KERA (FM) and J. K. Rowling: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Radio Station |

{{Infobox Writer

image = |

| name = J. K. = KERA-FM|Rowling

| image=

airdate = [[1973]] (as KZAG)|

| caption = Rowling at a reading in [[New York City]] on [[August 1]] [[2006]].

frequency = 90.1 [[megahertz|MHz]]|

| imagesize= 280px

area = [[Denton, Texas|Denton]]/[[Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex]]|

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|7|31|df=yes}}

format = [[Public broadcasting|Public Radio]]|

| birth_place = [[Yate]], <br>[[South Gloucestershire]], {{UK}}

owner = North Texas Public Broadcasting, Inc.|

| occupation = [[Novelist]]

erp = |

| movement =

branding = ''KERA 90.1''|

| debut_works = ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone |Harry Potter and <br />the Philosopher's<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> Stone]]'' (1997)

slogan = ''Radio Unlimited''|

| magnum_opus = ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series

class = |

|influences = [[Jane Austen]], [[Elizabeth Goudge]], [[C. S. Lewis]], [[Jessica Mitford]], [[E. Nesbit]], [[T. H. White]]

website = [http://www.kera.org kera.org] |

| website = [http://www.jkrowling.com www.jkrowling.com]

callsign_meaning = New '''era''' in broadcasting|

former_callsigns = KZAG (1973-1974)|

affiliations = [[National Public Radio|NPR]]|

}}

'''Joanne <!--Her name does NOT contain "Kathleen"; please see the section entitled "Name"--> "Jo" Rowling''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] ([[Exoniensis|Exon]] (born [[31 July]][[1965]]) <ref name="lexicon-muggle-y"><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/muggle/encyc/muggle-encyc-intro.html The Muggle Encyclopedia] - [http://www.hp-lexicon.org/muggle/encyc/muggle-y.html Y]''. Accessed [[17 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> is a [[British]] fiction [[writer]] who writes under the [[pen name]] '''J. K. Rowling'''.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/about/books/books-hp.html The Harry Potter books]''. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref> Rowling is the [[author]] of the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' [[fantasy]] series, which has gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold over 325 million copies worldwide.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth03D22J591912635584 "J. K. Rowling"]. Accessed [[23 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

In [[Sunday Times Rich List 2007|2007]], ''[[Sunday Times Rich List|The Sunday Times Rich List]]'' estimated her fortune at [[Pound sterling|£]]545 million (about $1 billion [[United States dollar|US]]), making her the first person to become a US-dollar billionaire by writing books.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Watson, Julie and Kellner, Tomas. [http://www.forbes.com/maserati/billionaires2004/cx_jw_0226rowlingbill04.html "J.K. Rowling And The Billion-Dollar Empire"]. [http://www.forbes.com/ Forbes.com], [[26 February]] [[2004]]. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</ref> She is ranked as both the 136th richest person <ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/richlist/person/0,,47084,00.html Britain‘s Rich List: Joanne Rowling]. ''The Times''. Accessed [[17 July]] [[2007]].</ref> and the 13th richest woman in Britain.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/richlist/person/0,,48214,00.html Women‘s Rich List: Joanne Rowling]. ''The Times''. Accessed [[17 July]][[2007]].</ref> In 2006, ''[[Forbes]]'' named Rowling the second richest female entertainer in the world <ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www8.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/oprah%20is%20richest%20female%20entertainer_1019476 OPRAH IS RICHEST FEMALE ENTERTAINER]. Accessed [[20 January]] [[2007]].</span></ref> and ranked her as 48th on the 100 most powerful celebrities list of 2007.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/53/07celebrities_JK-Rowling_CRTT.html Forbes]</ref>

'''KERA''' (90.1 FM) is a [[public broadcasting|public radio]] station based in [[Dallas, Texas]] that is the [[National Public Radio]] member for the [[Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex|Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex]]. Its main transmitter is located in [[Cedar Hill, Texas]], and [[broadcast translator|translators]] serve [[Tyler, Texas|Tyler]] (K261CW, 100.1 FM) and [[Wichita Falls, Texas|Wichita Falls]] (K202DR, 88.3 FM). The station was established on [[July 11]], [[1974]]. The station's call letters, which are said to represent a "new '''era''' in broadcasting," are shared with Dallas public television station [[KERA-TV]]; both are owned by North Texas Public Broadcasting Inc., a [[non-profit corporation]] registered in the state of [[Texas]]. While there is cross-promotion between stations, each operates its own [[fundraising|pledge drive]]s.

