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Line 1: {{Infobox Album ~~<table border=1 width=300 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right>~~ \| Name = Jealousy ~~<tr><th colspan=2 align=center bgcolor=#FFCCCC>'''Seoul Special City'''</th></tr>~~ \| Type = Album ~~<tr><th colspan=2 align=center>[[Image:Korea_gyeongbokgung.jpg\|200px\|Gyeongbokgung]]</th></tr>~~ \| Artist = [[X Japan]] ~~<tr><th colspan=2 align=center>'''Korean Name'''</th></tr>~~ \| Cover = Xjapan_Jealousy.gif ~~<tr><td>[[Revised Romanization of Korean\|Revised Romanization]]</td><td>Seoul Teukbyeolsi</td></tr>~~ \| Released = [[July 1]], [[1991]] ~~<tr><td>[[McCune-Reischauer]]</td><td>Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlshi</td></tr>~~ \| Recorded = Complex Studio, Sound Castle Studio, Studio City, Alpha Studio, Mad Hatter Studio ~~<tr><td>[[Hangul]]</td><td>서울 특별시</td></tr>~~ \| Genre = [[Heavy metal]]<br />[[Power metal]]<br />[[Progressive metal]] ~~<tr><td>[[Hanja]]</td><td>서울 特別市</td></tr>~~ \| Length = 51:23 ~~<tr><td colspan=2 align=center><small>''(Note: there are no Hanja for "Seoul" (서울))''</small></td></tr>~~ \| Label = [[Ki/oon Records\|Ki/oon]] ~~<tr><td>Short Name</td><td>Seoul (Sŏul; 서울)</td></tr>~~ \| Producer = X Japan ~~<tr><th colspan=2 align=center>'''Statistics'''</th></tr>~~ \| Reviews = ~~<tr><td>Population</td><td>10 million <small>(approximate)</small></td></tr>~~ \| Last album = ''[[Blue Blood (album)\|Blue Blood]]''<br />(1989) ~~<tr><td>Area</td><td>614 km²<small>(approximate)</small></td></tr>~~ \| This album = ''Jealousy''<br />(1991) ~~<tr><td>Government</td><td>Special City;<br>Capital of [[South Korea]]</td></tr>~~ \| Next album = ''[[Art of Life]]''<br />(1993) ~~<tr><td>Administrative Divisions</td><td>25 wards ("Gu")</td></tr>~~ }} ~~<tr><td>[[Regions of Korea\|Region]]</td><td>[[Sudogwon]]</td></tr>~~ ~~<tr><td>[[Dialects of Korean\|Dialect]]</td><td>[[Seoul Dialect\|Seoul]]</td></tr>~~ ~~<tr><th colspan=2 align=center>'''Location Map'''</th></tr>~~ ~~<tr><td colspan=2 align=center>[[Image:Map_seoul.png\|Map of ___location of Seoul]]</td></tr>~~ ~~</table>~~ '''''Jealousy''''' is an album released by [[X Japan]] on [[July 1]], [[1991]]. It is noted for being the band's most diverse album in terms of songwriting credits and the last to feature [[Taiji (musician)\|Taiji Sawada]] on bass. [[Remaster]]ed editions of ''Jealousy'' and the album ''[[Blue Blood (album)\|Blue Blood]]'' were released on [[February 14]], [[2007]], each including a bonus CD with instrumental versions of X Japan songs.<ref>{{cite web \| title=''Jealousy Special Edition'' release information \| work=cdjapan.co.jp \| url=http://www.cdjapan.co.jp/detailview.html?KEY=KSCL-1094}}</ref> '''Seoul''' is the over 600 year old enduring capital of [[South Korea]] and until [[1945]], the capital of all of [[Korea]]. It is a designated [[special city of Korea\|special city]]. Since the establishment of the [[Republic of Korea]]—better known as South Korea—in [[1948]], it became the capital of the country, except for a short time during [[Korean War]]. ==Track listing== ~~Seoul is located in the northwest of the country below the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone\|DMZ]], on the [[Han River]]. The city is the political, cultural, social and economical centre of South Korea.~~ {\|border="1" cellpadding="4" style="border:#AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" \|- bgcolor="#F9F9F9" !