Andrew Jackson and User talk:Patrick/June 2007 - Feb 2008: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox_President | name=Andrew Jackson

| nationality=american

| image=Andrew Jackson.jpeg|200px|

| order=7th [[President of the United States]]

| term_start=[[March 4]], [[1829]]

| term_end=[[March 3]], [[1837]]<!-- Prior to the passage of the 20th Amendment, presidential terms ended at 11:59:59 on March 3. -->

| predecessor= [[John Quincy Adams]]

| successor= [[Martin Van Buren]]

| birth_date= [[March 15]], [[1767]]

| birth_place= [[Waxhaw, North Carolina|Waxhaws area]] of [[South Carolina]]

| death_date= [[June 8]], [[1845]]

| death_place= [[The Hermitage]], [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]]

| spouse= Widowed. [[Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson]]. (Niece [[Emily Donelson Jackson]] and daughter-in-law [[Sarah Yorke Jackson]] were [[First Lady of the United States|first ladies]])

| party= [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]

| vicepresident= [[John C. Calhoun]] (1829-1832),<br>[[Martin Van Buren]] (1833-1837)

| religion=[[Presbyterian]]

| signature=Andrew Jackson signature.gif

|}}

'''Andrew Jackson''' ([[March 15]], [[1767]]&ndash; [[June 8]], [[1845]]) was the seventh [[President of the United States]] (1829-1837), [[List of governors of Florida|first governor]] of [[Florida]] (1821), general of the [[Battle of New Orleans]] (1815), a co-founder of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], and the [[eponym]] of the era of [[Jacksonian democracy]]. He was a polarizing figure who helped shape the [[Second Party System]] of [[Politics of the United States|American politics]] in the 1820s and 1830s.

== en dashes ==

Nicknamed "Old Hickory," because he was known for his toughness, Jackson was the first President primarily associated with the American [[frontier]] (although born in [[South Carolina]], he spent most of his life in [[Tennessee]]).

WRT to your recent edit of the Dashes pages, will you please take a look at the [[Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dashes%29#Proposed_expanded_version_of_advice_on_hyphens_and_dashes_in_MoS|comment]] against retaining the preference for hyphens in titles, and provide a rejoinder? [[User:Tony1|Tony]] 08:44, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

==Early life and military career==

Jackson was born in a backwoods settlement to [[Presbyterian]] [[Scots-Irish Americans|Scots-Irish]] immigrants in the [[Waxhaw, North Carolina|Waxhaw area]] in the [[Carolinas]], on [[March 15]], [[1767]]. He was the youngest of three brothers. Both [[North Carolina]] and [[South Carolina]] have claimed him as a "native son." Jackson himself always stated that he was born in South Carolina. He received a sporadic education. At age thirteen, he joined the [[Continental Army]] as a courier. He was captured and imprisoned by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Jackson was the last U.S. President to have been a veteran of the American Revolution, and the only President to have been a [[prisoner of war]]. The war took the lives of Jackson's entire immediate family.

[[Image:Andrew Jackson brave boy 1780.jpg|thumb|250px|Jackson refusing to clean a British officer's boots (1876 [[lithography]])]]

Andrew and his brother Robert Jackson were taken as prisoners, and they nearly starved to death. When Andrew refused to clean the boots of a British officer, the irate redcoat slashed at him, giving him scars on his left hand and head, as well as an intense hatred for the British. Both of them contracted small pox while imprisoned, and Robert died days after their release. In addition, another of Jackson's brothers and his mother&mdash;his entire remaining family&mdash;died from war-time hardships that Jackson also blamed upon the British. This [[anglophobia]] would help to inspire a distrust and dislike of Eastern "aristocrats", whom Jackson felt were too inclined to favor and emulate their former colonial "masters". Jackson admired [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] for his willingness to contest British military supremacy.

:My edit only fixed a broken sentence. Anyway, thanks for letting me know there is a discussion on the issue.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 09:20, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Jackson came to [[Tennessee]] by 1787. Though he barely read law, he found he knew enough to become a young lawyer on the frontier. Since he was not from a distinguished family, he had to make his career by his own merits; and soon he began to prosper in the rough-and-tumble world of frontier law. Most of the actions grew out of disputed land-claims, or from assaults and battery. He was elected as Tennessee's first [[U.S. House of Representatives|Congressman]], upon its statehood in the late 1790s, and quickly became a [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] in 1797 but resigned within a year. In 1798, he was appointed judge on the [[Tennessee Supreme Court]].

[http://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/hallofamericanwarsandconflicts/andrewjackson.net/]

== Finite ==

===Creek War and War of 1812===

{{main articles|[[Creek War]] and [[Battle of New Orleans]]}}

Jackson became a colonel in the Tennessee militia, which he had led since the beginning of his military career in 1801. In 1813, Northern [[Creek people|Creek]] Band chieftain [[Peter McQueen]] massacred 400 men, women, and children at [[Fort Mims Massacre|Fort Mims]] (in what is now Alabama). Jackson commanded in the campaign against the Northern Creek Indians of Alabama and Georgia, also known as the "[[Red Sticks]]". Creek leaders such as [[William Weatherford]] (Red Eagle), Peter McQueen, and [[Menawa]], who had been allies of the British during the War of 1812, violently clashed with other chiefs of the Creek Nation over white encroachment on Creek lands and the "civilizing" programs administered by U.S. Indian Agent [[Benjamin Hawkins]]. In the [[Creek War]], a theatre of the [[War of 1812]], Jackson defeated the Red Stick Creeks at the [[Battle of Horseshoe Bend]]. Jackson was aided by members of the Southern Creek Indian Band, who had requested Jackson's aid in putting down what they considered to be the "rebellious" Red Sticks, and some [[Cherokee]] Indians, who also sided with the Americans. 800 Northern Creek Band "Red Sticks" Indians were killed in the battle. Jackson spared Weatherford's life from any acts of vengeance. [[Sam Houston]] and [[David Crockett]], later to become famous themselves in [[Texas]], served under Jackson at this time. Following the victory, Jackson imposed the [[Treaty of Fort Jackson]] upon both his Northern Creek enemy and Southern Creek allies, wresting 20 million acres (81,000 km²) from all Creeks for white settlement.

