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'''{{Expand|date=January 2007}}
{{Infobox CVG| title = Super Mario Bros.
{{otheruses}}
|image = [[Image:Super Mario Bros box.jpg|200px|center|Box art of Super Mario Bros.]]
'''Flexibility''' is the popular term for the ability to easily [[bend]] an [[Object (physics)|object]] or the ability to adapt to different circumstances. However, in various professional fields, more precise terms are used.
|developer = [[Nintendo]]
|publisher = [[Nintendo]]
|designer = [[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|engine =
|released = [[October 1]], [[1985]] ([[United States|U.S.]])
|genre = [[Platform game]]
|modes = [[Single player]], [[multiplayer]]
|ratings = N/A
|platforms = [[Famicom]]/[[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]
|media = 2-[[megabit]] [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]]
|requirements =
|input =
}}
'''''Super Mario Bros.''''' is the [[video game]] that made [[Mario (Nintendo character)|Mario]] famous. It featured the first appearance of [[Princess Peach Toadstool]], [[Bowser (Nintendo)|King Bowser Koopa]] and other characters. The classic game was one of the first side-scrolling [[platform game]]s of its kind, introducing players to huge, bright, expansive worlds that changed the way video games were created, played, and perceived.
There is a lot of speculation about flexibility . Where does it come from ? How does it reproduce ? What is it`s habitat and more. Flexibility is a small, almost microscopic animal that you can barely see, so don`t listen to of any of this bullshit. Whoever wrote this is no better than a graffiti-ist. Go and do a painting instead.
The game was originally released as a cartridge for the [[Nintendo Family Computer]] (Famicom) in [[Japan]] and the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] in [[North America]] and [[Europe]]. Upright and table-top [[arcade cabinet]] machines were also produced.
==Physiology==
The game was directed by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]], who created the Mario character. He has created many other famous Nintendo titles including ''[[Donkey Kong]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'', ''[[F-Zero]]'', and ''[[Star Fox]]'', among others. The famous music including the classic ''Mario'' theme was composed by [[Koji Kondo]].
In the [[physiology]] of vertebrates, including humans, the measurement of the achievable distance between the flexed position and the extended position of a particular [[joint]] or muscle group is called its "flexibility", but this is more properly called its [[range of motion]] or range of movement. In this sense, the flexibility of a joint depends on many factors, particularly the length and looseness of the [[muscle]]s and [[ligament]]s due to normal human variation, and the shape of the [[bone]]s and [[cartilage]] that make up the joint.
Flexibility, or suppleness, is also a more generalized term used to compare the relative range of motion of all joints of an individual with a standard. The ability to achieve a full range of movements – to turn, stretch, twist and bend – without any stiffness, aching or suffering a spine or joint injury is defined as [http://www.healthy-body-healthy-mind.com/how-to-build-suppleness/ suppleness].
''Super Mario Bros.'' was the first of four games made by Nintendo on their 8-bit consoles. In 1986, Nintendo released the Japanese exclusive ''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'', which followed the same game engine as its predecessor with a few graphical changes. ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]'', as the game became known in America, was much more difficult than the original. For these reasons, along with the fear the American and European markets would not buy the game because of its remarkable similiarity to the original title, took a pre-existing game called ''[[Doki Doki Panic]]'', changed the four playable (vaguely Arabian) characters to the Mario characters, along with a host of other changes, and released the game as ''Super Mario Bros. 2'' in America. ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' came out in 1990,''Super Mario USA'' (the Japanese equivalent of America's ''Super Mario Bros. 2'') came out in 1992. ''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'', a collection of all four titles, came out on the SNES with enhanced graphics and the first ever American and European release of ''The Lost Levels''. Some newer All-Star cartridges include the SNES sequel ''[[Super Mario World]]'' as well.
Medical conditions such as [[arthritis]] can decrease flexibility, while [[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]] can increase flexibility. Exercise increases the amount of flexibility in a joint, while decreasing the amount of resistance.
== Game mechanics ==
Those who practice [[gymnastics]] (especially [[rhythmic gymnastics]]), [[dance]], [[figure skating]], [[martial arts]], [[body toning]], [[yoga]], [[cheerleading]] and [[contortion]] rely on functional flexibility (increased range of motion with strength and control) to perform their actions.
