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'''National Action''' (founded [[Anzac Day]], [[1982]]) was an [[Australia|Australian]] [[political party]] which was on the [[far-right]] of the political spectrum. It had no representatives in any Australian parliament, at either state or national level. Its ideology dictated that it remain outside the "political system".
{{Infobox Australian City|
name = Geelong |
image_map = Melbourne locator-MJC.png |
name = Geelong |
latd=38|latm=09|latNS=S|longd=144|longm=21|longEW=E|
jurisdiction = [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] |
area = 1,240 |
time_zone= [[UTC10|AEST]] |
utc_offset= +10 |
time_zone_DST= [[UTC11|AEDT]] |
utc_offset_DST= +11 |
population_estimate_year = 2006 |
population_estimate = 205,000 (Urban)|
population_estimate_rank = 11th |
population_density = 165.3|
}}[[Image:Geelong Xmas.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Moorabool St, Geelong]]
'''Geelong''' ({{coor dm|38|09|S|144|21|E|type:city(190000)_region:AU-VIC}}) is the largest regional city in the state of [[Victoria, Australia]]. It is a [[port city]] with an urban population of 190,000 people (Source ABS) [http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Accessing_Council/City_Statistics/]. Geelong is located on [[Corio Bay]], 75 kilometres south-west of the state's capital, [[Melbourne, Australia|Melbourne]].
Its policies included the deportation of [[asylum seekers]] and the termination of [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] [[native title]]. For this reason, National Action is usually seen as [[racism|racist]] and [[xenophobia|xenophobic]]. National Action also espoused theories that a [[New World Order (conspiracy)|New World Order]] is taking over the world and must be stopped. They were accused of being a [[neo-nazi]] party as its "chairman" [[Jim Saleam|James Saleam]] Ph.D. was a member of the Australian Nazi party in the 1970s. National Action claimed, however, that it was a "[[National Bolshevik]]" party. Saleam claimed that the party was led collectively.
The city is a gateway to many renowned tourist attractions, namely the scenic [[Great Ocean Road]], the [[Shipwreck Coast]] and the [[Bellarine Peninsula]]. Geelong is also home to the second oldest [[Australian Rules]] football club in the world, the [[Geelong Football Club]], known by locals as ''The Cats''.
National Action was a fringe group that never obtained a popular following for a number of possible reasons:
Geelong is covered by the municipality of the [[City of Greater Geelong]].
* its use of [[terrorism]] and intimidation against perceived enemies and rival "racial-nationalists";
==History==
* Saleam's conviction for insurance fraud in 1988;
{{main|History of Geelong}}
* the public peception that it was a criminal gang; and
===1800's: Early settlers===
* its plans to fire-bomb a political rival's home and to murder anti-[[Apartheid]] activist [[Eddie Funde]].
Prior to white settlement, the area of Geelong was originally occupied by Aboriginal tribes, notably the [[Wautharong]] people. Lieutenant [[John Murray (Australian explorer)|John Murray]] was the first European visitor in 1802. [[William Buckley (convict)|William Buckley]], an escaped [[convict]], lived among the Wautharong people for 32 years in areas of the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, Buckley was [[pardon]]ed, and given the position of Interpreter to the natives and as a guide for Captain [[Foster Fyans]]. Fyans was commissioned as the local [[Police]] [[Magistrate]] and established himself on the Barwon River at the site of present-day area of [[Fyansford, Victoria|Fyansford]].
[[Image:CaptainFosterFyans.png|thumb|left|180px|[[Foster Fyans]]]]
Fyans constructed a [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]] to provide a sheltered harbour that became the premier wool-exporting port of the colony, and which gave name to the area now known as [[Breakwater, Victoria|Breakwater]], today an eastern industrial and residential suburb of Geelong. Fyan's ford stopped the inflow of salt water to the fresh water river, thus supplying Geelong with fresh river water. The Fyansford Hotel is located nearby to the site of Fyan's first camp.
Saleam was imprisoned in [[1991]] for the plot against Funde.
In 1849, Fyans was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council. An early settler of Geelong, [[Alexander Thomson (pioneer)|Alexander Thomson]], for which the area of Thomson in [[East Geelong, Victoria|East Geelong]] is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850 - 1858.
In the mid-[[1990s]], the success of the right wing [[One Nation Party]] led many National Action members to join One Nation to promote a broad far-right, anti-immigration agenda within the party. The subsequent implosion of One Nation (which was partially due to Saleam's machinations to take over One Nation) stymied this plan.