Hi Patrick. I disagree with [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finite&diff=137328989&oldid=137254659 this edit] you made. Of course an object is not a number. But do you ever say a "finite object" meaning an object of finite diameter, or do you say "finite set" meaning an object of finite measure? Because, if not, you are not talking about the object being finite, but about its diameter or measure being finite, which is indeed a number. Thanks, you can reply here. [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 03:00, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Jackson's service in the [[War of 1812]] was conspicuous for its bravery and success. He was a strict officer, but was popular with his troops. It was said he was "tough as old hickory" wood on the battlefield, which gave him his nickname. The war, and particularly his command at the [[Battle of New Orleans]] on [[January 8]], [[1815]], made his national reputation. He advanced in rank to Major General. In the battle, Jackson's 6,000 militiamen behind barricades of cotton bales opposed 12,000 British regulars marching across an open field, led by General [[Edward Pakenham]]. The battle was a total American victory. The British had over 2,000 casualties to Jackson's 8 killed and 58 wounded or missing.

[http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/aj7/about/bio/jack07.htm]

:For example [[Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel]] mentions a finite object. Even though [[bounded]] is formally a better word, mentioning something on this on the page [[finite]] seems useful.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 08:00, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

===First Seminole War===

{{main|Seminole Wars}}

:: The term "(in)finite hotel" is used in a very informal way in the [[Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel]] article, and the way it is used there is clear from the context (number of rooms). I don't that is general usage.

Jackson served in the military again during the [[Seminole Wars|First Seminole War]] when he was ordered by President [[James Monroe]] in December 1817[http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/document.php?id=391] to lead a campaign in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] against the [[Seminole (tribe)|Seminole]] and [[Creek people|Creek]] Indians. Jackson was also charged with preventing [[Spanish Florida]] from becoming a refuge for runaway slaves. Critics later alleged that Jackson exceeded orders in his Florida actions, but Monroe and the public wanted Florida. Before going, Jackson wrote to Monroe, "Let it be signified to me through any channel... that the possession of the Floridas would be desirable to the United States, and in sixty days it will be accomplished." [Ogg p 66] Monroe gave Jackson orders that were purposely ambiguous, sufficient for international denials.

:: One should find better reasons for including things, rather than what you did for [[sequence]] when you added the fact that "finite sequence is the same as sequence with a finite number of terms" based on some sloppy writing of some previous editor at [[sequence space]].

[[Image:Bustofandrewjackson.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A bust of Andrew Jackson at the Plaza Ferdinand VII in [[Pensacola, Florida]], where Jackson was sworn in as territorial governor.]]

:::Are you saying that when you opposed clearing up that inconsistency you had not even followed my link to [[sequence space]]?--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 23:32, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Jackson's Tennessee volunteers were attacked by Seminoles, but this left their villages vulnerable, and Jackson burned them and their crops. He found letters that indicated that the Spanish and British were "secretly" assisting the Indians. Jackson believed that the United States would not be "secure" as long as Spain and Great Britain encouraged American Indians to fight and argued that his actions were undertaken in "self-defense". Jackson captured [[Pensacola, Florida]] with little more than some warning shots and deposed the Spanish governor. He illegally tried, and then captured and executed two British subjects, Robert Ambrister and [[Alexander George Arbuthnot|Alexander Arbuthnot]] who had been supplying and advising the Indians. Jackson's action also struck fear into the Seminole tribes as word of his ruthlessness in battle spread.

:: As otherwise it is just too easy to add misinformation and confusion to articles. I'll cut out the mention to "finite object" meaning "object of finite diameter" at [[finite]] unless you can come up with references for that usage (and not just some obscure website). That per [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]]. [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 15:14, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

This also created an international incident, and many in the [[James Monroe|Monroe]] administration called for Jackson to be [[Censure in the United States|censured]]. However, Jackson's actions were defended by [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[John Quincy Adams]]. When the Spanish minister demanded a "suitable punishment" for Jackson, Adams wrote back "Spain must immediately [decide] either to place a force in Florida adequate at once to the protection of her territory, ... or cede to the United States a province, of which she retains nothing but the nominal possession, but which is, in fact, ... a post of annoyance to them." {{cite needed}} Adams used Jackson's conquest, and Spain's own "weaknesses", to convince the Spanish (in the [[Adams-Onís Treaty]]) to cede Florida to the United States. Jackson was subsequently named its territorial governor.

:::See e.g. [[universe]]: it discusses whether the (theoretical) universe is finite or infinite.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 23:32, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

==Election of 1824==

:::: Fair enough, the word "finite" has an informal meaning too. But then its definition should be informal also. I replaced "finite diameter" and "finite measure" with "finite size". [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 02:55, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

{{main|U.S. presidential election, 1824}}

During his first run for the Presidency in [[U.S. presidential election, 1824|1824]], Jackson received a plurality of both the popular and [[electoral]] votes. Since no candidate received a majority, the election decision was given to the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], which chose John Quincy Adams. Jackson denounced it as a "[[corrupt bargain]]" because [[Henry Clay]] gave his votes to Adams, who then made Clay secretary of state. Jackson later called for abolishing the [[U.S. Electoral College|Electoral College]]. Jackson's defeat burnished his political credentials, however, since many voters believed the "man of the people" had been robbed by the "corrupt aristocrats of the East".

