michael | authorlink = Michael Bay | title = Trailer note by Michael Bay | publisher = Shoot for the Edit | date = [[2007-01-18]] | url = http://www.shootfortheedit.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1407 | accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref> A third trailer was released online on Yahoo's movie website on [[May 17]] [[2007]]. Another trailer was attached with ''[[Shrek the Third]]''.<ref>{{cite news | first= Ryan |last=Parsons | title = Transformers Trailer BEFORE Pirates! | publisher = CanMag | date = [[2007-05-05]] | url = http://www.canmag.com/nw/7600-transformers-trailer-release | accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Bay originally intended that "[The audience] never really get a good look at the robots until the release",<ref name="divulge" /> but by the third trailer he had abandoned this idea. The Sector 7 [[viral marketing]] web site featured several videos recording supposed evidence of Transformers on Earth. These featured cameos by Generation 1 Transformers, including [[Grimlock]] destroying a construction site, and a security video showing a robot resembling Generation 1 [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]] transforming in a parking garage.<ref>{{cite news | title = Transformers Movie Update: Sector Seven Video Gives Nod To Dinobots, Insecticons, Lazerbeak And Generation One Bumblebee | publisher = Jalopnik | date = [[2007-05-17]] | url = http://jalopnik.com/cars/robots-in-disguise%27%27%27in-disguise/transformers-movie-update-sector-seven-video-gives-nod-to-dinobots-insecticons-lazerbeak-and-generation-one-bumblebee-261435.php | accessdate = 2007-06-24}}</ref>

[[Hasbro]] made deals with 200 companies across 70 countries to promote the film.<ref>{{cite news | title = Hasbro Rolls Out Transformers Products | publisher = SuperHeroHype.com | date = [[2007-02-10]] | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5200 | accessdate = 2007-02-10}}</ref> Their toy line for the film was created over two months over late 2005/early 2006, collaborating heavily with the filmmakers.<ref name="Lombardo on toys" /> A pair of preview toys, Protoform [[Optimus Prime]] and [[Starscream]], were released in the U.S.A. on [[May 1]] [[2007]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Transformers Protoforms | publisher = Hasbro | date = [[2007-01-08]] | url = http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/default.cfm?page=News/Item&newsid=022A4582-D56F-E112-44904AB6ED4C53B1 | accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> before the first wave of figures were released on June 2.<ref name="Lombardo on toys" /> Characters that do not appear in the film are also featured in the film's style, including [[Air Raid (Transformers)|Air Raid]], [[Arcee]], [[Clocker (Transformers)|Clocker]], [[Elita One]], [[Hardtop (Transformers)|Hardtop]], [[Longarm (Transformers)|Longarm]], Signal Flare, [[Skyblast]], [[Strongarm (Transformers)|Strongarm]], [[Swindle (Transformers)|Swindle]] and [[Wreckage (Transformers)|Wreckage]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Full list of Movie Toys? Arcee, Shockwave plus many more? | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2007-01-29]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=9358 | accessdate = 2007-02-01}}</ref> The toys feature "Automorph Technology" in which moving parts of the toy allow other parts to shift automatically.<ref>{{cite news | title = Automorph Technology: The Secret of the Movie Transformations? | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2007-01-26]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=9331 | accessdate = 2007-01-26}}</ref> [[Michael Bay]] directed tie-in commercials for [[General Motors]], [[Burger King]] and [[PepsiCo]],<ref>{{cite news | first= Gail |last=Schiller | title = Firing on all cylinders | publisher = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date = [[2007-06-27]] | url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ib489c7d121532c79a336bb2902e48691 | accessdate=2007-06-27}}</ref> while props including the 1977 [[Chevrolet Camaro]] used for Bumblebee and the [[Allspark]], were put up for charity on [[eBay]].<ref>{{cite news | title = BumbleBee and Other Movie Props Are Now on e-bay! | publisher = Seibertron | date = [[2007-07-08]] | url = http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=11084 | accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> In the third quarter of 2007, [[Nokia]] will release a special ''Transformers'' edition of their N93i.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.uberphones.com/2007/07/nokia/nokia_to_release_transformers_n93i/ | title = Nokia to release Transformers N93i | publisher = ÜberPhones | accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref>

==National values==

[[Image:March-of-hearts.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Homosexual Canadians rally for equality rights under the ''Charter'' in 2004.[http://umanitoba.ca/manitoban/2003-2004/0324/ne_07.html]]]