In recent years, attempts have been made to resurrect the party by [[Michael Brander]], a rival of Saleam. These plans have had little impact due to the loss of Dr. Saleam's credibility amongst ex-members and other "racial-nationalists", many of whom had been attacked physically or slandered by Saleam. Saleam is often said by rivals on the racial right to be of part [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] origin, an allegation which he has denied on many occasions. The violent background of Brander, convicted and fined $3000 for assaulting an Asian opponent with a flagpole in [[1995]], [http://home.mira.net/~sp/magazine/feb97/fawkner.htm] caused renewed controversy in [[2005]] when Brander's work was published in the government-funded monthly magazine ''[[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]]''. Brander's appearance there was denounced by federal [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] parliamentarian [[Michael Danby]] (Danby's condemnation was quoted by ''[[Australian Jewish News]]'' on March 18, 2005 and by ''[[The American Conservative]]'' on June 5, 2006). Meanwhile Saleam has published online his doctoral thesis [http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/otherradicalism/], an elaborate coverage of the alliances and enmities within extreme-rightist Australian movements over recent decades.
National Action co-founder David Greason's book, ''I was a Teenage Fascist'', tells of Greason's own time within the Australian neo-Nazi movement and the events behind the founding of National Action.
In 1851, gold was discovered in nearby [[Ballarat]], causing the Geelong population to grow from 8,000 to 22,000 during 1851 - 1853. The first issue of the ''[[Geelong Advertiser]]'' newspaper is published in 1857. [[HM Prison Geelong]], built using convict labour was opened in 1864.
==References==
===1900's: 20th century===
*[http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2002/2711/jack-jim.html?oneclick=true "The Tale of Jack and Jim"], by Matthew Collins, ''The Review'', November 2002. (Hostile account of Saleam, Brander, and others involved in NA.)
[[Image:Geelonglawcourts myersst.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The former Geelong Law Courts in Myers Street.]]
{{Politics of Australia}}
Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling along Pakington St, [[Geelong West]] until their demise in 1956.
[[Category:Political parties established in 1982]]
Government housing was constructed in the northern suburbs of [[Norlane, Victoria|Norlane]], [[North Shore, Victoria|North Shore]] and [[Corio, Victoria|Corio]] to provide accomodation for many low income workers at nearby [[Ford Motor Company]], [[International Harvester]], Pivot Phosphate and Jackson's Abbatoirs factories.
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Australia]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazi organizations]]
The Geelong Football Club wins premierships in 1925, 1931, 1937, 1951, 1952 and 1963. Major CBD shopping centre [[Market Square, Geelong]] was constructed in 1985, with [[Westfield Bay City]] (formerly Bay City Plaza) built in 1988.
[[Category:Racism]]
===2000's===
The [[Geelong Bypass]] [[beltway|ring road]] is planned to bypass the city of Geelong, due to begin construction in 2006.
{{See also|Timeline of Geelong history}}
{{See also|Hume and Hovell expedition}}
==Demographics==
As of 2006, there were 79,000 households, and 190,000 people residing in Geelong. The average household size is 2.67. The racial makeup of the city was 79.1% Australian born and 20.9% overseas born. Of those residing in Geelong born outside Australia, the remaining were born in [[United Kingdom]] (28.7%), [[Italy]] (6.4%), [[Netherlands]] (5.1%), [[Germany]] (4.6%), [[Croatia]] (4.5%), and [[New Zealand]] (3.1%) [http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Accessing_Council/City_Statistics/].
==Geography and climate==
[[Image:greater Geelong.png|thumb|180px|right|[[Landsat 7]] imagery of the greater Geelong area. [[Lara, Victoria|Lara]] is visible in the north, [[Grovedale, Victoria|Grovedale]] in the south-west and [[Moolap, Victoria|Moolap]] in the south-east.]]
[[Image:Geelong ___location map in Victoria.PNG|thumb|right|180px|Location of Geelong in Victoria (red)]]
Geelong is located on Corio Bay, a south-western inlet bay of [[Port Phillip]]. Geelong is surrounded by many kilometres of developed farmland and is noted for its many wineries and nearby surf beaches along the Great Ocean Road. During clear weather, the Melbourne skyline is visible from areas of Geelong when viewed across Port Phillip. The [[Barwon River, Victoria|Barwon River]] flows through the city to the the south before entering [[Bass Strait]] at [[Barwon Heads, Victoria|Barwon Heads]].
Many materials used to construct notable Victorian buildings were [[quarry|quarried]] from Geelong, such as [[bluestone]], used to construct the steps of [[Parliament House, Melbourne|Parliament House]] in Melbourne and [[sandstone]], used to construct the [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Bendigo|Sacred Heart Cathedral]] in [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]].