==Name==

==Programming format==

Rowling's [[Family name|surname]] is pronounced like ''rolling''. ({{IPAEng|rəʊ.lɪŋ}}).<ref name=bio><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.cliphoto.com/potter/rowling.htm "The Not Especially Fascinating Life So Far of J. K. Rowling"]. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> Her full name is "Joanne Rowling", not, as is often assumed, "Joanne Kathleen Rowling". Before publishing her first volume, [[Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|Bloomsbury]] feared that the target audience of young boys might be reluctant to buy books written by a female author. They requested that Rowling use two initials, rather than reveal her first name. As she had no middle name, she chose K. for Kathleen as the second initial of her pseudonym, from her paternal grandmother, Kathleen Ada Bulgen Rowling.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[http://genealogy.about.com/od/famous_family_trees/p/jk_rowling.htm "About.com - J.K. Rowling Family Tree"]. Accessed [[11 July]] [[2007]]. </span></ref> The name Kathleen has never been part of her legal name.<ref name="darkmark-bbc" /> She calls herself "Jo" and claims, "No one ever called me 'Joanne' when I was young, unless they were angry".<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. [http://www.angelfire.com/mi3/cookarama/cbcint_1.html "J.K. Rowling: CBC Interview #1"]. [[26 October]] [[2000]]. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

KERA's format is primarily talk shows and other programming from [[National Public Radio]] (NPR) and [[Public Radio International]] (PRI), with [[BBC World Service]] broadcasts airing overnight. Until the autumn of [[2005]], locally produced shows included Abby Goldstein's ''Lone Star Saturday Night'', a show highlighting Texas music and musicians; and a weekday talk show, ''The Glenn Mitchell Show.'' But the cancellation of Goldstein's show and [[Glenn Mitchell]]'s death on [[November 20]], [[2005]] reduced regular local programming to the Sunday-night music program ''90.1 at Night''. Soon after, Mitchell's two hour talk-show slot was revived as a one-hour show entitled ''The Talk Show'' and is produced in a similar manner to Glenn's version, with a team of new hosts.

==Early life==

Mitchell had held each year a multi-hour ''Glenn Mitchell's Christmas Spectacular'', which featured the host's archive of holiday-related interviews, stories and songs. A special version of the Christmas show was produced in 2005. It is unclear what will now become of the Christmas show after 2005.

{{seealso|Harry Potter influences and analogues}}

Rowling was born to Peter James Rowling and Anne Volant on [[31 July]] [[1965]] at [[Yate]], <!--Her birth certificate places her birth in Yate, not Chipping Sodbury, although the two towns are continuous--> [[Gloucestershire]], [[England]], {{convert|10|mi|km|+1|lk=on}} northeast of [[Bristol]].<ref name="lexicon-muggle-y" /><ref name="rowling-bio"><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ J.K. Rowling's Official Site]. [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/biography.cfm "J. K. Rowling's biography"]. Accessed [[17 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref><ref name="lexicon-muggle-r"><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/muggle/encyc/muggle-r.html Muggle Encyclopedia: R]''. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref> Her sister Dianne (Di) was born at their home when Rowling was 23 months old.<ref name="rowling-bio" /> The family moved to the nearby village [[Winterbourne, Gloucestershire|Winterbourne]] when Rowling was four where she attended [[St Michael's Primary School]],<ref>Winterbourne Family History Online, [http://www.frenchaymuseumarchives.co.uk/Archives/Schools/St_Michaels_Register_1966-70.rtf St Michael’s School Admission Register 1966-1970] - Rowling listed as admission No.305. Accessed [[14 August]] [[2006]].</ref> later moving to [[Tutshill]], near [[Chepstow]], [[South Wales]] at the age of nine.<ref name="rowling-bio" /> As a child, Rowling enjoyed writing fantasy stories, which she often read to her sister. "I can still remember me telling her a story in which she fell down a rabbit hole and was fed strawberries by the rabbit family inside it," she recalls, "Certainly the first story I ever wrote down (when I was five or six) was about a rabbit called Rabbit. He got the measles and was visited by his friends, including a giant bee called Miss Bee".<ref name=bio />

When Rowling was a young teen, her great aunt, who Rowling said "taught classics and approved of a thirst for knowledge, even of a questionable kind", gave her a very old copy of [[Jessica Mitford]]'s autobiography, ''[[Hons and Rebels]].''<ref>{{cite web|title=The first It Girl|author=JK Rowling|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/11/26/bomit05.xml|yeear=2006|accessdate=2007-07-10}}</ref> Mitford became Rowling's heroine and she subsequently read all of her books.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harry Potter - Harry and me|author= Lindsay Fraser|work=The Scotsman|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2002/1102-fraser-scotsman.html|year=2002|accesssdate=2007=07-10}}</ref>

Following the demise of Mitchell the amount of original programming produced by KERA has continued to shrink and the station now fills much of his former time slot with network programming. Many of the replacement programs are relays of the BBC World Service.