The ''Charter'' was intended to be a source for [[Value (personal and cultural)|national values]] and national unity. As Professor [[Alan Cairns]] noted, "The initial federal government premise was on developing a pan-Canadian identity."<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/constitution/ "The Charter at 20"], Philip Saunders, CBC News Online, April 2002. URL accessed on March 25, 2006.</ref> Trudeau himself later wrote in his ''Memoirs'' that "Canada itself" could now be defined as a "society where all people are equal and where they share some fundamental values based upon freedom," and that all Canadians could identify with the values of liberty and equality.<ref>Pierre Elliott Trudeau, ''Memoirs'', Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993, pages 322-323.</ref>

==Release==

The ''Charter'''s unifying purpose was particularly important to the mobility and language rights; author Rand Dyck has said that some scholars believe that section 23, with its minority language education rights, "was the only part of the Charter with which Pierre Trudeau was truly concerned."<ref>Rand Dyck, ''Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches.'' Third ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2000, page 442.</ref> Through the mobility and language rights, [[French Canadian]]s, who have been at the centre of unity debates, would be able to travel throughout all Canada and receive government and educational services in their own language, rather than just in Quebec (the only province where they form the majority). The ''Charter'' is also supposed to standardize laws throughout the country and gear them towards a single principle of liberty.<ref>Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada''. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, pages 704-705.</ref>

[[Image:BotCon2006 Moviefist.jpg|thumb|200px|Promotional display for the movie at [[BotCon]] 2006]]

Initially, fans were divided over the film due to the radical redesigns of many characters.<ref>{{cite news | first= Anthony |last=Breznican | title = Final shape of 'Transformers' makes debut today | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[2007-02-12]] | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-02-12-transformers_x.htm | accessdate =2007-06-21}}</ref> [[Michael Bay]] even received [[death threats]].<ref name="bay conference"/> Nonetheless, the film began to draw in many new fans to the franchise.<ref name="never stopped"/> The 2007 [[BotCon]] saw its attendance rise from 2,200 to nearly 8,000.<ref name="never stopped">{{cite news | title = ‘Transformers’ fans never stopped playing | publisher = [[MSNBC]] | date = [[2007-06-15]] | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19251314/ | accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref>

''Transformers'' had its worldwide premiere at [[Sydney]] on [[June 12]], [[2007]].<ref>{{cite news | first= Patrick |last=Kolan | title = Transformers World Premiere in Sydney | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2007-06-13]] | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/796/796054p1.html | accessdate=2007-06-23}}</ref> It premiered at [[Sitges]] during the annual Film Festival on [[June 20]], [[2007]] and in [[Taormina]] the following day.<ref>{{cite news | first= Dave |last=McNary | title = 'Transformers' to bow at LA Film Fest | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = [[2007-05-30]] | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117966019.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | accessdate=2007-05-31}}</ref> It premiered at the [[Los Angeles Film Festival]] on June 27 via digital satellite feed,<ref>{{cite news | author = Microspace Communications Corporation | title = Transformers Premiere to be Shown at L.A. Film Fest | publisher = Superherohype.com | date = [[2007-06-25]] | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5912 | accessdate=2007-06-25}}</ref> and in [[Rhode Island]] on June 28. The Rhode Island premiere was a freely available event offering fans to buy tickets for $75 to benefit four charities: the Rhode Island Community Food Bank, the Autism Project of Rhode Island, the Adoption Rhode Island, and the Hasbro Children's Hospital.<ref>{{cite news | title = Transformers Movie Premiere to Help Change Kids’ Lives | publisher = Business Wire | date = [[2007-05-01]] | url = http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/index.jsp?epi-content=NEWS_VIEW_POPUP_TYPE&newsId=20070501005912&ndmHsc=v2*A1175425200000*B1178059402000*DgroupByDate*J2*L1*N1000837*Ztransformers&newsLang=en&beanID=202776713&viewID=news_view_popup | format=subscription required| accessdate=2007-05-01}}</ref>

