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[[Image:Ho Man Tin.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Fat Kwong Street in Ho Man Tin]]
{{otheruses3|Hamilton (Disambiguation)}}
'''Ho Man Tin''' ({{zh-t|t=何文田}}, [[Pinyin]]: Hewentian) or '''Ho Mun Tin''' is a mostly residential area in [[Kowloon]], [[Hong Kong]], part of the [[Kowloon City District]].
<!-- Infobox begins !-->
{{Infobox City
|official_name = City of Hamilton
|nickname = Ambitious City, City of Waterfalls, Electric City, Green City, The Hammer, Hammertown, Lunch Bucket City, Steeltown & Tigertown
|motto = Together Aspire - Together Achieve
|image_skyline = Hamilton-5145.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption =
|image_map = ontham.PNG
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = Location in the province of Ontario, Canada
|image_flag = HamiltonOnflag.png
|image_shield = Hamiltoncoatofarms.png <!--Please note: This image has proven fair use, please do not subst with an image of uncertain copyright. -->
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Canada]] [[Image:Flag_of_Canada.svg|25px]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ontario.svg|25px]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Fred Eisenberger]]
|leader_title1 = [[City Council]]
|leader_name1 = [[Hamilton City Council]]
|leader_title2 = Representatives
|leader_name2 = [[List of politicians in Hamilton, Ontario|5 MPs and 5 MPPs]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = June 9, 1846 <ref name=1846est>Provincial Statutes of Canada 1846 9° vict. pg 981 Chapter LXXIII. An Act to ammend the Act incorporating the Town of Hamilton, and to erect the same into a City.</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_footnotes =<ref name="C2001CAHAM">{{cite web |url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3525005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All| title=Community Highlights for Hamilton (City) |accessdate=2006-12-04 |format=html |work=2001 Canadian Census }}</ref>
|TotalArea_sq_mi = 439.4
|area_total = 1138.11 <!-- Added land to water figure -->
|LandArea_sq_mi = 431.3
|area_land = 1117.11
 
The area is said to be named after a street, which in turn was named after a person of the same name.
|WaterArea_sq_mi = 8.1
|area_water = 21 <!-- City of Hamilton GIS: Cootes paradise(2.30), Harbour(20.70)-->
|UrbanArea_sq_mi = 87.9
|area_urban = 227.70
|MetroArea_sq_mi = 529.6
|area_metro = 1371.76
|population_as_of = 2001
|population_footnotes = <ref name="C2001CAHAM"/><ref name="C2001CAHAMT">{{cite web |url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-UA-P.cfm?T=1&PR=35&SR=101&S=1&O=A|title=Population and Dwelling Counts and Population Rank, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Urban Areas (CMA) |accessdate=2006-12-04 |format=html |work=2001 Canadian Census}}</ref><ref name="C2001CMAHAM">{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=537__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All |title=Community Highlights for Hamilton (CMA)
|accessdate=2006-12-04 |format=html |work=2001 Canadian Census}}</ref>
|population_note =
|population_total = 490268<!-- <ref name="C2001CAHAM"/> -->
|population_density = 438.9<!-- <ref name="C2001CAHAM"/> -->
|population_density_mi2 = 1136.8<!--Converted from 438.9/sq km-->
|population_urban = 618820 <!-- <ref name="C2001CAHAMT"/> -->
|population_metro = 662401<!-- <ref name="C2001CMAHAM"/> -->
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|postal_code_type = Postal code span
|postal_code = L8E to L8W
|area_code = [[Area code 905/289|(905) and (289)]]
|latd=43 |latm=15 |lats=19 |latNS=N
|longd=79 |longm=52 |longs=23 |longEW=W
|elevation = 75&ndash; 324 <!-- min is lake ontario, max in flamborough near mountsberg resevoir as per City of Hamilton GIS -->
|elevation_ft = 246&ndash;1063
|website = http://www.city.hamilton.on.ca/
|footnotes =
}} <!-- Infobox ends, Revision: 1.2 !-->
 
'''Hamilton''' (pronounced: '''[[IPA]]''' /{{IPA|'hæməlˌtɪn}}/) is a city located in the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Ontario]]. It is the [[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|fourth]] largest municipality and centre of the third largest metropolitan area in Ontario<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm?sdi=population|title=Population of census metropolitan areas|work=2001 Census|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>.
 
Residents, known as Hamiltonians<ref name=HAM100>{{cite book|title=The Hamiltonians, 100 Fascinating Lives |first=Margaret |last=Houghton |publisher=James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Publishers Toronto|pg=6|year=[[2003]]|id= ISBN 1-55028-804-0}}</ref>, enjoy a mix of geographic terrain with a [[Hamilton Harbour|harbour]] that has been called one of the most beautiful naturally formed in the world. The Niagara Escarpment and converted rail trails offer opportunities for photography, hiking and cycling.
 
Its nicknames &mdash; all relating to its waning days as a major industrial centre with steel giants, [[Stelco]]<ref name=stelco>{{cite web| title = Stelco| url=http://www.stelco.com//| accessdate = 2006-12-31}}</ref> and [[Dofasco]]<ref name=dofasco>{{cite web| title = Dofasco| url=http://www.dofasco.ca//| accessdate = 2006-12-31}}</ref> &mdash; include the ''"Ambitious City"'', ''"the Hammer"'', ''"Hammertown"'', ''"Lunch Bucket City"'', ''"Steeltown"'' and ''"Tigertown"''.<ref name=memproj2>{{cite press release| title = "Tigertown Triumphs"| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56-MP68| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> However, health care has outstripped heavy industry as the largest employer. Moreover, the education, government, services and technology sectors have developed as heavy industry has declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.city.hamilton.on.ca/business/report_etop.asp?Thr=100/|title=Top 100 Employers in Hamilton, Ontario|accessdate=2006-12-29}}</ref> Hamilton in the past has been regarded the ''"Birmingham of Canada"'' or the ''"Pittsburgh of Canada"'' and as the title of a 1906 promotional booklet on the city proudly proclaimed, "''The Electric City''". <ref name=HAMBIO2>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol II, 1876-1924)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1991]]}}</ref> Hamilton has at least 80 waterfalls — some of which are well known, particularly in local neighbourhoods. As recently as 1999, the city has also been nicknamed “''The City of Waterfalls''”.<ref name=WATERFALLS>{{cite web| title = Hamilton - The City of Waterfalls| url=http://www.hamiltonnature.org/localspecies/waterfalls_intro.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref> Hamilton is one of 11 cities showcased in the new book, "''Green City'': People, Nature & Urban Places" by Quebec author Mary Soderstrom.<ref name=GREENCITY>{{cite book| last = Soderstrom| first = Mary| title = Green City: People, Nature & Urban Places| publisher = Independent Pub Group| date = [[2006]]| isbn = 1550652079}}</ref> Hamilton was selected as it offers a unique example of how an industrial powerhouse can nurture nature. She credits [[Thomas McQueston]] and family in the 1930s who "became champions of parks, greenspace and roads" in Hamilton.<ref name=GREENCITY2>{{cite news | last = Lawson| first = B.| title = GREEN CITY| page = Go 7| publisher = The Hamilton Spectator| date = [[2007-01-26]]| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref>
 
Hamilton has built on its historical and social background. Interesting attractions include a museum of aircraft ([[Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum]])<ref name=WARPLANE>{{cite web| title = Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum| publisher= John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport| url=http://secure.warplane.com/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref>, a stately residence of a Prime Minister of [[Upper Canada]] ([[Dundurn Castle]])<ref name=dundurn>{{cite web| title = Dundurn Castle|url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CityandGovernment/CultureandRecreation/Arts_Culture_And_Museums/HamiltonCivicMuseums/Dundurn/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref>, a functioning [[nuclear reactor]] at [[McMaster University]]<ref name=MacU>{{cite web| title = McMaster University| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref>, a [[horticulture|horticultural]] haven ([[Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario|Royal Botanical Gardens]]),<ref name=RBG>{{cite web| title = Royal Botanical Gardens| url=http://www.rbg.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref> the [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]],<ref name=CFLHALL>{{cite web| title = Canadian Football Hall-of-Fame Museum| url=http://www.footballhof.com/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref> [[African Lion Safari]]<ref name=SAFARI>{{cite web| title = African Lion Safari| url=http://www.lionsafari.com/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref> and [[Christ the King Cathedral (Hamilton)|Christ the King Cathedral]].<ref name=Cathedral>{{cite web| title = Christ the King Cathedral Hamilton| url=http://www.christthekingcathedral.org/| accessdate = 2007-01-15}}</ref>
 