The player takes the role of Mario, or in the case of a second player, Mario's brother [[Luigi (Nintendo character)|Luigi]]. The ultimate object is to race through the [[Mushroom Kingdom]], evade or eliminate Bowser's forces, and save Princess Toadstool.
===Benefits===
Mario's primary attack is simply jumping on top of his enemies, which kills the mushroom traitors, [[Goomba]]s, and sends the turtle soldiers known as [[Koopa Troopa]]s into their shells. Mario can then kick these shells into other enemies, which conveniently dispatch them; but conversely, can also bounce back and hit him. Jumping on enough enemies in succession, or kicking a shell into enough enemies in succession, double points earned with each enemy killed, eventually earning Mario a [[1-up]], an extra life and another chance to pass the level.
Suppleness or flexibility is an important part of a healthful life. Being supple means that you can reach up to take an item down from a bookshelf, for example, or bend down to tie your shoe laces, without feeling that your movements are restricted in any way. When you are young, you tend to take suppleness for granted. But as and when you start growing older, you need to spend a bit of time enhancing and maintaining your suppleness.
Anyone can start a daily routine of simple stretches at any age to restore or increase that flexibility to your muscles as well as joints. Some studies show that you are never too old to reverse the reduced level of suppleness that comes with the age. It really doesn’t matter as to how long it has been building up.
[[Image:Super_mushroomizedSHORT.PNG|thumb|350 px|The Super Mushroom slides toward Mario. When it touches him, it disappears, causing him to earn 1000 points and double in size.]]
Aiding him in his quest are several power-ups, including the [[Super Mushroom]], which would turn Mario into [[Super Mario]], doubling his size; the [[Fire Flower]], which turns Super Mario into [[Fiery Mario]], allowing him to throw fireballs; [[Starman (Nintendo item)|Starman]], which gives him temporary invincibility; and the 1-up Mushroom, which grants him an extra life.
===How To Achieve Flexibility===
If Mario takes a hit from an enemy as Super Mario or Fiery Mario, he simply reverts back to regular Mario and the game continues. However, if he takes a hit as regular Mario, falls down a pit (regardless of his status), or if the time clock runs out, he loses a life, and starts again, either from the beginning of the level or a set ___location that he had passed before dying, approximately halfway through the level.
Flexibility can be temporarily increased by regular [[stretching]] of the muscles either by performing specific exercises or by actively participating in activities that take the joints through their full range of movement and lengthens the muscles. Muscles are wrapped in connective tissues, which, rather like chewing gum, are resistant to being stretched when cold. For this specific reason, it is very important to attempt stretching exercises only when your muscles are warm. When stretching, a slight degree of tension should be felt in the muscle. Attempting to stretch too far may cause physical discomfort or even pain and can further result in an injury. So in order to maintain your suppleness, stretches need to be held for at least 10-40 seconds which gives connective tissues enough time to lengthen.
Stretching regularly can result in flexibility that is retained for as long as 48 hours, depending on the duration and depth (effective relaxation) of the stretch. This component is important to avoid injuries during leisure activities{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
[[Image:Goomba Group Strategy.png|right|thumb|190px|Grey [[Goomba|Goombas]] in world 8-4.]]The game consists of eight worlds with four sub-worlds, or levels, in each. The first sub-world is a generic above ground (overworld) level, the second is below ground (sometimes in water) in most worlds (otherwise it is an above ground level with some unique characteristics), the third is usually a sky level (except in World 8 where it is the castle gateway) and the fourth is a castle. At the end of each castle level, Mario fights Bowser across a bridge over a pool of [[lava]]. He can defeat Bowser in one of two ways. The first would be to touch the axe on the end of the bridge, which results in it falling into the lava along with Bowser. Another method is, as Fiery Mario, to throw enough fireballs at him to defeat him. Only using fireballs will earn the player points.
===Relative flexibility===
The third and sixth worlds take place at [[night]], and all other worlds take place during the [[day]].