Former [[premier of Ontario]] [[Bob Rae]] has stated that the ''Charter'' "functions as a symbol for all Canadians" in practice because it represents the core value of freedom. Academic [[Peter Russell]] has been more skeptical of the ''Charter'''s value in this field. Cairns, who feels the ''Charter'' is the most important constitutional document to many Canadians, and that the ''Charter'' was meant to shape the Canadian identity, has also expressed concern that groups within society see cerain provisions as belonging to them alone rather than to all Canadians.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/constitution/ "The Charter at 20"], Philip Saunders, CBC News Online, April 2002. URL accessed on March 25, 2006.</ref> It should also be noted that issues like [[abortion]] and [[pornography]], raised by the ''Charter'', tend to be controversial.<ref>Hogg, ''Constitutional Law of Canada''. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, pages 704-705.</ref> Still, [[opinion polls]] in 2002 showed Canadians felt the ''Charter'' significantly represented Canada's identity, although many were unaware of the document's actual contents.<ref>Joanne Byfield, "The right to be ignorant." ''Report/Newsmagazine'' (National Edition); December 16, 2002, Vol. 29, Issue 24, page 56.</ref>

===Box office performance===

The only values recognized explicitly by the ''Charter'''s preamble are recognition for the supremacy of [[God]] and the [[rule of law]], but these have been controversial and of little legal consequence. In 1999, MP [[Svend Robinson]] proposed before the [[Canadian House of Commons]] that the ''Charter'' be amended so that the mention of God could be removed, as he felt it did not reflect Canada's diversity.

The film was released in ten overseas markets on June 28, including [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Singapore]] and the [[Philippines]]. ''Transformers'' made $29.5 million in its first weekend, topping the box office in ten countries including a $1.7 million four-day weekend gross in [[Singapore]], the biggest yet.<ref>{{cite news | first= Dave |last=McNary | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117967937.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | title = 'Shrek' tops overseas box office, 'Transformers' int'l release brings in $34.7 mil | date=[[2007-07-01]] | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> The film was released in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] on July 3, with 8pm preview screenings on July 2. The previews earned $8.8 million,<ref>{{cite news | first= Pamela |last=McClintock | title = 'Transformers' nabs hefty haul | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = [[2007-07-03]] | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117967996.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> and in its first day of general release it grossed $27.4 million, a record for Tuesday box office attendance. It broke ''[[Spider-Man 2]]'s'' record for the biggest July 4 gross, making $29 million.<ref name="week one">{{cite news | author = [[Dreamworks]], [[Paramount Pictures]] | title = Transformers' Week One Records | publisher = Comingsoon.net | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5992 | date = [[2007-07-11]] | accessdate=2007-07-12}}</ref>

In its first weekend, ''Transformers'' grossed $70.5 million, amounting to a $155.4 million opening week, giving it the record for the biggest opening week for a non-sequel.<ref>{{cite news | first= Pamela |last=McClintock | title = 'Transformers' change weekend take | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = [[2007-07-09]] | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117968252.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> The opening domestic gross was 50% more than what [[Paramount Pictures]] expected, with one executive attributing it to [[word of mouth]] telling "parents that it's OK to take the kids." A Cinemascope poll indicated the film was most popular with children and parents, including older women, and attracted many [[African American]] and [[Latino]] viewers.<ref>{{cite news | author = Nikki Finke | title = 'Transformers' Huge $152M First Week Sets 7-Day Non-Sequel Record Past 'Spidey', 'Passion' & 'Potter' | publisher = [[LA Weekly]] | date = [[2007-07-08]] | url = http://www.deadlinehollywooddaily.com/transformers-on-target-for-150m-first-week/ | accessdate=2007-07-14}}</ref> ''Transformers'' opened in [[China]] on July 11, setting a record for the biggest foreign language film opening with $3 million.<ref>{{cite news | first= Dave |last=McNary | title = 'Transformers' smashes China record | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = [[2007-07-13]] | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117968497.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> The film has grossed $233 million in the home country of the United States and $380 million worldwide.<!-- Do not use BOM as an analysis for daily or weekly numbers, only to monitor the overall gross--><ref>{{cite web | title = Transformers | publisher = [[Box Office Mojo]] | url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers06.htm | accessdate=2007-07-17<!-- Update every time gross increases.-->}}</ref> The film will be released in the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Republic of Ireland]] on July 27.

