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Templeogue is Where the arsehole who took my girlfriend is from.
{{Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen| name = ''Juniperus oxycedrus''}} <br>{{StatusSecure}}
{{Taxobox_image | image =[[Image:Cade1.jpg|240px]] | caption = ''Juniperus oxycedrus'' in southern [[France]]}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Plant]]ae}}
{{Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = [[Pinophyta]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Pinophyta|Pinopsida]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Pinales]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Cupressaceae]]}}
{{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = ''[[Juniperus]]''}}
{{Taxobox_species_entry | taxon = ''J. oxycedrus''}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_binomial_botany | color = lightgreen| binomial_name = Juniperus oxycedrus| author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]}}
{{Taxobox_end}}
'''''Juniperus oxycedrus''''', the '''Prickly Juniper''' or '''Cade Juniper''', is a species of [[juniper]], very variable in shape, forming a spreading [[shrub]] 2-3 m tall to a small erect [[tree]] 10-15 m tall. It is distributed across the [[Mediterranean]] region from [[Morocco]] and [[Portugal]], north to southern [[France]], east to westernmost [[Iran]], and south to [[Israel]], growing on a variety of rocky sites from sea level up to 1600 m altitude.
[[Image:Cade2.jpg|left|thumb|''Juniperus oxycedrus'' leaves and cones, southern France]]
Prickly Juniper has needle-like [[leaf|leaves]] in whorls of three; the leaves are green, 5-20 mm long and 1-2 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is usually [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with separate male and female plants. The seed [[conifer cone|cones]] are [[berry]]-like, green ripening in 18 months to orange-red with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 7-12 mm diameter, and have three or six fused scales in 1-2 whorls, three of the scales with a single [[seed]]. The seeds are dispersed when [[bird]]s eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2-3 mm long, and fall soon after shedding their [[pollen]] in February-March.
As to be expected from the wide range, it is very variable, and a recent study (Adams, 2000, 2004) splits it into three species:
*'''''Juniperus oxycedrus''''' L. - '''Western Prickly Juniper'''. Southwest Europe, in eastern Portugal and [[Spain]] east to southern [[France]], northwest [[Italy]], [[Corsica]], and [[Sardinia]], and northwest Africa from Morocco east to [[Tunisia]]. Leaves long (10-20 mm), narrow-based; cones smooth.
*'''''Juniperus navicularis''''' Gand. (syn. ''J. oxycedrus'' subsp. ''transtagana'') - '''Portuguese Prickly Juniper'''. Coastal southwest Portugal. Leaves short (5-12 mm); cones smooth.
*'''''Juniperus deltoides''''' R.P.Adams - '''Eastern Prickly Juniper'''. Central Italy east to Iran and Israel. Leaves long (10-20 mm), broad-based; cones with raised scale edges.
A further species ''[[Juniperus macrocarpa]]'', confined to Mediterranean coastal sands, is more distinct but has also often been treated as a subspecies of Prickly Juniper, as ''J. oxycedrus'' subsp. ''macrocarpa''; it differs in the broader leaves 2-3 mm wide, and larger cones 12-18 mm diameter.
Other close relatives of ''J. oxycedrus'' include ''[[Juniperus brevifolia]]'' on the [[Azores]], ''[[Juniperus cedrus]]'' on the [[Canary Islands]] and ''[[Juniperus formosana]]'' in eastern [[Asia]].
'''Cade oil''' is the [[essential oil]] obtained through destructive [[distillation]] of the wood of this shrub. It is a dark, aromatic oil with a strong [[tar]]-like smell which is used in some [[cosmetics]] and (traditional) skin treatment drugs.
==References==
*Adams, R. P. 2000. Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting. ''Biochem. Syst. Ecol''. 28: 515-528 [http://watson.ecs.baylor.edu/Juniperus/RApaperspdf/160-2000bBIOCH28515.pdf available online (pdf file)]
*Adams, R. P. 2004. Juniperus deltoides, a new species and nomenclatural notes on Juniperus polycarpos and J. turcomanica (Cupressaceae). ''Phytologia'' 86: 49 - 53 [http://watson.ecs.baylor.edu/Juniperus/RApaperspdf/177-2004Phytologia86-49.pdf available online (pdf file)]
==External links==
*[http://www.pinetum.org/cones/JUcones.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle photos of cones & shoots]
*[http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/bpc1911/juniperus-oxyc_oleu.html 1911 British Pharmacopaea entry about Cade Oil]
*[http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/usdisp/juniperus-oxyc_oleu.html 1918 US Dispensatory entry about Cade Oil]
[[Category:Cupressaceae]]
[[fr:Genévrier cade]]
[[it:Juniperus oxycedrus]]
[[tr:Katran ardıcı]]
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