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'''Extrajudicial punishment''' is [[physical]] punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority, and as such, constitutes a violation of basic human rights (such as the right to [[due process]] and [[humane]] treatment). [[Agents]] of a [[state apparatus]] may sometimes carry out this type of punishment if they come to the conclusion that a person is an imminent threat to security. The existence of extrajudicial punishment is considered proof that some governments will break their own [[legal code]] if deemed necessary. [[Non-governmental]] or non-state actors, including private individuals, have also resorted to different forms of extrajudicial punishment, though such actions are more properly called [[assassination]], [[murder]] or [[vigilantism]] instead.
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2006}}
==Existence==
{{Infobox Wrestler
Although the legal use of [[capital punishment]] is generally decreasing around the world, individuals or groups deemed immediately threatening — or even, in times of comparative stability, simply "undesirable" — to a government's ability to govern may nevertheless be targeted for killing [[extra-judicially]] by some regimes or their representatives. Such killing typically happens quickly, with skilled secret security forces on a covert basis, performed in such a way as to avoid massive public outcry and international criticism that would reflect badly on the state.
|name=Adam Copeland {{flagicon|Canada}}
|image=<!-- Do not change the picture. This is a free use image, and free use images are favored on Wikipedia. -->Edgeonraw2.jpg
|img_capt=
|names='''Edge'''<br>Adam Impact<br>Damon Striker<br>Sexton Hardcastle<br>[[Los Conquistadores (professional wrestling)|Conquistador Uno]]
|height=196 cm (6 ft 5 in)
|weight=111 kg (240 lb)
|birth_date ={{birth date and age|1973|10|30}}
|birth_place =[[Orangeville, Ontario]]
|resides=[[Tampa, Florida]]
|billed=[[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]
|trainer=[[Ron Hutchison]]<br />Sweet Daddy Siki<br />[[Bret Hart|Bret]] and [[Stu Hart]]<br />[[Dory Funk, Jr.]]<br />[[Tom Prichard]]<br />[[Leo Burke]]
|debut=[[July 1]], [[1992]]
|retired=}}
Another possibility is for [[overt]], [[uniformed security forces]] to kill the target, but often under circumstances that make it appear as [[self-defense]], such as by planting recently-fired weapons near his body, or [[fabricating evidence]] suggesting [[suicide by cop]]. In such cases, it can be surprisingly difficult to prove that the shooters acted wrongly. Because of the dangers inherent in any armed confrontation, even police or soldiers who would strongly, genuinely prefer to take their target alive may still kill him to protect themselves or civilians. Only in the most obvious cases, such as the [[Operation Flavius]] triple killing or the shooting of [[Jean Charles de Menezes]] will the authorities admit that [["kill or capture"]] was replaced with [["shoot on sight"]].
'''Adam Joseph Copeland''' (born on [[October 30]] [[1973]]), is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] better known by his [[ring name]] '''Edge'''. He is currently performing on the [[WWE Raw|''RAW'']] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] of [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE). He currently is one half of [[Rated-RKO|'''Rated-RKO''']] with [[Randy Orton]].
Extrajudicial punishment is a typical feature of [[totalitarianism|totalitarian]] and other [[political repression|politically repressive]] regimes using [[death squad]]s for this purpose, but even self-proclaimed or internationally recognized [[democracies]] have been known to use extrajudicial punishment under certain circumstances. In some cases, extrajudicial punishment may be planned and carried out [[covertly]] by a particular branch of a state and its specific agents, without previously informing other sectors or even without having been secretly ordered to commit such acts. The other branches of the state can tacitly approve of it after the fact, but they can also directly disagree with it depending on the circumstances, especially when complex intragovernment or internal policy struggles exist within a state's policymaking apparatus.
Copeland initially rose through the ranks as one half of the [[tag team]] [[Edge and Christian]], alongside his real-life best friend and [[kayfabe]] brother [[Jason Reso|Christian]]. He is noted for being one of the most decorated tag team champions in wrestling history, winning a record 12 tag team titles in the WWE.
In times of [[war]], [[natural disaster]], [[societal collapse]], or in the absence of an established system of [[criminal justice]], there may be an increased incidence of extrajudicial punishment. In such [[extreme circumstances]], police or military personnel may be authorised to [[summary execution|summarily execute]] individuals involved in [[rioting]], [[looting]] or [[violent acts]], especially if caught '' [[in flagrante delicto]]''.
==Early career==
Throughout the [[1990s]] Copeland wrestled for many [[independent circuit|independent]] [[professional wrestling promotion|promotions]] in Ontario as well in the [[Great Lakes]] region of the [[United States]] under the name ''Sexton Hardcastle''. As Sexton Hardcastle he was managed by Johnny Bradford and Judd the Studd and would go on to become a part of the successful tag team ''Sex and Violence'', with [[Joe Hitchen|Joe Legend]], in the Detroit area. During 1997, Sex and Violence were a part of a bigger [[Stable (professional wrestling)|stable]] known as Thug Life, made up of Legend, Hardcastle, childhood friend [[Jason Reso|Christian Cage]], Bloody Bill Skullion and [[Terry Gerin|Rhino Richards]]. In his indy career, he also won the SSW Tag title and the ICW [[Hardcore wrestling|Street Fight]] Tag Title twice with Cage, in addition to a reign with ICW/MWCW Midwest Unified Tag Title alongside Joe. The duo of Copeland and Reso was known as ''Hard Impact'', before changing their name to ''The Suicide Blondes''. In his MySpace blog, he also recalls the duo being known as the ''Canadian Rockers''. Copeland also once wrestled under the name ''Damon Striker'' on the [[February 3]], [[1996]] edition of [[WCW Saturday Night]], against [[Tonga Fifita|Meng]].
A [[forced disappearance|"disappearance"]] occurs where someone who is believed to have been targeted for [[extrajudicial execution]] does not reappear alive. Their ultimate fate is thereafter unknown or never fully confirmed.