==[[Template:PD-PCL]] question==

One of Jackson's enemies, [[Albert Gallatin]], who was a vice presidential candidate in 1824, saw Jackson as "an honest man and the idol of the worshippers of military glory, but from incapacity, military habits, and habitual disregard of laws and constitutional provisions, altogether unfit for the office." [Adams 599]

Howdy, I noticed you created the above template and I was wondering if you could answer a question about it's application. I'd like to use some of the state maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection and add references (or shading) to the various [[American Viticultural Area]] in those states. The FAQ linked in the templates says that we may "use them as you wish" so I'm assuming that we can alter them with due credit and link to the original map. You template doesn't have any reference to a map being altered so I'm wondering what additional tagging that I may need to add to the maps that I upload. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. [[User:Agne27 |Agne]][[Special:Contributions/Agne27|^Cheese]]/[[User Talk:Agne27|^Wine]] 07:42, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

:It seems from [[commons:Template:PD-PCL]] that we should not use this template anymore anyway, and refer to the original source instead. If you are going to upload the image to Commons (which is preferable) you can best ask there, I am not an expert. Perhaps you need separate tags for the original and the change, where the latter could be [[commons:Template:PD-self]].--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 08:47, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Thomas Jefferson in retirement said of Jackson in 1824:

<blockquote>

"I feel much alarmed at the prospect of seeing General Jackson President. He is one of the most unfit men I know of for such a place. He has had very little respect for laws or constitutions, and is, in fact, an able military chief. His passions are terrible. When I was President of the Senate he was a Senator; and he could never speak on account of the rashness of his feelings. I have seen him attempt it repeatedly, and as often choke with rage. His passions are no doubt cooler now; he has been much tried since I knew him, but he is a dangerous man." <ref>Paul Leicester Ford, ''The Writings of Thomas Jefferson'' 10 vols. (New York, 1892-99), 10: 331.</ref>

</blockquote>

== [[Rigid body]] ==

Ironically Thomas Jefferson granddaughter-in-law Elizabeth {Martin} Randolph's 2nd husband was [[Andrew Jackson Donelson]] - Andrew Jackson's nephew.

Hi Patrick. It appears that you wrote most of this article, and there is good info in there. I have a suggestion though. Do you think the article could be made more acessible? The concept of rigid body is rather elementary, but the first section in the article starts with [[configuration space]]s, which is rather technical math. Any ideas of how to simplify at least the first half of the article? Thanks. [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 03:49, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

==Election of 1828==

{{main|United States presidential election, 1828}}

:The first two sentences of section one (the section after the lead section) could be moved down; in section one we can put in that place a simpler sentence about combinations of translations and rotations. What follows is more elementary, just vectors and matrices.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 07:06, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Jackson allied himself with [[Martin Van Buren]]; together they built a coalition that defeated the reelection of John Quincy Adams in 1828. His supporters called themselves "Jackson Men."

:I have done that.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 07:44, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

:: Thanks, it looks much better now!

:: And I have a question about the notation in the kinematics section. Does one need to write <math> \mathbf{r}(t,\mathbf{r}_0)</math> there or is it enough to write <math> \mathbf{r}(t)</math>, so dropping the <math>\mathbf{r}_0</math> (also note that now both the notation with r_0 and the one without r_0 is present). Thanks. [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 14:45, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

==Presidency 1829-1837==

===Spoils system===

Jackson is credited for introducing the "[[spoils system]]", or "patronage", to American politics. The term "spoils system" was introduced in 1832 by Senator [[William L. Marcy]] of New York, who proclaimed, "To the victor belong the spoils." [William Safire, ''Safire's New Political Dictionary'' (1993) p 744] As Syrett explains, [Syrett p 28]:

:"Although Jackson dismissed far fewer government employees than most of his contemporaries imagined and although he did not originate the spoils system, he made more sweeping changes in the Federal bureaucracy than had any of his predecessors. What is even more significant is that he defended these changes as a positive good. At present when the use of political patronage is generally considered an obstacle to good government, it is worth remembering that Jackson and his followers invariably described rotation in public office as a "reform." In this sense the spoils system was more than a way to reward Jackson's friends and punish his enemies; it was also a device for removing from public office the representatives of minority political groups that Jackson insisted had been made corrupt by their long tenure."

:::The notation was a bit sloppy, I fixed it. Since some quantities depend on <math>\mathbf{r}_0</math> and some do not, it seems good to mention this dependence when applicable. The motion of a rigid body is about the position etc. as function of the two variables.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 23:07, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

===Opposition to the National Bank===

:::: Thanks! [[User:Oleg Alexandrov|Oleg Alexandrov]] ([[User talk:Oleg Alexandrov|talk]]) 03:02, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

== Re:[[Death Proof]] ==

{{main|Second Bank of the United States}}

The 120 version of ''Death Proof'' was released separately from the ''Grindhouse'' double feature. As the information that an extended version was created is already in the body of the article, it doesn't need to be mentioned in the infobox. ([[User:Ibaranoff24|Ibaranoff24]] 13:50, 21 June 2007 (UTC))

As president, Jackson worked to take away the federal charter of the [[Second Bank of the United States]] (it would continue to exist as a state bank). The second Bank had been authorized, during [[James Madison]]'s tenure in 1816, for a 20 year period. Jackson opposed the national bank concept on ideological grounds. In Jackson's veto message (written by [[George Bancroft]]), the bank needed to be abolished because:

:It is much too US-centered to consider non-US info too minor to put in the infobox. Please revert your deletions.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 14:10, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

[[image:AJ~bank.JPG|thumb|400px|Democratic cartoon shows Jackson fighting the monster Bank]]

::The article is about ''Grindhouse'' as a double feature, not ''Grindhouse'' as seperate films. In the future, please reply to my talk page rather than your talk page so I can get back to you sooner. ([[User:Ibaranoff24|Ibaranoff24]] 21:11, 21 June 2007 (UTC))

