Misandry and Carnival Cruise Line: Difference between pages

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'''Misandry''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] {{IPA|[mɪ.ˈsæn.dri]}}) is the hatred of [[male]]s as a sex,<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/misandry]</ref> as opposed to [[misogyny]], the hatred or fear of women. ''Misandry'' comes from ''misos'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''μῖσος'', "hatred") + ''andras'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''ἄνδρας'', "man"). Although misandry is sometimes confused with ''[[misanthropy]],'' the terms are not interchangeable, for the latter refers more generally to the hatred of humanity. A concept related to misandry is ''[[androphobia]],'' the fear of men, but not necessarily hatred of them. The opposite of misandry is [[philandry]], the love of men.

[[Image:Logo carnivalcruises.png|right|Carnival Cruise Lines logo.]]

Misandry is not discussed very often compared to [[misogyny]]. The prevalence and extent of misandry is still disputed.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Research into misandry is fairly recent and therefore controversial. Paul Nathanson and Katherine K. Young, authors of the 2001 book ''Spreading Misandry: The Teaching of Contempt for Men in Popular Culture,'' are primarily responsible for the introduction of the concept of misandry as a serious (though controversial) term in gender politics in popular and academic discussion. [[Judith Levine]] calls misandry "the hate that dares not speak its name."<ref>Levine ''My Enemy, My Love: Man-hating and Ambivalence in Women's Lives''</ref>

'''Carnival Cruise Lines''' ([[NYSE]]: [http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=CCL CCL]) is a [[cruise line]] operating a large number of [[cruise ships]]. It originally was an independent company founded in [[1972]] by [[Ted Arison]]. It is now a branded division within [[Carnival Corporation & plc]], a publicly traded company with [[Micky Arison]] as the Chairman. Carnival Corporation & plc owns a number of different cruise lines and has become the largest corporation in the cruise industry. Carnival and its affiliates [[Holland America Line]], [[Princess Cruises]], [[Cunard Line]], [[Costa Cruises]] and the [[Seabourn Cruise Line|Yachts of Seabourn]], and (until early

==Political Definition of Misandry==

[[2007]] when they were sold off) Windstar Cruises; are branded by the company as the ''World's Leading Cruise Lines''.

Authors Paul Nathanson and Katherine Young assert that misandry primarily stems from the gynocentric use of [[gender]], and is used to blame all men as being responsible for imposing gender. To Nathanson and Young this assumption makes men's society the official scapegoats for all evil and the women's society the official victims, responsible for all good. Misandry further asserts that men must pay reparations to women collectively for their crimes against women throughout history. They believe the notion of gender as a social construct that holds the assumptions that ''the end justifies the means'', and "''collective rights trump individual rights''".<!-- Too much quoting. Quotes should be paraphrased and referenced; otherwise the article looks like a journalistic piece. -->

Carnival was a pioneer in the concept of cheaper and shorter cruises. Its ships are known for their [[Las Vegas Strip|Las Vegas]]-style decor and entertainment. The line calls its ships ''The Fun Ships'' and there is a wide range of activities offered on board. Its trademark is the smoke stack, or [[Funnel (ship)|funnel]], which is red, white and blue and shaped like a whale's tail. The mascot for Carnival is "Fun Ship Freddy", a character in the shape of Carnival's distinctive funnel.

Nathanson and Young assert that [[political correctness]], academic deconstructionism, and "fronts"{{Specify|date=March 2007}} are strategies that feminists use to make the world safe, and therefore promote a misandric worldview.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} They posit that the underlying ideological feminism is an ideology that derived from Marxism and romanticism, with class and nation replaced respectively by gender" to perpetrate the hatred of men as a class.

In 1996 the ''[[Carnival Destiny]]'' of 101,000 gross tons became the largest passenger ship in the world at the time. As of 2007, the latest and largest ship in the Carnival Fleet is the [[Carnival Freedom]], a Conquest Class ship and Carnival's second ship to be based in Europe. The company announced three new ships in early 2007: the [[Carnival Splendor (ship)|Carnival Splendor]], to debut July 13, 2008, the [[Carnival Dream]], set to debut in October 2009, and the [[Carnival Magic]], set to debut in June 2011.