She attended secondary school at [[Wyedean School and College]]. Rowling has said of her adolescence, "[[Hermione Granger|Hermione]] is loosely based on me. She's a caricature of me when I was 11, which I'm not particularly proud of".<ref>Feldman, Roxanne. "The Truth about Harry", School Library Journal, September 1999 [http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/1999/0999-slj-feldman.htm]</ref> Sean Harris, her best friend in the Upper Sixth [12th grade] owned a turquoise Ford Anglia, which she says inspired the one in her books. "Ron Weasley isn't a living portrait of Sean, but he really is very Sean-ish."<ref>Fraser, Lindsey. ''Conversations with J.K. Rowling,'' pg 19-20 Scholastic.</ref> Of her musical tastes of the time, she said "My favorite group in the world is [[The Smiths]]. And when I was going through a punky phase, it was [[The Clash]]".<ref>Fraser, Lindsey. ''Conversations with J.K. Rowling,'' pg 29 Scholastic.</ref>

Rowling read for a BA in [[French language|French]] and [[Classics]] at the [[University of Exeter]], which she says was a "bit of a shock" as she "was expecting to be amongst lots of similar people–thinking radical thoughts." Once she made friends with "some like-minded people" she says she began to enjoy herself.<ref>Fraser, Lindsey. ''Conversations with J.K. Rowling'', pg 34 Scholastic.</ref>

== Funding ==

Like other public radio stations in the United States, KERA broadcasts extensive on-air [[pledge drive]]s in order to raise monetary contributions from listenership to part-pay for programs and operations. The remainder comes from government and corporate sponsorship. Sponsors are noted on air in the form of abbreviated commercials.

With a year of study in [[Paris]], Rowling moved to [[London]] to work as a researcher and bilingual secretary for [[Amnesty International]]. In 1990, while she was on a four-hour-delayed train trip from [[Manchester]] to [[London]], she developed the idea for a story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry.<ref name="rowling-bio" /> When she had reached her [[Clapham Junction]] flat, she began to write immediately.<ref name="rowling-bio" /><ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2002/1102-aebiography.htm "Harry Potter and Me"]. BBC Christmas Special, [[13 November]] [[2002]]. Accessed [[25 February]] [[2007]].</span></ref>

== Station Slogans ==

''Radio Worth Listening To'' (1990s)<br>

On [[December 30]] [[1990]], Rowling’s mother succumbed to a 10-year battle with the condition [[multiple sclerosis]].<ref name="rowling-bio"/> Rowling commented, “I was writing ''Harry Potter'' at the moment my mother died. I had never told her about ''Harry Potter''".<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml "There would be so much to tell her..."] ''The Daily Telegraph''. Accessed [[29 June]] [[2006]].</span></ref>

''Radio Unlimited'' (2001- )

Rowling then moved to [[Porto]], [[Portugal]] to teach English as a foreign language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/s2.cfm?id=1246372002|title=Harry Potter - Harry and me|last=Fraser|first=Lindasy|publisher=[[The Scotsman]]|date=2002-11-02|accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> While there, she married Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes on [[16 October]] [[1992]].<ref name="marriage"><span class="plainlinks">[http://about.com/ About.com]. [http://marriage.about.com/od/thearts/p/jkrowling.htm "J.K. Rowling and Neil Murray"]. Accessed [[29 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> They had one child, Jessica, who was named after Jessica Mitford. They divorced in 1993.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Weeks, Linton. [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/1999/1099-post-weeks.htm "Charmed, I'm Sure"]. ''The Washington Post'', [[20 October]] [[1999]]. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref>

In December 1994, Rowling and her daughter moved to be near her sister in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]].<ref name="rowling-bio" /> Unemployed and living on state benefits, she completed her first novel. She did her work in numerous cafés (e.g. [[Nicolson's Cafe]] and Elephant House Café), whenever she could get Jessica to fall asleep.<ref name="rowling-bio" /><ref name="hpandme"><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2001/1201-bbc-hpandme.htm "Harry Potter and Me"]. BBC Christmas Special, [[28 December]] [[2001]]. Transcribed by "Marvelous Marvolo" and Jimmi Thøgersen. [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/index2.html Quick Quotes Quill.org]. Accessed [[17 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref> There was a rumour that she wrote in local cafés to escape from her unheated flat, but in a 2001 BBC interview Rowling remarked, "I am not stupid enough to rent an unheated flat in Edinburgh in midwinter. It had heating".<ref name="hpandme" />

==''Harry Potter''==

{{main|Harry Potter}}

===''Harry Potter'' books===

<!--Please note: the two booklets Rowling composed for the Comic Relief charity are listed in the "Charity" section-->