:::When did I '''delete''' info? The info was still in the article, it just wasn't in the infobox. There's a difference! I put in a footnote on the runtimes of the individual films that includes the runtime of the extended version of ''Death Proof''. What was wrong with that? ([[User:Ibaranoff24|Ibaranoff24]] 14:32, 22 June 2007 (UTC))

== Transformers ==

* it was unconstitutional

* it concentrated an excessive amount of the nation's financial strength into a single institution

* it exposed the government to control by "foreign interests"

* it exercised too much control over members of the Congress

* it favored Northeastern states over Southern and Western states

Because it's a comic book and novel that serves the story of the film. It isn't just a film: this whole new fictional universe is a major push on Hasbro's part to reinvigorate a franchise. [[User:Alientraveller|Alientraveller]] 13:36, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Jackson followed Jefferson as a supporter of the ideal of an "agricultural republic" and felt the bank improved the fortunes of an "elite circle" of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs at the expense of farmers and laborers. After a titanic struggle, Jackson succeeded in destroying the bank by vetoing its 1832 re-charter by Congress and by withdrawing U.S. funds in 1833. The bank's money-lending functions were taken over by the legions of local and state banks that sprang up feeding an expansion of credit and speculation; the commercial progress of the nation's economy was noticeably dented by the resulting failures.

==Non-free use disputed for Image:TramStop.jpg==

The U.S. Senate censured Jackson on [[March 27]], [[1834]] for his actions in defunding the Bank of the United States; the censure was later expunged when the Jacksonians had a majority in the Senate.

{| align="center" style="background-color: white; border:8px solid red; padding:5px; text-align: center; font-size: larger;"

===Nullification crisis===

|[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|30px|Warning sign]]

{{main|Nullification crisis}}

|This file may be '''deleted'''.

[[Image:andrew_jackson_20bill.jpg|thumb|left|Andrew Jackson is depicted on the [[American twenty dollar bill|U.S. $20 bill]].]]

Another notable crisis during Jackson's period of office was the "[[nullification crisis]]", or "secession crisis", of 1828&ndash;1832, which merged issues of sectional strife with disagreements over tariffs. Critics alleged that high tariffs (the "[[Tariff of Abominations]]") on imports of common manufactured goods made in Europe made those goods more expensive than ones from the northern U.S., thus raising the prices paid by planters in the southern U.S. Southern politicians thus argued that tariffs benefited northern industrialists at the expense of southern farmers.

The issue came to a head when Vice President [[John C. Calhoun]], in the [[South Carolina Exposition and Protest]] of 1828, supported the claim of his home state, [[South Carolina]], that it had the right to "nullify"&mdash;declare illegal&mdash;the tariff legislation of 1828, and more generally the right of a state to nullify any Federal laws which went against its interests. Although Jackson sympathized with the South in the tariff debate, he was also a strong supporter of a strong union, with considerable powers for the central government. Jackson attempted to face Calhoun down over the issue, which developed into a bitter rivalry between the two men. Particularly famous was an incident at the [[April 13]], [[1829]] Jefferson Day dinner, involving after-dinner toasts. Jackson rose first and voice booming, and glaring at Calhoun, yelled out "Our federal Union: IT MUST BE PRESERVED!", a clear challenge to Calhoun. {{cite needed}} Calhoun glared at Jackson and yelled out, his voice trembling, but booming as well, "The Union: NEXT TO OUR LIBERTY, MOST DEAR!"

In response to South Carolina's threat, Congress passed a "[[Force Bill]]" in 1833, and Jackson vowed to send troops to South Carolina in order to enforce the laws. In December 1832, he issued a resounding proclamation against the "nullifiers", stating: "I consider...the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]], unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed." {{cite needed}} South Carolina, the President declared, stood on "the brink of insurrection and treason," {{cite needed}} and he appealed to the people of the state to reassert their allegiance to that Union for which their ancestors had fought. Jackson also denied the right of secession: "The Constitution...forms a ''government'' not a league.... To say that any State may at pleasure secede from the Union is to say that the United States is not a nation."{{cite needed}}

The crisis was resolved when Jackson sent warships to Charleston, South Carolina and enforced Congress acts through the Force Bill. Tariffs gradually lowered until 1842.

===Indian Removal===

Perhaps the most controversial aspect of Andrew Jackson's presidency was his policy regarding [[American Indians in the United States|American Indians]]. Jackson was a leading advocate of a policy known as "[[Indian Removal]]", signing the [[Indian Removal Act]] into law in 1830. The Removal Act did not order the removal of any American Indians; it authorized the President to negotiate treaties to purchase tribal lands in the east in exchange for lands further west, outside of existing U.S. state borders. According to biographer [[Robert V. Remini]], Jackson promoted this policy primarily for reasons of national security, seeing that Great Britain and Spain had recruited Native Americans within U.S. borders in previous wars with the United States.<!--Remini (2001), p.113--> According to historian Anthony Wallace, Jackson never publicly advocated removing American Indians by force. Instead, Jackson made the negotiation of treaties priority: nearly seventy Indian treaties&mdash;many of them land sales&mdash;were ratified during his presidency, more than in any other administration.

[[Image:Andrew_Jackson_Statue_Nashville.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Statue of Andrew Jackson in [[Nashville, Tennessee]].]]

The Removal Act was especially popular in the [[American South|South]], where population growth and the discovery of gold on [[Cherokee]] land had increased pressure on tribal lands. The state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] became involved in a contentious jurisdictional dispute with the Cherokees, culminating in the 1832 [[U.S. Supreme Court]] decision (''[[Worcester v. Georgia]]'') that ruled that Georgia could not impose its laws upon Cherokee tribal lands. About this case, Jackson is often quoted as having said, "[[John Marshall]] has made his decision, now let him enforce it!" Jackson probably never said this; the popular story that Jackson defied the Supreme Court in carrying out Indian Removal is untrue.