Individualist and feminist Wendy McElroy believes that "gender feminists have redefined the view of the movement of the opposite sex" as "a hot anger toward men seems to have turned into a cold hatred".<ref>Wendy McElroy, ''Sexual Correctness'', p. 5.</ref> Men as a class are considered irreformable, 'all' men are considered rapists, and marriage, rape and prostitution are seen as the same things. In agreement with the assertions of Nathanson and Young she states "a new ideology has come to the forefront... radical or gender, feminism", one that has "joined hands with political correctness-a movement that condemns the panorama of western civilization as sexist and racist: the product of 'dead white males.'"<ref>''Ibid.'' p. 4, 6</ref><!-- Why not reprint their books here if nearly every sentence must come from one of their books? -->

==Ships==

==Types of misandry in popular culture==

Here is the list of all Carnival cruise ships that either have been, are currently in, or will soon be in service, in chronological order:

Nathanson and Young, in their book ''Spreading Misandry'', noted the following types of man-hating behavior, which they see as prevalent in popular culture; it is listed in order from what they consider most benign to most malignant. While Nathanson and Young attempt to show the full scope of misandry, other independent authors have weighed in as well with similar but more specific observations.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}<!-- What does this say? And, more importanly, what does this add? --> Therefore, for brevity, this section uses Nathanson and Young's classifications and characterizations as a ''preliminary'' guide within which to contain the anecdotal observations of other authors.

===Pre-Holiday Class===

* '''Laughing at Men:''' In this, the most benign form of misandry, sexism is applied to popular forms of humor. Men are routinely made the objects of steoreotypical ridicule in ways that would generate sustained outrage were the sexes reversed. Nathanson and Young note that feminists "may sometimes find it hard to laugh at themselves as feminists, though not as women, but seldom find it hard to laugh at men."

* ''[[Apollon (ship)|Mardi Gras]] (Retired)''

* ''Carnivale (Retired)''

* ''[[Island Breeze (ship)|Festivale]] (Retired)''

* ''Tropicale'' (now ''[[Pacific Star (ship)|Pacific Star]]'')

===Holiday Class===

* '''Looking Down on Men:''' Misandric "feminists have convinced many people that women are somehow superior to men." Like other groups, feminists interpret differences between the sexes as "an excuse to assign superiority and inferiority" in the usual hierarchical fashion.

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Holiday (ship)|Holiday]]''

* ''Jubilee'' (now ''[[Pacific Sun (ship)|Pacific Sun]]'')

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Celebration (ship)|Celebration]]''

===[[Fantasy class|Fantasy Class]]===

* '''Bypassing men:''' In this view, men are "not necessarily evil, just superfluous." Feminists like [[Andrea Dworkin]] urge as little contact as possible with men, separation of the sexes and indifference to men (rather than hostility toward men). Men are considered useless as lovers, husbands, fathers and as human beings.

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Fantasy (ship)|Fantasy]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Ecstasy (ship)|Ecstasy]]''

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Sensation (ship)|Sensation]]''

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Fascination (ship)|Fascination]]''

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Imagination (ship)|Imagination]]''

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Inspiration (ship)|Inspiration]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[MS Elation|Elation]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[MS Paradise|Paradise]]''

===[[Destiny Class]]===

* '''Blaming Men:''' To blame men for all of human history, gender-feminists use the conspiracy theory of history to claim that "all of human history can be reduced to a titanic conspiracy" of men oppressing women. Nathanson and Young note that "evidence is often deliberately falsified to make (misandric) political claims about gender." The result is that "men are collectively or vicariously responsible for most or all of human suffering."

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Carnival Destiny]]''

* {{flagicon|Bahamas}} ''[[Carnival Triumph]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Victory]]''

Two more ships of this class sail for Carnival's sister company [[Costa Cruises]], the [[Costa Fortuna]] and the [[Costa Magica]].

===[[Spirit Class]]===

* '''Dehumanizing Men:''' In this form of misandry, men are shown as inherently evil while women are seen as inherently good or even heroic. Men are highlighted as the evil predatory sex that preys on an innocent, morally superior<ref>[http://dir.salon.com/story/books/feature/2002/03/29/girls/print.html]</ref> sex as represented by women. In essence, men are considered morally unredeemable beasts while women are considered morally redeeming human beings.

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Spirit]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Pride]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Legend]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Miracle]]''

Two more ships of this class sail for Carnival's sister company [[Costa Cruises]], the [[Costa Atlantica]] and the [[Costa Mediterranea]].