In 1995, Rowling completed her manuscript for ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> on an old manual typewriter.<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books"><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/about/timeline-hpbooks.html A History of the Books]''. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> Upon the enthusiastic response of Bryony Evans, a reader who had been asked to review the book’s first three chapters, the Fulham-based [[Christopher Little Literary Agents]] agreed to represent Rowling in her quest for a publisher. The book was handed to twelve publishing houses, all of which rejected it.<ref name="Scotsman">McGinty, Stephen [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/s2.cfm?id=662772003 The JK Rowling Story] [[June 16]] [[2003]]. Accessed [[April 9]] [[2006]].</ref> A year later she was finally given the green light (and a £1500 advance) by editor Barry Cunningham from the small publisher [[Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|Bloomsbury]].<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/ BarnesandNoble.com]. [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/writers/writerdetails.asp?z=y&cid=855300#interview "Meet the Writers: J. K. Rowling"]. Accessed [[25 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref><ref name="Scotsman" /> The decision to take Rowling on was apparently largely due to Alice Newton, the eight-year-old daughter of the company’s chairman, who was given the first chapter to review by her father, and immediately demanded the next.<ref name="Eight year old saves Potter">{{cite news|author=John Lawless|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/6/story.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10333960 |publisher=New Zealand Herald|year=2005|title= Revealed: The eight-year-old girl who saved Harry Potter|date=July 3, 2005}}</ref> Although Bloomsbury agreed to publish the book, Cunningham says that he advised Rowling to get a day job, since she had little chance of making money in children’s books.<ref>[http://www.wkyc.com/news/news_print.asp?id=37577 "Harry Potter has been very good to JK Rowling] [[July 7]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[9 April]] [[2006]].</ref> Soon after, Rowling received an £8000 grant from the [[Scottish Arts Council]] to enable her to continue writing.<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" /><ref>[http://www.hpana.com/news.17727.html Scottish Arts Council Wants Payback] [[November 30]] [[2003]]. Accessed [[April 9]] [[2006]].</ref>

The following spring, an auction was held in the United States for the rights to publish the novel, and was won by [[Scholastic Press|Scholastic Inc.]], who paid Rowling more than $100,000. Rowling has said she “nearly died” when she heard the news.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.veritaserum.com/ Veritaserum.com], ''[http://www.veritaserum.com/books/book1/about.shtml Sorcerer's Stone Book Information]''. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> In June 1997, Bloomsbury published ''Philosopher’s<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> Stone'' with an initial print-run of one thousand copies, five hundred of which were distributed to libraries. Today, such copies are each valued at between £16,000 and £25,000.<ref>[http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/07.27.05/potter-0530.html Rare Harry Potter books] [[July 22]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[April 9]] [[2006]].</ref>

Five months later, the book won its first award, a [[Nestlé Smarties Book Prize]]. In February, the novel won the prestigious [[British Book Awards|British Book Award]] for Children’s Book of the Year, and, later the Children’s Book Award. In October 1998, Scholastic published ''Philosopher’s<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> Stone'' in the US under the title of ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone'': a change Rowling claims she now regrets and would have fought if she had been in a better position at the time.<ref name="darkmark-bbc"><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.darkmark.com/c.c?l=interview2&t=J.K.%20Rowling:%20BBC%20Online%20Chat "J.K. Rowling: BBC Online Chat"]. March 2001. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref><ref name="lexicon-timeline-books"/>

In December 1999, the third ''Harry Potter'' novel, ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'', won the Smarties Prize, making Rowling the first person to win the award three times running.<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" /> She later withdrew the fourth ''Harry Potter'' novel from contention to allow other books a fair chance. In January 2000, ''Prisoner of Azkaban'' won the inaugural [[1999 Whitbread Awards|Whitbread Children’s Book of the Year award]], though it lost the Book of the Year prize to [[Seamus Heaney]]’s translation of ''[[Beowulf]]''.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Gibbons, Fiachra. [http://books.guardian.co.uk/specialreports/whitbread/story/0,,128965,00.html "Beowulf slays the wizard"]. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/0,,,00.html Guardian Unlimited], [[26 January]] [[2000]], accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref>

All seven volumes of the ''Harry Potter'' series, one for each of Harry’s school years, have already been published and all have broken sales records. The last four volumes in the series have been the fastest-selling books in history, grossing more in their opening 24 hours than blockbuster films.<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" /><ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,16961,00.html?tnews "Potter sales record"]. ''EOnline'', [[July 18]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[1 April]] [[2006]].</span></ref><ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/harrypotter10.html "Harry Potter Returns"]. ''Infoplease'', [[June 23]] [[2003]]. Accessed [[11 June]] [[2006]].</span></ref> As of June 2007, the series has sold over 300 million copies worldwide and has been translated into 65 languages since the publishing of the first book in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=Final Harry Potter is expected to set record|url=http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2007/06/29/final_harry_potter_is_expected_to_set_record/|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref>