Since muscles which go through grow in size but not in length, when one muscle grows through hypertrophy its opposite side muscle (the antagonist) will have to lengthen, and absolute flexibility is the term to describe a muscle's length, in and of itself, where relative flexibility is the flexibility of a joint, as compared to its antagonistic movement<ref>[http://www.chekinstitute.com/articles.cfm?select=73 "Back to the Basics for the New Year"], by Paul Chek</ref>.
For example, the [[calf muscle]] extends the foot towards the [[ground]] ([[plantarflexion]]) and the [[anterior tibialis|shin muscle]] flexes the foot in the opposite direction ([[dorsiflexion]]).
After beating the game, the player is given the option to start the game again in "Hard Mode", where all Goombas are replaced by [[Buzzy Beetle]]s (Koopa Troopa-like enemies who cannot be killed by fireballs), and all enemies walk faster.
If a person's calf is [[tonic (physiology)|overly strong]] it will not be as flexible as the opposite shin muscle, and plantarflexion will be exhibit relatively inflexible as compared to dorsiflexion using the person's [[phasic (physiology)|weaker]], but more flexible shin muscle.
==Systems theory==
In an effort to require players to spend more money, the [[arcade cabinet|arcade]] version of the game was made considerably more difficult than the home version. In particular, many of the hidden power-ups, 1-ups, and coin boxes were removed from the levels.
In [[systems theory]], which has applications in diverse fields including biology, ecology, psychology, economics, and management, the flexibility of a [[adaptive system|system]] is related to its [[adaptation]] to a new environment or its [[resilience]] in recovering from a shock or disturbance.
One example is the attribute of [[Flexibility (engineering)|flexibility]] in engineering.'''''Italic text''
== Game popularity ==
==References==
The game sold approximately 40 million copies in North America alone. It has been estimated that this game, next to ''[[Tetris]]'', is the bestselling game of all time. However, although the game was popular enough on its own, this is more attributable to the popularity of the NES itself, as ''Super Mario Bros.'' was most often packaged along with the console. [[Super Mario Brothers 3]] is often cited as the best selling game of all time, which is likely true, as far as stand-alone releases go.
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[[image:SuperMarioBrosNESTitle.png|right|thumb|The title screen of ''Super Mario Bros.'' has gone down in video game history.]]
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The game's popularity eventually led to dozens of sequels and spinoffs; there are three direct sequels to this game on the NES platform: ''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'', ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels|Super Mario Bros. 2]]'' (Japanese, also called "''The Lost Levels''"), and ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]''.
There was even a [[Super Mario Bros (TV)|TV series]] and a [[Super Mario Bros (film)|movie]] based on it. Mario has since been known as Nintendo's mascot and one of the most popular video game characters of all time.
== Enhanced remakes ==
Two [[enhanced remakes]] of the game have been produced. In 1993, ''Super Mario Bros.'' was released with enhanced graphics for the [[Super Famicom]] and [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] as ''[[Super Mario Collection]]'' and ''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'', respectively. It was later released with additional features (but not enhanced graphics) for the [[Game Boy Color]] as ''[[Super Mario Bros. Deluxe]]''. In early 2004, Nintendo rereleased the game on the [[Game Boy Advance]] in Japan as part of their Famicom Minis collection and in the U.S. as part of the [[Classic NES Series]]. Unlike previous re-releases, these versions contain no graphical updates. Differences between this and the original are that the screen images appear a bit squished, due to the smaller [[Game Boy Advance|GBA]] screen, and the high score is saved to the [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]]. In addition, there is an option that allows [[linked play]].
== Release dates ==
[[image:SuperMarioBrosSNESTitle.png|right|thumb|The re-release of ''Super Mario Bros.'' on the Super NES featured enhanced graphics and sound.]]
* [[Japan]] - [[September 13]], [[1985]] (a [[Friday the 13th]])
* [[North America]] - [[October]], [[1985]]
* [[Europe]] - [[1987]]
== Bugs ==
For a more complete list of bugs and glitches in Super Mario Bros., see [http://bisqwit.iki.fi/nesvideos/SuperMarioBrosTricks.html Bisqwit's "Super Mario Bros. tricks" page].