===[[Conquest Class]]===

* '''Demonizing Men:''' Men are shown as demonic, like sinister subhumans and evil superhumans. Men are directly demonized by being portrayed as devils or as evil aliens. They are also demonized indirectly by being relentlessly identified with aggressive men whose actions "''either are not or cannot be explained entirely or adequately to viewers in rational terms''."<!-- This is a little silly -->

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Conquest]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Glory]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Valor]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Liberty]]''

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Freedom]]''

Three more ships similar to this class sail for or shall be sailing for Carnival's sister company [[Costa Cruises]], the [[Costa Concordia]], the [[Costa Serena]] and the [[Costa Luminosa]].

===Splendor Class===

==Intimate, parental, and familial misandry by women==

* {{flagicon|Panama}} ''[[Carnival Splendor]]''

Feminist writer Judith Levine alternatively focuses on private manifestations of misandry in her 1992 book, ''My Enemy, My Love: Man-hating and Ambivalence in Woman's Lives''. She explicates what she considers as the "intellectually and emotionally rich, little explored, often subterranean world of women's hatred of men" and ambivalence toward men. This she addresses "in a unique examination of the family, traces the role of man-hating in the unfolding of contemporary feminism".

Even though this ship is actually a sister ship to all the ships in the Conquest Class, this ship is actually quite unique in the Carnival fleet, offering facilities other ships don't have. This is due to the fact that the ship was originally designed for Carnival's sister company [[Costa Cruises]]. Its inaugural voyage will be on 13 July 2008 from London (Dover), and will be Carnival's first of five voyages to Northern Europe.

===Future ships===

Levine classifies the following steoreotypical men as targets of women's misandry within intimate relationships:

* {{flagicon|Panama}} '''''[[Carnival Dream]]''''' Expected to enter service in October 2009 with a gross tonnage of 130,000 and a passenger capacity of 3,652 making it Carnival's largest ship ever.

* Infants: the Mama's Boy, the Babbler, the Bumbler and the Invalid;

* {{flagicon|Panama}} '''''[[Carnival Magic]]''''' Expected to enter service in June 2011.

* Betrayers: the Seducer, the Slave, the Abandoner, and the Abductor; and

* Beasts: the Brute, the Pet, the Pervert, the Prick, and the Killer.

==History in brief==

Within the family, she asserts that father-abandonment of daughters, familial gender standards that discriminate against daughters and paternal neglect of daughters are a root cause of misandry in women. She also shows fathers, brothers and husbands as misandric targets of the (modern) feminism that smashed the "Family" so that a "politically conscious battalion of daughters" could replace male familial roles "by banding together as sisters" to "run everything" by themselves.

===1970s===

* 1972 – Maiden voyage of Carnival’s first ship, the TSS Mardi Gras, which runs aground on sandbar outside the Port of Miami.

* 1975 – Carnival purchases Empress of Britain, enters service as the TSS Carnivale.

* 1978 – The Festivale, formerly the S.A. Vaal, undergoes $30 million refurbishment, begins service for Carnival as the largest and fastest vessel sailing from Miami to the Caribbean.

===1980s===

==Misandry and misogyny==

* 1982 – Debut of the Tropicale, the first new cruise ship the cruise industry had seen in many years; ship marks the beginning of an industry-wide multi-billion-dollar shipbuilding boom.

Christina Hoff Sommers notes what she calls a 'corrosive paradox' of feminism that she considers misandric: what she believes is an idea "that no group of women can wage war on men without at the same time denigrating the women who respect those men." She says, "it is just not possible to incriminate men without implying that large numbers of women are fools or worse." To Hoff Sommers, women who respect men are seen as being 'in the camp of the enemy" by what she has coined "gender feminists". Therefore, "mysandry becomes misogyny," perpetrated by feminists whom Hoff Sommers sees as a radical and unrepresentative minority of both feminists and women. (Christina Hoff-Sommers, 'Who Stole Feminism', 1995, p 256)

* 1984 – Carnival becomes first cruise line to advertise on network television with the premiere of new advertising campaign starring company spokesperson [[Kathie Lee Gifford]] (then Kathie Lee Johnson).

* 1985 – Debut of 46,052-ton Holiday

* 1986 – Launch of 47,262-ton Jubilee

* 1987 – The 47,262-ton Celebration enters service

* Carnival earns distinction as “Most Popular Cruise Line in the World,” carrying more passengers than any other.

* Carnival Cruise Lines undertakes its initial public offering on Wall Street, raising approximately $400 million to fuel future expansion; entity later becomes Carnival Corporation & plc, a multi-line worldwide cruise conglomerate.