==World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment==
In 1998 Copeland was signed by the [[World Wrestling Entertainment|World Wrestling Federation]] (WWF), and made his WWF television debut on the [[June 22]], [[1998]] episode of [[WWE Raw|''RAW is WAR'']] as '''Edge''', a loner [[Gimmick (professional wrestling)|character]] who entered the arena through the crowd for his matches. His first character persona was that he would walk around the city streets aimlessly and beat up defenseless bystanders. His first televised match was against [[Jose Estrada, Jr.]] and ended prematurely, by countout, when Edge performed a [[Professional wrestling aerial techniques#Senton|somersault senton]] from the ring to the outside, ([[Legit (professional wrestling)|legitimately]]) injuring Estrada's neck.[http://slashwrestling.com/raw/980622.html] In his first pay-per-view match with the company, [[SummerSlam (1998)|SummerSlam 1998]], he served as [[Rena Mero|Sable]]'s mystery tag team partner against [[Jacqueline Moore|Jacqueline]] and [[Marc Mero]], and actually bodyslammed Sable on to Mero in a [[Pinfall (professional wrestling)|pinning]] position to pick up the win.
==Around the world==
===1999-2000===
See [[NKVD troika]] and [[Special Council of the NKVD]] for examples from the history of the Soviet Union , where extrajudicial punishment "[[by administrative means]]" was part of the state policy. Most Latin American dictatorships have regularly instituted extrajudicial killings of their enemies; for one of the better-known examples, see ''[[Operation Condor]].''
Edge was then placed into a [[Feud (professional wrestling)|feud]] against the vampire wrestler [[David Heath (wrestler)|Gangrel]]. During the feud Gangrel introduced [[Jason Reso|Christian]], Edge's ([[kayfabe]]) brother as his ally. Eventually, Gangrel and Christian convinced Edge to join them and the three of them formed a [[Stable (professional wrestling)|faction]] known as [[The Brood (professional wrestling)|The Brood]]. The Brood as a whole was later abducted by and converted into [[The Undertaker]]'s [[Ministry of Darkness]].
<ref> http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200610/ai_n17195860 </ref>
[[Image:E&C.jpg|thumb|right|Edge and [[Jason Reso|Christian]] as the [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|WWF Tag Team Champions]].]]
Some consider the killing of [[Black Panther Party|Black Panther]] [[Fred Hampton]] to have been an extrajudicial killing ordered by the [[United States]] government. Also, the U.S. has been accused of exercising a covert prison system set up by the [[CIA]] in several countries, especially [[Egypt]], to evade [[U.S. jurisdiction]]. <ref> http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/01/AR2005110101644.html </ref> The deaths of the leaders of the leftist urban guerilla group Red Army Faction [[Ulrike Meinhof]], [[Andreas Baader]], [[Gudrun Ensslin]], and [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] is by some regarded as extrajudicial killings, a theory partly based on the testimony of [[Irmgard Möller]] .
In May of 1999 the Brood broke away from The Ministry after Christian was attacked by [[Ken Shamrock]] and forced by him to reveal the ___location of the captive [[Stephanie McMahon-Levesque|Stephanie McMahon]]. The Undertaker chose to have Christian punished for his trespass, but Edge and Gangrel stood by him and [[Turn (professional wrestling)|turned]] against Undertaker. This was historic in the effect that no one else actually defected from the Ministry before or after that: it dissolved with all the other members intact.
The government of Israel has also been accused of carrying out extrajudicial killings, which they term "targeted assassinations," against leaders of organisations involved in carrying out attacks against Israel. The Israeli government and its defenders, however, consider these people to be [[enemy combatant]]s and not [[civilians]]; claiming they are legitimate military targets as per the [[Laws of war|rules of engagement]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
Following a short feud with the Ministry, they began a feud with [[Hardy Boyz|The Hardy Boyz]] ([[Matt Hardy|Matt]] and [[Jeff Hardy]]). Soon, however, Gangrel turned on [[Edge and Christian]] and formed The New Brood with their enemies, The Hardy Boyz.
During the [[apartheid]] years [[South Africa|South Africa's]] security forces were also accused of using extra-judicial means to deal with their political opponents. After his release, [[Nelson Mandela]] would refer to these acts as proof of a [[Third force (South Africa)|Third Force]] . This was denied vehemently by the administration of [[F.W. de Klerk]]. Later the [[South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission]], led by Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] would find that both military and police agencies such as the [[Civil Cooperation Bureau]] and [[C10]] based at [[Vlakplaas]] were guilty off gross [[human rights violations]]. This led the [[International Criminal Court]] to declare apartheid a [[crime against humanity]].
Even after the New Brood split Edge & Christian continued to feud with The Hardy Boyz. The two teams competed in the a tag team [[ladder match]] at the [[WWE No Mercy#1999|1999 No Mercy]] pay-per-view for the "[[Manager (professional wrestling)|managerial services]]" of [[Terri Runnels]] and $100,000, however Edge & Christian came up short.
==Extra-judicial killings==
On April 2 at [[WrestleMania 2000]], Edge and Christian defeated the Hardy Boyz and the [[Dudley Boyz]] to win their first [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|WWF Tag Team Title]] in a Triangle [[Ladder match]] which birthed the [[Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match]].
:''For extrajudicial executions see also [[Assassination]] ''
Following this victory, Edge and Christian found success as a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] duo, shifting their gimmick from borderline [[Goth subculture|goth]] to a comedic pair of "cool dudes", winning the WWF Tag Team Titles six more times for a total of seven. During this time their trademark became the "''five second pose''" where they would perform a pose in the ring for five seconds "for the benefit of those with flash photography" to mock, insult, or otherwise amuse the fans. They also competed as a team in the first three Tables, Ladders, and Chairs matches, winning the first two over The Dudley Boyz and The Hardy Boyz, at [[SummerSlam (2000)|SummerSlam 2000]] and then again at [[WrestleMania X-Seven]].
Extrajudicial killings are the illegal killing of leading political, trades union, dissident and/or social figures by either the state government, [[state authorities]] like the armed forces and police (as in [[Liberia]] under [[Charles G. Taylor]] ), or by [[criminal outfits]] like the [[Italian]] [[Mafia]].
===2001-2002===
At the [[Royal Rumble (2001)|2001 Royal Rumble]] Edge and Christian were defeated by the Dudley Boyz and lost the World Tag Team Titles. They attempted (unsuccessfully) to regain their tag titles at [[WWE No Way Out#2001|No Way Out 2001]] against the Dudley Boyz and the [[Brothers of Destruction]] but succeeded at [[Wrestlemania X-Seven]] against the Dudley Boyz and The Hardyz in TLC 2.
