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'''Extrajudicial punishment''' is [[physical]] punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority, and as such, constitutes a violation of basic human rights (such as the right to [[due process]] and [[humane]] treatment). [[Agents]] of a [[state apparatus]] may sometimes carry out this type of punishment if they come to the conclusion that a person is an imminent threat to security. The existence of extrajudicial punishment is considered proof that some governments will break their own [[legal code]] if deemed necessary. [[Non-governmental]] or non-state actors, including private individuals, have also resorted to different forms of extrajudicial punishment, though such actions are more properly called [[assassination]], [[murder]] or [[vigilantism]] instead.
{{about|the actor Thomas Jeffrey Hanks|the scientist|Tom Hanks (scientist)}}
{{Infobox Actor
| name = Tom Hanks
| image = Tom Hanks, February 2004.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birthname = Thomas Jeffrey Hanks
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1956|7|9}}
| ___location = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Concord, California|Concord]], [[California]], [[United States]]
| deathdate =
| deathplace =
| height = 6' (183 cm)<ref>http://www.celebheights.com/s/Tom-Hanks-60.html</ref>
| othername =
| Nickname =
| notable role = '''Forrest Gump''' in ''[[Forrest Gump]]''<br />'''Captain John H. Miller''' in ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''<br />'''Andrew Beckett''' in ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''<br />'''Jim Lovell''' in ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]''<br />'''Robert Langdon''' in ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]''<br />'''Chuck Noland''' in ''[[Cast Away]]''
| academyawards = '''Nominated:''' [[Academy Award for Best Actor|'''Best Actor''']] <br> 1989 ''[[Big (film)|Big]]''<br> 1999 ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''<br> 2001 ''[[Cast Away]]''<br>
'''Won:''' [[Academy Award for Best Actor|'''Best Actor''']] <br> 1993 ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''<br> 1994 ''[[Forrest Gump]]''
| goldenglobeawards = '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]]''' <br> 1994 ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' <br> 1995 ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' <br> 2001 ''[[Cast Away]]'' <br> '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]''' <br> 1989 ''[[Big (film)|Big]]''
| spouse = [[Rita Wilson]] - (1988-present)</br>[[Samantha Lewes]] - (1978-1987)
}}
'''Thomas "Tom" Jeffrey Hanks''' (born [[July 9]] [[1956]]) is a two-time [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning [[United States|American]] [[film actor]], [[Emmy]] winning director, [[voice-over artist]] and [[movie producer]] who starred in family-friendly and screwball comedies before achieving notable success as a dramatic actor.
==Existence==
As of [[September 24]], [[2006]], Hanks is the highest-grossing "lead" actor of all time, with a combined gross of over [[United States dollar|USD]]$3.3 billion and a worldwide gross of nearly $6 billion.<ref>http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/08/harrison.ford</ref>
Although the legal use of [[capital punishment]] is generally decreasing around the world, individuals or groups deemed immediately threatening — or even, in times of comparative stability, simply "undesirable" — to a government's ability to govern may nevertheless be targeted for killing [[extra-judicially]] by some regimes or their representatives. Such killing typically happens quickly, with skilled secret security forces on a covert basis, performed in such a way as to avoid massive public outcry and international criticism that would reflect badly on the state.
Another possibility is for [[overt]], [[uniformed security forces]] to kill the target, but often under circumstances that make it appear as [[self-defense]], such as by planting recently-fired weapons near his body, or [[fabricating evidence]] suggesting [[suicide by cop]]. In such cases, it can be surprisingly difficult to prove that the shooters acted wrongly. Because of the dangers inherent in any armed confrontation, even police or soldiers who would strongly, genuinely prefer to take their target alive may still kill him to protect themselves or civilians. Only in the most obvious cases, such as the [[Operation Flavius]] triple killing or the shooting of [[Jean Charles de Menezes]] will the authorities admit that [["kill or capture"]] was replaced with [["shoot on sight"]].
==Biography==
===Early life===
Hanks's parents, Amos Mefford Hanks (a chef, still related to President [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s mother) and Janet Marylyn Frager (a hospital worker entirely of [[Portuguese]] ancestry) divorced in 1960 [[http://www.wargs.com/other/hanks.html]] [[http://genealogia.netopia.pt/pessoas/pes_show.php?id=272945]]. The three oldest children, Sandra, ([http://international.adoptionblogs.com/Sandra, now Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer]), Larry (now [http://www.life.uiuc.edu/hanks/hanks.html Lawrence M. Hanks], PhD, a renowned [[entomology]] professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]), and Tom, went with their father; while the youngest, [[Jim Hanks|Jim]], now an actor and film maker, remained with his mother in Red Bluff, California. Both parents remarried. The first stepmother for Sandra, Larry, and Tom came to the marriage with five children of her own. Hanks once told [[Rolling Stone magazine]]: "Everybody in my family likes each other. But there were always about fifty people at the house. I didn't exactly feel like an outsider, but I was sort of outside of it." That marriage ended in divorce after just 2 years, and Amos Hanks became a single parent, working long hours and relying on the children to fend for themselves often, an exercise in self-reliance that served the siblings well.
Extrajudicial punishment is a typical feature of [[totalitarianism|totalitarian]] and other [[political repression|politically repressive]] regimes using [[death squad]]s for this purpose, but even self-proclaimed or internationally recognized [[democracies]] have been known to use extrajudicial punishment under certain circumstances. In some cases, extrajudicial punishment may be planned and carried out [[covertly]] by a particular branch of a state and its specific agents, without previously informing other sectors or even without having been secretly ordered to commit such acts. The other branches of the state can tacitly approve of it after the fact, but they can also directly disagree with it depending on the circumstances, especially when complex intragovernment or internal policy struggles exist within a state's policymaking apparatus.
In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, telling Rolling Stone magazine: "I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible."