=== World -1 ===
There exists a method to reach World -1 (the [[minus world|Minus World]]). This level is sometimes claimed to be a myth but it does exist, although it can be difficult to reach. The Minus World is an infinite water level, only accessible through World 1-2, and was not an intentionally designed level but the result of a coding glitch. Once World -1 is reached, it is almost impossible to escape, and Mario is destined to die by running out of time (assuming he survives the standard water-level obstacles as well).
[[Image:NESClassicGBA SuperMarioBros1boxart 160h.jpg|right|frame|The NES version of ''Super Mario Bros.'' was re-released in 2004 on the Game Boy Advance as part of the [[Classic NES Series]].]]
World -1 can be reached if Super Mario uses another glitch to pass through the bricks to the left of the [[warp zone]] area, and then enters one of the warp pipes quickly before the "Welcome to Warp Zone" message appears. More "glitch" levels are available, but only through special memory-modifying tools such as the [[Game Genie]].
In 2005, David Victor Gehrke discovered the only known exit to World -1 thus far. It involves running into both a Blooper enemy character and a red fish enemy character at the same time, near the pipe at the end of the level. If this is achieved, Mario will die and restart at the middle of World 1-2. This feat was witnessed by many, but has not yet been videorecorded.
The Minus World in the Japanese [[Famicom Disk System]] version of the game is considerably different and has three levels, after which the player is returned to the title screen as though he or she completed the game.
=== Jumping the flag ===
Dating from the time of the original ''Super Mario Bros.'' release, [[urban legend]] claimed that in levels 3-3 and 7-2 it is possible to jump over the flag at the end of the level by exploiting [[pulley]]s. The claim was for the most part unsubstantiated until 1999 when a [[NESticle]] movie demonstrating the capability was publicly released. [http://www.princeton.edu/~jdonald/emulation/flagpole.html] When the engine was redone for the SNES game ''Super Mario All-Stars'', this ability was retained while found less difficult to perform (and, interestingly, the -1 bug was removed). Creators of [[tool-assisted speedrun|tool-assisted console video]]s have also demonstrated (in the original NES game) that the flagpole can be surmounted on several other levels including 1-1. This is done by exploiting a glitch to induce a [[Koopa Troopa]] to walk across the bottom edge of the screen and then using it for an extra bounce over the pole. However, jumping the flag is not very useful as the level goes on forever and is completely empty after this. There is nothing to do but to keep running forward until Mario dies from Time Over. There are also many levels in [[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]] in which jumping over the flag is possible.
== Trivia ==
=== Super Mario and the Game Genie ===
It is a well-known phenomenon among those who possessed a real [[Game Genie]] that by some quirk in how the original ''Super Mario Bros.'' was programmed, the game has proven to be extremely receptive to Game Genie codes, responding with far more effects than any other known NES game. Hundreds (possibly thousands) of codes have been generated, and although large lists of them exist, none of them has proven truly comprehensive.
=== Current World Record ===
The current world record time for this game has been set by Trevor Seguin with a time of 5 minutes and 9 seconds. This claim has been confirmed by [[Twin Galaxies]]. This is only 9 seconds slower than the fastest known tool-assisted [[speedrun]], which currently measures at just under 5 minutes.
== Related links ==
* [[All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros.]]
* [[Super Mario All-Stars]]
* [[List of Famicom games]]
* [[List of NES games]]
== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikibooks}}
* [http://www.classicgaming.com/tmk The Mushroom Kingdom]
* [http://www.supermariobrothers.com/ Supermariobrothers.com]
* [http://www.smbhq.com/ Super Mario Bros. Headquarters]
* [http://www.nesfiles.com/NES/Super_Mario_Bros/Super_Mario_Bros.asp Super Mario Bros at The NES Files]
[[es:Super Mario Brothers]]
[[ja:スーパーマリオブラザーズ]]
[[sv:Super Mario Bros.]]
[[zh:超級瑪莉]]
[[Category:Mario platform games]]
[[Category:NES games]]
[[Category:Arcade games]]
[[Category:1985 computer and video games]]
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