# !Title !Length !Lyrics/Music \|- \|1 \|{{nihongo\|"Es Dur no Piano Sen"\|Es Durのピアノ線}} \|1:50 \| --- /[[Yoshiki (musician)\|Yoshiki]] \|- \|2 \|"[[Silent Jealousy]]" \|7:15 \|Yoshiki \|- \|3 \|"Miscast" \|5:12 \|[[Hide (musician)\|Hide]] \|- \|4 \|"Desperate Angel" \|5:48 \|[[Toshi (musician)\|Toshi]]/[[Taiji (musician)\|Taiji]] \|- \|5 \|"White Wind From Mr. Martin ~Pata's Nap~" \|1:01 \| --- /[[Pata (musician)\|Pata]] \|- \|6 \|"Voiceless Screaming" \|6:11 \|Toshi/Taiji \|- \|7 \|"Stab Me in the Back" \|3:54 \|Hitomi Shiratori/Yoshiki \|- \|8 \|"Love Replica" \|4:33 \|Hide \|- \|9 \|"Joker" \|5:12 \|Hide \|- \|10 \|"[[Say Anything (song)\|Say Anything]]" \|8:40 \|Yoshiki \|} ==References== With about 10 million registered citizens living within its 237 square miles, the city of Seoul is one of the most populated cities in the world that human civilization has yet known. Its density has allowed it to become one of the most ''digitally-wired'' cities in today's globally connected economy. It also has more than 1 million registered vehicles which cause isolated traffic-jams beyond midnight. {{reflist}} {{X Japan}} ~~== History ==~~ The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC. In that year the newly established kingdom of [[Baekje]] built its capital [[Wiryeseong]] in the Seoul area. There are several city wall remains in the area dating from this time, and Pungnap Toseong, an earthen wall whose remains lie just outside Seoul, is widely believed to be the main Wiryeseong site. During the time when the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea\|three kingdoms]] fought for hegemony in [[Korea]], Seoul was often the site where disputes were carried out. [[Category:1991 albums]] ~~<!--div style="float:right;padding-left:20px"--><!--[[Image:Map_seoul.png\|Map of ___location of Seoul]]--><!--br--><!--''Map of ___location of Seoul''--><!--/div-->~~ [[Category:X Japan albums]] [[ca:Jealousy]] It was thought that only the kingdom who controls the area around Seoul would be able to control the whole of the peninsula, because it was centre of transportation. This was the reason why in the 11th century the ruler of the [[Goryeo Dynasty]] built a palace in Seoul, which was referred to as the ''Southern Capital''. [[es:Jealousy]] [[ja:Jealousy (X)]] [[pt:Jealousy]] {{1990s-album-stub}} This city was renamed from ''Hanyang'' (漢陽) to ''Hanseong'' (漢城) when it became the capital of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] in 1394 (it is still known by this name in the [[Chinese language]]). It was renamed ''[[Gyeongseong]]'' (京城—''[[Keijo\|Keijō]]'' in [[Japanese language\|Japanese]]) during the [[Japanese Colonial Period]], and finally given the name ''Seoul'' after the 1945 liberation. The word ''Seoul'' has been used since the [[Silla]] Kingdom (57 B.C.-A.D.935). Seoul was originated from the archaic words of 'seobeol' or 'seorabeol'. Both were referred to Gyeongju, then capital of Silla, and meant the capital or capital city. Then it was transliterated into several types reflecting slight changes over time and has finally firmed up to Seoul. The Hanja ''gyeong'' (京) also means "capital" and is used to represent Seoul in the names of railway lines and freeways (for example, the [[Gyeongbu]] (Seoul-Busan) railway line and [[Gyeongin]] (Seoul-Incheon) freeway. After independence, some nationalists have insisted that ''gyeong'' should be replaced with ''seo'', the first syllable of Seoul. In this case, however, one cannot tell Seobu (서釜, Seoul-Busan) from another Seobu (西部, "western") in Hangul, so the proposal was withdrawn. Originally entirely surrounded by a massive circular [[Defensive wall\|wall]] (a 20 feet high circular stone [[fortress]]) to provide [[security]] its citizens from wild animals such as the Korean [[Tiger]] (Siberian Tiger, once roaming the wilds of Korea in large numbers; although it vanished from the peninsula long ago, its memory has been preserved in both myth and legend), [[thieves]] and attacks. The city has grown to surpass those walls and although the wall no longer stands (except in the mountains north of the downtown area), the gates remain near the downtown district of Seoul, including most notably [[Sungnyemun]] (commonly known as [[Namdaemun]]) and [[Honginjimun]] (commonly known as [[Dongdaemun]]). During the [[Joseon]] dynasty, each entrance was opened and closed each day, by ringing large bells, to allow traffic. ~~Seoul was the host city of the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] as well as one of the venues of the [[Football World Cup 2002]].