==History==
The area of Ho Man Tin was quite different from the present-day context. The proper Ho Man Tin was considered as the heart of the present-day [[Mong Kok]]. With cultivated lands,
{{Main|History of Hamilton, Ontario}}
it was bounded north by [[Argyle Street, Hong Kong|Argyle Street]], west by [[Coronation Road]] (present-day [[Nathan Road, Hong Kong|Nathan Road]]), and east by the hills. To its southeast is [[Fo Pang]] and north Mong Kok. Stream from the hills east offered water from cultivation. The last Chinese character ''tin'' (田, field) reflects the cultivation.
{{seealso|Historical Timeline of events in Hamilton, Ontario|Economic History of Hamilton, Ontario}}
Like most of the Americas south of the tree line, the original inhabitants of the Hamilton area were [[First Nations|Indians]]. The first European to visit what is now Hamilton was probably [[Étienne Brûlé]] in [[1616]]. [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|Robert de LaSalle]] also visited the area, a fact commemorated at a park in nearby [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]]. <ref name=HAMBIO1a>{{cite book|title=Étienne Brûlé Biography- Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=29|year=[[1981]]}}</ref><ref name=BRULE>{{cite web| title = Étienne Brûlé Biography: Dictionary of Canadian Biography| url=http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=34217| accessdate = 2007-01-16}}</ref>
[[Image:ANMacNab.jpg|thumb|left|Sir [[Allan MacNab]]]]
In pre-colonial times, the [[Neutral Indian]]s occupied most of the land but were gradually driven out by the [[Six Nations|Five (later Six) Nations]] or ‘’’Iroquois’’’ who were allied with British against the French and their Indian allies the [[Huron]]. A member of the Iroquois Confederacy provided the route and name for [[Mohawk nation|Mohawk Road]] on Hamilton Mountain and the route for what would become King Street in the Lower City.
 
In the 1950s and 1960s, hills near Ho Man Tin became a resettlement area full of refugees from China. When the hilly east built [[Ho Man Tin Estate]], the area became present-day Ho Man Tin.
The town of Hamilton was conceived by [[George Hamilton (politician)|George Hamilton]] when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the [[War of 1812]]. Nathaniel Hughson, a property owner to the north, cooperated with George Hamilton to prepare a proposal for a courthouse and jail on Hamilton's property. Hamilton offered the land to the crown for the future site. [[James Durand]], the local Member of the British Legislative Assembly, was empowered by Hughson and Hamilton to sell property holdings which later became the site of the town. As he had been instructed, Durand circulated the offers at York during a session of the Legislative Assembly and a new [[Gore District, Ontario|Gore District]] was established of which the Hamilton town site was a member. As such, Hamilton's future seemed to be shaped by a private collaboration of Hamilton, Hughson and Durand.<ref name="WEAVER1985">{{cite book |pages="15-16"|last= Weaver |first= John C. |title= Hamilton: an illustrated history |publisher= James Lorimer & Company, Publishers |year=[[1985]] |id= ISBN 0-88862-593-6 cloth}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
It is close to Argyle Street and Kowloon Hospital. The area was within the district of the Kowloon City police station.
Sir [[Allan McNab]] (1798-1862), was a soldier, lawyer, businessman, knight and former Prime Minister of Upper Canada. His stately 72 room home in Hamilton, [[Dundurn Castle]], is now open to the public. Sir Allan MacNab completed Dundurn Castle, his stately home, in 1835. <ref name=macnab>{{cite book| last = Bailey| first = Melville| title = The History of Dundurn Castle and Sir Allan MacNab | date = [[1987]] (reprint)| pages = 1-38}}</ref> MacNab Street and Sir Allan Macnab Secondary School are named after him. Sir Allan is a direct ancestor of HRH The [[Duchess of Cornwall]].<ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref>
[[Image:Gore_Park.jpg|thumb|Downtown Hamilton at Gore Park]]
[[Image:1899Winton.jpg|thumb|A [[Winton]] driven by John Moodie]]
Initially the Town of Hamilton was not the most important centre of the [[Gore District, Ontario|Gore District]]. A permanent jail was not constructed until [[1832]] when a cut-stone design was completed on one of the two squares created in [[1816]], Prince's Square.<ref name="WEAVER1985"/> Subsequently, the first police board and the town limits were defined by statute on [[February 13]] [[1833]].<ref>Statutes of Upper Canada, [[1833]] 3° William IV pg. 58-68. Chapter XVII An act to define the Limits of the Town of Hamilton, in the District of Gore, and to establish a Police and Public Market therein.</ref> Official City status was achieved on [[June 9]] [[1846]].<ref name=1846est/> Two other important events took place in Hamilton in 1846. The first telegraph wire in Canada is strung between Hamilton and Toronto on December of [[1846]].<ref name=headlake>{{cite web| title =Chronolgy of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Ontario| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/twps.html| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> Secondly; ''The Hamilton Spectator'' newspaper was born. (still going strong today in January 2007). <ref name=CANTIM>{{cite web| title = United Province of Canada Timeline Canadian Encyclopedia| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCETimelineBrowse&Params=A3PER22SRT1| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> The following year in [[1847]] [[Colin Campbell Ferrie]] became Hamilton's first Mayor.<ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref>
 
==Streets and Places in Ho Man Tin==
The [[Great Western Railway (Ontario)]] became Hamilton’s first functioning railway in [[1854]]. Completion of this railway and the Niagara Suspension Bridge transformed Hamilton into a major centre and part of the American immigration route from [[New York]] or [[Boston]] to [[Chicago]] or [[Milwaukee]].<ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref>
*Ho Man Tin Hill
*Kadoorie Hill
*Waterloo Hill
*Ho Man Tin Estate
*Ho Man Tin South Estate
*[[King's Park, Hong Kong|King's Park]]
*Oi Man Estate
*Sheung Shing Street
*Perth Street
*Soares Ave.
*Victory Ave.
*Peace Ave.
 
==Community Facilities==
Some other noteworthy events shaped Hamilton's early years. The [[Grand Lodge of Canada]] was formed in Hamilton on 10 November 1855.<ref name=GRANDLODGE>{{cite web| title = Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario| url=http://www.grandlodge.on.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> In 1874, the [[Hamilton Street Railway]] (HSR) began offering horse-drawn public transportation.<ref name=HSRhistory>{{cite web|url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/hamilton-on.html |title=Transit History in Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=2007-01-07}}</ref><ref name=HSRhistory2>{{cite web|url= http://ca.geocities.com/hamiltontransithistory@rogers.com/|title= Hamilton Transit History|accessdate=2007-01-08}}</ref> In [[1884]] The [[Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway]] was incorporated.<ref name=headlake>{{cite web| title =Chronolgy of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Ontario| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/twps.html| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> In [[1894]] Hamilton Herald newspaper and cigar store owner Billy Carroll established the Around the Bay Road Race. Although it is not a proper [[marathon]], it eventually becomes the longest continuously held long distance foot race in North America.<ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref> In [[1898]] The first automobile driven in Canada was by textile manufacturer [[John Moodie]]; A one-cylinder [[Winton (automobile)|Winton]] he imported from [[Cleveland]]. John Moodie was also one of the founders of Canada's automobile club, the ''Hamilton Automobile Club'', which was founded in [[1903]] when there were 18 cars in town. By [[1920]], there were 6,000 and Hamilton's ratio of one car for every 15 people was higher than that of New York, Chicago, Boston or Toronto.<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref>
*Perth Street Sports Ground
 
==Public Services==
In [[1922]] [[CKOC]] radio station started up. Today it is the oldest radio station in English Canada; second oldest overall. On the air since May 1, 1922.<ref name=CKOC>{{cite web| title = CKOC Radio Official web site| url=http://www.oldies1150.com/| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> Then in [[1927]] [[CHML]] began operations as a response to censorship of political discussions by Hamilton's first radio station, CKOC. The original owners were Maple Leaf Radio Company, and the "HML" in the callsign stood for "Hamilton Maple Leaf". Today (January 2007) it is the flagship radio station of Hamilton.<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref>
*Kowloon Central Library
 