Extrajudicial killings and [[death squads]] are most common in the Middle East (mostly in Palestine and [[Iraq]]) <ref> http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=FUL20051124&articleId=1315 </ref> <ref> http://www.electronicintifada.net/bytopic/extrajudicial-killings.shtml </ref> <ref> http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engamr510792005 </ref> <ref> http://www.brusselstribunal.org/FullerKillings.htm </ref> <ref> http://soccerdad.baltiblogs.com/archives/2007/06/24/extrajudicial_killings_hamas_style.html </ref>, Central America<ref>http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/US_ThirdWorld/deathsquads_ElSal.html</ref>
Edge would go on to solidify himself as a burgeoning singles star by winning the [[King of the Ring#2001|2001 King of the Ring]] tournament. Christian turned on Edge shortly afterward, and the two feuded over Edge's [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Championship]], which he lost to him and won right back. Edge lost the Intercontinental Title to [[Andrew Martin|Test]] and shortly afterward won the [[WWE United States Championship|WCW United States Championship]] from [[Kurt Angle]]. Edge defeated Test at [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series 2001]] to unify the Intercontinental Championship with the [[WWE United States Championship|WCW United States Championship]] he previously lost.
<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR290151996?open&of=ENG-SLV</ref>
<ref>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/elsalvador2/index.html</ref> , [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]] <ref> http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/48723123_world_bangladesh_release_journalist_and_rights_activist </ref>
, [[India]] and Kashmir <ref> http://usa.mediamonitors.net/content/view/full/44302 </ref>
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6367917.stm </ref>
<ref> http://www.gharib.demon.co.uk/reports/ustates.htm </ref>
<ref> http://sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/09-19_Extrajudicial_Killings.php?uid=1954 </ref> <ref> http://www.tamilnation.org/intframe/us/060529ustamils.htm </ref>
<ref> http://www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF71.htm </ref> several nations or regions in [[Equatorial Africa]]<ref>http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/30001/story.htm</ref>
, many parts of [[South America]] <ref> http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR190082007 </ref>, [[Chechnya]] , <ref> http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article2293482.ece </ref>, [[Russia]]<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6163502.stm</ref>
, [[Uzbekistan]], [[North Ossetia]], parts of [[Thailand]] <ref> http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2003/407/ </ref>
<ref> http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=11686 </ref> and in the [[Philippines]] <ref> http://www.pinoyhr.net/ </ref> <ref> http://hrw.org/reports/2007/philippines0607/ </ref> <ref> http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2692483.ece} </ref> <ref> http://www.radiopinoyusa.com/radiopinoy_news.php?id=NEWS-00592} </ref>
<ref> http://www.pcusa.org/pcnews/2007/07271.htm </ref> <ref> http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=11686 </ref>.
The 3 different modern examples are listed in the sub-headings below, along with the 'Cold War' to help to illustrate the point.
Throughout the winter months of [[2001]] Edge feuded with [[Darren Matthews|William Regal]] for the Intercontinental Title after being defeated by Regal for it. Edge came up short in the feud. When [[WrestleMania X8]] came around Edge found himself in a match with [[Booker Huffman|Booker T]] that was the result of Edge beating out Booker for a fictitious [[Japan]]ese [[shampoo]] endorsement.
===Cold war usage===
Shortly after defeating Booker T at Wrestlemania, Edge was drafted to the ''[[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|SmackDown!]]'' brand in the first [[WWE Draft Lottery]]. Upon arriving there he began a feud against [[Kurt Angle]], which culminated in Edge shaving Kurt's head following a [[Professional wrestling match types#Luchas de Apuestas|hair vs. hair match]] at [[WWE Judgment Day#2001|Judgment Day]]. It was also in this feud where Edge started the "you suck" chants every time Kurt Angle enters a WWE ring, usually in tune with Angle's entrance music. When [[Oscar Gutierrez|Rey Mysterio]] made his ''SmackDown!'' debut, he and Edge formed a [[tag team|team]] and captured the [[WWE Tag Team Championship]]. He also received matches for the [[WWE Championship]] against title holders [[Brock Lesnar]] and [[Paul Wight|The Big Show]].
[[Image:Nguyen.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[General]] [[Nguyễn Ngọc Loan]] summarily executes [[Nguyễn Văn Lém]].]]
===2003-2004===
In [[February 2003]], Copeland suffered a [[Legit (professional wrestling)|legit]] neck injury that required surgery and kept him sidelined for close to a year. During his recovery he wrote a column for WWE.com. He was scheduled to return to the ring in [[February 2004]], but suffered a (legit) broken hand just before his planned return which forced him to stay out of the ring for an additional month. He was placed on the ''RAW'' brand in the [[WWE Draft|draft lottery]] after [[WrestleMania XX]], and returned to in-ring action shortly after that event. On the [[April 19]], [[2004]] edition of ''RAW'' he and [[Chris Benoit]] won the [[World Tag Team Championship]]. He continued to back Benoit and be there whenever Benoit needed him, even after they lost the titles. The partnership was disbanded when Edge won the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Championship]].
The former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Communist Bloc]] country used to also killed dissidents this way to, during the [[Cold War]]. Those who were not killed were sent to '[[Gulag]]' prison camps.
At [[WWE Vengeance#2004|Vengeance 2004]], Edge defeated [[Randy Orton]] to win the Intercontinental Championship. He then began to [[Turn (professional wrestling)|turn]] [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]], cheating to keep the title and getting confrontational with ally [[Chris Jericho]]. Following a (legit) groin injury in a non-televised match ''RAW'' then-[[List of authority figures in professional wrestling|General Manager]] [[Eric Bischoff]] stripped Edge of the Intercontinental Championship.
[[Nguyễn Văn Lém ]] (referred to as Captain Bay Lop) (died 1 [[February 1968]] in Saigon ) was a member of the [[Viet Cong]] who was summarily executed in [[Saigon]] during the [[Tet Offensive]]. The picture of his death would became one of may an anti- [[Vietnam War]] icons in the [[Western World]]. <ref> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_L%C3%A9m </ref>
When Edge returned, his [[Gimmick (professional wrestling)|gimmick]] was portrayed as a crazed heel with severe anger management problems centered around his obsession for the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]]. He, Benoit and [[Shawn Michaels]] received a chance to be voted by fans to receive a title shot at [[Triple H]]'s World Heavyweight Championship for [[WWE Cyber Sunday#2004|Taboo Tuesday 2004]]. However, Shawn Michaels won the vote, which gave the two remaining wrestlers, Edge and Benoit, a Tag Title shot. During the match Edge abandoned his partner (although Benoit managed to win the titles on his own) and instead interfered in the main event, costing Michaels the championship.