~~ ~~== New Capital ==~~ On [[August 11]], [[2004]], the South Korean Government announced that the [[capital city]] will be located in the [[Gongju]] area as from [[2007]]. The new capital is yet to be named, and the move will probably not be completed before [[2012]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3554296.stm]. Although part of the election manifesto, this plan is controversial. It is possible that the proposed move may not happen if the matter comes up in a referendum. ~~==Geography==~~ ~~[[Image:Korea_seoul_tower.jpg\|thumb\|Seoul Tower]]~~ ~~[[Image:Seoul Tower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Seoul Tower]]~~ The traditional heart of Seoul is the old Joseon Dynasty city, which is now the downtown area, where most palaces, government offices, corporate headquarters, hotels and traditional markets are located. This area occupies the valley of Cheonggyecheon (청계천), a now-covered stream that runs from west to east through the valley before emptying into the Han River. To the north of downtown is [[Bukhan Mountain]], and to the south is the smaller [[Namsan]] ("South Mountain"). Further south are the old suburbs of Yongsan-gu and Mapo-gu, and the Han River. Across the Han River are the newer and wealthier areas of Gangnam-gu and surrounding neighbourhoods. The World Trade Center of Korea is located in Gangnam-gu and this is where many expositions and conferences are held. Also in Gangnam-gu is the Coex Mall that is a famous indoor mall area where many young Koreans enjoy spending time with friends. Yeouido is a large island in the middle of the Han River, downstream from Gangnam-gu, and is home to the National Assembly, the major broadcasting studios, and a number of large office buildings. The Olympic Stadium, Olympic Park, and [[Lotte World]] are located in Songpa-gu, on the south side of the Han River, upstream from Gangnam-gu. South of the sprawling Gangnam area are [[Namhan Mountain]] and [[Gwanak Mountain]]. Urban and civil planning was a key concept when Seoul was first designed to serve as a capital in the 14th century. The Royal Palaces of the Joseon Dynasty still remain in Seoul, with the main palace ([[Gyeongbukgung]]) currently being restored to its original form. Today, there exist 9 major efficient subway lines stretching for more than 100 kilometres which connects the greater Seoul Metropolitan area, with a 10th line being planned. There are many significant streets to Seoul, but the most historically significant is Jongno—meaning the "Bell Street"—where 'jong' means a bell, and 'ro' (the initial consonant becoming 'n' through a regular sound change) means a street. This bell signalled different time of the day and therefore controlled the four gates to the city. It is still intact in its original form, and hit ceremonially at 0:00 every new years day. Seoul's most important streetcar line ran along Jongno until it was replaced by Line 1 of the Seoul subway system in the early 1970s. Other notable streets in downtown Seoul include Euljiro (을지로), Sejongno (세종로), Chungmuro (충무로), Yulgongno (율곡로), and Toegyero (퇴계로). ~~[[Image:Seoul skyline daytime 3.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Seoul Skyline]]~~ ~~== Administration ==~~ ~~[[image:Seoul skyline daytime 2.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Seoul's Skyline]]~~ ~~Seoul is divided into 25 ''gu'' (구 "districts"), which are sub-divided into 15267 ''dong'', which are further divided into 112,734 ''ban'' in total.