In times of [[war]], [[natural disaster]], [[societal collapse]], or in the absence of an established system of [[criminal justice]], there may be an increased incidence of extrajudicial punishment. In such [[extreme circumstances]], police or military personnel may be authorised to [[summary execution|summarily execute]] individuals involved in [[rioting]], [[looting]] or [[violent acts]], especially if caught '' [[in flagrante delicto]]''.
Amos Hanks remarried in [[1965]] to the former Frances Wong, a [[San Francisco]] native of [[China|Chinese]] descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Tom during his [[high school]] years. Tom acted in school plays, including ''"[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]"'', while attending Skyline High School in [[Oakland, California]].
A [[forced disappearance|"disappearance"]] occurs where someone who is believed to have been targeted for [[extrajudicial execution]] does not reappear alive. Their ultimate fate is thereafter unknown or never fully confirmed.
Hanks studied theater at [[Chabot College]], and after two years, transferred to [[California State University, Sacramento|Sacramento State University]]. Hanks told the [[New York Times]]: "Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat, and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], and all that."
==Around the world==
It was during his years studying theater that Hanks met [[Vincent Dowling]], head of the [[Great Lakes Theater Festival]] in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]]. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the Festival, which stretched into a three-year experience that covered everything from lighting to set design to stage management. Such a commitment required that Hanks drop out of college, but with this under his belt, a future in acting was in the cards. Hanks won the [[Cleveland Critics Circle Award]] for best actor for his performance as [[Proteus]] in Shakespeare's ''[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'', one of the few times he played a villain.
See [[NKVD troika]] and [[Special Council of the NKVD]] for examples from the history of the Soviet Union , where extrajudicial punishment "[[by administrative means]]" was part of the state policy. Most Latin American dictatorships have regularly instituted extrajudicial killings of their enemies; for one of the better-known examples, see ''[[Operation Condor]].''
<ref> http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200610/ai_n17195860 </ref>
Some consider the killing of [[Black Panther Party|Black Panther]] [[Fred Hampton]] to have been an extrajudicial killing ordered by the [[United States]] government. Also, the U.S. has been accused of exercising a covert prison system set up by the [[CIA]] in several countries, especially [[Egypt]], to evade [[U.S. jurisdiction]]. <ref> http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/01/AR2005110101644.html </ref> The deaths of the leaders of the leftist urban guerilla group Red Army Faction [[Ulrike Meinhof]], [[Andreas Baader]], [[Gudrun Ensslin]], and [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] is by some regarded as extrajudicial killings, a theory partly based on the testimony of [[Irmgard Möller]] .
The government of Israel has also been accused of carrying out extrajudicial killings, which they term "targeted assassinations," against leaders of organisations involved in carrying out attacks against Israel. The Israeli government and its defenders, however, consider these people to be [[enemy combatant]]s and not [[civilians]]; claiming they are legitimate military targets as per the [[Laws of war|rules of engagement]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
From Cleveland, Hanks moved to [[New York]], where he scratched out a living until being "discovered" during open auditions that the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] was conducting. He landed the role of Kip Wilson on the ABC situation comedy "Bosom Buddies" at the age of 23.
During the [[apartheid]] years [[South Africa|South Africa's]] security forces were also accused of using extra-judicial means to deal with their political opponents. After his release, [[Nelson Mandela]] would refer to these acts as proof of a [[Third force (South Africa)|Third Force]] . This was denied vehemently by the administration of [[F.W. de Klerk]]. Later the [[South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission]], led by Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] would find that both military and police agencies such as the [[Civil Cooperation Bureau]] and [[C10]] based at [[Vlakplaas]] were guilty off gross [[human rights violations]]. This led the [[International Criminal Court]] to declare apartheid a [[crime against humanity]].
==Career==
In 1979, Hanks moved to [[New York City]], where he acted for the Riverside Shakespeare Company. In addition, he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film, ''[[He Knows You're Alone]]'', and got a part in a television movie entitled ''[[Mazes and Monsters]]''. He continued to audition and finally landed a role on an [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television pilot called ''[[Bosom Buddies]]''. "It was flukesville", Hanks told ''[[Newsweek]]'' about the show. Hanks flew to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]] where he was teamed with [[Peter Scolari]] as a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. He had previously partnered with Scolari in the 1970s game show, ''[[Make Me Laugh]]''. ''Bosom Buddies'' ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. "The first day I saw him on the set", the show's co-producer, Ian Praiser told ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', "I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years." But if Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. "The television show had come out of nowhere", Hanks’ best friend Tom Lizzio told ''Rolling Stone''. "Then out of nowhere it got cancelled. He figured he'd be back to pulling ropes and hanging lights in a theater."
==Extra-judicial killings==
It was ''Bosom Buddies'' and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of ''[[Happy Days]]'' ("A Case of [[Revenge]]") where he played a disgruntled former class mate of The [[Fonz]] that drew director [[Ron Howard]] to contact Hanks. Howard was working on ''[[Splash]]'' (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a [[mermaid]] who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role which eventually went to [[John Candy]]. Instead, Hanks got the lead role and a career boost from ''Splash'', which went on to become a box-office hit, grossing more than $69 million.
:''For extrajudicial executions see also [[Assassination]] ''
===Period of hits and misses===
More comedies followed, but none clicked with audiences. With ''[[Nothing in Common]]'' (1986)—about a young man alienated from his parents who must re-establish a relationship with his father, played by [[Jackie Gleason]]—Hanks began to establish the credentials of not only a comic actor but of someone who could carry a serious role. "It changed my desires about working in movies", Hanks told ''Rolling Stone''. "Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, ''[[The Money Pit]]'' (1986), where the story is really about a guy and his house."
Extrajudicial killings are the illegal killing of leading political, trades union, dissident and/or social figures by either the state government, [[state authorities]] like the armed forces and police (as in [[Liberia]] under [[Charles G. Taylor]] ), or by [[criminal outfits]] like the [[Italian]] [[Mafia]].