During the 1960s throughout the 1970s death squads were used against the [[Viet Cong]] cadre as well as supporters in neighbouring countries notably [[Cambodia]]. See also [[Phoenix Program]] (also known as Phung Hoang). The [[Viet Cong]] also used death squads of their own against civilians for political reasons. {{Facts|date=February 2007}}
In December, both Edge and Benoit competed in a #1 contender's [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]], eliminating each other simultaneously at the conclusion of the match, resulting in a draw. Due to this, the World Heavyweight Champion [[Triple H]] was forced to defend the title in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-competitor match variations|triple threat match]]. During the course of the match, Benoit locked on the [[Professional wrestling holds#Crossface|Crippler Crossface]], while in it Edge shifted his weight putting Benoit's shoulders on the mat for a pin. The match also ended in a draw for Benoit and Edge, as Benoit made Edge submit at the same time the referee counted a pinfall for Edge. As a result of this, the World Heavyweight Title was vacated the next week on ''RAW''.
The use of computers by the American forces to compile lists of 'suspects' as well as the indefinite detention of 'suspects' in 'black' locations as well as their detention, torture, and execution without judicial oversight or protection is typical of American [[black ops]] in the Post World War II era.
[[Argentina]] used extrajudicial killings as way of crushing the [[liberal]] and [[communist]] opposition to the military [[Junta]] during the '[[Dirty war]]' <ref> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War </ref> of the late [[1960's]] and most of the [[1970's]]. The [[Chilean]] Junta of [[1972]] to [[1992]] also committed such killings to. See [[Operation Condor]] for examples.
===2005-2006===
Edge got another shot at the World Heavyweight Championship at [[WWE New Year's Revolution#2005|New Year's Revolution 2005]] in the [[Elimination Chamber]]. Edge and a returning [[Shawn Michaels]], who was acting as [[Referee (professional wrestling)|guest referee]], renewed their rivalry when Michaels hit Edge with 'Sweet Chin Music' as retaliation for an accidental Spear, causing Edge to be the first eliminated. Edge went on to defeat Michaels at the [[Royal Rumble (2005)|2005 Royal Rumble]] later in the month.
Also during the [[Communist]] versus [[Capitalist]] [[Salvadoran civil war]], death squads achieved notoriety when [[far-right]] [[vigilantes]] [[assassinated]] [[Archbishop Óscar Romero]] for his social activism in [[March 1980]]. In [[December 1980]], three [[United States|American]] [[nuns]] and a lay worker were raped and murdered by a [[military unit]] later found to have been acting on specific orders. [[Death squads]] were instrumental in killing hundreds of peasants and activists. Because the death squads involved were found to have been soldiers of the [[Salvadoran military]], which was receiving U.S. funding and training from American advisers during the Carter administration. <ref> http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/US_ThirdWorld/deathsquads_ElSal.html</ref>During the [[El Salvador Civil War|Salvadoran civil war]], death squads achieved notoriety when far-right vigilantes assassinated Archbishop [[Óscar Romero]] for his social activism in March 1980 . In December 1980, three American nuns and a lay worker were raped and murdered by a military unit later found to have been acting on specific orders. Death squads were instrumental in killing hundreds of peasants and activists. Because the death squads involved were found to have been soldiers of the Salvadoran military, which was receiving U.S. funding and training from American advisors during the [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] administration, these events prompted outrage in the U.S. and led to a temporary cutoff in military aid from the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration.
At [[WrestleMania 21]], Edge won the first ever "[[Money in the Bank ladder match]]", gaining himself a contract that gave him a shot at the World Heavyweight Championship within one year.
It was around this time that Edge came under heavy criticism, especially from the Internet wrestling community, due to his ([[Legit (professional wrestling)|legit]]) "betrayal" of fellow wrestler and real life friend, [[Matt Hardy]], by having an affair with Matt's girlfriend of six years [[Amy Dumas|Lita]]. Hardy had been out of action for several months with a torn [[anterior cruciate ligament]] and shortly after he recovered, Lita suffered the same injury and was put out of action. It was during this time that Edge, despite being married, began an affair with Dumas. [[Image:Edge_and_Lita_in_July,_2005.JPG|thumb|right|Edge and Lita in July 2005.]]
One of the earliest cases of extradudical killings was in Wiemar [[Germany]] <ref> http://econ161.berkeley.edu/movable_type/2003_archives/001832.html </ref>.
Nevertheless, or perhaps because of this, Edge was paired with Lita in an [[Angle (professional wrestling)|angle]] where she turned on her [[kayfabe]] husband [[Glen Jacobs|Kane]]. On the [[July 11]] edition of ''RAW'', Edge's main event match with Kane was interrupted when Matt Hardy made a surprising appearance. The situation was suspected to be a [[shoot (professional wrestling)|worked shoot]], with Hardy referring to Edge by his real name, "Adam", and issuing a threat to Lita as well. When Matt Hardy was officially brought back to ''RAW'' he and Edge faced continued their [[Feud (professional wrestling)|feud]] leading to a match at [[SummerSlam (2005)|SummerSlam 2005]], where Edge defeated Hardy in a hardcore match by "excessive blood loss".They then competed in a classic [[Street Fight]]. The match was resulted in a no-contest when Matt Hardy did a Side Effect on Edge off the entrance ramp and into sound speakers and other electrical equipment. They also fought in a [[Steel Cage match]] at WWE Unforgiven 2005, which Matt won after a leg drop on Edge from the top of the cage. Edge defeated Hardy in a "Loser Leaves RAW Money in The Bank Ladder Match". at ''WWE Homecoming'', seemingly ending their feud once and for all.
===Middle east===
Shortly after the ''Homecoming'' victory, Edge suffered a (legit) torn [[pectoral muscle]] that kept him shelved for several weeks. During his time off, he starred in his own talk show segment on ''RAW'' entitled ''The Cutting Edge'' and dubbed himself the "[[MPAA film rating system|Rated-R]] Superstar". Edge used his talk show to start a feud with [[Ric Flair]] following Flair's well-publicized arrest in connection with a [[Road rage (phenomenon)|road rage]] incident. Edge began using "The Cutting Edge" as a soapbox to run down Flair until, after weeks of public mockery, Flair eventually showed up and attacked Edge. Edge and Flair formally met at [[WWE New Year's Revolution#2006|New Year's Revolution 2006]] in a match in which Edge was disqualified. Later that night, however, following the main event [[Elimination Chamber]] match [[Vince McMahon]] appeared on stage, declaring that [[John Cena]] would defend the [[WWE Championship]] he'd just retained "one more time." Cena was forced into a match against Edge, who decided to cash in his [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank contract]]. Edge defeated Cena in less than two minutes after two [[spears]] (the first one Cena used his last bit of energy to kick out) to become WWE Champion, and a [[Triple Crown Champion]].