Section 27 also serves to recognize [[multiculturalism]], which the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]] argues is a prized heritage among the people.<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/pdp-hrp/canada/guide/general_e.cfm#27 Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.] Human Rights Program. Canadian Heritage. URL accessed on March 25, 2006.</ref>

===Critical reception===

==Criticism==

''Transformers'' was met with mixed reviews from [[film critics]], receiving a "rotten" rating of only 57% favorable reviews out of 175 reviews on [[Rotten Tomatoes]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/transformers_the_movie | publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | title = Transformers | accessdate=2007-07-11}}</ref> and a [[Metacritic]] score of 60/100 (mixed or average) from 34 reviews.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/transformers | publisher= [[Metacritic]] | title = Transformers | accessdate=2007-07-08}}</ref> ''[[IGN]]'s'' Todd Gilchrist found it [[Michael Bay]]'s best film, and "one of the few instances where it's OK to enjoy something for being smart and dumb at the same time, mostly because it's undeniably also a whole lot of fun."<ref name="gilchrist">{{cite news | first= Todd |last=Gilchrist | title = Advance Review: Transformers | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2007-06-29]] | url = http://movies.ign.com/articles/800/800501p1.html | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]'s'' Sean Fewster found the visual effects so seamless that "you may come to believe the studio somehow engineered artifical intelligence".<ref>{{cite news | first= Sean |last=Fewster | title = The rule of robots begins | publisher = [[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] | date = [[2007-06-25]] | url = http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,21963548-5006343,00.html | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''[[The Denver Post]]'s'' Lisa Kennedy praised the depiction of the robots as having "a believably rendered scale and intimacy"<ref>{{cite news | first= Lisa |last=Kennedy | title = "Transformers" toys with human emotions | publisher = [[Denver Post]] | date = [[2007-07-01]] | url = http://www.denverpost.com/entertainment/ci_6270283 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> and [[ABC Television (Australia)|ABC]] presenter Margaret Pomeranz was surprised "that a complete newcomer to the Transformers phenomenon like myself became involved in the fate of these mega-machines".<ref>{{cite news | first= Margaret |last=Pomeranz | title = Transformers | publisher = [[ABC Television (Australia)|ABC]] | url = http://www.abc.net.au/atthemovies/txt/s1950144.htm | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''[[Ain't It Cool News]]'s'' [[Drew McWeeny]] felt most of the cast grounded the story, and that "it has a real sense of wonder, one of the things that’s missing from so much of the big CGI lightshows released these days."<ref>{{cite news | authorlink = Drew McWeeny|first=Drew|last=McWeeny | title = Moriarty Makes First Contact With TRANSFORMERS! The Movie, The Comics, The Books & More! | publisher = [[Ain't It Cool News]] | date = [[2007-07-02]] | url = http://www.aintitcool.com/?q=node/33213 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> Author [[Peter David]] found it ludricrous fun, and that "[Bay] manages to hold on to his audience's suspension of disbelief long enough for us to segue into some truly spectacular battle scenes."<ref>{{cite news | first=Peter|last=David|authorlink = Peter David | title = Car Toon | publisher = Self-published | date = [[2007-07-07]] | url = http://peterdavid.malibulist.com/archives/005515.html#more | accessdate=2007-07-10}}</ref>

[[Image:Charter-revolution.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party'' is a book by [[F.L. Morton]] and [[Rainer Knopff]] that is highly critical of the use of the ''Charter'' by judges, interest groups and the federal government.]]

While the ''Charter'' has enjoyed a great deal of popularity, with 82% of Canadians describing it as a "good thing" in opinion polls in 1987 and 1999 <ref> [http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/constitution/ "The Charter at 20"], Philip Saunders, CBC News Online, April 2002. URL accessed on March 17, 2006. </ref>, the document has also been subject to published criticisms, both by the [[left-wing politics|political left]] and [[right-wing politics|right]]. One critic is Professor [[Michael Mandel (law professor)|Michael Mandel]], who wrote that in comparison to politicians, judges do not have to be as sensitive to the will of the electorate, nor do they have to make sure their decisions are easily understandable to the average citizen. This, in Mandel's view, limits democracy. Mandel has also charged that the ''Charter'' makes Canada more like the United States, especially by serving corporate rights and [[individual rights]] rather than group rights and social rights. Among the possible rights that Mandel has lamented for being excluded from the ''Charter'' include a right to [[health care]] and a basic right to [[free education]] (although the Charter does include minority language educational rights).<ref>Rand Dyck, ''Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches'' 3rd ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2000.</ref>