Instead, Jackson used the Georgia crisis to pressure Cherokee leaders to sign a removal treaty. A faction of Cherokees led by Jackson's old ally [[Major Ridge]] negotiated the [[Treaty of New Echota]] with Jackson's administration, a document of dubious legality which was rejected by most Cherokees. However, the terms of the treaty were strictly enforced by Jackson's successor, [[Martin Van Buren]], which resulted in the deaths of thousands of Cherokees along the "[[Trail of Tears]]".

In all, more than 45,000 American Indians were relocated to the West during Jackson's administration. During this time, the administration purchased about 100 million acres (400,000 km²) of Indian land for about $68 million and 32 million acres (130,000 km²) of western land. Though the relocation process was generally popular with the American people at the time, it resulted in much suffering and death among American Indians. Jackson was criticized at the time for his role in these events, and the criticism has grown over the years. Robert Remini characterizes the Indian Removal era as "one of the unhappiest chapters in American history". <ref>[[Robert V. Remini]], ''Andrew Jackson and his Indian Wars''. (2001)</ref>

On [[January 30]], [[1835]] an unsuccessful attack occurred in the [[United States Capitol Building]]; it was the first assassination attempt made against an American President. One [[Richard Lawrence]] approached Jackson and fired two pistols, which both misfired. Lawrence was later found to be mentally ill.

===Major Presidential acts===

*[[Maysville Road Veto]]

*Signed [[Indian Removal Act of 1830]]

*Vetoed renewal of [[Second Bank of the United States]] (1832)

*Signed [[Force Bill]] of 1833

*Executive Order: [[Specie Circular]] (1836)

===Administration and Cabinet===

[[Image:Andrew jackson head.gif|thumbnail|right|Official [[White House]] portrait of Jackson.]]

{| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" align="left"

!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|

|-

|align="left"|'''OFFICE'''||align="left"|'''NAME'''||align="left"|'''TERM'''

|-

!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|

|-

|align="left"|[[President of the United States|President]]||align="left" |'''Andrew Jackson'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1837

|-

|align="left"|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]||align="left"|'''[[John C. Calhoun]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1832

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Martin Van Buren]]'''||align="left"|1833&ndash;1837

|-

!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|

|-

|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]||align="left"|'''[[Martin Van Buren]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1831

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Edward Livingston]]'''||align="left"|1831&ndash;1833

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Louis McLane]]'''||align="left"|1833&ndash;1834

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[John Forsyth (politician)|John Forsyth]]'''||align="left"|1834&ndash;1837

|-

|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]]||align="left"|'''[[Samuel Ingham]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1831

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Louis McLane]]'''||align="left"|1831&ndash;1833

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[William Duane]]'''||align="left"|1833

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Roger B. Taney]]'''||align="left"|1833&ndash;1834

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Levi Woodbury]]'''||align="left"|1834&ndash;1837

|-

|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]||align="left"|'''[[John H. Eaton]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1831

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Lewis Cass]]'''||align="left"|1831&ndash;1836

|-

|align="left"|[[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]]||align="left"|'''[[John M. Berrien]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1831

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Roger B. Taney]]'''||align="left"|1831&ndash;1833

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer)|Benjamin F. Butler]]'''||align="left"|1833&ndash;1837

|-

|align="left"|[[Postmaster General of the United States|Postmaster General]]||align="left"|'''[[William T. Barry]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1835

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Amos Kendall]]'''||align="left"|1835&ndash;1837

|-

|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]||align="left"|'''[[John Branch]]'''||align="left"|1829&ndash;1831

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Levi Woodbury]]'''||align="left"|1831&ndash;1834

|-

|align="left"|&nbsp;||align="left"|'''[[Mahlon Dickerson]]'''||align="left"|1834&ndash;1837

|}

Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:TramStop.jpg]]'''. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]] carefully, then go to [[:Image:TramStop.jpg|the image description page]] and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline]] is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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===Supreme Court appointments===

*'''[[John McLean]]''' &ndash; 1830

*'''[[Henry Baldwin (judge)|Henry Baldwin]]''' &ndash; 1830

*'''[[James Moore Wayne]]''' &ndash; 1835

*'''[[Roger Brooke Taney]]''' ([[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]]) &ndash; 1836

*'''[[Philip Pendleton Barbour]]''' &ndash; 1836

===Major Supreme Court cases===

*''[[Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia]]'', 1831

*''[[Worcester v. Georgia]]'', 1832

*''[[Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge]]'', 1837

===States admitted to the Union===

*'''[[Arkansas]]''' - 1836

*'''[[Michigan]]''' - 1837

==Family and personal life==

[[Image:Andrew Jackson Portrait.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Andrew Jackson]]

[[Image:Andrew Jackson-1844-2.jpg|thumb|[[Daguerreotype]] of Andrew Jackson (1844/1845)]]

Jackson met [[Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson|Rachel]] after her first husband, Colonel Lewis Robards, left her to get a divorce. They fell in love and quickly married. Robards returned two years later without ever having obtained a divorce. Rachel quickly divorced her first husband and then legally married Jackson. This remained a sore point for Jackson who deeply resented attacks on his wife's honor. Jackson fought 103 duels, many nominally over his wife's honor. [[Charles Dickinson (historical figure)|Charles Dickinson]], the only man Jackson every killed in a duel, had been goaded into angering Jackson by Jackson's political opponents. Nominally fought over a horse-racing debt and an insult to his wife on [[May 30]], [[1806]], Dickinson shot Jackson in the ribs before Jackson returned the fatal shot. The bullet that struck Jackson was so close to his heart that it could never be safely removed. Jackson had been wounded so frequently in duels that it was said he "rattled like a bag of marbles." <ref>{{cite book|title=Character : Profiles in Presidential Courage|last=Wallace|first=Chris|authorlink = Chris Wallace (journalist)|publisher=Rugged Land|___location = New York, NY|year=2005|id=ISBN 1590710541}}</ref>. At times he would cough up blood, and he experienced considerable pain from his wounds for the rest of his life.