The [[Israeli intelligence]] and [[Hamas]] [[Militants]] have been in a steady war of attrition with each other, regularly killing local officials since the [[Fatah]] / Hamas [[civil war]] began in early [[2007]]. [[Iraq]] has also suffered badly since the post-invasion insurgency of [[2005]].
In an interview conducted after ''New Year's Revolution'' on WWE.com, Edge announced that he and Lita would have "hot, torrid sex" in the middle of the ring on ''RAW'' the next night to celebrate his victory. On ''RAW'', a visibly aroused Edge seemingly held up to that promise by engaging in [[foreplay]] with Lita until they were interrupted by Ric Flair calling Edge a disgrace and "dead in the bed". However, Flair ended up on the receiving end of a [[Professional wrestling attacks#One man con-chair-to|con-chair-to]] on the announcers' table until John Cena came out to rescue Flair (and delivering an F-U to a half-naked Lita much to the surprise of Edge). The "Live Sex Celebration" segment earned ''RAW'' a 5.2 rating and Edge would later call himself the "most-watched WWE Champion in the last 5 years" due to the high ratings.
===Philippines===
Three weeks (to the day) later, at the [[Royal Rumble (2006)|2006 Royal Rumble]], Edge lost the WWE Championship back to Cena. He then lost a return match on a special Thursday edition of ''RAW'' held on [[February 16]], [[2006]]. Edge blamed [[Professional wrestling match types#Special referee|special guest referee]] [[Mick Foley]] for his loss, claiming biased officiating, and attacked him.
At [[WWE Saturday Night's Main Event]], Foley had gotten revenge on Edge, assaulting him with a [[Professional wrestling attacks#one-man con-chair-to|Con-chair-to]]. They feuded until Early [[April]]'s [[WrestleMania 22]] where Edge defeated Foley in a [[Hardcore wrestling|Hardcore match]], bringing Edge's WrestleMania record to 5-0, the second best undefeated streak at WrestleMania (second only to [[The Undertaker]]'s 14-0).
Death squads were especially active in this country during the American invasion of the [[1950s]] and the regime in the 1980s; they continue to be active as of 2007.
Edge would challenge John Cena for his title again in a Triple Threat match including [[Triple H]] at [[WWE Backlash#2006|Backlash 2006]]. Cena pinned Triple H to retain.
The [[New People's Army]] ('''NPA''') groups known as "[[Sparrow Units]]" were active in the mid-1980s, killing government officials, police personnel, military members, and anyone else they targeted for elimination. They were also supposedly part of an NPA operation called "[[Agaw Armas]]" ([[Filipino]] for "[[Stealing Weapons]]
After [[WWE Backlash#2006|Backlash]], Edge appeared to be continuing his feud with [[Mick Foley]] as they entered a [[Professional wrestling match types#Basic non-elimination matches|Triple Threat Hardcore Match]]; however, Foley immediately attacked friend [[Tommy Dreamer]], with Edge's assistance. Edge and Foley then proclaimed that, because of their brutal match at ''WrestleMania'', they are the true Hardcore Champions. The duo partnered against [[Tommy Dreamer]] and [[Terry Funk]], leading up to [[ECW One Night Stand#2006|One Night Stand 2006']]. At the pay-per-view, Edge, Foley, and Lita defeated Dreamer, Funk, and [[Trisa Hayes|Beulah McGillicutty]] in an "Extreme Rules" tag team match.
"), where they raided government armories as well as stealing weapons from slain military and police personnel. A low level [[civil war]] with south [[Moslems]], [[Al-Qaeda]] sympathizers and [[communist]] insurgents has lead to a general break down of [[law and order]]. The [[Politics_of_the_Philippines#National_Government_of_the_Philippines|Philippines government]] has promised to curb the killings, but is itself implicated in many of the killings. <ref>http://www.pinoyhr.net/</ref>
====Extrajudicial Killings Summit====
During the ECW feud, Edge also won the #1 contendership for the WWE Title against [[Paul Wight|The Big Show]] on ''RAW''. While #1 contender Edge interfered in a WWE Title match between champion John Cena and challenger [[Rob Van Dam]], helping Van Dam win the title. However, Edge was unable to win the title when he got his shot at it at [[WWE Vengeance#2006|Vengeance 2006]].
The 22nd [[PUNO Supreme Court]] is set to hold a [[National Consultative Summit on extrajudicial killings]] on July 16 and 17, [[2007]] at the [[Manila Hotel]]. Invited representatives from the three branches of the government will participate (including the [[AFP]], the [[PNP]], [[CHR]], [[media]], [[academe]], [[civil society]] and [[other stakeholders]]).
Two weeks later, on the [[July 3]] edition of ''RAW'', Edge pinned [[Rob Van Dam]] in a Triple Threat No Disqualification Match, after blindsiding John Cena with the title belt, to become [[WWE Championship|WWE Champion]] for the second time. The match marked the first time the WWE Championship changed hands on ''RAW'' since [[October 8]], [[2001]].
[[Puno]] will give the [[keynote speech]] and [[closing remarks]]. [[Puno]] searches for major solutions to solve forced disappearances.
Winning the title re-ignited his feud with John Cena from earlier in the year with Edge taking a shortcut at [[WWE Saturday Night's Main Event|SNME]] (losing by disqualification) in order to retain his title. As a result of these tactics, Cena snapped and F-Ued him through the Spanish announcer's table. A match was later made for [[SummerSlam (2006)|SummerSlam 2006]] where if Edge was disqualified he would not only lose the match, but also his title. In the SummerSlam match, Edge managed to retain his title by pinning Cena after hitting him in the back of the head with [[brass knuckles]] while Lita distracted the referee.