The seventh and [[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows|final book]] of the series was released [[July 21]][[2007]]. Its title was revealed on [[21 December]][[2006]] to be ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bloomsbury press release|url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/harrypotter/default.asp?sec=4|accessdate=2007-05-25}}</ref> On [[1 February]] [[2007]] Rowling wrote on a bust in her hotel room at the Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh that she had completed the seventh book in that room on [[11 January]] [[2007]]; this was confirmed to be authentic by Rowling's and the hotel's representatives.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=3&id=181062007|title=Finish or bust - JK Rowling's unlikely message in an Edinburgh hotel room|date=2007-02-03|accessdate=2007-02-07|publisher=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref>

In February 2007, Neil Blair, a lawyer with Rowling's literary agency, announced that ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'' will not be released as an e-book. Rowling has not allowed the first six Potter stories to be released as e-books and has no plans to change that for the seventh and final work.<ref name="NewsMax">[http://newsmax.com/archives/articles/2007/2/5/114757.shtml J.K. Rowling: No E-Book for Harry Potter]". [[Associated Press]], [[February 5]], [[2007]].</ref>

===''Harry Potter'' films===

In October 1998, [[Warner Bros.]] purchased the film rights to the first two novels for a seven-figure sum.<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books"/> A film version of ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> was released on [[16 November]] [[2001]] and ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' on [[15 November]] [[2002]].<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" /> Both were directed by [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]].<ref>{{imdb title|id=0241527|title=Harry Potter and the Philospher's Stone}}</ref><ref>{{imdb title|id=0295297|title=Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets}}</ref> The [[4 June]] [[2004]] film version of ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)|Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' was directed by [[Alfonso Cuarón]].<ref>{{imdb title|id=0304141|title=Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban}}</ref><ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" /> The fourth film, ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', was directed by yet another new director, [[Mike Newell (director)|Mike Newell]]. ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' was released on [[11 July]] [[2007]]. [[David Yates]] is the film's director, and [[Michael Goldenberg]] is its screenwriter, having taken over the position from [[Steven Kloves]]. ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)| Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' is in pre-production, and is scheduled for release on [[21 November]] [[2008]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mugglenet.com/app/news/full_story/251|title=Confirmed: HBP movie release date|publisher=[[MuggleNet]]|date=[[2006]]-[[08-04]]}}</ref> David Yates will once again direct the film, and it has been confirmed that Kloves will return to screenwrite it.<ref>{{cite news | title=Screenwriter will sit out one 'Potter' | url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=371074 | work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |date=2004-11-16 | accessdate=2007-03-30|last=Fienberg|first=Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=41338|title=Yates Confirmed For Potter VI|date=[[2007-05-03]]|work=Sci Fi Wire|accessdate=2007-05-03|last=Spelling|first=Ian}}</ref> Nothing has been announced regarding the film version of the final book, ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]''.

In contrast to the treatment of most authors by Hollywood studios, Warner Bros took considerable notice of Rowling's desires and thoughts in their attempt to bring her books to the screen. One of her principal stipulations was the films be shot in Britain with an all-British cast, which has so far been adhered to strictly.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2000/0600-times-treneman.html "J.K. Rowling, the interview"]. ''The Times (UK)'', [[30 June]] [[2000]]. Accessed [[26 July]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> In an unprecedented move, Rowling also demanded that [[Coca-Cola]], the victor in the race to [[tie-in]] their products to the film series, donate $18 million to the American charity [[Reading is Fundamental]], as well as a number of community charity programs.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/1588261.stm Coke backs Harry Potter literacy drive]. BBC News, [[09 October]] [[2001]]. Accessed [[26 July]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

The first four films were scripted by Steve Kloves; Rowling assisted him in the writing process, ensuring that his scripts did not contradict future books in the series. She says she has told him more about the later books than anybody else, but not everything.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Mzimba, Lizo, moderator. [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm "Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling"]. [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/index2.html Quick Quotes Quill.org], February 2003. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref> She has also said that she told [[Alan Rickman]] (Snape) and [[Robbie Coltrane]] (Hagrid) certain secrets about their characters before they were revealed in the books.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2001/1101-bbc.html "J.K. Rowling: 'Fans will be happy'"]. ''cBBC Newsround'', [[02 November]] [[2001]]. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> [[Steven Spielberg]] was approached to direct the first film, but dropped out. The press has repeatedly claimed that Rowling played a role in his departure, but Rowling stated on her website that she has no say in who directs the films.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/rubbishbin_view.cfm?id=8 "Rowling denies vetoing Spielberg"]. Accessed [[3 April]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> Rowling's first choice for the director of the first Harry Potter{{Polytonic|}} film had been [[Monty Python]] alumnus [[Terry Gilliam]], being a fan of Gilliam's work. Warner Bros. studios wanted a more family friendly film, however, and eventually they settled on [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]].<ref>[http://www.wizardnews.com/story.20050829.html Wizard News: Terry Gilliam Bitter About "Potter"]</ref>