After three more flops, Hanks succeeded with the fantasy ''[[Big (film)|Big]]'' (1988), both at the box office and within the industry, establishing Hanks as a major [[Hollywood]] talent. "It's not easy being successful in this town," his friend Scolari told ''Rolling Stone'', "particularly for a man of conscience. You get fed a steady diet of adulation. You get fed things that aren't necessarily bad or poisonous or toxic in any way. But they're not really on your meal plan. You have to stop and say, 'Wait a minute—I didn't order this.' You have to take your life by the horns. You have responsibilities that have nothing to do with being an actor. Tom Hanks has dealt with his success. I have never known him to be happier."
Extrajudicial killings and [[death squads]] are most common in the Middle East (mostly in Palestine and [[Iraq]]) <ref> http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=FUL20051124&articleId=1315 </ref> <ref> http://www.electronicintifada.net/bytopic/extrajudicial-killings.shtml </ref> <ref> http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engamr510792005 </ref> <ref> http://www.brusselstribunal.org/FullerKillings.htm </ref> <ref> http://soccerdad.baltiblogs.com/archives/2007/06/24/extrajudicial_killings_hamas_style.html </ref>, Central America<ref>http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/US_ThirdWorld/deathsquads_ElSal.html</ref>
It was followed by the [[1989]] movie of ''[[Turner and Hooch]]''. Hanks expressed his decision to do the movie. In a 1993 issue of ''[[Disney Adventures]]'', Hanks said, "I saw ''Turner and Hooch'' the other day in the SAC store and couldn't help but be reminiscent. I cried like a babe." He did admit to making a couple of "bum tickers," however, and blamed his "...deductive reasoning and decision making skills."
<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR290151996?open&of=ENG-SLV</ref>
<ref>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/elsalvador2/index.html</ref> , [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]] <ref> http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/48723123_world_bangladesh_release_journalist_and_rights_activist </ref>
, [[India]] and Kashmir <ref> http://usa.mediamonitors.net/content/view/full/44302 </ref>
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6367917.stm </ref>
<ref> http://www.gharib.demon.co.uk/reports/ustates.htm </ref>
<ref> http://sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/09-19_Extrajudicial_Killings.php?uid=1954 </ref> <ref> http://www.tamilnation.org/intframe/us/060529ustamils.htm </ref>
<ref> http://www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF71.htm </ref> several nations or regions in [[Equatorial Africa]]<ref>http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/30001/story.htm</ref>
, many parts of [[South America]] <ref> http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR190082007 </ref>, [[Chechnya]] , <ref> http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article2293482.ece </ref>, [[Russia]]<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6163502.stm</ref>
, [[Uzbekistan]], [[North Ossetia]], parts of [[Thailand]] <ref> http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2003/407/ </ref>
<ref> http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=11686 </ref> and in the [[Philippines]] <ref> http://www.pinoyhr.net/ </ref> <ref> http://hrw.org/reports/2007/philippines0607/ </ref> <ref> http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2692483.ece} </ref> <ref> http://www.radiopinoyusa.com/radiopinoy_news.php?id=NEWS-00592} </ref>
<ref> http://www.pcusa.org/pcnews/2007/07271.htm </ref> <ref> http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=11686 </ref>.
The 3 different modern examples are listed in the sub-headings below, along with the 'Cold War' to help to illustrate the point.
Hanks’ choice of roles continued to land him in trouble.He had another string of box-office failures. First, there was ''[[The 'Burbs]]'' (1989), then ''[[Joe Versus the Volcano]]'' (1990) and finally ''[[The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)|The Bonfire of the Vanities]]'' (1990), which saw Hanks as a greedy [[Wall Street]] type who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident.
===ProgressionCold intowar dramatic rolesusage===
<!--[[Image:Tom Hanks Poster.jpg|thumb|250px|Tom Hanks at photocall for ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' at the 1994 [[Berlin Film Festival|Berlinale]], photo by Michael Weiner]]-->
Hanks again climbed back to the top with his portrayal of an unsuccessful [[baseball]] manager in ''[[A League of Their Own]]'' (1992). In an interview with ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', Hanks called the work that he's done since his "modern era of moviemaking ... because enough self-discovery has gone on.... My work has become less pretentiously fake."
[[Image:Nguyen.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[General]] [[Nguyễn Ngọc Loan]] summarily executes [[Nguyễn Văn Lém]].]]
This "modern era" welcomed in a spectacular 1993 for Hanks, first with ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]'' and then with ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''. The former was a summer smash about a widower who finds true love over the airwaves. Richard Schickel of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' called his performance "charming", and most agreed that his portrayal ensured him a place among the premiere romantic-comedy stars of his generation. But it was in the latter film that Hanks truly made his mark. Playing a [[gay]] lawyer with [[AIDS]] who sues his firm for discrimination, Hanks proved that he had the depth and talent to be one of the greats. (To make his performance in the film even more realistic, Hanks lost thirty-five pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly.) In a review for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', Leah Rozen praised Hanks’ skill: "Above all, credit for "[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'s" success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar."
The former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Communist Bloc]] country used to also killed dissidents this way to, during the [[Cold War]]. Those who were not killed were sent to '[[Gulag]]' prison camps.
When Hanks made his acceptance speech for winning the [[1994]] [[Academy Award]] for Best Actor Oscar for ''Philadelphia'', he revealed that his high school drama teacher was gay. The revelation inspired the [[1997]] film ''[[In & Out]]'', starring [[Kevin Kline]] as an English Literature teacher who was outed by a former student in a similar way.