===1990s===

==Degrees of misandry==

* 1990 – The 70,367-ton Fantasy – the first and namesake vessel in the highly successful “Fantasy-class” -- enters service as first new ship ever placed on three- and four-day Bahamas cruise program from Miami. Eventually, Carnival would construct eight “Fantasy-class” vessels, the most cruise ships in a single class.

Misandry may be exhibited to differing degrees. In its most overt expression, a misandrist openly hates all men simply because they are 'men', exhibiting 'masculine' traits that are not to the speaker's liking. Stereotypically, these 'masculine' traits include [[machismo]], emotional bluntness, and a loutish demeanor. Or, a misandrist might simply hate men for a perceived common physical attribute, such as large muscles, a large gut, or copious body hair.

* 1991 – Launch of 70,367-ton Ecstasy

* 1993 – Introduces its third 70,367-ton , Sensation

* 1994 – Debut of 70,367-ton Fascination

* Parent company renamed Carnival Corporation to distinguish between it and its flagship brand, Carnival Cruise Lines. Company is later renamed Carnival Corp. & plc following the combination with P&O Princess Cruises, creating the world’s largest cruise vacation group.

* 1995 – 70,367-ton Imagination enters service

* 1996 – Launch of sixth “Fantasy-class” vessel, the Inspiration

* Launches the first passenger vessel to exceed 100,000 tons, the 101,353-ton Carnival Destiny, at the time the world’s largest cruise ship

* 1998 – Introduces seventh “Fantasy-class” vessel, the Elation, the first new cruise ship deployed on the West Coast

* The eighth and last in the “Fantasy-class” series, the Paradise, enters service. Paradise was the first and only non-smoking cruise ship in the world.

* 1999 – Debut of the 102,000-ton Carnival Triumph, the second “Destiny-class” vessel

===2000s===

Other forms of misandry are more subtle. Some misandrists simply hold all men under suspicion, or hate men who do not conform to one or more acceptable categories. Entire cultures may be said to be misandrist if they treat men in ways that are perceived hurtful. Misandry is often not recognised, since it exists under many different guises, disguised and qualified. {Judith Levine, 'My Enemy, My Love', 1992}

* 2000 – A third “Destiny-class” vessel, the 102,000-ton Carnival Victory, is launched.

* 2001 – Introduces a new class of vessel with the launch of the 88,500-ton Carnival Spirit, the first new “Fun Ship” ever positioned in the Alaska and Hawaii markets. Also, [[Supermarket Sweep]] begins the Carnival Cruise Week. The catchphrase was: "Next time you're an [[ocean liner]] and you hear their beep &mdash; [a foghorn sounds] &mdash; think of all the fun you can have on ''Supermarket Sweep''!".

* 2002 – A second “Spirit-class” vessel, the Carnival Pride, is launched

* Carnival’s third “Spirit-class” ship, Carnival Legend, enters service

* Debut of the 110,000-ton Carnival Conquest, the largest “Fun Ship” ever constructed.

* 2003- Second 110,000-ton “Conquest-class” ship, the Carnival Glory, begins year-round seven-day cruises from Port Canaveral, Fla. on [[July 19]]

* 2004 – Carnival Miracle, the fourth in the “Spirit-class,” begins a series of 12 voyages from Jacksonville, Fla. – the first “Fun Ship” sailings from that port – [[February 27]]

* A third 110,000-ton “Conquest-class” ship, the Carnival Valor, begins year-round seven-day service from Miami [[December 19]], becoming the largest "Fun Ship" ever based at that port.

* 2005 – A fourth 110,000-ton “Conquest-class” vessel, Carnival Liberty, debuts [[July 20]], operating the line's first-ever [[Mediterranean]] cruises.

* 2007 - Carnival Freedom, the fifth 110,000-ton vessel, debuts [[March 4]]

* 2008 - The 112,000-ton Carnival Splendor is slated to debut [[July 13]]

* 2009 - Carnival Dream, a 130,000-ton vessel, to be the largest "Fun Ship" ever constructed - is scheduled to enter service in [[October]] <ref name="pressRelease" />.

* 2011 - Carnival Magic, a 130,000-ton vessel, currently scheduled to enter service in [[June]]

==Hurricane Katrina charters==

Misandry is a negative attitude towards men as a group, and as such need not fully determine a misandrist's attitude towards each individual man. The fact that someone holds misandrist views may not prevent them from having positive relationships with some men. Conversely, simply having positive relationships with some men does not necessarily mean someone does not also hold misandrist views.