===After ''Harry Potter''===

Rowling has stated that she plans to continue writing after the publication of the final ''Harry Potter'' book, ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]''. She declared in a recent interview that she will most likely not use a new pen name as the press would quickly discover her true identity.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.mugglenet.com/jkr/interviews/bbc4.shtml "J.K. Rowling and Stephen Fry interview"]. Radio 4, [[10 December]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref>

In 2006, Rowling revealed that she had completed a few short stories and another children's book (a "political fairy story") about a monster, aimed at a younger audience than ''Harry Potter'' readers.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/jan/11potter.htm "J.K. Rowling on Finishing Harry Potter"]. [[11 January]] [[2006]]. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref>

She is not planning to write an eighth ''Harry Potter'' book, but has suggested she might publish an "encyclopedia" of the ''Harry Potter'' world consisting of all her unpublished material and notes. Any profits from such a book would be given to charity.<ref>[http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=24 JKR's site; no eighth book] Accessed [[10 April]] [[2006]].</ref> When asked, in an interview on the [[6 July]] [[2007]] episode of ''[[Friday Night with Jonathan Ross]]'', whether she would ever write an eighth Harry Potter novel Rowling confirmed that she only ever planned to write seven books in the series but also that she could not rule it out entirely. ''"Um, I think that Harry's story comes to quite a clear end in Book Seven but I've always said that I wouldn't say "never". I can't say I'll never write another book about that world just because I think what do I know, in ten years time I might want to return to it but I think it's unlikely"''.<ref>[http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2007/0706-bbc-ross.html Transcript of J. K. Rowling interview on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross]</ref> In a recent interview, she said she "wants to fall in love with another idea...", also stating that "Harry Potter was the experience of a lifetime".

==Personal life and family==

In 2001, Rowling purchased a luxurious 19th century [[estate house]], [[Killiechassie House]], on the banks of the [[River Tay]], near [[Aberfeldy, Scotland|Aberfeldy]], in [[Perth and Kinross]], Scotland.<ref name="lexicon-muggle-k"><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/muggle/encyc/muggle-encyc-intro.html The Muggle Encyclopedia] - [http://www.hp-lexicon.org/muggle/encyc/muggle-k.html K]''. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> Rowling also owns a home in [[Merchiston]], Edinburgh, and a [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] house in London, on a street where, according to ''The Guardian'', the average price of a house is £4.27 million ($8 million), including an underground swimming pool and 24-hour security.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> Collinson, Patrick. [http://business.guardian.co.uk/story/0,3604,1470285,00.html "Rub shoulders with Brucie for £4.3m, or Tony for £7,250"]. ''[http://www.guardian.co.uk/0,,,00.html Guardian Unlimited]'', [[26 April]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[21 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

On [[26 December]] [[2001]], Rowling married Neil Michael Murray, an [[anaesthetist]], in a private ceremony at her home in [[Aberfeldy, Scotland|Aberfeldy]].<ref name="lexicon-muggle-k" /> Their son David Gordon Rowling Murray was born on [[24 March]] [[2003]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Baby joy for JK Rowling|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2883095.stm|work=BBC News|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-25}}</ref> Shortly after Rowling began writing ''Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince'', she took a break from working on the novel to care for him in his early infancy.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ J.K. Rowling's Official Site]. [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=62 "Progress on Book Six"]. [[15 March]] [[2004]]. Accessed [[22 March]] [[2006]].</span></ref> Rowling's youngest child and daughter, Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, to whom she dedicated ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'', was born in January 2005.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ J.K. Rowling's Official Site]. [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=83 "JKR gives Birth to Baby Girl"]. [[25 January]] [[2005]]. Accessed [[22 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

== Philanthropist ==

J.K. Rowling, once a single parent herself, is now President of One Parent Families.<ref name="OPF">{{cite web|url=http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/|title=One Parent Families Gingerbread|work=OneParentFamilies|accessdate=2007-07-11}}</ref> Rowling has supported the charity since 2000 when she became its first Ambassador.<ref>[http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/scch_A898BD765F2C265B6DDDFE5A2A8F6BF3_scrt_rowling/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm One Parent Families. accessed 11 July 2007]</ref>

J.K. Rowling contributes substantially to charities that combat [[poverty]] and [[social inequality]]. She also gives to organizations that aid children, one parent families, and multiple sclerosis research.