===Climate===
Average temperature in Geelong peaks at 25.6 [[Celsius]] (maximum) during February to a low of 14.1 (minimum). Winter temperature averages from 13.9 Celsius (daily maximum in July) to 5.1 (daily minimum). Average yearly rainfall is 551.8 mm. [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087117.shtml]
==Economy==
Geelong's major industries and employers include the [[Ford Motor Company]], [[Godfrey Hirst]], [[Target (Australia)|Target]], [[Alcoa]], [[Steggles]] and a [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] oil refinery. A [[Rail transport|rail]] network connects the Port of Geelong to nearby [[grain elevators]] and surrounding industries. Major Australian retailer, [[Target (Australia)|Target]] began operations in Geelong in 1925, with its' head office still located in its' original [[North Geelong]] premises in Thompsons Road.
The nearby town of [[Torquay, Victoria|Torquay]] is the ___location of many [[surfing]] equipment and clothing manufacturers, notably [[Rip Curl]], as well as some of Australia's finest [[surf beach]]es and the [[Surf World Museum]] [http://www.surfworld.org.au/].
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
[[Image:GGSCorio1.jpg|thumb|180px|right|The [[Geelong Grammar School]], as seen from [[Corio Bay]]. The [[You Yangs]] are visible in the background.]]
The world-renowned [[Geelong Grammar School]], whose alumni include [[Prince Charles|Charles, the Prince of Wales]], many former Australian Prime Ministers, [[Lord Broers]] (former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge), [[Alexander Downer]] (Minister of Foreign Affairs), [[John Fairfax]] (Media Proprietor), and Victorian Governor [[John Landy]]. The School attracts visitors to the Geelong region and students and staff from the world over.
[[Deakin University]] is located in [[Waurn Ponds]] and also has a campus located on the waterfront of Corio Bay in the Geelong [[Central business district|CBD]]. Also located in Geelong are the [[Gordon Institute of TAFE]], the [[Marcus Oldham Farm Management College]], the [[International Fibre Centre]], the [[Geelong College]], and the [[Kardinia International College]].
===Research laboratories===
Located in Geelong are major research laboratories, the [[CSIRO Division of Animal Health]] in [[Moolap, Victoria|Moolap]], [[CSIRO Division of Textiles and Fibres Technology]] and the [[Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute]].
===Public schools and libraries===
Geelong is serviced by many public libraries, located at Barwon Heads, Belmont, Chilwell, Corio, Drysdale, Geelong, Geelong West,
Grovedale, Highton, Newcomb, Ocean Grove, Queenscliff, and Torquay. A [[mobile library]] service travels to the greater Geelong area, the surf coast and also the Golden Plains shire for those unable to visit a library in person [http://www.geelonglibraries.vic.gov.au].
==Culture==
===Arts and entertainment===
Geelong is home to a vast number of [[pubs]], [[nightclubs]] and live music venues and has also given birth to a number of notable Australian bands and musicians such as [[Barry Crocker]], [[Magic Dirt]], [[Jeff Lang]], [[Denis Walter]], and also festivals such as the [[Meredith Music Festival]],the [[Offshore Festival]] and [[Poppykettle Festival]].
===Geelong in film===
Geelong has been used as a filming ___location for several feature films and television series:
* ''[[On the Beach]]'' ([[1959]]), final scenes filmed at [[Barwon Heads, Victoria|Barwon Heads]] [http://www.barwonheads.net/TOWN/ABOUT.HTM]
* ''[[Mad Max]]'' ([[1979]]), areas of [[Lovely Banks, Victoria|Lovely Banks]] and [[Lara, Victoria|Lara]] used for filming
* ''[[The Lighthorsemen]]'' ([[1987]])
* ''[[Everynight ... Everynight]]'' ([[1994]]), filmed at [[HM Prison Geelong]]
* ''[[SeaChange]]'' ([[1998]] - [[2002]]), filmed on ___location at Barwon Heads
* ''[[Teardrops]]'' ([[2001]])
* ''[[Ned Kelly (2003 movie)|Ned Kelly]]'' ([[2003]])
* ''[[One Perfect Day]]'' ([[2004]])
* ''[[December Boys]]'' ([[2006]]), scenes filmed in [[South Geelong, Victoria|South Geelong]] at Kardinia Pool
===Media===
The ''[[Geelong Advertiser]]'' is the second oldest continuously run newspaper in Victoria and was established in 1857. Also circulated are the free ''[[Geelong Independent]]'', and ''[[Geelong News]]'' newspapers, as well as smaller regional suburban newspapers serving the [[Bellarine Peninsula]] area. Melbourne newspapers, ''[[The Age]]'' and ''[[The Herald Sun]]'' are readily available.