Rachel died of an unknown cause two months prior to Jackson taking office as President. Jackson blamed [[John Quincy Adams]] for Rachel's death because the marital scandal was brought up in the election of 1828. He felt that this had hastened her death and never forgave Adams.

Jackson had two adopted sons, Andrew Jackson Jr., the son of Rachel's brother Severn Donelson, and Lyncoya, a Creek Indian orphan adopted by Jackson after the Creek War. Lyncoya died in 1828 at age 16, probably from [[pneumonia]] or [[tuberculosis]].

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our [[WP:CSD#Images/media|Criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:No fair -->[[User:BetacommandBot|BetacommandBot]] 04:43, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

The Jacksons also acted as guardians for eight other children. John Samuel Donelson, Daniel Donelson, and [[Andrew Jackson Donelson]] were the sons of Rachel's brother Samuel Donelson who died in 1804. Andrew Jackson Hutchings was Rachel's orphaned grand nephew. Caroline Butler, Eliza Butler, Edward Butler, and Anthony Butler were the orphaned children of Edward Butler, a family friend. They came to live with the Jacksons after the death of their father.

== Sorting ==

The widower Jackson invited Rachel's niece [[Emily Donelson]] to act as his White House hostess and unofficial [[FLOTUS|First Lady]]. Emily was married to [[Andrew Jackson Donelson]], who acted as Jackson's private secretary. The relationship between the President and Emily became strained during the [[Petticoat Affair]], and the two became estranged for over a year. They eventually reconciled and she resumed her duties as White House hostess. [[Sarah Yorke Jackson]], the wife of Andrew Jackson Jr., became co-hostess of the White House in 1834. It was the only time in history when two women simultaneously acted as unofficial First Lady. Sarah took over all hostess duties after Emily died in 1836.

I just turned to you for a little help. I saw you have added ''Class=sortable'' to [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]'s filmography table. I did the same in the [[Preity Zinta]] page, cause I found it as a good idea. Now I changed the filmography style of Zinta, and the ''Class=sortable'' doesn't work properly. Could you help me please? Thanks, --[[User:Shshshsh|<span style="color:blue">'''''Shahid'''''</span>]] • ^{''[[User talk:Shshshsh|<span style="color:teal">Talk</span><span style="color:black">'''2'''</span><span style="color:teal">me</span>]]''} 10:29, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Jackson remained influential in both national and state politics after retiring to "[[The Hermitage]]", his [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] home, in 1837. {{cite needed}} Though a slave-holder, Jackson was a firm advocate of the federal union of the states, and declined to give any support to talk of [[secession]].

:See [[m:Help:Sorting#Limitations]].--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 10:36, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Jackson was a lean figure standing at 6 feet, 1 inch (1.85 m) tall, and weighing between 130 and 140 pounds (64 kg) on average. Jackson also had an unruly shock of red hair, which had completely grayed by the time he became president at age 61. He had penetrating deep blue eyes. Jackson was one of the more sickly presidents, suffering from chronic headaches, abdominal pains, and a hacking cough that often brought up blood and sometimes even made his whole body shake. After retiring to Nashville, he enjoyed eight years of retirement and died at the Hermitage on [[June 8]], [[1845]] at the age of 78, of chronic [[tuberculosis]], "[[dropsy]]" and heart failure. His last words were: "Oh, do not cry. Be good children, and we shall all meet in Heaven." {{cite needed}}

Thank you. So I can't display it on this king of table? --[[User:Shshshsh|<span style="color:blue">'''''Shahid'''''</span>]] • ^{''[[User talk:Shshshsh|<span style="color:teal">Talk</span><span style="color:black">'''2'''</span><span style="color:teal">me</span>]]''} 10:50, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

In his will, Jackson left his entire estate to his adopted son, Andrew Jackson Jr., except for specifically enumerated items that were left to various other friends and family members. Jackson left several [[slaves]] to his daughter-in-law and grandchildren. Jackson left a sword to his grandson, with the injunction, ''"that he will always use it in defence of our glorious Union."''{{cite needed}}

:I don't know what you mean by "king of table". For tables for which sorting makes sense I recommend that cells extending over multiple rows and/or columns are avoided, so that sorting is possible.[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 11:02, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

==Memorials and movies==

* Memorials to Jackson include a set of three identical equestrian statues located in different parts of the country. One is in [[Jackson Square]] in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Another is in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] on the grounds of the [[Tennessee State Capitol]]. The other is in [[Washington, D.C.]] near the [[White House]].

[[Image:StLouisCathedralJacksonStatue.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jackson Square]] in [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]].]]

* Numerous counties and cities are named after him, including [[Jacksonville, Florida]], [[Jackson, Michigan]], [[Jackson, Mississippi]], [[Jackson, Tennessee]], [[Jackson County, Florida]], and [[Jackson County, Missouri]].

* Jackson's portrait appears on the [[American twenty dollar bill]]. He has appeared on $5, $10, $50, and $10,000 bills in the past, as well as a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] $1,000 bill.

* Jackson's image is on the [[Black Jack (stamp)|Blackjack]] postage stamp

* The story of Andrew and Rachel Jackson's life together was told in [[Irving Stone]]'s best-selling 1951 novel ''The President's Lady'', which was made into the 1953 film of the same title, starring [[Susan Hayward]], [[Charlton Heston]], [[John McIntire]], and [[Carl Betz]] and directed by [[Henry Levin]]. The relationship between the two was also the basis of a successful documentary by the [[Public Broadcasting Service]], called ''Rachel and Andrew Jackson: A Love Story.''