[[Nguyễn Văn Lém ]] (referred to as Captain Bay Lop) (died 1 [[February 1968]] in Saigon ) was a member of the [[Viet Cong]] who was summarily executed in [[Saigon]] during the [[Tet Offensive]]. The picture of his death would became one of may an anti- [[Vietnam War]] icons in the [[Western World]]. <ref> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_L%C3%A9m </ref>
====''Forrest Gump''====
Hanks followed ''Philadelphia'' with the 1994 summer blockbuster hit ''[[Forrest Gump]]''. The film is a bittersweet tale of a simple-minded young man who finds himself in the middle of most of the major events of recent American history. In the process, the character's very real wisdom shines through and positively affects the lives that he touches. In ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', the film's director [[Robert Zemeckis]] praised Hanks’ performance: "[Hanks] brings to this role what any great actor does—and I mean great actor—which is a real honesty."
During the 1960s throughout the 1970s death squads were used against the [[Viet Cong]] cadre as well as supporters in neighbouring countries notably [[Cambodia]]. See also [[Phoenix Program]] (also known as Phung Hoang). The [[Viet Cong]] also used death squads of their own against civilians for political reasons. {{Facts|date=February 2007}}
In the same article, Hanks explained what appealed to him about the script: "When I read the script for ''Gump'', I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel ... some hope for their lot and their position in life... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do." What Hanks also got from his performance in the movie was a 1995 [[Academy Award]], his second for best actor. In winning back-to-back Oscars, Hanks became only the second actor to have accomplished the feat. ([[Spencer Tracy]] was the first, winning in 1937-38.)
The use of computers by the American forces to compile lists of 'suspects' as well as the indefinite detention of 'suspects' in 'black' locations as well as their detention, torture, and execution without judicial oversight or protection is typical of American [[black ops]] in the Post World War II era.
[[Argentina]] used extrajudicial killings as way of crushing the [[liberal]] and [[communist]] opposition to the military [[Junta]] during the '[[Dirty war]]' <ref> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War </ref> of the late [[1960's]] and most of the [[1970's]]. The [[Chilean]] Junta of [[1972]] to [[1992]] also committed such killings to. See [[Operation Condor]] for examples.
====''Apollo 13''====
Hanks’ next project reunited him with director [[Ron Howard]] in the movie ''"[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]"'', in which he played astronaut and commander [[James Lovell]]. In 1970, [[Apollo 13]] was on its way to the [[Moon]] when an oxygen tank exploded, and the spacecraft almost failed to return to Earth. Critics applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors [[Kevin Bacon]], [[Bill Paxton]], [[Gary Sinise]], [[Ed Harris]], and [[Kathleen Quinlan]].This movie also earned a nomination for an Academy award in 1996.
Also during the [[Communist]] versus [[Capitalist]] [[Salvadoran civil war]], death squads achieved notoriety when [[far-right]] [[vigilantes]] [[assassinated]] [[Archbishop Óscar Romero]] for his social activism in [[March 1980]]. In [[December 1980]], three [[United States|American]] [[nuns]] and a lay worker were raped and murdered by a [[military unit]] later found to have been acting on specific orders. [[Death squads]] were instrumental in killing hundreds of peasants and activists. Because the death squads involved were found to have been soldiers of the [[Salvadoran military]], which was receiving U.S. funding and training from American advisers during the Carter administration. <ref> http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/US_ThirdWorld/deathsquads_ElSal.html</ref>During the [[El Salvador Civil War|Salvadoran civil war]], death squads achieved notoriety when far-right vigilantes assassinated Archbishop [[Óscar Romero]] for his social activism in March 1980 . In December 1980, three American nuns and a lay worker were raped and murdered by a military unit later found to have been acting on specific orders. Death squads were instrumental in killing hundreds of peasants and activists. Because the death squads involved were found to have been soldiers of the Salvadoran military, which was receiving U.S. funding and training from American advisors during the [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] administration, these events prompted outrage in the U.S. and led to a temporary cutoff in military aid from the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration.
===1996 and on===
Hanks turned to directing and producing with his next movie ''"[[That Thing You Do]]"'', about a [[1960]]'s pop group. Hanks and producer [[Gary Goetzman]] went on to create [[Playtone]], a record and film production company named for the record company in the film.
One of the earliest cases of extradudical killings was in Wiemar [[Germany]] <ref> http://econ161.berkeley.edu/movable_type/2003_archives/001832.html </ref>.
Hanks executive produced, co-wrote and co-directed the [[HBO]] docudrama ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (HBO)|From the Earth to the Moon]]''. The twelve-part series chronicles the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Jim Lovell]], to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The [[Emmy Award]]-winning $68 million project is one of the most expensive ventures taken for television. Hanks' next project was no less expensive. He teamed up with [[Steven Spielberg]] to make a film about [[D-Day]], the landing at [[Omaha Beach]], and a quest through war-torn [[France]] to bring back a soldier who has a ticket home. ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public; it was labeled one of the finest war films ever made, earning Spielberg his second [[Academy Award]] for direction and Hanks a Best Actor nomination. Later in 1998, Hanks reteamed with his ''Sleepless in Seattle'' co-star [[Meg Ryan]] for another romantic comedy, ''[[You've Got Mail]]'', a remake of 1940's ''[[The Shop Around the Corner]]'', which starred [[Jimmy Stewart]] and [[Margaret Sullavan]].
[[Image:THanks.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Tom Hanks in [[Road to Perdition]].]]
In [[1999]], Hanks starred in an adaptation of [[Stephen King]]'s novel ''[[The Green Mile]]''. The following year he won a [[Golden Globe]] for Best Actor and an Academy nomination for his portrayal of a shipwrecked [[FedEx]] systems analyst in [[Robert Zemeckis]]' ''[[Cast Away]]''. In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the acclaimed HBO mini-series ''[[Band of Brothers]]''. He also appeared in the [[September 11]] television special ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' and the documentary ''[[Rescued From the Closet]]''.