*Kowloon Hospital
[[1930]] was a huge year for Hamilton. The first [[British Empire Games]] - now the [[Commonwealth Games]] - were held in Hamilton in [[1930]] as a result of the efforts of [[Melville Marks Robinson]].<ref name=memproj2>{{cite press release| title = "Tigertown Triumphs"| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56-MP68| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> [[McMaster University]] moved to Hamilton from Toronto in [[1930]].<ref name=HAMBIO3>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol III, 1925-1939)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1992]]}}</ref> Also in [[1930]], [[Besha Starkman]] (the wife of bootlegger/ gangster [[Rocco Perri]]) was murdered on 13 August, 1930.<ref name=HAMBIO3>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol III, 1925-1939)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1992]]}}</ref> The following year in [[1931]] Canada's first birth control clinic starts up in Hamilton, as the advocates of birth control, led by Mary (Chambers) Hawkins, the American wife of a prominent city executive, and aided by some of Hamilton society's leading women, it aimed to meet the needs of people whose health and family lives suffered tremendously during the Great Depression.<ref name=HAMBIO3>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol III, 1925-1939)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1992]]}}</ref> Hamilton's [[Ray Lewis]] captures Bronze medal at 1932 Summer Olympics in L.A. (Track & Field), becoming the very first Canadian-born Black Olympic medalist.<ref name=memproj2>{{cite press release| title = "Tigertown Triumphs"| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> As war clouds gathered over [[Europe]], Britain decided to shore up its support in the [[Dominions]] by having a royal visit to Canada. When [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] and his consort [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth]] visited Canada in May and June of 1939, they stopped in Hamilton and also opened up the [[QEW]] (Queen Elizabeth Expressway). <ref name=qew>{{cite web| last = Bessert| first = Christopher J.| title = Ontario Provincial Highways, 400-427 + QEW| url=http://members.aol.com/hwys/OntHwys/OntHwys400-QEW.html| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref>
*Kowloon Rehabilitation Centre
[[Image:HamiltonPublicLibrary.JPG|thumb|Hamilton's Central Library was opened in 1980 by [[Prince Philip]]<ref name=Library>{{cite web| title = Hamilton's Central Library opened up by Prince Philip in 1980|url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/LibraryServices/AboutTheLibrary/hplhistory.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref>
*[[Hong Kong Housing Authority]] Headquarters
.]]
*[[Hong Kong Housing Authority Exhibition Centre]]
The end of the streetcar era in Hamilton came in the early hours of April 6, [[1951]] when the Belt Line route was abandoned, car 519 making the last revenue run. Even though it no longer operated on railway tracks, the name [[Hamilton Street Railway]] continued to be used, and is still used today.<ref name=HSRhistory>{{cite web|url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/hamilton-on.html |title=Transit History in Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=2007-01-07}}</ref><ref name=HSRhistory2>{{cite web|url= http://ca.geocities.com/hamiltontransithistory@rogers.com/|title= Hamilton Transit History|accessdate=2007-01-08}}</ref> In [[1954]] [[CHCH]] TV began broadcasting as a [[CBC]] affiliate from a transmitter located at 481 First Road West in Stoney Creek. At the time, all private stations were required to be CBC affiliates. <ref name=chtv>{{cite web| title = CH TV Hamilton History| url=http://www.canada.com/chtv/hamilton/info/history.html| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> Then in [[1961]] [[CHCH]] disaffiliated from the [[CBC]] and became an independent TV station.<ref name=chtv>{{cite web| title = CH TV Hamilton History| url=http://www.canada.com/chtv/hamilton/info/history.html| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> The [[Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway]], originally called the Burlington Bay Skyway Bridge and referred to locally as simply the Skyway Bridge, is located in Hamilton and Burlington. The Skyway, as it locally known, is part of the Queen Elizabeth Expressway (freeway) linking Fort Erie with Toronto in Ontario. The first bridge was completed in [[1958]].<ref name=skyway>{{cite web| title = History of the James N. Allan Skyway Bridge| url=http://members.aol.com/Hwys/OntHwys/OntHwysQEWHist2.html| accessdate = 2007-01-08}}</ref>
 
Four well known Canadian businesses got their start in Hamilton. First, In [[1847]], Hugh Cossart Baker, Sr. establishes the first life insurance company in Canada; the [[Canada Life Assurance Company]].<ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref> second, in [[1934]] Hamilton is the birthplace of [[Canadian Tire Corporation]]. Two brothers John W. Billes and Alfred J. Biles with a combined savings of $1,800, buy Hamilton Tire and Garage Ltd. and rename it "Canadian Tire" because it sounds big. (1934-first official associate store opens up in Hamilton Ontario).<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> Third, In [[1956]] Hamilton was the birthplace of the [http://www.pioneer.ca// Pioneer] gas station. November 29, 1956, on Upper James street. Today (January 2007) there are over 140 locations across Ontario (8% market share in Ontario) making it one of Canada's largest independent gasoline retailers.<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref> Fourth, Hamilton became the birthplace of the [[Tim Hortons]] chain in [[1964]]. The original store ("Store #1") still operates on Ottawa Street. <ref name=Hortons>{{cite web| title = Tim Horton's Official History| url=http://www.timhortons.com/en/pdfs/en_media_kit.pdf| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref>
 
The Hamilton's Central Library has one of the nation's largest history departments. It is home to ever expanding archives full of relics, yearbooks, trophies and maps of Hamilton. The Library opened up in [[1980]]. Hamilton is also home to seven historical societies. They are: Beverly Heritage Society, Dundas Valley Historical Society, Glanbrook Heritage Society, Hamilton Mountain Heritage Society, Head-of-the-Lake Historical Society, Stoney Creek Historical Society and Waterdown East-Flamborough Heritage Society.<ref name=memproj3>{{cite press release| title = "Gone, gone, gone: From Shorty Greens to Paddy Greene's, landmarks are vanishing "| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP46| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref><ref name=dundas>{{cite web| last = Nowak| first = Stan| title = Dundas Valley Historical Society| url=http://www.unityserve.org/dundashistory/| accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref><ref name=glanbrook>{{cite web| title = Glanbrook Heritage Society| url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CityandGovernment/ProjectsInitiatives/V2020/ActionsImplementation/CommunityAction/GlanbrookHeritageSociety.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref><ref name=headoflake>{{cite web| last = Kuzyk| first = Paul| title = Head-of-the-Lake Historical Society| url=http://www.headofthelake.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref><ref name=flamborough>{{cite web| title = Waterdown east-Flamborough Heritage Society| url=http://www.wefhs.hamilton.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref>
 
==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{seealso|Infrastructure of Hamilton, Ontario|List of neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario}}
[[Image:Niagara Escarpment in Red.png|thumb|[[Niagara Escarpment]] & the Great Lakes]]
[[Image:Onthamgglmap.PNG|thumb|Satellite image of Hamilton.]]
[[Image:Waterdawn Webster Falls5.jpg|thumb|Webster's Falls.]]
Hamilton is located on the western end of the [[Niagara Peninsula]] and wraps around the westernmost part of [[Lake Ontario]], most of the city including the downtown section are on the south shore. Situated in the geographic centre of the [[Golden Horseshoe]] and is roughly the midway point between Toronto and Buffalo. The major physical features are Hamilton Harbour marking the northern limit of the city and the [[Niagara Escarpment]] running through the middle of the city across its entire breadth, bisecting the city into 'upper' and 'lower' parts. <ref name=about>{{cite web| last = Seward| first = Carrie| title = About Hamilton; Physical features| url=http://www.ueyhamilton.ca/| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref>
 
[[Burlington Bay]] is a natural harbour with a large sandbar called the Beachstrip. This sandbar was deposited during a period of higher lake levels during the last ice age, and extends southeast through the central lower city to the escarpment. Hamilton's deep sea port is accessed by ship canal through the beach strip into the harbour and is traversed by two bridges, the QEW's [[Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway]] and the lower Canal Lift Bridge.<ref name=Bay>{{cite web| title = Burlington Bay/ Beach strip, Hamilton harbour, Skyway Bridge| url=http://beachvideo.info/| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref>
 
<!--Infobox begins--><center>{{Infobox Weather
|metric_first= Yes
|___location = Hamilton, Ontario
|Jan_Hi_°F = 31
|Feb_Hi_°F = 31
|Mar_Hi_°F = 39
|Apr_Hi_°F = 53
|May_Hi_°F = 65
|Jun_Hi_°F = 76
|Jul_Hi_°F = 82
|Aug_Hi_°F = 80
|Sep_Hi_°F = 71
|Oct_Hi_°F = 59
|Nov_Hi_°F = 45
|Dec_Hi_°F = 32
|Year_Hi_°F = 54
|Jan_Hi_°C = -0.5<!--not reported by source but °F was, so converted-->
|Feb_Hi_°C = -0.5<!--not reported by source but °F was, so converted-->
|Mar_Hi_°C = 3
|Apr_Hi_°C = 11
|May_Hi_°C = 18
|Jun_Hi_°C = 24
|Jul_Hi_°C = 27
|Aug_Hi_°C = 26
|Sep_Hi_°C = 21
|Oct_Hi_°C = 15
|Nov_Hi_°C = 7
|Dec_Hi_°C = 1
|Year_Hi_°C = 13
|Jan_Lo_°F = 15
|Feb_Lo_°F = 14
|Mar_Lo_°F = 22
|Apr_Lo_°F = 34
|May_Lo_°F = 44
|Jun_Lo_°F = 54
|Jul_Lo_°F = 60
|Aug_Lo_°F = 57
|Sep_Lo_°F = 51
|Oct_Lo_°F = 40
|Nov_Lo_°F = 30
|Dec_Lo_°F = 20
|Year_Lo_°F = 37
|Jan_Lo_°C = -9
|Feb_Lo_°C = -10
|Mar_Lo_°C = -5
|Apr_Lo_°C = 1
|May_Lo_°C = 6
|Jun_Lo_°C = 12
|Jul_Lo_°C = 15
|Aug_Lo_°C = 13
|Sep_Lo_°C = 10
|Oct_Lo_°C = 4
|Nov_Lo_°C = -1
|Dec_Lo_°C = -6
|Year_Lo_°C = 2
|Jan_Precip_inch = 2.7
|Feb_Precip_inch = 2.4
|Mar_Precip_inch = 2.7
|Apr_Precip_inch = 2.3
|May_Precip_inch = 2.6
|Jun_Precip_inch = 3.1
|Jul_Precip_inch = 2.3
|Aug_Precip_inch = 2.9
|Sep_Precip_inch = 2.6
|Oct_Precip_inch = 2.6
|Nov_Precip_inch = 2.6
|Dec_Precip_inch = 2.5
|Year_Precip_inch = 30.9
|Jan_Precip_cm = 6 |Jan_Precip_mm =
|Feb_Precip_cm = 6 |Feb_Precip_mm =
|Mar_Precip_cm = 6 |Mar_Precip_mm =
|Apr_Precip_cm = 5 |Apr_Precip_mm =
|May_Precip_cm = 5 |May_Precip_mm =
|Jun_Precip_cm = 6 |Jun_Precip_mm =
|Jul_Precip_cm = 7 |Jul_Precip_mm =
|Aug_Precip_cm = 5 |Aug_Precip_mm =
|Sep_Precip_cm = 7 |Sep_Precip_mm =
|Oct_Precip_cm = 6 |Oct_Precip_mm =
|Nov_Precip_cm = 6 |Nov_Precip_mm =
|Dec_Precip_cm = 6 |Dec_Precip_mm =
|Year_Precip_cm = 78 |Year_Precip_mm =
 