* Heston played Jackson in the 1958 version of ''[[The Buccaneer]]'', a film about the role of pirate [[Jean Lafitte]] in the [[Battle of New Orleans]]. [[Hugh Sothern]] played Jackson in the original 1938 version of the film.

::My bad... I meant "kind" --[[User:Shshshsh|<span style="color:blue">'''''Shahid'''''</span>]] • ^{''[[User talk:Shshshsh|<span style="color:teal">Talk</span><span style="color:black">'''2'''</span><span style="color:teal">me</span>]]''} 12:55, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

==Trivia==

* During Jackson's Administration, the U.S Government was, for the first, debt free.

* During the 1828 election, his opponents referred to him as a "[[Donkey|Jackass]]". Jackson liked the name and used the jackass as a symbol for a while, but it died out. However, it later became the symbol for the Democratic Party. [http://www.c-span.org/questions/week174.htm]

* Andrew Jackson has been said (probably without foundation) to be the creator of the term "OK", which came into currency towards the end of his life. It is supposedly his abbreviation for "Oll Korrect" (a humorous or illiterate spelling of "all correct"); he may also have known the similar Choctaw word. See [[Okay]].

* Andrew Jackson was the first president to be born in a [[log cabin]]. He also was the first president to ride a [[railroad]] train while in office.

* Andrew Jackson had a [[parrot]] named Poll, who was taught to speak both English and Spanish. Poll reportedly had to be removed from Jackson's funeral because the bird was cursing in both languages.

* [[White House]] [[historian]]s assert that Jackson held an open house party where a 1,400 pound (635 kg) wheel of [[cheddar cheese]] was served as refreshment. The cheese was consumed in two hours. [http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/aj7.html]

==[[:Deceased (disambiguation)]]==

==See also==

[[Image:Information_icon.svg|left]]Hello, this is a message from [[User:Android Mouse Bot 2|an automated bot]]. A tag has been placed on [[:Deceased (disambiguation)]], by {{#ifeq:1|1|[[User:Salaskan|Salaskan]]&nbsp;([[User talk:Salaskan|talk]]&nbsp;'''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Salaskan|contribs]]),}} another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be [[Wikipedia:Speedy deletions|speedily deleted]] from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because [[:Deceased (disambiguation)]] fits the criteria for speedy deletion for the following reason: <br><center>'''now unnecessary, this dabpage contains only two entries. An appropriate hatnote has been added at [[death]] ([[deceased]] redirects to that page)'''</center><br>To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting [[:Deceased (disambiguation)]], please affix the template <nowiki>{{hangon}}</nowiki> to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at [[WP:WMD]]. Feel free to leave a message on the [[User talk:Android Mouse|bot operator's talk page]] if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself.''' --[[User:Android Mouse Bot 2|Android Mouse Bot 2]] 21:23, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

* [[U.S. presidential election, 1824]]

* [[U.S. presidential election, 1828]]

* [[U.S. presidential election, 1832]]

* [[List of places named for Andrew Jackson]]

* [[The Hermitage]], Andrew Jackson's home, now a tourist destination

* [[List of people on stamps of Ireland]]

== Shortcut templates ==

==Notes==

<references />

I'm not sure this is such a good idea. Why are you replacing shortcuts with templates? Just expand the shortcut to the full link. --- [[User:RockMFR|RockMFR]] 18:23, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

==References==

<references/>

:The full link is fine, but if somebody does not want to type or copy the full name, a template is a solution to keep it readable. Also on talk pages.--[[User:Patrick|Patrick]] 23:39, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

===Primary sources===

* Bassett John Spencer, ed. ''Correspondence of Andrew Jackson'' Vols. 1-6. (1926).

* Smith Sam B., and Harriet Chappell Owsley, eds. ''Papers of Andrew Jackson'' . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, Vol. 1, 1980; Moser Harold D., Sharon MacPherson, and Charles F. Bryan Jr., eds. ''The Papers of Andrew Jackson''. Vols. 2-4. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988.

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/jackpap.htm online speeches and presidential messages]

== Fire sale ==

===Secondary sources===

* Brands, H. W. ''Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times'' (2005), biography emphazizing military career

*Brustein, Andrew. ''The Passions of Andrew Jackson''. New York: Knopf, (2003).

*Bugg Jr. James L. ed. ''Jacksonian Democracy: Myth or Reality?'' (1952), excerpts from scholars

* Gammon, Samuel Rhea. ''The Presidential Campaign of 1832'' (1922)

* Hammond, Bray. ''Andrew Jackson's Battle with the "Money Power"'' (1958) ch 8, of his ''Banks and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War'' (1954); Pulitzer prize.

*Hofstatder, Richard. ''The American Political Tradition'' (1948), chapter on Jackson.

*James, Marquis. ''The Life of Andrew Jackson'' New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938. Combines two books: ''The Border Captain'' and ''Andrew Jackson: Portrait of a President''; winner of the [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Pulitzer Prize for Biography]].

* Latner Richard B. ''The Presidency of Andrew Jackson: White House Politics, 1820-1837'' (1979), standard survey.