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', Rowling is a friend of Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] and his wife, Sarah, with whom she collaborated on a book of children's stories to aid the charity One Parent Families.<ref>[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labourleadership/story/0,,2078636,00.html Guardian Unlimited, Gordon's Women]</ref> Rowling, along with [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Al Gore]], and [[Alan Greenspan]], wrote an introduction to a collection of Gordon Brown's speeches, of which the proceeds are being donated to the Jennifer Brown Research Laboratory.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4878754.stm BBC News, Brown publishes greatest speeches]</ref>

===Comic Relief===

In 2001, the UK fundraiser [[Comic Relief]] asked three bestselling British authors -- cookery writer and TV presenter [[Delia Smith]], [[Bridget Jones]] creator [[Helen Fielding]], and Rowling -- to submit booklets related to their most famous works for publication. For every pound raised, a pound would go towards combatting poverty and social inequality across the globe. Rowling's two booklets, ''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]'' and ''[[Quidditch Through the Ages]]'', are ostensibly facsimiles of books found in the [[Hogwarts]] library, and are written under the names of their fictional authors, [[Newt Scamander]] and [[Kennilworthy Whisp]].<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.hp-lexicon.org/index-2.html The Harry Potter Lexicon], ''[http://www.hp-lexicon.org/about/books/qa/book_qa.html Quidditch through the Ages]''. Accessed [[19 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> Since going on sale in March, 2001, the books have raised £15.7 million ($30 million US) for the fund. The £10.8 million ($20 million US) raised outside the UK has been channelled into a newly created International Fund for Children and Young People in Crisis.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> ''[http://www.comicrelief.com/stufftobuy/morebooks.shtml Comic Relief books]''. Accessed [[12 June]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> She has also personally given £22 million to Comic Relief.<ref name=dailymail>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/femail/article.html?in_article_id=402027&in_page_id=187|title=What does JK Rowling do with her money?

|work=Daily Mail|last=Boshoff|first=Alison|accessmonthday=24 August|accessyear=2006}}</ref>

===Multiple Sclerosis Society Scotland===

Rowling has contributed money and support for research and treatment of [[multiple sclerosis]], from which her mother died in 1990. This death heavily affected her writing, according to Rowling.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ J.K. Rowling's Official Site]. [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/links_ms.cfm "MS Society Scotland"]. Accessed [[22 March]] [[2006]]. </ref><ref><span class="plainlinks"> Greig, Geordie. [http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2006/0110-tatler-grieg.html "There would be so much to tell her..."]. ''Tatler Magazine'', [[10 January]] [[2006]]. Accessed [[22 March]] [[2006]]. </span></ref><ref> In fact, on [[Richard and Judy]], [[June 26]],[[2006]], she said that she introduced much more detail about Harry's loss in the first book, because she knew about how it felt. <span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.mugglenet.com/mnnews/06262006/transcriptrandjudy.shtml Transcript], Accessed [[4 July]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> In 2006, Rowling contributed a substantial sum toward the creation of a new Centre for Regenerative Medicine at [[Edinburgh University]]. For reasons unknown, Scotland, Rowling's country of adoption, has the highest rate of MS in the world.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> MS Society, Scotland [http://www.research-innovation.ed.ac.uk/records/news/MS-research_210406.asp JK Rowling funds new MS centre]. ''Edinburgh Research and Innovation, University of Edinburgh'', [[21 April]] [[2006]]. Accessed [[10 June]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

===Other donations===

On [[1 August]] and [[2 August]] [[2006]] she read alongside [[Stephen King]] and [[John Irving]] at [[Radio City Music Hall]] in New York City. Profits from the event were donated to the Haven Foundation, a charity that aids artists and performers left uninsurable and unable to work, and the medical [[NGO]] [[Médecins Sans Frontières]].<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://finance.yahoo.com/ Yahoo Finance]. [http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/060510/nyw049.html?.v=50 Carrie, Harry and Garp]. [[May 10]] [[2006]] &nbsp;Accessed [[4 July]] [[2006]]. </span></ref> In May 2007, Rowling gave [[United States dollar|US$]]495,000 to a reward fund of over $4.5 million for the safe return of a young British girl, [[Disappearance of Madeleine McCann|Madeleine McCann]], who was kidnapped in Portugal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007May13/0,4670,PeopleRowling,00.html|title=Potter Author Adds to U.K. Reward Fund|date=[[2007-05-13]]|work=Fox News|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6652937.stm|title=Madeleine father sure she is safe|date=[[2007-05-14]]|work=BBC News|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> In January 2006, Rowling went to [[Bucharest]] to raise funds for the Children's High Level Group, an organization devoted to enforcing the human rights of mentally ill children in Eastern Europe, particularly the continued use of caged beds in mental institutions.<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ J.K. Rowling's Official Site].</ref>