Despite the praise for the visual effects, there was much division over the human storylines. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'s'' Kirk Honeycutt liked "how a teen plot line gets tied in to the end of the world",<ref>{{cite news | first= Kirk |last=Honeycutt | title = Transformers: Sci-fi action that is both smart and funny | publisher = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date = [[2007-06-29]] | url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?JSESSIONID=tXWMGGpTdyjFZJ0dGGWfGlgHbw0MPhgRlybWwFB1T1vWcpNcw0pG!2116095088&&rid=9431 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> while ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'s'' Ian Nathan praised [[Shia LaBeouf]] as "a smart, natural comedian, [who] levels the bluntness of this toy story with an ironic bluster."<ref>{{cite news | first= Ian |last=Nathan | title = Transformers | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | url = http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?FID=11052 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''Ain't It Cool News'' founder [[Harry Knowles]] found the military storylines distracting from Sam, a conflict of Bay and [[Steven Spielberg]]'s styles.<ref>{{cite news | first=Harry|last=Knowles|authorlink = Harry Knowles | title = Harry reviews TRANSFORMERS which isn't really more than meets the eye! | publisher = [[Ain't It Cool News]] | date = [[2007-07-03]] | url = http://www.aintitcool.com/?q=node/33226 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] hated the film as he did not connect with the characters in-between the action, which he found tedious.<ref>{{cite news | authorlink = James Berardinelli|first=James|last=Berardinelli | title = Transformers | publisher = Reelviews | url = http://www.reelviews.net/movies/t/transformers.html | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'s'' [[Kenneth Turan]] found the humans "oddly lifeless, doing little besides marking time until those big toys fill the screen",<ref>{{cite news | authorlink = Kenneth Turan |first=Kenneth|last=Turan| title = 'Transformers' heavy on plot | publisher = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = [[2007-07-02]] | url = http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/la-et-transformers2jul02,0,445321.story | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> while ''Comingsoon.net's'' Joshua Stames felt the Transformers were "completely believable, right up to the moment they open their mouths to talk, when they revert to bad cartoon characters."<ref>{{cite news | first= Joshua |last=Stames | title = Transformers | publisher = Comingsoon.net | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/reviewsnews.php?id=21711 | accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref> ''[[Daily Herald]]'s'' Matt Arado was annoyed that "the Transformers [are] little more than supporting players", and felt the middle act was sluggish.<ref>{{cite news | first= Matt |last=Arado | title = ‘Transformers’ lacks substance | publisher = [[Daily Herald]] | date = [[2007-07-02]] | url = http://www.dailyherald.com/story.asp?id=328158 | accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ''[[CNN]]'s'' Tom Charity questioned the idea of a film based on a toy, and felt it would "buzz its youthful demographic... but leave the rest of us wondering if Hollywood could possibly aim lower."<ref>{{cite news | first= Tom |last=Charity | title = Dim 'Transformers' thuds with action | publisher = [[CNN]] | date = [[2007-07-04]] | url = http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/07/02/review.transformers/index.html | accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref>

American [[sociology|sociologist]] [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] has also criticized the ''Charter'' for making Canada more like the United States (in having constitutional rights). "At one fell swoop," Lipset claimed, the ''Charter'' "did away with the major constitutional difference between Canada and the United States."<ref>F.L. Morton and Ranier Knopff, ''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party.'' Toronto: Broadview Press, 2000. See quote on the back of the book.</ref>

===Awards===

Morton and Knopff have also launched several charges against the ''Charter'', including that the federal government has used it to limit provincial powers by allying with various rights claimants and interest groups. In their book ''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party'', Morton and Knopff express their suspicions of this alliance in detail, charging that the Trudeau and Chretien governments have funded litigious groups. For example, the federal government supposedly uses the Court Challenges Program to support minority language educational rights claims. Morton and Knopff even claim that [[crown attorney|crown counsel]]s have intentionally lost cases in which the government was taken to court for violating rights, particularly [[gay rights]] and [[women's rights]].<ref>F.L. Morton and Ranier Knopff, ''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party.'' Toronto: Broadview Press, 2000. Their other work is also decribed by Dyck.</ref>

Before its release, ''Transformers'' was voted "Best Summer Movie You Haven't Seen Yet" at the [[2007 MTV Movie Awards]].<ref>{{cite news | author = [[MTV]] | title = The MTV Movie Awards Winners! | publisher = Comingsoon.net | date = [[2007-06-04]] | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=20777 | accessdate=2007-06-04}}</ref> ''Transformers'' was nominated for nine