* Ogg, Frederic Austin ; ''The Reign of Andrew Jackson: A Chronicle of the Frontier in Politics'' 1919. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13009 short survey online at Gutenberg]

*Ratner, Lorman A. ''Andrew Jackson and His Tennessee Lieutenants: A Study in Political Culture'' (1997)

*[[Robert V. Remini]], ''The Life of Andrew Jackson''. Abridgment of Remini's 3-volume biography, (1998)

** ''Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767-1821'' (1977); ''Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 1822-1832'' (1981); ''Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845'' (1984)

* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E2DE133BF933A0575BC0A967948260&sec=&pagewanted=all Remini Robert]. ''The Legacy of Andrew Jackson: Essays on Democracy, Indian Removal, and Slavery'' (1988)

*Rowland, Dunbar. ''Andrew Jackson's Campaign against the British, or, the Mississippi Territory in the War of 1812, concerning the Military Operations of the Americans, Creek Indians, British, and Spanish, 1813-1815'' (1926)

*[[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.|Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr]]. ''The Age of Jackson''. (1945). Winner of the [[Pulitzer Prize for History]]. history of ideas of the era

*Taylor, George Rogers, ed. ''Jackson Versus Biddle: The Struggle over the Second Bank of the United States'' (1949), excerpts from primary and secondary sources

*Syrett, Harold C. ''Andrew Jackson: His Contribution to the American Tradition'' (1953)

*Wallace, Anthony F.C. ''The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians'' (1993)

*Ward, John William. ''Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age'' (1962) how writers saw him

* Wilentz, Sean. ''Andrew Jackson'' (2005) short biography, stressing Indian removal and slavery issues

I inserted mention of the fire sale in the Plot section and piped the link to the explanation on the Wikipedia article. Hope that works. I did consider the "see also" template to be out of place. —[[User:Erik|Erik]] ([[User talk:Erik|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Erik|contrib]]) - 17:52, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

==External links==

{{commons|Andrew Jackson}}

{{wikiquote}}

{{wikisource author}}

* [http://www.american-presidents.com/presidents/andrew-jackson Andrew Jackson Biography and Fact File]

* [http://www.expage.com/andrewjackson12 All About Andrew Jackson]

* {{gutenberg author| id=Andrew+Jackson | name=Andrew Jackson}}

* {{CongBio|J000005}}

* [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/pol-gl.htm#F. American Political History Online]

* [http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer%5Fpol%5Fhist/thumbnail129.html Andrew Jackson images]

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj7.html White House Biography]

* [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jackson/ Andrew Jackson on the Web (resource directory)]

* [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/jackson.htm Critical Resources: Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal]

* [http://www.bargeron.com/genealogy/gsb/f3802.html A genealogical profile of the President]

* [http://www.doctorzebra.com/prez/g07.htm Jackson's medical history]

* [http://www.wnpt.net/rachel/rachel_andrew/together.html PBS documentary on Rachel & Andrew's life together]

* [http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/CallBrevardPapers/ Andrew Jackson letters to Richard K. Call]

* [http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/aj7.html Andrew Jackson's 1,400 lb Cheddar]

===Inaugural addresses===

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/jackson1.htm First Inaugural Address]

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/jackson2.htm Second Inaugural Address]

===[[State of the Union address]]es===

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-1.html First State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-2.html Second State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-3.html Third State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-4.html Fourth State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-5.html Fifth State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-6.html Sixth State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-7.html Seventh State of the Union Address]

* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/jackson-8.html Eighth State of the Union Address]

== TfD nomination of [[:Template:{{ucfirst:Cod}}]]==

{{start box}}

{{USRepSuccessionBox

| state=Tennessee

| district=AL

| before=''(none)''

| after=[[William C. C. Claiborne]]

| years=1796 – 1797}}

{{U.S. Senator box

| state=Tennessee

| class=1

| before=[[William Cocke]]

| after=[[Daniel Smith]]

| alongside=[[Joseph Anderson]]

| years=1797 – 1798}}

{{succession box

| title=Military [[Governor of Florida]]

| before=''(none)''

| after=[[William P. Duval]]<br>'''(Territorial Governor)

| years=1821}}

{{U.S. Senator box

| state=Tennessee

| class=2

| before=[[John Williams (Tennessee)|John Williams]]

| after=[[Hugh Lawson White]]

| alongside=[[John H. Eaton]]

| years=1823 – 1825}}

{{succession box

| title=[[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican Party presidential nominee]]

| before=[[James Monroe]]

| after=''(none)''

| years=[[U.S. presidential election, 1824|1824]] (lost)^(a)}}

{{succession box

| title=[[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|Democratic Party presidential nominee]]

| before=''(none)''

| after=[[Martin Van Buren]]

| years=[[U.S. presidential election, 1828|1828]] (won), [[U.S. presidential election, 1832|1832]] (won)}}

{{succession box

| title=[[President of the United States]]

| before=[[John Quincy Adams]]

| after=[[Martin Van Buren]]

| years=[[March 4]] [[1829]] &ndash; [[March 3]] [[1837]]<!-- Prior to the passage of the 20th Amendment, presidential terms ended at midnight at the end of March 3. -->}}

{{succession footnote

| marker=^(a)

| footnote=The [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican Party]] split in 1824, fielding four separate candidates: '''Andrew Jackson''', [[John Quincy Adams]], [[Henry Clay]], and [[William Harris Crawford]].}}

{{end box}}

{{USPresidents}}

{{USDemPresNominees}}

{{FLGovernors}}

[[Category:1767 births|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:1845 deaths|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Deaths by tuberculosis|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Democratic Party (United States) presidential nominees|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Governors of Florida|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:People from North Carolina|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Presbyterians]]

[[Category:Presidents of the United States|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Prisoners of war|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Scots-Irish Americans|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:Slaveholders|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:United States Army generals|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Category:United States Senators from Tennessee|Jackson, Andrew]]

[[Template:{{ucfirst:Cod}}]] has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at [[Wikipedia:Templates for deletion#{{{2|Template:Cod}}}|the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page]]. Thank you.<!--Template:Tfdnotice--> — [[User talk:Sl|<big>&#9993;</big> Hello World!]] 16:12, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

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