===Middle east===
Next he teamed up with ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]'' director [[Sam Mendes]] for the adaptation of [[Max Allan Collins]]' and [[Richard Piers Rayner]]'s graphic novel ''[[Road to Perdition]]'', in which he played an [[anti-hero]] role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated with director Spielberg again, starring opposite [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] in the hit crime comedy ''[[Catch Me if You Can]]'', based on the true story of [[Frank Abagnale, Jr.]]
The [[Israeli intelligence]] and [[Hamas]] [[Militants]] have been in a steady war of attrition with each other, regularly killing local officials since the [[Fatah]] / Hamas [[civil war]] began in early [[2007]]. [[Iraq]] has also suffered badly since the post-invasion insurgency of [[2005]].
In [[2002]], he and wife [[Rita Wilson]] produced the hit movie [[My Big Fat Greek Wedding]].
===Philippines===
Hanks was subsequently absent from the screen until 2004, when he appeared in three films: The [[Coen Brothers]]' ''[[The Ladykillers (2004 film)|The Ladykillers]]'', another Spielberg helmed film, ''[[The Terminal]]'', and ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'', a family film from [[Robert Zemeckis]].
Death squads were especially active in this country during the American invasion of the [[1950s]] and the regime in the 1980s; they continue to be active as of 2007.
In a ''[[USA Weekend]]'' interview, Hanks talked about how he chooses projects: "[Since] ''A League of Their Own'', it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow.... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right."
The [[New People's Army]] ('''NPA''') groups known as "[[Sparrow Units]]" were active in the mid-1980s, killing government officials, police personnel, military members, and anyone else they targeted for elimination. They were also supposedly part of an NPA operation called "[[Agaw Armas]]" ([[Filipino]] for "[[Stealing Weapons]]
He became the youngest ever recipient of the [[American Film Institute|American Film Institute's]] Life Achievement Award on [[June 12]], [[2002]].
"), where they raided government armories as well as stealing weapons from slain military and police personnel. A low level [[civil war]] with south [[Moslems]], [[Al-Qaeda]] sympathizers and [[communist]] insurgents has lead to a general break down of [[law and order]]. The [[Politics_of_the_Philippines#National_Government_of_the_Philippines|Philippines government]] has promised to curb the killings, but is itself implicated in many of the killings. <ref>http://www.pinoyhr.net/</ref>
====Extrajudicial Killings Summit====
In August 2005 Hanks was voted in as vice-president of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4184066.stm</ref>
The 22nd [[PUNO Supreme Court]] is set to hold a [[National Consultative Summit on extrajudicial killings]] on July 16 and 17, [[2007]] at the [[Manila Hotel]]. Invited representatives from the three branches of the government will participate (including the [[AFP]], the [[PNP]], [[CHR]], [[media]], [[academe]], [[civil society]] and [[other stakeholders]]).
Hanks also starred in the highly anticipated film ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'', based on the bestselling novel by [[Dan Brown]]. The film was released [[May 19]] [[2006]] in the US and grossed over [[United States dollar|USD]]$750 million worldwide. A film adaptation of ''[[Angels and Demons]]'', the prequel to The Da Vinci Code, has been announced, but it has not been confirmed yet if Hanks will reprise the role of Robert Langdon.
[[Puno]] will give the [[keynote speech]] and [[closing remarks]]. [[Puno]] searches for major solutions to solve forced disappearances.
In a play on the expression "art imitating life", Hanks will play an onscreen dad to a young man ([[Colin Hanks]]) who chooses to follow in the footsteps of a fading magician ([[John Malkovich]]) in ''[[The Great Buck Howard]]''. Hanks' character is less than thrilled about his son's career decision.
During the first day of the summit, the speakers will present their respective papers comprising significant inputs from their respective sectors, while on the second day, the participants will break out into 12 groups (chaired by a Justice) and take part in a workshop. Local and international observers (the diplomatic corps and representatives from various international organizations) will be accredited.
==Personal life==
Hanks was married to [[Samantha Lewes]] from [[1978]] to [[1987]]. The couple had two children, actor [[Colin Hanks]] and Elizabeth Hanks.<ref>.netfirms.com/127/Hanks.htm</ref>
Puno announced that "the summit highlight will be a plenary session where each of the 12 groups shall report to the body their recommended resolutions. The reports and proposals will be synthesized and then transmitted to the concerned government agencies for appropriate action".
In 1988 Hanks married fellow actor [[Rita Wilson]]. The two first met on the set of Hank’s hit television show ''[[Bosom Buddies]]'' but later developed a romantic interest while working on the film ''Volunteers''. They have two sons, Chester and Truman.
The earlier slated [[Malacañang]]-sponsored "Mindanao Peace and Security Summit (July 8-10, 2007 at Cagayan de Oro City), focussed on how to make the anti-terror law, or the Human Security Act (HSA) of 2007, more acceptable to the public. <ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=75094 Inquirer.net, SC slates summit on extrajudicial killings]</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/49959/SC-slates-summit-on-extrajudicial-killings GMA NEWS.TV, Chief Justice unfazed by Palace meet]</ref>
Hanks is a fan of the [[Oakland Raiders]] football team and English Premier League [[Football (soccer)|football team]] [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].
On July 16, 2007, Justices, activists, militant leaders, police officials, politicians and prelates attended the Supreme Court's two-day summit at the Manila Hotel in [[Manila City]] to map out ways to put an end to the string of extrajudicial killings in the [[Philippines]]. Bayan was set to launch their "[[silent protest]]", but expressed support for the high court's initiative. Director Geary Barias, chief of the police's anti-killings Task Force Usig, Sen. Panfilo Lacson, [[Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim]], Caloocan Bishop Deogracias Yñiguez, re-elected party-list Representatives Satur Ocampo (Bayan Muna) and Crispin Beltran (Anakpawis) attended. Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno said that the "National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Forced Disappearances: Searching for Solutions," would help stop the murders. Delegates were given 12 to 15 minutes each to share their insights and knowledge about the matter. Yniguez accused the government of failing to actively pursue investigations on the hundreds of killings and the Catholic Church was alarmed that victims have been denied their "fundamental right" to live.