|source =Weatherbase <ref name=climate>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=114737&refer=&units=metric Climate of Hamilton, Ontario], Weatherbase. Retrieved on [[2006]]-[[December 25|12-25]].</ref>
|accessdate = Dec 25, 2006
}}</center><!--Infobox ends-->
<center>The climate of Hamilton is humid continental (Dfa type) and relatively mild compared with most Canadian cities.</center>
 
Between [[1788]]-and-[[1793]] The townships at the Head-of-the-Lake were surveyed and named. The area was first known as The Head-of-the-Lake for its ___location at the western end of Lake Ontario.<ref name=headlake>{{cite web| title =Chronolgy of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Ontario| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/twps.html| accessdate = 2007-01-13}}</ref> John Ryckman, born in Barton township (where present day downtown Hamilton is), described the area in [[1803]] as he remembered it: "The city in 1803 was all forest. The shores of the bay were difficult to reach or see because they were hidden by a thick, almost impenetrable mass of trees and undergrowth...Bears at pigs, so settlers warred on bears. Wolves gobbled sheep and geese, so they hunted and trapped wolves. They also held organized raids on rattlesnakes on the mountainside. There was plenty of game. Many a time have I seen a deer jump the fence into my back yard, and there were millions of pigeons which we clubbed as they flew low."<ref name=barton2>{{cite web| title =A History of the city of Hamilton| url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/hamhist.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref>
 
[[George Hamilton (politician)|George Hamilton]], a settler and local politician, established a town site in the northern portion Barton Township after the war in [[1815]]. He kept several east-west roads which were originally Indian trails, but the north-south streets were on a regular grid pattern. Mr. Hamilton named many of the streets after his offspring, including James, John, Catherine and Mary. Streets were designated "East" or "West" if they crossed James Street or King’s Highway No. 6. Streets were designated "North" or "South" if they crossed King Street or King’s Highway No. 8. <ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref> The overall design of the townsite, likely conceived in [[1816]], was commonplace. George Hamilton employed a grid street pattern used in most towns in [[Upper Canada]] and throughout the American frontier. The eighty original lots had frontages of fifty feet; each lot faced a broad street and backed onto a twelve foot lane. It took at least a decade for all of the original lots to be sold, but the construction of the ''Burlington Canal'' in [[1823]], and a new court-house in [[1827]] encouraged Hamilton to add more blocks around 1828-9. At this time, he included a market square in an effort to draw commercial activity onto his lands, but the natural growth of the town was to the north of Hamilton's plot.<ref name=Hamilton2>{{cite web| last = Weaver| first = John C.| title = Dictionary of Canadian Biography: George Hamilton| url=http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=37546| accessdate = 2007-01-13}}</ref>
 
There are a number of parks found along the Niagara Escarpment, of which [[Hamilton Mountain]] is a part of. This ridge which runs from [[Tobermory, Ontario|Tobermory]] at the tip of the [[Bruce Peninsula]] in the north, to [[Queenston]] at the [[Niagara River]] in the south, provides spectacular views of the cities and towns at the western end of Lake Ontario. Many of the escarpment parks include picturesque waterfalls that plummet over the cliffs. All are connected at the [[Bruce Trail]], a hiking path which runs the length of the escarpment.<ref name=BRUCETRAIL>{{cite web| title =Bruce Trail Association| url=http://www.brucetrail.org/| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Some of the parks and conservation areas found along the Niagara Escarpment in Hamilton include the following; Borer's Falls,<ref name=BORERS>{{cite web| title =Borer's Falls| url=http://www.gowaterfalling.com/waterfalls/borers.shtml| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Devil's Punch Bowl,<ref name=DEVILS>{{cite web| title =Devil's Punch Bowl| url=http://www.gowaterfalling.com/waterfalls/devilspunchbowl.shtml| accessdate = 2007-01-28}}</ref> Dundas Valley,<ref name=DVALLEY>{{cite web| title =Dundas Valley| url=http://www.conservationhamilton.ca/parks/visit/dundas_valley.asp| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Felker Falls,<ref name=FELKERS>{{cite web| title =Felker's Falls| url=http://www.conservationhamilton.ca/parks/visit/Felkers_falls.asp| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Iroquois Heights,<ref name=IROQUOIS>{{cite web| title =Iroquois Heights Trail| url=http://www.rhondabathurst.com/5%20Bike.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> King's Forest,<ref name=KINGSF>{{cite web| title =King's Forest| url=http://www.ontgolf.ca/querydetail.php?id=177| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Mount Albion Conservation Area,<ref name=MALBION>{{cite web| title =Mount Albion| url=http://www.hamiltonparanormal.com/albion.html
| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Mountain Face Park,<ref name=MFACEP>{{cite web| title =Mountain Face Park| url=http://www.foundlocally.com/Hamilton/Sports/Spo-Cycling.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Sam Lawrence Park,<ref name=SAMLAWP>{{cite web| title =Sam Lawrence Park| url=http://www.hotelsbycity.net/guides/can/ontario/hamilton/| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Spencer Gorge Wilderness Area,<ref name=SPENGO>{{cite web| title =Spencer Gorge Wilderness Area| url=http://www.htmlhelp.com/~liam/Ontario/SpencerGorge/| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Tew's Falls,<ref name=TEWSFA>{{cite web| title =Tew's Falls| url=http://www.snapshotjourneys.com/hamilton-ontario.html| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Tiffany Falls,<ref name=TIFFANY>{{cite web| title =Tiffany Falls| url=http://www.gowaterfalling.com/waterfalls/tiffany.shtml| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Vinemount Conservation Area,<ref name=VINEMOUNT>{{cite web| title =Vinemount Conservation Area| url=http://www.escarpment.org/Travel/travel_hamilton_parks.htm#vinemount| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> Webster's Falls<ref name=WEBSTERS>{{cite web| title =Webster's Falls| url=http://www.conservationhamilton.ca/parks/visit/Websters_falls.asp| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref> and Winona Conservation Area.<ref name=WINCONA>{{cite web| title =Winona Conservation Area| url=http://www.thecampingsource.com/Campgrounds/Ontario/Winona/Fifty%20Point%20Conservation%20Area%20&%20Marina.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-20}}</ref>
 