Three of the Carnival cruise ships were chartered by the United States government for six months to serve as temporary housing in the aftermath of [[Hurricane Katrina]]. The ''[[Holiday (ship)|Holiday]]'' was originally docked in [[Mobile, Alabama]] and later Pascagoula, MS, and the ''[[Ecstasy (ship)|Ecstasy]]'' and ''[[Sensation (ship)|Sensation]]'' were docked at [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. The six-month contract cost $236 million. The contract was widely criticized because the vessels were never fully utilized, and Carnival received more money than it would have earned by using the ships in their normal rotation. <ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092701960_pf.html $236 Million Cruise Ship Deal Criticized] &mdash; [[Washington Post]], [[September 28]], [[2005]]</ref> Carnival did not have the same fuel, entertainment, staffing, and other expenses they would have incurred had the ships been on their normal routes, but the line also did not receive revenues from on-board gambling, alcoholic beverages, and other product and service sales that would have been generated had the vessels been engaged in cruising.

==Gallery==

Misandry can also be used as an excuse to attack [[feminist]] groups. [[Rush Limbaugh]] has attacked the [[women's movement]] claiming it as an excuse to give men the disadvantage.

<gallery>

Image:Carnival ships in Cozumel.jpg|''[[Carnival Valor]]'' and ''[[Carnival Victory]]'' in [[Cozumel, Mexico]]

Image:Carnival Conquest cruiseship.jpg|''[[Carnival Conquest]]''

Image:Elationship.png|''[[MS Elation|Elation]]'' docked at Grand Turks & Caicos, B.W.I.

Image:Carnival_Liberty_20060426.jpg|''[[Carnival Liberty]]'', a [[Conquest class]] ship

</gallery>

http://www.cruisecritic.com/images/reviews/ships/carnivalfreedommain.jpg

==See also==

==Responses to misandry==

*[[Carnival Air Lines]]

Nathanson and Young believe that "many ordinary men have a vested interest in ''not'' seeing the pervasive misandry of everyday life." For a man to see himself as a victim of attacks by women he would have to acknowledge his vulnerability and therefore become less [[masculine]]. This creates a double-bind for men vis a vis confronting misandry because men "who admit to feeling vulnerable are attacked as cowards, and by no group more effectively than women." Nathanson and Young assert that women can easily shame men into silence, "a form of abuse that few women today would tolerate."

*[[Carnival Cruise Lines Tycoon]]

Thus despite what Nathanson and Young argue is a "massive assault" on men's identities, most men remain too confused to honor their unconscious knowledge that something is wrong. Most are not "equipped to identify or analyze" misandry. Those few men who are able to see misandry for what it is are rarely rewarded and are usually shamed for speaking about it in public. Although, Men's Rights movements appear to be on the rise.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

According to Nathanson and Young, until very recently the "few feminists who dared to speak out against misandry were usually declared enemies of feminism, or even enemies of women, and thus effectively silenced." They state that "most feminists deny misandry" and that "when challenged" most feminists excuse, justify, and/or trivialize misandry. They note that "despite the vaunted capacity of women for empathy, only a few feminist publications, albeit ones of profound moral significance, have so far expressed sympathy for men in general, except as a way of encouraging men to believe that feminism is in their own interest."

{{Quotation|Man-hating is an emotional problem inasmuch as it creates pain and hostility between women and men. But it is not an individual neurosis ala 'Women Who Hate Men and the Men Who...' Man-hating is a collective, cultural problem &mdash; or to refrain from diagnosing it at all, a cultural ''phenomenon'' &mdash; and men, as the object of man-hating, are part of it too.|[[Judith Levine]]|My Enemy, My Love<ref>{{cite book |last= Levine |first= Judith |authorlink=Judith Levine |title= My Enemy, My Love |publisher= [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |year= 1992 |id= ISBN 0385410794}}</ref>}}

== Book Reviews ==

=== Response to ''Spreading Misandry'' ===

In a non-peer reviewed book review in ''The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology'', Nancy Lewis-Horne criticizes Nathanson and Young's ''Spreading Misandry: The Teaching of Contempt for Men in Popular Culture'', identifying three flaws:

===="lack of theoretical connection, especially in its use and misuse of feminist theory"====