Geelong does not have television broadcasting facilities and relies on broadcasts from Melbourne for [[free to air]] television reception. A set of small analogue [[UHF]] TV in-fill [[repeater]]s located at the [[Highton, Victoria|Highton]] water basin service a television reception [[black spot]] in the valley suburbs of Highton & [[Newtown, Victoria|Newtown]]. The Geelong region also receives [[cable television|cable]] and [[satellite television]] service through Pay-TV operators [[Foxtel]] & [[Neighbourhood Cable]]. [[Channel 31]] is also available.
===Radio===
Local radio stations are [[3GL (Radio station)|3GL]] (Ethnic service), [[K-Rock]] (FM), [[Rhema FM]] (Christian Community station), [[The Pulse (Geelong)|The Pulse]] (Community Radio service) and [[93.9 Bay FM|Bay FM]]. Transmitters for K-Rock, The Pulse, Rhema FM & Bay FM are located at a shared transmitter site on Mt Bellarine on the Bellarine Peninsula near [[Drysdale, Victoria|Drysdale]]. Most Melbourne radio stations can be clearly heard in Geelong.
==Visitor attractions==
[[Image:Great_ocean_road.jpg|thumb|180px|The [[Great Ocean Road]].]]
[[Image:Bells-Beach-View.JPG|thumb|180px|right|[[Bells Beach]].]]
* [[Australian International Airshow]], bi-annual event at Avalon Airport.
* [[Avalon Raceway]]
* [[Bellarine Peninsula Railway]]
* [[Bells Beach]], home to the [[Bells Beach Surf Classic]] during Easter since 1973
* [[Eastern Beach, Victoria|Eastern Beach]] - developed waterfront featuring a [[promenade]] walkway, enclosed swimming pool and an enclosed [[carousel]].
* [[Ford Discovery Centre]], Ford Motor Company museum
* [[Geelong Botantic Gardens]]
* [[Geelong Grammar School]]
* [[Great Ocean Road]] - world class scenic tourist drive
* [[HM Prison Geelong]] - historic prison built by convict labour, closed in [[1991]]
* [[Kardinia Park]] - Home ground to the [[Geelong Football Club]]
* [[You Yangs]] - granite peak near [[Lara, Victoria|Lara]]
==Notable people from Geelong==
{| style="background-color: transparent; width: {{{width|100%}}}"
| width="{{{width|50%}}}" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" |
* [[Kate Allen]], triathlete
* [[Christina Amphlett]], lead singer of [[The Divinyls]]
* [[Felicity Andersen]], actress
* [[William Buckley (convict)|William Buckley]], escaped convict who lived on the Bellarine Peninsula for 32 years
* [[Arthur Coles]], ([[1892]]–[[1982]]), businessman and philanthropist
* [[Barry Crocker]], singer and actor
* [[Nathan Deakes]], Olympic walker
* [[Frank De Stefano]], former Mayor imprisoned for 10 years in 2003 on fraud charges involving [[AUD]]$8.3 million
* [[Joey Didulica]], soccer goalkeeper
* [[Robert Doyle]], politician
* [[Trish Fallon]], Women's basketballer
* [[Keith Faure]], first murder conviction related to the [[Melbourne gangland killings]]
* [[Bev Francis]], powerlifting world champion athlete
* [[Helen Garner]], novelist and journalist
* [[James Harrison (engineer)|James Harrison]], ([[1816]]–[[1893]]), engineer
* [[Lindsay Hassett]], ([[1913]]–[[1993]]), Australian Cricketer
| width="{{{width|50%}}}" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" |
* [[Robert Ingpen]], author and illustrator
* [[Jeff Lang]], musician
* [[Graeme Lloyd]], Major League Baseball player
* [[Russell Mockridge]], ([[1928]]–[[1958]]), cyclist
* [[Craig Mottram]], Olympic athlete
* [[Andrew Olexander]], politician
* [[Francis Ormond]], pastoralist and philanthropist
* [[Guy Pearce]], actor
* [[Ian Redpath]], Australian Cricketer
* [[Portia de Rossi]], actress
* [[Marisa Siketa]], actress
* [[Daryl Somers]], television personality
* [[Caitlin Stasey]], actress
* [[Arthur Streeton]], artist
* [[Alexander Thomson (pioneer)|Alexander Thomson]], pioneer, settler and mayor
* [[Lee Troop]], Olympic marathon runner
* [[Denis Walter]], television personality
|}
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[Image:P3210003.JPG|thumb|180px|''MV Sorrento''|The [[Searoad ferry]] links [[Queenscliff, Victoria|Queenscliff]], on the [[Bellarine Peninsula]] to [[Sorrento, Victoria|Sorrento]] on the [[Mornington Peninsula]].]]