===Other activities===
A fan of [[NASA]]'s manned space program, Hanks said that he originally wanted to be an astronaut but "didn't have the math." Hanks is a member of the [[National Space Society]], serving on the [[Board of Governors]] of the [[nonprofit]] educational [[space advocacy]] organization founded by Dr. [[Wernher von Braun]] and was the producer of the [[Home Box Office|HBO]] miniseries ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (HBO)|From the Earth to the Moon]]'' about the [[Apollo program]] to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced ''[[Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D]]'', an [[IMAX]] film about the moon landings. Hanks also provides the [[voiceover]] for the Hayden [[planetarium]] show at the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in New York.
Based on Yniguez-church's count, the number of victims of extrajudicial killings has reached 778, while survivors of "political assassinations," was pegged at 370. He also noted 203 "massacre" victims, 186 people who involuntarily disappeared, 502 tortured, and others who were illegally arrested. Yniguez similarly criticized the government's alleged insistence on implementing its Oplan Bantay Laya I and II (the military's counter-insurgency operation plans which militants have said consider legal people's organizations as targets).
In June 2006 Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the [[United States Army Rangers]] Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a [[Captain]] in the movie ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction [[ceremony]], was the first actor to receive such an honor.<ref>http://www.news24.com/News24/Entertainment/Abroad/0,,2-1225-1243_1960416,00.html</ref> In addition to his role in ''Saving Private Ryan'', Hanks was cited for serving as the national [[spokesperson]] for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary [[chairperson]] of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the [[Emmy Award]]-winning miniseries, ''Band of Brothers''.
Meanwhile, Bayan urged the Supreme Court to "check serious threats to civil liberties and basic freedoms" including the anti-terror law or the Human Security Act of 2007, which took effect on July 15 despite protests from leftist groups.
Although he gives money to many Democratic politicians, Hanks usually keeps his opinions about politics to himself, though he has been open about his support for environmental causes and alternative fuels.<ref>http://www.allabouthybridcars.com/hollywood-hybrids.htm</ref>
Vice President Teofisto Guingona Jr. will join Bayan and other leftist groups as petitioners in their formal pleading before the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of the law. Human rights lawyer Atty. Edre Olalia of the International Association of People’s Lawyers (IAPL) will serve as lead counsel. Bayan chair Carol Araullo said the respondents will include members of the Anti-Terrorism Council headed by Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita and Raul Gonzalez. Earlier, [CBCP president Angel Lagdameo] pointed out at least 5 provisions of the law that may threaten civil liberties: Sec. 19 allows detentions of mere suspects for more than three days in the event of an actual or terrorist attack, while Section 26 allows house arrest despite the posting of bail, and prohibits the right to travel and to communicate with others; Sec. 39 allows seizure of assets while Sec. 7 allows surveillance and wiretapping of suspects; Sec. 26 allows the investigation of bank deposits and other assets. <ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/51197/Justices-activists-prelates-map-out-ways-to-end-killings GMA NEWS.TV, Justices, activists, prelates map out ways to end killings]</ref>
==Filmography==
===Films===
{{see|Tom Hanks filmography}}
===United Kingdom (UK)===
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 auto; width: 94%; text-align: center; clear: both;"
In [[Northern Ireland]], various [[paramilitary]], [[terrorist]], [[quasi-political]], [[pseudo-religious]], and ''ad hoc'' state institutions killed without lawful excuse during [[The Troubles]].
|-
<ref> http://www.btinternet.com/~chief.gnome/gordon16.htm </ref>
! style="background:#ADD8E6;" | <div style="float:right;margin-right:8px;">{{Tnavbar|Hanks movies|mini=1|nodiv=1}}</div> Main Filmography
<ref> http://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Hsw-09.htm </ref> <ref> http://www.sptimes.com/2007/06/24/Opinion/A_grim_lesson_from_Ul.shtml </ref> <ref> http://naclaoimhtesolais.com/Reject%20The%20PSNI.htm </ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 90%;" |[[Splash (film)|Splash]] (''1984'') | [[Bachelor Party (film)|Bachelor Party]] (''1984'') | [[The Money Pit]] (''1986'') | [[Dragnet (1987 film)|Dragnet]] (''1987'') | [[Big (film)|Big]] (''1988'') | [[Turner & Hooch]] (''1989'') | [[Joe versus the Volcano]] (''1990'') | [[The Bonfire Of The Vanities (film)|The Bonfire Of The Vanities]] (''1990'') | [[A League of Their Own]] (''1992'') | [[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]] (''1993'') | [[Sleepless in Seattle]] (''1993'') | [[Forrest Gump]] (''1994'') | [[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]] (''1995'') | [[That Thing You Do!]] (''1996'') | [[You've Got Mail]] (''1998'') | [[Saving Private Ryan]] (''1998'') | [[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]] (''1999'') | [[Cast Away]] (''2000'') | [[Road to Perdition]] (''2002'') | [[Catch Me If You Can]] (''2002'') | [[The Ladykillers (2004 film)|The Ladykillers]] (''2004'') | [[The Terminal]] (''2004'') | [[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]] (''2006'')
|}
In [[England]] ''ad hoc'' [[racist]] and [[criminal]] [[gangs]] are also believed to behind most of the recent [[racist]] and [[Black-on-Black urban killings]]. The British state has apparently paid little attention to either the problems of [[gangland]] or [[racist killing]]s in the UK. <ref> http://customxml.com/rssnews/index.php?blog=3&title=damilola_killer_loses_attempt_to_quash_c&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 </ref> <ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2773771.stm </ref>
===Television===
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1792334.stm </ref>
*''Bosom Buddies'' (1980-1982)
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4791094.stm </ref>
*''[[Mazes and Monsters]]'' (1982)
<ref> http://kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=982 </ref>
*''[[Vault of Horror I]]'' (1994) (also director)