[[Teen Choice Awards]] for Best Action Adventure, Movie Actor: Action Adventure - Shia LaBeouf, Movie Actress: Action Adventure - Megan Fox, Movie: Villain: Megatron, Movie: Liplock - Megan Fox and Shia LaBeouf, Movie: Breakout Female - Megan Fox, Movie: Rumble - Captain Lennox vs. Blackout, Movie: Breakout Male - Shia LaBeouf for ''[[A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints (film)|A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints]]'', ''[[Disturbia]]'', ''Transformers'', Movie: Chemistry - Shia LaBeouf and Bumblebee, and Female Hottie - Megan Fox.<ref>{{cite news | first= Josh |last=Foster | title = Teen Choice Awards: The Full List O’ Nominees | publisher = Portable Planet | date = [[2007-07-05]] | url = http://www.portableplanet.co.uk/2007/07/05/teen-choice-awards-the-full-list-o-nominees/ | accessdate=2007-07-18}}</ref>

==Sequels==

Political scientist Rand Dyck, in observing these criticisms, notes that while judges have had their scope of review widened, they have still upheld most laws challenged on ''Charter'' grounds. With regard to litigious interest groups, Dyck points out that "the record is not as clear as Morton and Knopff imply. All such groups have experienced wins and losses."<ref>Dyck.</ref>

On [[May 30]] [[2007]], DreamWorks greenlit two sequels to ''Transformers''.<ref>{{cite news | first= Dave |last=West | title = Two 'Transformers' sequels in pipeline | publisher = Digital Spy | date = [[2007-05-30]] | url = http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/a58430/two-transformers-sequels-in-pipeline.html | accessdate=2007-06-02}}</ref> [[Shia LaBeouf]],<ref>{{cite news | first= Rebecca |last=Murray | title = Shia LeBeouf interview - Transformers the Movie and Michael Bay| publisher = About| url = http://movies.about.com/od/bobby/a/bobbysl111006.htm| accessdate = 2006-11-15}}</ref> [[Megan Fox]]<ref>{{cite news | first= Brian |last=Jacks | title = Megan Fox Confirmed For ‘Transformers’ Sequel | publisher = [[MTV]] | date = [[2007-05-18]] | url = http://www.mtvmoviesblog.com/2007/05/18/megan-fox-confirmed-for-transformers-sequel/ | accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> and [[Peter Cullen]]<ref name="news etc"/> are signed on to return. Producer [[Tom DeSanto]] has envisioned a storyline introducing the [[Dinobots]], [[Constructicons]], and [[Soundwave (Transformers)|Soundwave]].<ref name="cgi"/> Writers [[Roberto Orci]] and [[Alex Kurtzman]] may not return, as "the next ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'' is taking up most of our time."<ref name="transtrek">{{cite news | first= Robert |last=Sanchez | title = Interview: Roberto Orci on Transformers and Star Trek! | publisher = IESB | date = [[2007-06-18]] | url = http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2718&Itemid=99 | accessdate=2007-06-19}}</ref> [[Michael Bay]] has not signed on, "trying to keep some leverage for the negotiations,"<ref name="news etc"/> but already has ideas, including an [[aircraft carrier]] character.<ref>{{cite news | first= Patrick |last=Kolan | title = Transformers Roundtable with Michael Bay | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2007-06-13]] | url = http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/796/796057p2.html | accessdate=2007-06-13}}</ref> The producers expect that with a bigger budget and the special effects worked out, the Transformers will have a larger role.<ref>{{cite news | first= Anthony |last=Breznican | title = Fan buzz: Flesh out those 'bots | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[2007-07-12]] | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-07-11-transformers-bots_N.htm?csp=34 | accessdate=2007-07-12}}</ref>

== References ==

The political philosopher [[Charles Blattberg]] has criticized the ''Charter'' for contributing to the fragmentation of the country, at both the individual and group levels. In encouraging discourse based upon rights, the ''Charter'' is said to inject an adversarial spirit into Canadian politics, making it difficult to realise the common good. Blattberg also claims that the ''Charter'' undercuts the Canadian political community since it is ultimately a cosmopolitan document. Finally, he argues that people would be more motivated to uphold individual liberties if they were expressed with terms that are much "thicker" (less abstract) than rights.<ref>Charles Blattberg, ''Shall We Dance? A Patriotic Politics for Canada'' Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, especially pages 83-94</ref>

{{Reflist|2}}

==SeeExternal alsolinks==

{{wikisourcewikiquote}}

<!-- Try to keep links to a minimum, if you got information incorporate and cite it in the article.-->

*[[List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)]]

*[http://www.transformersmovie.com/ Official Transformers Movie Website]

*[[List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)]]

*[http://www.sectorseven.org/ Sector Seven Org] - Viral marketing site. Passwords are to be found in the various trailers.