During the first day of the summit, the speakers will present their respective papers comprising significant inputs from their respective sectors, while on the second day, the participants will break out into 12 groups (chaired by a Justice) and take part in a workshop. Local and international observers (the diplomatic corps and representatives from various international organizations) will be accredited.
On the next night's ''RAW'', [[Amy Dumas|Lita]], at Edge's command, threw John Cena's customized "spinner" belt into the [[Long Island Sound]], declaring the end of the "Cena era" in his life. Following that, a column of smoke descended from the rafters concealing his brand new "Rated R" version of the belt. Cena, however, continued to haunt Edge, only to interfere in Edge's match and chase him down to the outside of the building, beat him down, and toss him into the polluted [[Long Island Sound]] himself. The next week, Cena came out, procuring a "three year" contract to [[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|''SmackDown!'']] and promising to sign it if Edge could beat him one more time. Edge agreed, on the condition the match be a [[Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match|Tables, Ladders, and Chairs Match]] (TLC), and held at [[WWE Unforgiven#2006|Unforgiven 2006]] in Edge's home town of [[Toronto]]. At the event, he lost the championship to Cena after Cena F-Ued him through two stacked tables from the ladder.
Puno announced that "the summit highlight will be a plenary session where each of the 12 groups shall report to the body their recommended resolutions. The reports and proposals will be synthesized and then transmitted to the concerned government agencies for appropriate action".
On the [[October 2]] episode of ''RAW'', interference from [[D-Generation X]] ([[Shawn Michaels]] and [[Triple H]]) cost Edge his "final chance" at Cena's WWE Championship in a [[Steel Cage match|Steel Cage]]. Though the interference was a response to the interference of [[Lance Cade]] and [[Trevor Rhodes|Trevor Murdoch]], Edge joined forces with [[Randy Orton]] in a feud against DX. Edge cited Orton's lack of success after being kicked out of [[Evolution (professional wrestling)|Evolution]] by [[Triple H]] and DX's "stale" antics "taking up TV time" as reasons to join forces. The duo succeeded early on defeating DX at [[WWE Cyber Sunday#2006|Cyber Sunday]] with thanks to guest referee [[Eric Bischoff]]. The pair then won the [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] from [[Ric Flair]] and [[Roddy Piper]] on the [[November 13]] ''RAW'', giving Edge sole possession of the World Tag Team Championship title reign record at 11 reigns. The success halted at [[Survivor Series (2006)|Survivor Series 2006]] when Team Rated-RKO was defeated by Team DX, 5-0, in a clean sweep.
The earlier slated [[Malacañang]]-sponsored "Mindanao Peace and Security Summit (July 8-10, 2007 at Cagayan de Oro City), focussed on how to make the anti-terror law, or the Human Security Act (HSA) of 2007, more acceptable to the public. <ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=75094 Inquirer.net, SC slates summit on extrajudicial killings]</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/49959/SC-slates-summit-on-extrajudicial-killings GMA NEWS.TV, Chief Justice unfazed by Palace meet]</ref>
===2007===
The feud with DX continued at [[WWE New Year's Revolution#2007|New Year's Revolution 2007]] where Edge and Orton were battered by DX and the match ended in a no contest. However, Edge and Orton claimed victory on the grounds that Triple H [[legit (professional wrestling)|legitimately]] tore his quadriceps in the match. To Edge and Orton, this marked the end of DX. Shawn Michaels vowed to deal with Rated-RKO and that vow was kept, when the next week on ''RAW'' he took out Randy Orton with a con-chair-to, while Edge looked on from the entrance ramp. On [[January 29]], 2007 edition of ''RAW'', Rated-RKO lost the [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] to [[Shawn Michaels]] and [[John Cena]]. As weeks went by, some signs of a break up between Rated RKO began to show - particularly when Edge walked out on Orton in a match on Raw. The next week on RAW, Orton told Edge that he did ''not'' have his back.<!-- DO NOT ADD WEEK BY WEEK EVENTS, RUMORS OR SPECULATION. THIS INCLUDES ANNOUNCED MATCHES THAT HAVE NOT YET OCCURRED. WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A NEWS SITE BUT AN ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA. Please see the articles "Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not" and "Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles" for more information. -->
On July 16, 2007, Justices, activists, militant leaders, police officials, politicians and prelates attended the Supreme Court's two-day summit at the Manila Hotel in [[Manila City]] to map out ways to put an end to the string of extrajudicial killings in the [[Philippines]]. Bayan was set to launch their "[[silent protest]]", but expressed support for the high court's initiative. Director Geary Barias, chief of the police's anti-killings Task Force Usig, Sen. Panfilo Lacson, [[Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim]], Caloocan Bishop Deogracias Yñiguez, re-elected party-list Representatives Satur Ocampo (Bayan Muna) and Crispin Beltran (Anakpawis) attended. Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno said that the "National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Forced Disappearances: Searching for Solutions," would help stop the murders. Delegates were given 12 to 15 minutes each to share their insights and knowledge about the matter. Yniguez accused the government of failing to actively pursue investigations on the hundreds of killings and the Catholic Church was alarmed that victims have been denied their "fundamental right" to live.
==In wrestling==
*'''Finishing moves'''
:*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spear|'''Spear''']]
:*'''''Edgecution''''' ([[DDT (professional wrestling)#Lifting DDT|Lifting DDT]])
:*'''''Edgecator''''' ([[Sharpshooter (professional wrestling) #Variations|Kneeling inverted sharpshooter]])
:*'''''Downward Spiral''''' ([[Facebuster#Complete Shot|Modified reverse STO]]) - 1999
Based on Yniguez-church's count, the number of victims of extrajudicial killings has reached 778, while survivors of "political assassinations," was pegged at 370. He also noted 203 "massacre" victims, 186 people who involuntarily disappeared, 502 tortured, and others who were illegally arrested. Yniguez similarly criticized the government's alleged insistence on implementing its Oplan Bantay Laya I and II (the military's counter-insurgency operation plans which militants have said consider legal people's organizations as targets).