*''From the Earth to the Moon'' (1998) (miniseries) (also executive producer/director/writer)
*''[[Band of Brothers]]'' (2001) (miniseries) (producer, director)
*''[[The Rutles 2: Can't Buy Me Lunch]]'' (2002) (Cameo)
*''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' (Host)
==Top worldwideHuman filmrights grossesgroups==
:<small>''These figures do not account for inflation.''</small>
Many [[human rights]] organisations like [[Amnesty International]] along with the [[UN]] are campaigning against extrajudicial punishment . <ref>
{|class="wikitable"
http://www.extrajudicialexecutions.org/ </ref>
! Year !! Title !! Gross
<ref> http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=22046&Cr=rights&Cr1=council </ref>
|-
<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR290151996?open&of=ENG-SLV</ref>
| [[1988 in film|1988]] || ''[[Big (film)|Big]]'' || $151,668,774
<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6814001/site/newsweek/</ref>
|-
<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6802629/site/newsweek/</ref>
| [[1992 in film|1992]] || ''[[A League of Their Own]]'' || $132,440,069
|-
| [[1993 in film|1993]] || ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]'' || $227,799,884
|-
| [[1993 in film|1993]] || ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' || $206,678,440
|-
| [[1994 in film|1994]] || ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' || $677,386,686
|-
| [[1995 in film|1995]] || ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]'' || $355,237,933
|-
| [[1995 in film|1995]] || ''[[Toy Story]]'' || $361,958,736
|-
| [[1998 in film|1998]] || ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' || $481,840,909
|-
| [[1998 in film|1998]] || ''[[You've Got Mail]]'' || $250,821,495
|-
| [[1999 in film|1999]] || ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' || $485,015,179
|-
| [[1999 in film|1999]] || ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'' || $286,801,374
|-
| [[2000 in film|2000]] || ''[[Cast Away]]'' || $429,632,142
|-
| [[2002 in film|2002]] || ''[[Road to Perdition]]'' || $181,001,478
|-
| [[2002 in film|2002]] || ''[[Catch Me if You Can]]'' || $351,112,395
|-
| [[2004 in film|2004]] || ''[[The Terminal]]'' || $218,686,156
|-
| [[2004 in film|2004]] || ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'' || $297,775,955
|-
| [[2006 in film|2006]] || ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'' || $756,270,019
|-
'''Total 17 Over $100,000,000 Grossing Films'''
|}
==In popular culture==
<small>See [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/ boxofficemojo.com]. Figures are subject to minor adjustments (usually upwards) when studios release revised official figures, which sometimes occurs years after first release.</small>
The subject of extrajudicial punishment was examined in the stage play and subsequent film '' [[A Few Good Men]] ''. In this film, two marines are put on trial for the death of another marine due to their administering of a ''[[Code Red]]'' (a [[military colloquial speech]] term for [[extrajudicial punishment]]) on him. The [[film]] sees the [[U.S. Marines]] acquitted of the crime, as it is shown that they were [[acting under orders from their superiors]], and therefore [[could not be held responsible for the consequences]].
== Academy Awards and nominations ==
* 1988 Nominated [[Best Actor]] for ''Big''
* 1993 Won Best Actor for ''Philadelphia''
* 1994 Won Best Actor for ''Forrest Gump''
* 1998 Nominated Best Actor for ''Saving Private Ryan''
* 2000 Nominated Best Actor for ''Cast Away''
== See also ==
{{start box}}{{s-awards}}
* [[Assassination]]
{{succession box
* [[Death squad]]
| title=[[Academy Award for Best Actor]]
* [[Extraordinary rendition]]
| before=[[Al Pacino]]<br>for ''[[Scent of a Woman]]''
* [[Lynching]]
| years=1993<br>'''for ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' '''<br>1994<br>'''for ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' '''
* [[Outlaw]]
| after=[[Nicolas Cage]]<br>for ''[[Leaving Las Vegas]]''
* [[Human rights]]
}}
* [[Summary execution]]
{{end box}}
* [[Posse]]
* [[Prison rape]]
* [[Selective assassination]]
* [[Summary execution]]
* [[Summary justice]]
* [[Terrorism]]
* [[Vigilante]]
==Trivia==
* Hanks was considered for roles in ''[[Batman Forever]]'', ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'', ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]'', ''[[Field of Dreams]]'', ''[[Patriot Games (film)|Patriot Games]]'' and ''[[Groundhog Day]]''.
*Hanks has stated that his favorite actor is [[James Stewart]], someone whom his talents are often compared to.
* He has said his favorite film is ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' (1968). In interviews he has said that he has seen it around thirteen times in theaters and owns the VHS, LaserDisc, and DVD releases of the film.
*While interviewing for Inside the Actor's Studio, Hanks comments how he hates the sound of a ringing telephone. As Hanks nods his head, the audience begins to burst into laughter because of an earlier incident in which a student's cell phone rang, interrupting Hanks' interview with James Lipton. As a demonstration of how to react to a cell phone going off while acting on stage in live theatre to the students, Hanks got up from his seat and walked across the stage yelling "TURN OFF THAT CELL PHONE!"
[[Image:LateNightHanks1.jpg|thumb|right|Hanks on ''Late Night'']]
* Hanks is one of several celebrities who frequently participate in planned comedy bits on [[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]] while they are guests. On one visit, Hanks asked Conan to join his run for president on the "[[Bowl cut|Bad Haircut Party]]" ticket, with confetti and balloons and a handheld sign with the slogan "You'd be stupid to vote for us". On another, O'Brien, noting that Hanks was missing Christmas on his promotional tour, brought the season to him, including a gift (the skeleton of Hooch), and a mass of snow burying them both. On yet another episode, Conan gifted Hanks with a painting he had commissioned reflecting two of his interests: Astronauts landing on the beach at [[Battle of Normandy|Normandy]]
*Hanks appeared on ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'' to publicise his new film, ''The Da Vinci Code''. He told the audience he had met, had a conversation with, and given a present to the [[Japan|Japanese]] [[Prime Minister]], "Fujimori". The Japanese Prime Minister Hanks met was [[Junichiro Koizumi]]; [[Alberto Fujimori]] was the former President of [[Peru]].