*[[List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court)]]

*[http://movies.yahoo.com/summer-movies/Transformers/1808716430 ''Transformers''] at [[Yahoo! Movies]]

*[[Canadian Human Rights Act]]

*{{imdb title|id=0418279|title=Transformers}}

*[[Canadian Bill of Rights]]

*{{rotten-tomatoes|id=transformers_the_movie|title=Transformers}}

*[[Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms]]

*{{metacritic film|id=transformers|title=Transformers}}

*[http://seibertron.com/events/gallery.php?event_id=70&size=0&start=225 Hasbro concept art gallery]

*[http://www.benprocter.com/SITEv2/HTML/PROJPAGE_Trans_01.html Ben Procter's concept art for the film]

{{ Box Office Leaders USA

===Notes===

| before = [[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]

<div style="font-size: 85%"><references/></div>

| date = July 8

<!--<nowiki>Please do not type footnotes here. Instead insert the footnote in its proper spot in the body of this article using the <ref name=> </ref> tags. See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags.</nowiki>-->

| year = 2007

| after = [[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]

}}

{{Transformers}}

===Bibliography===

{{Michael Bay}}

*G.-A Beaudoin and E. Ratushny, ''The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' 2nd ed. [[Carswell]], Toronto, 1989.

[[Category:2007 films]]

*Charles Blattberg, ''Shall We Dance? A Patriotic Politics for Canada'' Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003.

[[Category:Alien visitation films]]

*Jean Chretien, ''Straight from the Heart'', Key Porter Books Limited, 1994.

[[Category:Science fiction action films]]

*Andrew Cohen and JL Granatstein, eds. ''Trudeau's Shadow: The Life and Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau''. Vintage Canada, 1998.

[[Category:Disaster films]]

*Rand Dyck, ''Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches'' 3rd ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2000.

[[Category:American films]]

*P.W. Hogg, ''Constitutional law of Canada'', 4th ed. Carswell: Scarborough with ''Supplement to Constitutional Law of Canada'' (2002-)

[[Category:DreamWorks films]]

*J.P. Humphrey, ''Human Rights and the United Nations: A Great Adventure'' New York: Transnational Publishers, 1984.

[[Category:Paramount films]]

*J.E. Magnet, ''Constitutional Law'', 8th ed. (2001).

[[Category:Transformers films]]

*F.L. Morton and Ranier Knopff, ''The Charter Revolution & the Court Party.'' Toronto: Broadview Press, 2000.

[[Category:Films based on toys]]

[[Category:Robot films]]

[[Category:Films directed by Michael Bay]]

[[Category:Films shot anamorphically]]

[[de:Transformers (Film)]]

===External links===

[[es:Transformers (película)]]

* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/annex_e.html#I Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms] - Department of Justice website

[[fr:Transformers (film)]]

* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/c-12.3/text.html Canadian Bill of Rights, 1960]

[[it:Transformers (film)]]

* [http://www.constitutional-law.net/general.html Constitutional Law of Canada] by Professor Joseph E. Magnet, University of Ottawa

[[he:רובוטריקים (סרט)]]

[[hu:Transformers (film, 2007)]]

[[ms:Transformers (Filem 2007)]]

[[Category:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms| ]]

[[nl:Transformers (film)]]

[[Category:1982 in law]]

[[ja:トランスフォーマー (実写映画)]]

[[Category:Human rights instruments]]

[[pt:Transformers (filme)]]

[[ru:Трансформеры (фильм)]]

{{Constitution of Canada}}

[[sr:Трансформерси (играни филм)]]

[[fi:Transformers (elokuva)]]

[[es:Carta Canadiense de los Derechos y las Libertades]]

[[sv:Transformers (film)]]

[[fr:Charte canadienne des droits et libertés]]

[[zh:變形金剛 (2007年電影)]]

[[pl:Kanadyjska Karta Praw i Swobód]]

[[pt:Carta Canadense dos Direitos e das Liberdades]]