==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable" align="left"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!Ethnic Origin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo27l.htm|title=Population by selected ethnic origins, by census metropolitan areas (Hamilton)|work=2001 Census|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
!Population
|- + !Percent
|[[Canadian people|Canadian]]
|193,580
|-
|[[English people|English]]
|186,815
|-
|[[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|125,490
|-
|[[Irish people|Irish]]
|102,955
|-
|[[Italian people|Italian]]
|67,885
|-
|[[German people|German]]
|55,055
|-
|[[French people|French]]
|52,830
|-
|[[Polish people|Polish]]
|33,065
|-
|[[Dutch people|Dutch]]
|32,330
|-
|[[Ukrainian people|Ukrainian]]
|24,070
|-
|[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
|14,110
|-
|[[Hungarian people|Hungarian]]
|12,925
|-
|[[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|North American Indian]]
|11,295
|-
|[[East Indian]]
|11,290
|-
|[[Welsh people|Welsh]]
|10,880
|-
|[[Chinese people|Chinese]]
|10,385
|-
|[[Croatian people|Croatian]]
|9,710
|-
|[[Serbian people|Serbian]]
|6,790
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0 1em; text-size:80%; text-align:right"
!align=center colspan=3|City of Hamilton<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref><ref name=HAMBIO1>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875)|first=Thomas Melville |last=Bailey|publisher=W.L. Griffin Ltd|pg=143|year=[[1981]]}}</ref><ref name=bartont>{{cite web| title =Barton township population: 1816| url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/LibraryServices/Localhistory/Barton+Census+1816.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref><br/>Population by year<sup>
|-
|[[1816]]
|668
|-
|[[1833]]
|1,000
|-
|[[1841]]
|3,000
|-
|[[1846]]
|6,832
|-
|[[1850]]
|10,248
|-
|[[1861]]
|19,096
|-
|[[1871]]
|26,716
|-
|[[1880]]
|35,009
|-
|[[1890]]
|44,643
|-
|[[1900]]
|51,561
|-
|[[1910]]
|70,221
|-
|[[1914]]
|100,808
|-
|[[1920]]
|108,143
|-
|[[1929]]
|134,566
|-
|[[1939]]
|155,276
|-
|[[1945]]
|175,364
|-
|[[1950]]
|192,125
|-
|[[1960]]
|258,576
|-
|[[1970]]
|296,826
|-
|[[1980]]
|306,640
|-
|[[1990]]
|307,160
|-
|[[2002]]
|490,268
 
|-
| !align=center colspan=3 |<small><sup>†</sup>2002=Post-Amalgamation.</small>
|}
 
Hamilton has a very diverse population. Out of the city's residents, one in four people were foreign born, the third highest proportion for all of Canada. The city is noted for having a high percentage of people with [[British Isles]] origin, though the major sender of immigrants to Hamilton now come from [[Eastern Europe]], south and [[southeast Asia]], and the [[Middle East]]. In the 2001 census, 9.82 percent of the population identified themselves as a visible minority (non-white/European), the majority being [[South Asian]]: 2.18%, [[Black Canadian]]: 1.96%, [[Chinese people|Chinese]]: 1.37%, [[mixed race]]: 1.20%, while the remaining consists of other ethnic groups. <ref name=statcan5>{{cite web| title = Stats Canada 2001: Hamilton CMA| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=537__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |accessdate = 2007-02-10}}</ref>
 
In 2005, Hamilton has an estimated population of 714,900 up from the 2001 figure of 662,400. Children under 14 accounted for 19.24% of the population while those over 65 years of age constituted 14.26%, resulting in an average age of 37.8 years, slightly above the national average.
 
The most described religion in Hamilton is [[Christianity]] though other religions brought by immigrants are also growing. The 2001 census indicates that 77.56% of the population adheres to a Christian denomination, [[Protestants]] constituting 37.08% of the population, while [[Roman Catholics]] number 35.48% (significantly lower than the national average), while Christ the King Cathedral is the seat of the [[Diocese of Hamilton]]. The remaining 5.0% consists of Orthodox, and independent Christian churches. The largest non-Christian religion is [[Islam]] with 12,880 adherents or 1.96% of the total population. Other religions including [[Judaism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], and other consistitute less than one percent each. Those with No religious affiliation account for 115,510 (17.63%) in 2001. <ref name=statcan3>{{cite web| title = Hamilton Demographics-Religion| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=537__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Population&Custom=|Publisher= Stats Canada 2001 |accessdate = 2007-01-01}}</ref>
 
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{seealso|List of films shot in Hamilton, Ontario|List of head offices in Hamilton, Ontario}}
The most important economic activity in Ontario is [[manufacturing]], and the Toronto-Hamilton region is the most highly industrialized section of the country. The area from [[Oshawa, Ontario]] around the west end of Lake Ontario to Niagara Falls is known as the “Golden Horseshoe” and the centre of it is Hamilton.<ref>{{cite web| title = Golden Horseshoe Travel and Tourism Web Sites| url=http://www.aresearchguide.com/golden.html| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref> Under the 2001 StatsCan definition, the population was 6,704,598 in the 2001 census.<ref name="2001census">{{cite web|url=http://geodepot.statcan.ca/Diss/Maps/ThematicMaps/horseshoe_e.cfm|title=Population and Dwelling Counts, Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) Included in the Extended Golden Horseshoe, 2001 and 1996 Censuses|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|year=2003|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref> Major industrial products include motor vehicles and parts; iron, steel, and other metal products; foods and beverages; electrical goods; machinery; chemicals; petroleum and coal products; and paper products.
[[Image:goldhorse.PNG|thumb|The [[Census divisions of Canada|census divisions]] of the original [[Golden Horseshoe]] marked red with recent additions in green.]]
"Golden Horseshoe" The phrase was first used by [[Westinghouse]] President, ''Herbert H. Rogge'', in a speech to the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, on January 12, 1954. “Hamilton in 50 years will be the forward cleat in a “golden horseshoe” of industrial development from Oshawa to the Niagara River”...150 miles long and 50 miles wide”...”It will run from Niagara Falls on the south to about Oshawa on the north and take in numerous cities and towns already there, including Hamilton and Toronto."<ref name=Bank>{{cite web| title = Fast Facts from Hamilton's Past| url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/LibraryServices/Localhistory/Fast+Facts.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-08}}</ref>
 
As the largest steel manufacturing city in [[Canada]] and home of the two Steel Giants; [[Stelco]] and [[Dofasco]] where 60% of all the steel in Canada is produced. It is the steel and metals manufacturing Capital of Canada.<ref name=steelcap>{{cite web| last = Schneider| first = Joe| title = "Hamlton Steel capital of Canada"| publisher= International Herald Tribune| url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/23/business/bxsteel.php| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}</ref> In the last decade, Hamilton's heavy industry reached a stable level, [[Stelco]] has returned to profitability.<ref name=steelprofit>{{cite web| last = Wines| first = Leslie| title = "Stelco has returned to profitability"| publisher= CBS Market Watch| url=http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?guid={F484DECA-6A84-4D0C-9D6F-255CF1F2AE27}&dist=ArchiveSplash&param=archive&siteid=mktw&garden=&minisite=| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref> [[Dofasco]] in 1999 was the most profitable steel producer in [[North America]] and in [[2000]] it was the most profitable in Canada. It currently has approximately 7,300 employees at its Hamilton plant and produces over four million tons of steel annually, representing about 30% of Canada's flat rolled sheet steel shipments. Dofasco is likely to be bought by a foreign company and in addition to being one of North America's most profitable steel companies, Dofasco has been named to the [[Dow Jones]] Sustainability World Index seven years in a row. Dofasco’s wide range of steel products is sold to customers in the automotive, construction, energy, manufacturing, pipe and tube, appliance, packaging and steel distribution industries.<ref name=dofasco>{{cite web| last = Forstner| first = Gordon| title = "Dofasco one of North America's most profitable steel companies"| url=http://www.dofasco.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=2347-2349-93261| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref>
 
National Steel Car Ltd., North America's leader in freight and passenger train cars and equipment is based in Hamilton. They have been building reliable rail transportation products since 1912.<ref name=steelcar>{{cite web| title = Hamilton is also the home of National Steel Car Ltd.| url=http://www.steelcar.com/| accessdate = 2006-12-30 }}</ref> National Steel Car recently won (January 2007) a contract for 1,200 custom-made railcars for TransLoad America, a New Jersey based waste transport firm.<ref name=steelcar2>{{cite news| title = National Steel Car wins contract for 1,200 railcars| pages = A14| publisher = Hamilton Spectator| date = [[2007-01-05]]| accessdate = 2007-01-06}}</ref>
 
[[Hamilton Health Sciences]] is the largest employer in Hamilton with nearly 10,000 employees and serves approximately 2.2 million people in central south and central west [[Ontario]]. Hamilton Health Sciences is a family of five unique hospitals and a cancer centre, they include ''Chedoke Hospital'', ''Hamilton General Hospital'', ''Henderson General Hospital'', ''McMaster Children's Hospital'', ''McMaster University Medical Centre'' and the the ''Juravinski Cancer Centre''. Hamilton Health Sciences is affiliated with McMaster University's Faculty of Health Sciences. It is is one of the most comprehensive [[health care]] systems in [[Canada]].<ref name=HamSci>{{cite web| title = Hamilton Health Sciences| url=http://www.hamiltonhealthsciences.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-01}}</ref>
 
[[McMaster University]] was established in Hamilton in 1930. It is locally the sixth largest employer with approximately 3,500 full-time equivalent academic and support staff. It also has six partner hospitals in the city. Total student population well over 27,000. Almost two-thirds of the students come from outside the immediate Hamilton region. McMaster's total impact on provincial GDP ($670 million in operating expenditures impacts plus $94 million in student/visitor expenditure impacts plus an estimated $525 million in technology and knowledge transfer impacts) is $1.289 billion. Capital project impacts and informal/unmeasurable knowledge transfer impacts are not included in this total, and would be in addition to the $1.289 billion estimate.<ref name=Mac>{{cite web| title = McMaster's Economic Impact on the Hamilton Community| publisher= McMaster University| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/pres/chambercomm.html| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> A massive McMaster University research campus called [http://www.mcmaster.ca/research/mip.htm McMaster Innovation Park] is planned for development on the former Camco lands near Westdale.<ref name=Innov>{{cite web| title = McMaster Innovation Park information| publisher= McMaster University| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/research/mip.htm| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> A recent $105 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]] donation was given to McMaster's medical program from [[billionaire]] [[Michael DeGroote|Michael G. DeGroote]]. It is the largest single cash gift in Canadian history<ref name=degroote>{{cite web| title = Degroote-Largest Cash Gift in Canadian University History| publisher= McMaster University| url=http://www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/pubrel/degroote.htm | accessdate = 2007-01-01}}</ref> and will be used to upgrade the current medical school, called the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine. He is also a benefactor to McMaster's [[DeGroote School of Business|business school]] the DeGroote School of Business.
 