* Socks play a role in each of ''Forrest Gump'', ''Apollo 13'', ''Saving Private Ryan'', ''A League of Their Own'' and ''[[Cast Away]]''. During his service in the [[Vietnam War]], the main advice that Forrest Gump receives from [[Lieutenant Dan Taylor|Lieutenant Dan]] ([[Gary Sinise]]) is to keep his feet clean and dry and to change his socks often. In ''Apollo 13'', Hanks' character [[Jim Lovell]] takes off his sock to use it in an ad hoc air filter. In ''Saving Private Ryan'', Hanks' character and his men use socks to create "[[improvised explosive device|sticky bombs]]" to destroy the German tanks during the confrontation at the bridge. In ''A League of Their Own'', before the Peaches' final game, Hanks' character asks, in the locker room, "What the hell's that smell?", to which he's told, "Alice thinks it's bad luck to change her socks." In ''Cast Away'', Hanks stuffs his socks with leaves to prevent further lacerations from walking on rocks. Another event involving socks can be found in the HBO/[[BBC]] miniseries ''Band of Brothers'', produced by Tom Hanks. In this miniseries, the medic warns the soldier to wear dry socks to avoid gangrene.
* Hanks' characters also have a recurring theme of bladder issues. In ''Forrest Gump'', Forrest meets [[John F. Kennedy|JFK]] and blurts out, "I gotta pee!" In ''Road To Perdition'' Michael Sullivan replies "it also makes me piss" when asked if coffee makes him sweat. In ''The Green Mile'', Paul Edgecombe is afflicted with an extremely painful prostatic hypertrophy, which John Coffey ([[Michael Clarke Duncan]]) cures. In ''A League of Their Own'', Jimmy Dugan makes his entrance into the locker room highly hung over, seemingly unaware of all the female ballplayers present, and takes a very long stretch at the urinal, as the women look on in disbelief. When he finally finishes, Madonna's character says, "That was some good peein'!" Hanks' characters are also seen urinating in the movies ''The Money Pit'', ''Big'', ''Cast Away'', and ''Apollo 13''. In ''The Terminal'', Hanks' character runs to the bathroom after waiting all day at a pay phone for a call about a job.
* In [[2006]] Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of 'most trusted celebrities' compiled by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5384320.stm</ref>
* Hanks believes that he is related to James Hanks, possibly the father of [[Nancy Hanks]], mother of [[United States]] [[president]] [[Abraham Lincoln]]. A map of his [[family tree]] showing the purported connection can be found in the [[#External links|''External links'' section]]. If this is true, it would make Hanks a third cousin, four times removed, of President Lincoln.
* Tom Hanks is an [[Oakland Raiders]] fan and named the pizza place (out by the airport) in the movie [[That Thing You Do!]], where the band is the house band "Villapianos" after former Raider linebacker Phil Villapiano.
* [[Roland Hemmo]] is the German voice of Tom Hanks in the German dubbed versions.
Hanks is now voiceing Woody for [[Toy Story 3]]
==FurtherExternal readinglinks==
===Monitoring organizations===
===Books===
*[[Amnesty International]]
*Trakin, Roy, ''Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom'', 1987; rev. ed.1995
*[http://www.ansarburney.org/ Ansar Burney Trust] (Pakistan and the Middle East)
*Salamon, Julie, ''The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood'', Boston, 1991
*[[Human Rights Watch]]
*Wallner, Rosemary, ''Tom Hanks: Academy Award-Winning Actor'', Edina, Minnesota, 1994
*Pfeiffer, Lee, ''The Films of Tom Hanks'', Secaucus, New Jersey, 1996
*Gardner, David, ''Tom Hanks: The Unauthorized Biography'', London, England 1999
===Periodicals=References==
*Films, July 1984
*Photoplay (London), September 1984
*Time Out (London), [[October 26]], [[1988]]
*Film Comment (New York), March/April 1989
*Interview (New York), March 1992
*Interview (New York), December 1993
*Advocate, [[December 14]], 1993
*Maclean's (Toronto), [[July 11]], 1994
{{portalpar|Film}}
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Capital punishment]]
==External links==
[[Category:Criminal law]]
{{commons|Tom Hanks}}
[[Category:Human rights abuses]]
*{{imdb name|id=0000158|name=Tom Hanks}}
{{Category:Extrajudicial killings}}
* {{ymovies name|1800010392}}
*[http://msn.ancestry.com/landing/msn/strange/hanks/familytree.gif Tom Hanks’ (partial) family tree (links him to former US president Abraham Lincoln)]
*[http://www.wargs.com/other/hanks.html Ancestry of Tom Hanks]
*[http://www.dvdark.co.uk/c/dvdology/MA4DzTm/ Tom Hanks DVDology]
* [http://support.nature.org/site/PageServer?pagename=tomhanks_ed6 Tom Hanks' thoughts on Earth Day 2006]
*[http://www.PressArchive.net/a.php?id=11865517/ Tom Hanks interview]
===Fansites===
*[http://www.tomhanksland.com Tom Hanks Land - the longest running Tom Hanks fansite]
*[http://tomhanksfan.org/ TomHanksFan.ORG - the claimed largest Tom Hanks resource on the web]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanks, Tom}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Greek Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:People from California]]
[[Category:People from Oakland, California]]
[[Category:Converts to Eastern Orthodox Christianity]]
[[Category:English American actors]]
[[Category:California State University, Sacramento alumni]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American television actors]]
[[Category:American voice actors]]
[[Category:American character actors]]
[[Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners]]
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