*'''Signature moves'''
:*''Edge-O-Matic'' ([[Professional wrestling throws#Sitout rear mat slam|Sitout rear mat slam]])
:*[[Suplex#Belly to back suplex|Back suplex]]
:*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Crossbody|Crossbody]]
:*[[Dropkick]]
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Electric chair bomb|Electric chair bomb]]
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Flapjack|Flapjack]]
:*[[Suplex#German suplex|German suplex]] - 2001-2002
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Half nelson bulldog|Half nelson bulldog]]
:*[[Dropkick#Missile dropkick|Missile dropkick]]
:*[[Suplex#Belly to belly suplex|Overhead belly to belly suplex]]
:*[[Professional wrestling holds#Rear naked choke|Rear naked choke]]
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Russian legsweep|Russian legsweep]]
:*[[Professional wrestling holds#Sleeper hold|Sleeper hold]]
:*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning heel-kick|Spinning heel-kick]]
:*[[Professional wrestling attacks#One man con-chair-to|One man con-chair-to]]
Meanwhile, Bayan urged the Supreme Court to "check serious threats to civil liberties and basic freedoms" including the anti-terror law or the Human Security Act of 2007, which took effect on July 15 despite protests from leftist groups.
*'''[[Manager (professional wrestling)|Managers]]'''
:*Johnny Bradford
:*[[Jason Reso|Christian Cage]]
:*[[David Heath (wrestler)|Gangrel]]
:*[[Amy Dumas|Lita]]
:*[[Terri Runnels]]
:*Judd the Studd
:*"Flambouyant" Lou Glamsly
Vice President Teofisto Guingona Jr. will join Bayan and other leftist groups as petitioners in their formal pleading before the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of the law. Human rights lawyer Atty. Edre Olalia of the International Association of People’s Lawyers (IAPL) will serve as lead counsel. Bayan chair Carol Araullo said the respondents will include members of the Anti-Terrorism Council headed by Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita and Raul Gonzalez. Earlier, [CBCP president Angel Lagdameo] pointed out at least 5 provisions of the law that may threaten civil liberties: Sec. 19 allows detentions of mere suspects for more than three days in the event of an actual or terrorist attack, while Section 26 allows house arrest despite the posting of bail, and prohibits the right to travel and to communicate with others; Sec. 39 allows seizure of assets while Sec. 7 allows surveillance and wiretapping of suspects; Sec. 26 allows the investigation of bank deposits and other assets. <ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/51197/Justices-activists-prelates-map-out-ways-to-end-killings GMA NEWS.TV, Justices, activists, prelates map out ways to end killings]</ref>
*'''Nicknames'''
:*[[King of the Ring#2001|King Edge the Awesome]]
:*[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Mr. Money in the Bank]]
:*The [[MPAA film rating system|Rated R]] Superstar
===United Kingdom (UK)===
*'''[[Music in professional wrestling|Theme music]]'''
In [[Northern Ireland]], various [[paramilitary]], [[terrorist]], [[quasi-political]], [[pseudo-religious]], and ''ad hoc'' state institutions killed without lawful excuse during [[The Troubles]].
:Edge's current WWE entrance music is ''[[Metalingus (song)|Metalingus]]'' by [[Alter Bridge]]. During 2001-2003 it was ''Never Gonna Stop (The Red, Red Kroovy)'' by [[Rob Zombie]] and before that he used two pieces of WWF produced [[production music]] entitled ''You Think You Know Me'' and ''On the Edge''. Since ''You Think You Know Me'', all of his theme music has been preceded by the eponymous phrase from that song, including the ''Burn In My Light/Metalingus'' combination used for [[Rated-RKO]].
<ref> http://www.btinternet.com/~chief.gnome/gordon16.htm </ref>
<ref> http://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Hsw-09.htm </ref> <ref> http://www.sptimes.com/2007/06/24/Opinion/A_grim_lesson_from_Ul.shtml </ref> <ref> http://naclaoimhtesolais.com/Reject%20The%20PSNI.htm </ref>
In [[England]] ''ad hoc'' [[racist]] and [[criminal]] [[gangs]] are also believed to behind most of the recent [[racist]] and [[Black-on-Black urban killings]]. The British state has apparently paid little attention to either the problems of [[gangland]] or [[racist killing]]s in the UK. <ref> http://customxml.com/rssnews/index.php?blog=3&title=damilola_killer_loses_attempt_to_quash_c&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 </ref> <ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2773771.stm </ref>
==Championships and accomplishments==
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1792334.stm </ref>
*'''Insane Championship Wrestling'''
<ref> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4791094.stm </ref>
:*ICW/MWCW Mid-West Unified Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with [[Joe Hitchen|Psycho Joe Sampson]]
<ref> http://kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=982 </ref>
:*ICW Streetfight Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with [[Jason Reso|Christian Cage]]
*'''Outlaw Championship Wrestling'''
:*OCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with [[Joe Hitchen|Psycho Joe Sampson]]
== Human rights groups==
*'''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]'''
:*2000 [[PWI Match of the Year|Match of the Year]] – with Christian, vs. the [[Hardy Boyz]] ([[Matt Hardy|Matt]] and [[Jeff Hardy]]) vs. the [[Dudley Boyz|The Dudley Boyz]] ([[Mark Lamonica|Bubba Ray]] and [[Devon Hughes|D-Von Dudley]]) <small>(Triangle [[ladder match]], [[WrestleMania 2000]])</small>
:*2001 [[PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year|Most Improved Wrestler]]
:*2001 Match of the Year – with Christian, vs. the Hardy Boyz (Matt and Jeff Hardy) vs. the The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von Dudley) <small>([[Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match|TLC II]], [[WrestleMania X-Seven]])</small>
:*2004 [[PWI Comeback of the Year|Comeback of the Year]]
:*2005 [[PWI Feud of the Year|Feud of the Year]] - with [[Amy Dumas|Lita]], vs. [[Matt Hardy]]
:*Ranked #'''3''' in the 2006 [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated|PWI 500]]
:*2006 Feud of the Year - vs. [[John Cena]]
:*2006 [[PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year|Most Hated Wrestler of the Year]]
Many [[human rights]] organisations like [[Amnesty International]] along with the [[UN]] are campaigning against extrajudicial punishment . <ref>
[[Image:Edge wwe champ.jpg|thumb|right|Edge, during his second [[WWE Championship]] reign.]]
http://www.extrajudicialexecutions.org/ </ref>
<ref> http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=22046&Cr=rights&Cr1=council </ref>
<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR290151996?open&of=ENG-SLV</ref>
<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6814001/site/newsweek/</ref>
<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6802629/site/newsweek/</ref>
==In popular culture==
*'''Southern States Wrestling'''
:*SSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Christian Cage
The subject of extrajudicial punishment was examined in the stage play and subsequent film '' [[A Few Good Men]] ''. In this film, two marines are put on trial for the death of another marine due to their administering of a ''[[Code Red]]'' (a [[military colloquial speech]] term for [[extrajudicial punishment]]) on him. The [[film]] sees the [[U.S. Marines]] acquitted of the crime, as it is shown that they were [[acting under orders from their superiors]], and therefore [[could not be held responsible for the consequences]].