[[Image:Hamilton_city_hall.jpg|right|thumb|Hamilton City Hall.]]
 
==Government==
{{main|Politics of Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{seealso|List of politicians in Hamilton, Ontario|Category:Mayors of Hamilton, Ontario}}
Criminal Law in Hamilton is enforced by the [[Hamilton Police Service (Ontario)|Hamilton Police Service]].
 
==Education==
Educational institutions in Ho Man Tin include:
{{seealso|Category:McMaster University}}
*[[Chan Sui Ki (La Salle) College]]
The growth of post-secondary education; heralded by the arrival of McMaster University in 1930 and the foundation of [[Mohawk College]] in [[1967]]; led to numerous direct and indirect jobs in education and research. Total student population at McMaster University is well over 27,000.<ref name=Mac>{{cite web| title = McMaster's Economic Impact on the Hamilton Community| publisher= McMaster University| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/pres/chambercomm.html| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> Almost two-thirds of the students come from outside the immediate Hamilton region. The addition of a medical school at McMaster in the late 1960s built upon local health care strengths to such an extent that health care has outstripped industry as the region's primary employer.<ref name=Top100>{{cite web| title = Top 100 Employers in Hamilton by Number of Employees| url=http://www.inform.city.hamilton.on.ca/business/report_etop.asp?Thr=100/| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> A massive McMaster University research campus called [http://www.mcmaster.ca/research/mip.htm McMaster Innovation Park] is planned for development on the former Camco lands near Westdale.<ref name=Innov>{{cite web| title = McMaster Innovation Park information| publisher= McMaster University| url=http://www.mcmaster.ca/research/mip.htm| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref>
*[[Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School]]
[[Image:Universityhall.jpg|thumb|[[McMaster University]]]]
*[[Homantin Government Secondary School]]
[[McMaster Divinity College]] is a Christian [[seminary]] in Hamilton, Ontario. It is affiliated with the [[Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec]], although in practice it is interdenominational, and could be said to more closely align with the broader [[Evangelical]] tradition<ref name=macdiv>{{cite web| title = McMaster Divinity College| url=http://www.macdiv.ca| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref>
*[[King George V School]]
*[[Kowloon Junior School]]
*[[Open University of Hong Kong]] (Main Campus)
*[[Pui Ching Middle School (Hong Kong)|Pui Ching Middle School]]
*[[Wa Ying College]]
*[[Y.W.C.A. Hioe Tjo Yoeng College]]
 
==Transportation==
Post-secondary education in the area is also offered by [[Redeemer University College]] located in [[Ancaster, Ontario]], Canada, is an undergraduate university of classical Christian conviction with over 850 students and faculty. Redeemer offers several degrees certified by the [[Council of Ontario Universities]]. Besides its undergraduate degree in various disciplines of the [[Natural Sciences]] and [[Mathematics]] leading to the [[Bachelor of Science]] (B.Sc.), Redeemer also offers degree programs leading to a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (B.A.) or a [[Bachelor of Education]] (B.Ed.).<ref name=redeemer>{{cite web| title = Redeemer College| url=http://www.redeemer.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref>
[[Princess Margaret Road]], [[Waterloo Road, Kowloon|Waterloo Road]], [[Argyle Street, Hong Kong|Argyle Street]], [[Pui Ching Road, Kowloon|Pui Ching Road]], and Fat Kwong Street act as the main arteries of the Ho Man Tin area, and it is served mainly by public buses.
 
The proposed [[MTR]] [[Kwun Tong Line]] extension will have [[Ho Man Tin (MTR)|Ho Man Tin Station]], and the new terminus will be [[Whampoa Garden (MTR)|Whampoa Garden Station]].
Also, [[Columbia International College]] of Canada is a private school in Hamilton, Ontario which is inspected and registered with the Ontario Ministry of Education. It was founded in [[1979]] as a response to a need by international students wanting to graduate from a North American [[secondary school]]. Its west end campus is located at the former Ainslie Wood School operated by the Hamilton Board of Education. It is the largest private boarding university-[[preparatory school]] in Canada, with 1,200 students from 48 countries. <ref name=colint>{{cite web| title = Columbia International College| url=http://www.cic-TotalCare.com| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref>
 
[[Brock University]] is a modern comprehensive university located in [[St. Catharines, Ontario]]. It was named for Major General Sir [[Isaac Brock]], who lost his life during the Battle of Queenston Heights in the War of 1812, fought 30 km from the present-day site of the campus. His last words, "Surgite! Push on!", are the official university motto. A satellite campus used primarily for teacher education is located in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref name=BROCK>{{cite web| title = Brock University: Official web site| url=http://www.brocku.ca| accessdate = 2007-01-13}}</ref>
 
Public education for students from kindergarten through high school is administered by three school boards. The [[Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board]] manages approximately 120 public schools, while the [[Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board]] operates 60 schools in the greater Hamilton area.<ref name=schools>{{cite book| title = Hamilton 2007 Gold Book; "The Ultimate Local Directory"| publisher = Metroland Printing, Publishing and Distribution Ltd.| date = 2006| pages = 40-43}}</ref> The [[Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest]] offers two french emmersion schools. [[Hillfield Strathallan College]] is the only private K-12 school in the area.
 
The [http://www.dvsa.ca/ Dundas Valley School of Art] is an independent art school which has serviced the Hamilton region since [[1964]]. Students range from 4-year olds to senior citizens and enrollment at the school as of February 2007 is close to the 4,000-mark. In [[1998]] a new fulltime diploma programme was launched as a joint venture with McMaster University. The faculty and staff is comprised of highly regarded regional artists.<ref name=dvalley>{{cite web| title = Dundas Valley School of Art| url=http://www.dvsa.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
The [http://www.hcarts.ca/hca.htm Hamilton Conservatory for the Arts] is home to many of the areas talented young actors, dancers, musicians, singers and visual artists. The school is equipped with a Keyboard Studio, spacious dance studios, art and sculpting studios, gallery space and a 300-seat recital hall. HCA offers over 90 programs for ages 3-93, creating a “united nations” of arts under one roof.<ref name=hamcon>{{cite web| title = Hamilton Conservatory for the Arts| url=http://www.hcarts.ca/hca.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{seealso|List of attractions in Hamilton, Ontario|People from Hamilton, Ontario}}
 