~~ * Dobong-gu (도봉구; 道峰區) * Dongdaemun-gu (동대문구; 東大門區) * Dongjak-gu (동작구; 銅雀區) * Eunpyeong-gu (은평구; 恩平區) * Gangbuk-gu (강북구; 江北區) * Gangdong-gu (강동구; 江東區) * Gangnam-gu (강남구; 江南區) * Gangseo-gu (강서구; 江西區) * Geumcheon-gu (금천구; 衿川區) * Guro-gu (구로구; 九老區) * Gwanak-gu (관악구; 冠岳區) * Gwangjin-gu (광진구; 廣津區) * Jongno-gu (종로구; 鍾路區) * Jung-gu (중구; 中區) * Jungnang-gu (중랑구; 中浪區) * Mapo-gu (마포구; 麻浦區) * Nowon-gu (노원구; 蘆原區) * Seocho-gu (서초구; 瑞草區) * Seodaemun-gu (서대문구; 西大門區) * Seongbuk-gu (성북구; 城北區) * Seongdong-gu (성동구; 城東區) * Songpa-gu (송파구; 松坡區) * Yangcheon-gu (양천구; 陽川區) * Yeongdeungpo-gu (영등포구; 永登浦區) * Yongsan-gu (용산구; 龍山區) ~~== Historic sites and tourism ==~~ ~~[[Image:Korea_south_seoul_deoksugung_palace.jpg\|thumb\|Deoksugung Palace]]~~ ~~The [[Joseon Dynasty]] built the "Five Grand Palaces" in Seoul, namely:~~ * [[Changdeokgung]] (창덕궁; 昌德宮) * [[Changgyeonggung]] (창경궁; 昌慶宮) * [[Deoksugung]] (덕수궁; 德壽宮) * [[Gyeongbokgung]] (경복궁; 景福宮) * [[Gyeonghuigung]] (경희궁; 慶熙宮) ~~There is also a minor palace:~~ * [[Unhyeongung]] (운현궁; 雲峴宮) ~~Temples and shrines:~~ * [[Jongmyo]] * [[Dongmyo]] * [[Munmyo]] * [[Jogyesa]] ~~Museums and galleries:~~ * [[National Folk Museum]] * [[War Memorial]] ~~Outside the metropolitan area:~~ * [[Samjeondo Monument]] * [[Namhansanseong]] * [[Bukhansanseong]] * [[Namsan Park]] ~~== Higher Education ==~~ ~~[[Image:Large_Seoul_Landsat.jpg\|thumb\|Satellite image of Seoul]]~~ There is a large number of [[university\|universities]] in Seoul. [[Seoul National University]] is considered the country's most prestigious university and is highly sought after. The other universities of the city are: [[Yonsei University]], [[Sung Kyun Kwan University]], [[King Sejong University]] (named after [[King Sejong the Great of Joseon]]), [[Korean National University of Physical Education]], [[Korean National University of Arts]], [[Korea University]], [[Chungang University]], [[Chugye University for the Arts]], [[Dankuk University]], [[Dongduk University]], [[Dongduk Women's University]], [[Duksung Women's University]], [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]], [[Hansung University]], [[Hanyang University]], [[Hanyang Women's University]], [[Hong-ik University]], [[Induk University]], [[Konkuk University]], [[Kookmin University]], [[Kang-woon University]], [[Kyunggi University]], [[Kyunghee University]], [[Myongji University]], [[Sahmyook University]], [[Sangmyung University]], [[Seogyeong University]], [[Seoul University]], [[Seoul Women's University]], [[Sogang University]], [[Songshin Women's University]], [[Sookmyung Women's University]], [[Soongsil University]] ~~==Airports==~~ ~~There are two [[airport]]s that serve Seoul.~~ ~~[[Gimpo Airport]] in [[Gimpo]] was the only and main airport for Seoul from its original construction during the [[Korean War]]. It also served as the country’s gateway to the world.~~ Upon completion in [[2001]] [[Incheon International Airport]] in [[Incheon]] has changed the role of Gimpo Airport significantly. Incheon now is responsible for almost all international flights, while Gimpo serves mostly domestic flights. This has lead to a significant drop in flights from Gimpo Airport. ~~==See also==~~ * [[List of Korea-related topics]] ~~== External links ==~~ * [http://www.korea.net/ Korea.net] by Korean Overseas Information Service * [http://www.seoulnow.net/ Seoul Now] * [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ Seoul Metropolitan Government] * [http://english.tour2korea.com/sightseeing/destination/seoul/city_seoul.asp Highlights of Seoul]: by Korean National Tourism Organization ~~{{South Korea}}~~ ~~[[Category:World cities]]~~ ~~[[Category:South Korea]]~~ ~~[[de:Seoul]]~~ ~~[[nl:Seoel]]~~ ~~[[eo:Seulo]]~~ ~~[[es:Seúl]]~~ ~~[[et:Seoul]]~~ ~~[[fi:Seoul]]~~ ~~[[fr:Séoul]]~~ ~~[[ja:ソウル特別市]]~~ ~~[[ko:서울]]~~ ~~[[ro:Seul]]~~ ~~[[zh-cn:汉城]]~~ ~~[[zh-tw:漢城]]~~

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