*'''[[World Wrestling Entertainment|World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment]]'''
:*[[WWE Championship]] ([[List of WWE Champions|2 times]])
:*[[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|5 times]])
:*[[WWE United States Championship|WCW United States Heavyweight Championship]] ([[List of WWE United States Champions|1 time]])
:*[[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|WWF/E World Tag Team Championship]] ([[List of World Tag Team Champions|11 times]]) - with [[Jason Reso|Christian]] (7), [[Hulk Hogan]] (1), [[Chris Benoit]] (2), and [[Randy Orton]] (1)
:*[[WWE Tag Team Championship]] ([[List of WWE Tag Team Champions|1 time]]) - with [[Oscar Gutierrez|Rey Mysterio]]
:*[[King of the Ring]] ([[King of the Ring#2001|2001]])
:*[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Mr. Money in the Bank]] ([[Money in the Bank ladder match#2005|2005]])
:*[[Triple Crown Champion|Fourteenth Triple Crown Champion]]
== See also ==
*'''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]'''
* [[Assassination]]
:*2000 Tag Team of the Year - with Christian
* [[Death squad]]
:*2002 Match of the Year - with Rey Mysterio vs. Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit <small>([[WWE No Mercy#2002|No Mercy 2002]])</small>
* [[Extraordinary rendition]]
* [[Lynching]]
* [[Outlaw]]
* [[Human rights]]
* [[Summary execution]]
* [[Posse]]
* [[Prison rape]]
* [[Selective assassination]]
* [[Summary execution]]
* [[Summary justice]]
* [[Terrorism]]
* [[Vigilante]]
*'''[[Pro Wrestling Insider]]'''
:*Wrestler of the Year (2006)
==External links==
*'''[[WWE Magazine]]'''
===Monitoring organizations===
:*[[2006]] Jerk of the Year
*[[Amnesty International]]
*[http://www.ansarburney.org/ Ansar Burney Trust] (Pakistan and the Middle East)
==Personal life and trivia==
*[[Human Rights Watch]]
{{toomuchtrivia}}
*As a teenager, Copeland appeared at [[WrestleMania VI]] as part of the crowd cheering for WWF Champion [[Hulk Hogan]] in the "Ultimate Challenge" Main Event against Intercontinental Champion [[Warrior (wrestler)|Ultimate Warrior]]. He credits this match with making him realize he wanted to be a wrestler, following in the footsteps of Hogan and Warrior.
*During his high school years, Copeland was voted "Most Likely to win the [[WWE Championship|WWF World Heavyweight Championship]]", and he did on two seperate occasions, defeating [[John Cena]] and then defeating [[Rob Van Dam]] in a triple threat match, also including Cena.
*Copeland has been married twice. He was originally married to the sister of [[Sean Morley|Val Venis]], Alanah, but they divorced after a while, remaining good friends. He then married Lisa Ortiz.
*In 2000, he made a cameo appearance in the movie ''[[Highlander: Endgame]]'', credited as "Road Bandit". During the appearance, actor [[Adrian Paul]] remarks "Looks like you've lost your ''edge'', lad" after defeating him in a sword fight.
*His [[autobiography]], entitled ''Adam Copeland On Edge'', was published on [[November 4]], [[2004]]. He was only the second WWE wrestler (after [[Mick Foley]]) to write his autobiography himself instead of using a [[ghostwriter]] like many other wrestlers. Foley also wrote the foreword to this book.
*Copeland had a [[tattoo]] on his upper [[Biceps brachii muscle|biceps]] of a [[shark]] flexing its arm that resembled the protagonists of the cartoon "[[Street Sharks]]". He later covered that tattoo with a tattoo of a [[sun]]. He has another [[tattoo]] on his right upper bicep of a filled in black star with a faint red outline.
*Copeland used to play youth hockey with current [[Montreal Canadiens|Montreal Canadien]], [[Aaron Downey]] [http://www.canadiens.com/eng/magazine/thelastword.html].
*Copeland, as Edge, has appeared in every game in the [[WWE SmackDown! (video game series)|''WWE Smackdown!'' / ''WWE SmackDown! vs. RAW'']] series.
*Copeland is currently 5-0 at [[WrestleMania]], the second longest undefeated streak after [[The Undertaker|the Undertaker's]], which stands at 14
*Copeland, as Edge, has lost a championship to John Cena on January 29 two years in a row. On January 29, 2006 he lost the WWE Championship to John Cena at the 2006 WWE Royal Rumble, and on the January 29, 2007 episode of RAW he and Randy Orton lost the World Tag Team Championship to John Cena and Shawn Michaels.
*In WWE, Edge has only held a tag team championship with former, current, and future world champions.
==References==
<references/>
*[http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/profiles/e/edge.html Edge at Obsessed with Wrestling]
*[http://sports.ign.com/articles/693/693447p1.html March 2006 IGN interview with Edge]
*[http://sports.ign.com/articles/730/730263p1.html September 2006 IGN interview with Edge]
*[http://sports.ign.com/articles/759/759080p1.html January 2007 IGN interview with Edge]
==External links==
<!--In accordance with WP:PW and Wikipedia:External links, do NOT add Edge's MySpace page. -->
* [http://www.wwe.com/superstars/raw/edge/ WWE.com Profile]
* {{imdb name|id=0178581|name=Adam Copeland}}
[[Category:1973 births|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Dungeon graduates|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Highlander cast members|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Living people|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Ontario sportspeople|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:People from Tampa|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:People from Toronto|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:World Champion professional wrestlers|Copeland, Adam]]
[[Category:Capital punishment]]
[[da:Adam Copeland]]
[[Category:Criminal law]]
[[de:Adam Copeland]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses]]
[[es:Adam Copeland]]
{{Category:Extrajudicial killings}}
[[fr:Adam Copeland]]
[[it:Adam Copeland]]
[[nl:Adam Copeland]]
[[ja:アダム・コープランド]]
[[no:Edge (fribryter)]]
[[pt:Adam Copeland]]
[[ru:Эдж (рестлер)]]
[[vi:Edge]]
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