Growth in the arts and culture sector has garnered high level media attention for Hamilton. A Globe and Mail article in 2006, entitled "Go West, Young Artist," focused on the growing art scene in Hamilton. [http://www.hamiltonmediaarts.org/ The Factory: Hamilton Media Arts Centre] <ref name=FACTORY>{{cite web| title = The Factory: Hamilton Media Arts Centre| url=http://www.hamiltonmediaarts.org/| accessdate = 2007-01-17}}</ref>, opened up a new home on James Street North in 2006. Art galleries are springing up on many streets across the City: James Street, Locke Street and King Street, to name a few. This, coupled with growth in the Downtown condo market which is drawing people back to the Core, is having a strong, positive impact on the cultural fabric of the City. The opening of the [http://www.dachamilton.com/index.html Downtown Arts Centre]<ref name=DAC>{{cite web| title = Downtown Arts Centre, Hamilton, Ontario| url=http://www.dachamilton.com/index.html| accessdate = 2007-01-17}}</ref> on Rebecca Street has spurred further creative activities in the Core. The [http://www.ccma.ws/site/ Community Centre for Media Arts]<ref name=CCMA>{{cite web| title = Community Centre for Media Arts| url=http://www.ccma.ws/site/| accessdate = 2007-01-17}}</ref> (CCMA) continues to operate in Downtown Hamilton. The CCMA works with marginalized populations and combines new media services such as website development, graphic design, video, and information technology, with arts education and skills development programming.<ref name=INVESTH20>Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2005, Wednesday, 28 June, 2006, "City Remains Committed To Growing Arts & Culture" Page H20</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
Le Centre français Hamilton has been pursuing plans to make the 70-seat [http://www.staircase.org/ Staircase Cafe Theatre]<ref name=STAIRCASE>{{cite web| title = The Staircase Cafe Theatre| url=http://www.staircase.org/| accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref> on Dundurn Street North into a Francophone cultural centre. The Staircase originally was opened by Hugh MacLeod in 1998 and closed down in the summer of 2006. It is scheduled to re-open in the spring of 2007. The Staircase evolved and expanded from an [[improvisational]] comedy workshop to include an artist's gallery, a cafe, a theatre for film and live acts, and a rehearsal space. A former variety store next door was also acquired. It will also be hosting a Francophone Film Festival in early spring 2007.<ref name=STAIRCASE2>{{cite news | last = Foley| first = Doug| title = Vive The Staircase Theatre| pages = Go 10| publisher = The Hamilton Spectator| date = [[2007-01-16]]| accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
[[Ronnie Hawkins]] came to Canada in [[1958]]. His first gig was at the Golden Rail in Hamilton where he became an overnight success. It was a result of Hawkins success in Hamilton that he decided to move to Canada permanently. His career spans over five decades and 25 records. His hits include, “Forty Days”, “Mary Lou”, and “Hey Bo Diddley”.<ref name=MEMPROJ43>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP43| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> Colonel [[Harold Kudlats]], was given nickname “The Colonel” by Ronnie Hawkins. It was Kudlats who booked Ronnie Hawkins and the Hawks in Hamilton for the first time. He's worked with acts Fats Domino, Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong. Kudlats later went on to become agent for [[Levon Helm]] and [[The Band]]. He is also the [[Eugene Levy]]'s uncle.<ref name=memproj>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> Also in [[1958]], [[Conway Twitty]], singer-songwriter and his band were in town and were playing at the ''Flamingo Lounge'' where ''Hamilton Place'' is located today. Legend has it that the drummer, [[Jack Nance]], wrote ''"It's Only Make Believe"'' between sets, although another story puts them at the nearby Fischer Hotel. The song was recorded in 1958 and became the first of nine Top 40 hits for Twitty, selling eight million copies.<ref name=MEMPROJ44>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator Newspaper- Souvenir Edition page MP44| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref>
 
The Hamilton region has produced a number of talented musical artists over the years, some of these include; [[King Biscuit Boy]]<ref name=BISCUIT>{{cite web| title = Canadian Encyclopedia Biography: King Biscuit Boy| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0001846| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (Canadian blues musician), [[Steve Negas]]<ref name=SNEGAS>{{cite web| title = Official web site: Steve Negas| url=http://www.stevenegus.com/producer.html| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (Drummer for progressive rock band [[Saga (band)|Saga]]), [[Skip Prokop]]<ref name=PROKOP>{{cite web| title = www.racerecords.ca/ Biography: Skip Prokop| url=http://www.racerecords.ca/artist3.html| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (Drummer and band leader for [[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] + [[The Paupers]]), [[Stan Rogers]]<ref name=SROGERS>{{cite web| title = Official web site: Stan Rogers| url=http://www.stanrogers.net/| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (Canadian folk singer), [[Neil Peart]]<ref name=NPEART>{{cite web| title = Official web site: Neil Peart| url=http://www.neilpeart.net/| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (Drummer and lyricist for the progressive rock band [[Rush (band)|Rush]] (''Hagersville, ON'')), [[Lorraine Segato]]<ref name=SEGATO>{{cite web| title = Biography: Lorraine Segato| url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/bios2/sega1.html| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (lead vocalist for 80s pop group [[The Parachute Club]]), [[Ian Thomas (Canadian musician)|Ian Thomas]]<ref name=ITHOMAS>{{cite web| title = Internet Movie Database Biography: Ian Thomas| url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0858934/| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (singer/ songwriter), [[Jackie Washington]]<ref name=JWASHIN>{{cite web| title = All Music Biography: Jackie Washington| url=http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (legendary Canadian blues singer) and [[Tom Wilson (musician)|Tom Wilson]]<ref name=TOMWILSON>{{cite web| title = Official Web Site: Tom Wilson| url=http://www.tomwilson.net/bio.html| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> (veteran of the Canadian music scene).
 
A number of recording studios call Hamilton home. The [[Sonic Unyon]] label started and fostered the Hamilton sound in the early 1990s and continues today as one of Canada's most successful independent record labels and distributors.<ref name=SONIC>{{cite web| title = Sonic Unyon Record Label: Official web site| url=http://www.sonicunyon.com/| accessdate = 2007-01-14}}</ref> In [[1985]] [[Daniel Lanois]], opened up [http://www.grantavestudio.com// Grant Avenue Studios] a landmark in Hamilton.<ref name=Lanois>{{cite web| title = Grant Avenue Studios/ Daniel Lanois| url=http://www.grantavestudio.com| accessdate = 2007-01-10}}</ref> A solo artist in his own right he's made his mark as a producer for some of the world's biggest musical acts. Some of these include [[Bob Dylan]], [[Peter Gabriel]] and [[U2]].<ref name=Lanois2>{{cite web| title = Daniel Lanois Bio: CMT.com| url=http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/lanois_daniel/bio.jhtml| accessdate = 2007-01-16}}</ref> Steve Negas (Drummer for progressive rock band Saga) is also a producer with a studio in town. Some of his clients include; [[Chris De Burgh]], [[The Nylons]], [[Liona Boyd]] and [[Saga (band)|Saga]].<ref name=SNEGAS>{{cite web| title = Official web site: Steve Negas| url=http://www.stevenegus.com/producer.html| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref>
 
Hamilton has hosted the [[Juno Awards]] a total of 5-times; [[1995]], [[1996]], [[1997]], [[1999]] and [[2001]]. The Juno Awards are awards of achievement presented to Canadian musical artists and bands. 1996 was the most memorable one. [[Anne Murray]] was the host for the ceremonies and prominent nominees were [[Alanis Morissette]] and [[Shania Twain]]. The Canadian Music Hall of Fame Inductees that evening were: [[David Clayton-Thomas]] ([[Blood, Sweat & Tears]]), [[Denny Doherty]] ([[The Mamas & the Papas]]), [[John Kay]] ([[Steppenwolf (band)|Steppenwolf]]), [[Domenic Troiano]] (played w/ various artists) and [[Zal Yanovsky]] ([[The Lovin' Spoonful]]).<ref name=JUNOAW>{{cite web| title = Juno Awards: Official web site| url=http://www.junoawards.ca/| accessdate = 2007-01-29}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the paragraph in entirety -->
 
''[[Oh What a Feeling: A Vital Collection of Canadian Music]]'' was a 4-CD box<ref name=OHWHATF>{{cite web| title = Oh What a Feeling: A Vital Collection| url=http://www.alibris.com/search/search.cfm?S=R&qwork=4813408&qsort=p&siteID=KLVmR9fE2yU-lj7J4Ia96tNfqF5BIE_vRw| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref> set released in 1996 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the [[Juno Awards]]. All of the sets feature popular Canadian songs from the 1960s onward. The sets were titled for the song "Oh What A Feeling" by Hamilton, Ontario rock band [[Crowbar (Canadian band)|Crowbar]].<ref name=CROWBAR>{{cite web| title = Canadian Encyclopedia Biography: King Biscuit Boy| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0001846| accessdate = 2007-01-19}}</ref> From 1969 to 1970, most of the members of the group had been a backup band for [[Ronnie Hawkins]]. However, he fired them, saying "You guys are so crazy that you could **** up a crowbar in three seconds!" They recorded their first album in [[1970]] as King Biscuit Boy and Crowbar. King Biscuit Boy left the band later in 1970, but continued to appear as a guest performer.<ref name=MEMPRO38>{{cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition page MP38| date =Saturday June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2007-02-02}}</ref><!-- This citation applies to the last 3 sentences of this paragraph -->
 
===Sports===
{{Main|Sports in Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{seealso|Sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario|Category:Sport in Hamilton, Ontario|}}
 
[[image:hamilton-copps.jpg|thumb|[[Copps Coliseum]]]]
[[image:Statute touchdown cfhof.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]]]]
[[Image:RussJacksonRoughRiders.jpg|right|thumb|[[Russ Jackson]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Club
!League
!Venue
!Established
!Championships
|-
|[[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]
|[[Canadian Football League]]
|[[Ivor Wynne Stadium]]
| align="center"|[[1950]]
| align="center"|8
|-
|[[Hamilton Bulldogs]]
|[[American Hockey League]]
|[[Copps Coliseum]]
| align="center"|[[1996]]
| align="center"|0
|-
|[[Hamilton Wildcats]]
|[[Ontario Australian Football League]]
|Mohawk Sports Park
| align="center"|[[1997]]
| align="center"|0
|-
|[[Hamilton Thunderbirds]]
|[[Intercounty Baseball League]]
|[[Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium]]
| align="center"|[[2005]]
| align="center"|0
|-
|}
 