Geelong is serviced by local bus routes covering the city centre and most surrounding suburbs. Taxi and hire car services are also available. Pakington Street in [[Geelong West, Victoria|Geelong West]] was served by an [[tram|electric tramway]] service until 1956, when the service was replaced by buses subcontracted out to Bender Buslines (currently owned by [[Kefford Corporation]]). Current buslines are operated under the government transport initiative, the Geelong Transit System, currently contracted to Bender Buslines and McHarry Buslines.
Hourly [[V/Line]] train services to Melbourne depart the [[Geelong railway station, Victoria|Geelong railway station]] and also run to to [[Warrnambool, Victoria|Warrnambool]] twice daily. Train travel time from Geelong to Melbourne Spencer St Station is approx 60 minutes making it a popular alternative to driving for Geelong residents working in the Melbourne area. Train services between Melbourne and Geelong received a government funded upgrade during 2005 called the [[Regional Fast Rail project]], with new high speed locomotives called V'locity 160 manufactured by Bombardier in [[Dandenong, Victoria|Dandenong]] scheduled to service the Geelong to Melbourne line beginning in 2006.
A [[Geelong Bypass|ring road]] is in planning stages to bypass the greater Geelong metropolitan area. The bypass will begin leave the Princes Highway near [[Lara, Victoria|Lara]] and rejoin the highway near Waurn Ponds and is due to begin construction in 2006. The [[Bellarine Peninsula]] links to the [[Mornington Peninsula]] via the [[Searoad ferry]] which runs hourly. [[Avalon Airport]] is appeoximately 15 kilometres to the north-east. Geelong also has many kilometres of [[bike trail]]s covering most of the city and the Bellarine Peninsula.
===Airports===
* Avalon Airport is located in [[Avalon, Victoria]] to the north of the city of Geelong. The airport is designed to cater for jet aircraft, and comprises a single runway. It was originally constructed in 1953, to cater for the production of military aircraft. In 1959, Qantas established a training base at the site, and the runway was extended to cater for jet aircraft, becoming, for some years, the longest in the Southern Hemisphere. It continued to be used to build military aircraft until the 1980s, and for aircraft maintenance until 1996. Avalon Airport is also home to low cost aircraft [[Jetstar]] owned by [[QANTAS]]. QANTAS aircraft servicing has moved from [[Kingsford Smith International Airport]] in Sydney.
* [[Geelong Airport]] is a small airfield specifically for light aircraft located in [[Mount Duneed, Victoria|Mount Duneed]]. It is primarily used for scenic flights and private aircraft.
==Sports==
[[Image:Geelongspeedtrials.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Geelong Speed Trials at [[Eastern Beach, Victoria|Eastern Beach]].]]
Geelong is home to an [[Australian Football League|AFL]] club, the [[Geelong Football Club]], the second oldest football club in the world, and for many years the only [[VFL]] club to exist outside of the greater Melbourne metropolitan area. The local basketball team is the [[Geelong Supercats]]. During the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]], ''The Arena'' stadium in North Geelong was used for basketball matches.
The [[Eastern Beach]] foreshore and nearby [[Eastern Gardens]] is used to host internationally televised [[triathlon]] events, as well an annual [[sports car]] and [[racing car]] events such as the [[Geelong Speed Trials]] [http://www.geelongspeedtrials.com]. Corio Bay also hosts many sailing and yachting events.
Geelong also boasts many golf courses, sporting and recreation ovals and playing fields, as well as facilities for water skiing, rowing, fishing, hiking, greyhound racing, trots, and horse racing.
==Sister cities==
Geelong has a number of [[sister cities]]. They are:
* [[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px|]] [[Lianyungang]], [[China]]
* [[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|20px|]] [[Izumiotsu, Osaka|Izumiotsu]], [[Japan]]
==See also==
* [[Committee for Geelong]]
* [[List of postcodes in Geelong]]
* [[Poppykettle Festival]]
==External links==
*[http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/ Geelong City Council Website]
*[http://www.intown.com.au/ Intown - Geelong City Guide]
{{Victorian cities}}
{{Geelong suburbs}}
[[Category:1910 establishments]]
[[Category:Cities in Victoria]]
[[Category:Coastal cities in Australia]]
[[Category:Geelong|1]]
[[Category:Port cities]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Victoria]]
[[de:Geelong]]
[[fr:Geelong]]
[[fi:Geelong]]
[[sv:Geelong]]
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