<blockquote> "Contrary to the authors’ comment that work on gender means work about women, there is an excellent literature examining the social construction of masculinity.<ref name="LewisHorne">{{cite web |url=http://www.csaa.ca/CRSA/BookReview/Reviews/200311/200311NATHANSON.htm |title=Book Review PAUL NATHANSON and KATHERINE K. YOUNG, Spreading Misandry |accessdate=2007-01-06 |last=Lewis-Horne |first=Nancy |work=The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology |publisher= Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association

|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060221214150/http://www.csaa.ca/CRSA/BookReview/Reviews/200311/200311NATHANSON.htm

|archivedate=2006-02-21

|quote= I am not convinced that misandry is a pervasive cultural pattern. <ref></blockquote>

===="weak methodology"====

<blockquote>The methodology that selectively examines some examples of popular culture and not others and then asks us to accept their interpretation as relevant and not others severely limits the potential of the research findings. <ref name="LewisHorne" /></blockquote>

===="inability to link culture with structure"====

Lewis-Horne asserts that "there is no negative outcome of misandric stereotypes of men in popular culture."

== See also ==

*[[Antifeminism]]

*[[Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them!]]

*[[Equalism]]

*[[Hypergamy]]

*[[Mariticide]]

*[[Masculism]]

*[[Men's movement]]

*[[Misanthropy]]

*[[Misogyny]]

*[[Gynocentrism]]

*[[Testosterone poisoning]]

*[[Valerie Solanas]]

==References==

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

<references />

</div>

==Bibliography==

* ''Who Stole Feminism: How Women Have Betrayed Women'', Christina Hoff Sommers, 1994

* ''Sexual Correctness: The Gender-Feminist Attack on Women'', Wendy McElroy,

* ''Dead Man Walking: Masculinity’s Troubling Persistence'', Brendan O'Sullivan, [[Bitch (magazine)|BITCHfest 2006]]

*''Spreading Misandry: The Teaching of Contempt for Men in Popular Culture''; Paul Nathanson and Katherine K. Young, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 2001; ISBN 0-7735-2272-7

*''Legalizing Misandry: From Public Shame to Systemic Discrimination against Men''; Paul Nathanson and Katherine K. Young, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 2006; ISBN 0-7735-2862-8

*''Professing Feminism: Cautionary Tales from the Strange World of Women's Studies''; Daphne Patai and Noretta Koertge, 1995, ISBN 0-465-09827-4

*''The Lipstick Proviso: Women, Sex & Power in the Real World''; Karen Lehrman, 1997, ISBN 0-385-47481-4

*''My Enemy, my Love: Man-hating and ambivalence in women's lives'', Judith Levine, 1992.

*''The Female Thing: Dirt, Sex, Envy, Vulnerability'', Laura Kipnis, 2006

*''The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism Is Harming Our Young Men''; Christina Hoff Sommers, Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group, 2001; ISBN 0-684-84957-7

*''The War Against Men''; Richard T. Hise, Elderberry Press, LLC, 2004, ISBN 1-930859-61-9

*''Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren't Supposed to Know''; Thomas P. James, Aventine Press, 2003, ISBN 1-59330-122-7

*''The Myth of Male Power'', Warren Farrell, Berkley Trade, 2001, ISBN 0-425-18144-8

*''The Decline of Males: The First Look at an Unexpected New World for Men and Women''; Lionel Tiger, Golden Guides from St. Martin's Press, 2000, ISBN 0-312-26311-2

==News articles==

*''As Spots Belittling Women Fade Out, Men Become the Target of the Seemingly Inevitable Gender Sneer'', Courtney Kane, '''New York Times''', Jan. 28, 2005

*''In the Battle of the Sexes, This Word Is a Weapon'', Elin Schoen Brockman, '''New York Times''', Jul 25, 1999.

*''Hers'', Maureen Mullarkey, '''New York Times''', Aug 22, 1985

*''Taliban's Treatment of Women'', '''Los Angeles Times''', Nov 10, 2001

==External links==

* [http://www.carnival.com/ Carnival Cruise Lines website]

* [http://www.backlash.com/content/gender/1996/4-apr96/wilson04.html Androphobia: The Only Respectable Bigotry] by [[Robert Anton Wilson]]

* [http://www.carnivalconnections.com/ Carnival Connections - Cruise Reviews, Tips, and Forums]

*[http://adonismirror.com/10152006_leader_misandry_and_misanthropy.htm Misandry: From the Dictionary of Fools] by Richard Leader (article critical of the use of the term)

{{Members of the Carnival Corporation}}

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