Hamilton is also home to the [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]] museum.<ref name=foothof>{{cite web| title = Canadian Football Hall of Fame & Museum| url=http://www.footballhof.com/| accessdate = 2006-12-31}}</ref> The museum hosts an annual induction event in a week-long celebration that includes school visits, a golf tournament, a formal induction dinner and concludes with the Hall of Fame game involving the local [[CFL]] [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] at [[Ivor Wynne Stadium]].<ref name=hallfame>{{cite web| title = Five more walk into Canadian Football's hallowed shrine| url=http://www.hamiltonscores.com/football/news/?article=092922426| publisher= Hamilton Scores!| accessdate = 2007-01-01}}</ref><ref name=IVORW>{{cite web|url=http://football.ballparks.com/CFL/Hamilton/index.htm|title=Ivor Wynne Stadium Information|accessdate=2007-01-16}}</ref>
 
On Wednesday, November 3, 1869, in a room above George Lee's Fruit Store, the Hamilton [[Football]] Club was formed. Hamilton [[Football]] Clubs have captured the Grey Cup in every decade of the [[20th century]], a feat matched in pro sport by only one other franchise, the [[Montreal Canadiens]]. In [[1908]], the Tigers won the ''Dominion Championship'', a year before the [[Grey Cup]] was presented. Prior to [[World War II]], the football team of the City of Hamilton was known as the Tigers. The only time that football was interrupted in Hamilton as a spectator sport was during the First and Second World Wars. After World War II the Tiger Football Team started competition once again. At the same time a new group in the City was formed and they became known as the [[Hamilton Wildcats]]. The competition for fan participation was so great that both teams were unable to operate on a sound financial basis. it was decided that the two Clubs should amalgamate and form one representative team for Hamilton. The present name, '''TIGER-CATS''', and what is known as the modern era of football started in [[1950]]. <ref name=ticats>{{cite web| last = Canuck| first = Johnny| title = Hamilton Tiger Cats Fan Site- HISTORY| url=http://www.johnnycanuck.com/paw/history.htm| accessdate = 2006-12-31}}</ref>
 
Hamilton based football teams have captured the Grey Cup a total of 15-times, which is second best among Canadian cities (Toronto teams have won 21-times). [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]-8, Hamilton Tigers-5, Hamilton Flying Wildcats-1 and the Hamilton Alerts-1. The Hamilton Alerts were the first team from Hamilton to win the Grey Cup back in 1912 against the [[Toronto Argonauts]] in Hamilton at the old [[A.A.A. Grounds]].<ref name=AAA>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballcanada.com/history_timeline.asp|title=A.A.A. Grounds: Canadian Football Timelines; Canadian Football web site|accessdate=2007-01-16}}</ref> The city of Hamilton has hosted the Grey Cup Finals a total of 10-times, the last one being in 1996 ([[84th Grey Cup]]) in the "Snow Bowl" where the Toronto Argonauts defeated the [[Edmonton Eskimos]] by a score of 43-37.<ref name=ticats3>{{cite web| title = History of the Grey Cup| url=http://www.cfl.ca//| accessdate = 2007-01-06}}</ref>
 
[[Ivor Wynne Stadium]] is the home of the CFL Hamilton Tiger-Cats. The stadium originally known as Civic Stadium was constructed in [[1930]] to host the 1930 [[British Empire Games]]; Canada's first major international athletic event, held in Hamilton from August 16 to 23, 1930.<ref name=stadium>{{cite web| last = Wilson| first = Paul| title = Ivor Wynne Stadium
| url=http://football.ballparks.com/CFL/Hamilton/index.htm| accessdate = 2006-12-31}}</ref> Notable residents and former players include "King Kong" [[Angelo Mosca]].
 
The CFL's annual Eastern Division [[Labour Day Classic]] pits the Hamilton Tiger-Cats against perennial rivals the [[Toronto Argonauts]]. This particular weekend, typically the tenth or eleventh week in the season, is known for its fixtures that do not change from year to year. Oddly, for many years before his death, [[Harold Ballard]] owned both the [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] and the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) franchise in rival city Toronto. The team's prowess has fallen dramatically from its glory days in the 1960s and early 1970s, when it was a powerhouse. <ref name=Ballard>{{cite book| last = Beddoes| first = Dick| title = Pal Hal: An uninhibited, no-holds-barred account of the life and times of Harold Ballard| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan of Canada]]| year = 1989| id = ISBN 1572433906 }}</ref>
 
The Hamilton region has produced a number of star football players over the years and some of these include; [[Steve Christie]] ex-placekicker in the [[NFL]], who holds a [[Super Bowl]] record for longest field goal kicked at 54 yards, [[Bernie Faloney]], [[Tony Gabriel]], [[Russ Jackson]] and the 1946 ''Lou Marsh trophy'' winner as Canada's top athlete [[Joe Krol]].<ref name=memproj2>{{cite press release| title = "Tigertown Triumphs"| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref>
 
===Sister cities===
Hamilton is twinned with [[Flint, Michigan]], and its amateur athletes compete in the ''Canusa Games'', held alternatively there and here since [[1958]]. <ref name=memproj2>{{cite press release| title = "Tigertown Triumphs"| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56| date =[[2006-06-10]]| accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> Flint and Hamilton hold the distinction of having the oldest continuous sister-city relationship between a U.S. and Canadian city, since [[1957]].<ref name=FLINTMICH>{{cite web| title = About Sister Cities of Flint Michigan| url=http://www.visitflint.org/sistercities/About_Sister_Cities_of_Flint.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref>
 
Cities that are "twinned" with Hamilton include:<ref name=TWINNED>{{cite web| title = Hamilton Ontario Sister Cities| url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CommunitiesAndOrganizations/communitiesofhamilton/sistercities| accessdate = 2007-01-19}}</ref>
 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width = 33%}}
*[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] [[Flint, Michigan]] ([[U.S.A.]])<ref name=FLINTMICH>{{cite web| title = About Sister Cities of Flint Michigan| url=http://www.visitflint.org/sistercities/About_Sister_Cities_of_Flint.htm| accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref>
*[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|25px]] [[Fukuyama]] ([[Japan]])
*[[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Maanshan]], [[Anhui]] ([[China]])
*[[Image:Flag of India.svg|25px]] [[Mangalore]] ([[India]])
*[[Image:Flag of Mexico.svg|25px]] [[Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
{{col-break|width = 33%}}
*[[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|25px]] [[Racalmuto]], [[Sicily]] ([[Italy]])
*[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] [[Sarasota, Florida]] ([[U.S.A.]])<ref name=sarasota>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarasotasistercities.org/Hamilton.html |title=Sarasota Sister Cities|accessdate=2007-01-01}}</ref>
*[[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|25px]] [[Shawinigan, Quebec]]
*[[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|25px]] [[Valle Peligna]], [[Abruzzo]] ([[Italy]])
{{col-break|width = 33%}}
{{col-end}}
 
Other City Relationships:<ref name=TWINNED>{{cite web| title = Hamilton Ontario Sister Cities| url=http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CommunitiesAndOrganizations/communitiesofhamilton/sistercities| accessdate = 2007-01-19}}</ref>
 
*[[Image:Flag of Brazil.svg|25px]] [[Porto Alegre]], ([[Brazil]])
 
==See also==
*[[List of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong]]
* [[Bank of Hamilton]]
* [[Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario]]
* [[Hamilton Street Railway]]
* [[Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport]]
* [[List of media outlets in Hamilton, Ontario]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Hamilton, Ontario]]
 
==References==
<div class="references-2column">
<div class="references-small">
 
<references />
 
</div>
</div>
 
==External linkslink==
*[http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/aboutus/events/exhibitioncentre/0,,,00.html Hong Kong Housing Authority Exhibition Centre, in Ho Man Tin]
{{Geolinks-Canada-cityscale|43.25999|-79.8499999}}
* [http://www.stahlseite.de/stelco.htm Photos from the Stelco Steel mill]
{{Canadian City Geographic Location|
North=[[Toronto, Ontario|Toronto]], [[Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga]], [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]], [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]]|
West=[[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Kitchener, Ontario|Kitchener]], [[Cambridge, Ontario|Cambridge]]|
Center=Hamilton|
East=[[Grimsby, Ontario|Grimsby]], [[St. Catharines, Ontario|St. Catharines]], [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]]|
South=[[Brantford, Ontario|Brantford]], [[Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock]]}}
 
[[Category:Ho Man Tin| ]]
[[Category:Places in Hong Kong]]
 
[[zh-yue:何文田]]
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}
[[zh:何文田]]
 
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Hamilton, Ontario| ]]
[[Category:Host cities of the Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Underground Railroad locations]]
[[Category:1846 establishments]]
[[Category:University towns]]
[[Category:Coastal cities]]
[[Category:Cities on the Great Lakes]]
[[Category:Port cities]]
[[Category:Articles with sections needing expansion]]
 
{{HongKong-geo-stub}}
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[[af:Hamilton, Ontario]]
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[[fa:همیلتون (انتاریو)]]
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[[ja:ハミルトン (オンタリオ州)]]
[[pl:Hamilton (Ontario)]]
[[pt:Hamilton (Ontário)]]
[[simple:Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[fi:Hamilton (Kanada)]]
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