==Honours==

In June 2000, [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] honoured Rowling by making her an [[Order of the British Empire|Officer of the Order of the British Empire]].<ref name="lexicon-timeline-books" />

In April 2006, the [[asteroid]] [[(43844) Rowling]] was named in her honour.<ref>{{cite web|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser|work=NASA JPL|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=43844|accessdate=2006-04-28}}</ref> The name was submitted to the [[International Astronomical Union]] by [[astronomer]] Dr. Mark Hammergren, who has been a fan of the ''Harry Potter'' series since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pr-inside.com/harry-potter-creator-jk-rowling-has-had-an-asteroid-named-after-her-r11990.htm |title=Harry Potter creator JK Rowling has an asteroid named after here |accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpana.com/news.19493.html |title=Asteroid named after JKR |accessdate=2007-06-21}}</ref>

In May 2006, the newly-discovered [[Pachycephalosaurid]] [[dinosaur]] ''[[Dracorex hogwartsia]]'', currently at the Children's Museum in [[Indianapolis]], was named in honour of her world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dinosaur is dead ringer for Potter dragon|work=The Times|author= Jack Malvern|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2194527,00.html|accessdate=2006-06-08}}</ref>

In June 2006, the British public named Rowling “the greatest living British writer” in a poll by ''The Book Magazine''. Rowling topped the poll, receiving nearly three times as many votes as the second-place author, fantasy writer [[Terry Pratchett]].<ref><span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.news.bbc.co.uk BBC News], ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5058220.stm BBC News: Rowling voted greatest living British author]''. Accessed [[June 11]] [[2006]]. </span></ref>

In July 2006 Rowling received a Doctor of Laws (LLD) honorary degree from [[University of Aberdeen]] for her "significant contribution to many charitable causes" and "her many contributions to society".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abdn.ac.uk/mediareleases/release.php?id=638|title=‘Harry Potter’ author JK Rowling receives Honorary Degree|accessdate=2007-03-31|date=2006-07-06}}</ref>

At the end of a Harry Potter [[Blue Peter]] Special (broadcast 20/07/07), J.K. Rowling's third appearence on the show, she was presented, by [[Gethin Jones]], a Gold [[Blue Peter Badge]]. This, the highest award given by the show, reduced her to tears. She recounted being told on her previous apearance, when she got a silver badge, that she wouldn't get the gold unless she saved lives.

==Bibliography==

===Books===

*''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''<!-- DO NOT change to Sorceror--> ([[26 June]] [[1997]]) (titled ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'' in the [[United States]])

*''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' ([[2 July]] [[1998]])

*''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' ([[8 September]] [[1999]])

*''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' ([[8 July]] [[2000]])

*''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]'' (2001)

*''[[Quidditch Through the Ages]]'' (2001)

*''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' ([[21 June]] [[2003]])

*''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' ([[16 July]], [[2005]])

*''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' ([[21 July]] [[2007]])

===Articles and other works===

*''[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/11/26/bomit05.xml| The first It Girl. J.K. Rowling reviews Decca: the Letters of Jessica Mitford ed by Peter Y Sussman]'' ([[26 July]] [[2006]])

*''Moving Britain Forward. Selected Speeches 1997-2006 by Gordon Brown.'' Introduction by J.K. Rowling on ''Ending Child Poverty'' Bloomsbury (2006)

*[http://www.bloomsbury.com/magic/ ''Magic''] a collection of short stories, edited by Gil McNeil and Sarah Brown, with a foreword by J.K. Rowling, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc (2002)

==See also==

*[[Mary GrandPré]] – the illustrator of the US editions of the Harry Potter series.

*[[Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series]]

*[[Religious opposition to the Harry Potter series]]

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

<!-- Dead note "film6-imdb": {{imdb title|id=0417741|title=Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince}}--><!--not actually cited at the moment, but there just in case-->

==External links==

*{{FMQ|KERAwikiquote}}

*[http://www.jkrowling.com/en English section of J.K. Rowling's official personal site]

*[http://www.kera.org/radio/ KERA Radio]

*[http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/ English section of J.K. Rowling's official personal site (text-only version)]

*[http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kera/ppr/index.shtml Listen to KERA online] via [[Windows Media Audio]] and [[MP3]] streams.

{{hpw|J. K. Rowling}}

*{{FMQ|KERA}}; see also listing with map and translators at [http://recnet.com/cdbs/fmq.php?facid=49323 Recnet]

* {{isfdb name|id=J._K._Rowling|name=J. K. Rowling}}

* {{imdb name | id=0746830 | name=J.K. Rowling}}

* {{IBList |type=author|id=146|name=J.K. Rowling}}

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