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{{Bio
|Nome = Alexander Aleksandre▼|Titolo =
|Cognome = ChavchavadzeCh'avch'avadze▼|PostCognome = ({{georgiano|ალექსანდრე ჭავჭავაძე}} ; anche [[lingua italiana|italianizzato]] in: '''''Alessandro Ciavciavadze''''', o '''''Čavčavadze'''''; {{russo|Александр Чавчавадзе}}, traslitterato'''''Aleksandr Čavčavadze'''''; in [[lingua inglese|inglese]] e internazionalmente: ''' Aleksandr_Čavčavadze''Alexander Chavchavadze''''') ▼▲|PostCognome = ({{georgiano|ალექსანდრე ჭავჭავაძე}}; {{russo|Александр Чавчавадзе}}, traslitterato in '''Aleksandr_Čavčavadze''')
|ForzaOrdinamento =
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = San Pietroburgo
|AnnoNascita = 1786
|LuogoMorte =
|LuogoMorteLink =
|GiornoMeseMorte = 6 novembre
|AnnoMorte = 1846
|Epoca = 1800
|Attività = poeta
|Attività2 = generale
|Nazionalità = georgiano
|PostNazionalità =
|Immagine = Chavchavadze 31-155 s.jpg
|Didascalia =
|FineIncipit =
|Categorie =
}}
Considerato il "padre del [[romanticismo]] georgiano", fu anche un famoso aristocratico ed un generale al servizio dell'[[impero russo]].
==Early lifeGioventù ==
Aleksandre Ch'avch'avadze era membro della [[Ch'avch'avadze|nobile famiglia]] elevata al rango di [[principe]] dal re georgiano [[Costantino II di Cachezia]] nel 1726. La famiglia era originaria di [[Khevsureti]], ma si era legata tramite matrimonio ad altre nobili famiglie georgiane.
Alexander Chavchavadze was a member of the [[Chavchavadze|noble family]] elevated to the princely rank by the Georgian king [[Constantine II of Kakheti|Constantine II]] of [[Kakhetia]] in 1726. The family was of [[Khevsur]] origin but had intermarried with other Georgian military and noble families.
HeAlexander wasnacque born innel 1786, ina [[StSan PetersburgPietroburgo]], [[Russia]], wheredove hisil father, Princepadre [[Garsevan ChavchavadzeCh'avch'avadze]], servedera asambasciatore an ambassador ofdi [[HeracliusEraclio II ofdi Georgia|HeracliusEraclio II]], re di [[Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti|king of Kartli and -Kakheti]] in [[eastern Georgia orientale]]. La [[TsarinaZarina]] [[CatherineCaterina II ofdi Russia]] becamefu amadrina godmotherdi atbattesimo thedel baptism of infantgiovane Alexander, showing her benevolence to the Georgian diplomat.<ref name="Kveselava">Kveselava, M (2002), ''Anthology of Georgian Poetry'', The Minerva Group, Inc., ISBN 0-89875-672-3, p. 181</ref>
Alexander’sLa earlyprima educationeducazione wasdi RussianAlexander fu russa. HeVide firstper sawla hisprima nativevolta Georgiala atnativa theGeorgia ageall'età ofdi 13 anni, whenquando thela familyfamiglia movedfece backritorno toa [[TiflisTbilisi]] afterdopo thel'annessione Russianrussa annexation of easterndella Georgia orientale (1801). AgedAll'età di 18, Alexanderanni Aleksandre Ch'avch'avadze si Chavchavadzeunì joinedal Princeprincipe [[Parnaoz, sonfigio ofdi HeracliusEraclio II ofdi Georgia|Parnaoz]], themembro memberdell'ormai of the dispossesseddecaduta [[Dinastia Bagrationi Dynasty|royalfamiglia familyreale]], innella theribellione 1804che rebellionnel in1804 thescoppiò mountainoussulle Georgianmontagne provincegeorgiane ofdello [[Mtiuleti]], againstnel Russiantentativo rule.di Followingcacciare thegli suppressioninvasori ofrussi. theDopo uprising,la hesoppressione wasdella brieflyrivolta putfu inper prisonbreve wheretempo heimprigionato, composede hisqui firstcompose literaryle works,sue includingprime theopere firstletterarie, radicalcompreso civicil poemprimo poema radicale in Georgiangeorgiano, ''WoeGuai a toquesto Thismondo Worlded andai Itssuoi Tenantsabitanti'' (ვაჰ, სოფელსა ამას და მისთა მდგმურთა). TheIl poempoema quicklydivenne gainedpopolare popularityin poco tempo, ande broughtvalse toal itssuo younggiovane authorautore auna remarkablenotevole fame,fama. I hissuoi manuscriptsmanoscritti widelycircolarono circulatingrapidamente, hise lyricsle ofsue loveliriche ord'amore protesto protesta, inscritte thecon spiritlo ofspirito thedel 18th-centurypoeta Georgiangeorgiano poetdel XVIII secolo [[Besiki]] or of theo dell'[[FranceIlluminismo|Frenchilluminista]] francese [[French Enlightenment|enlightener]] [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], sungfurono cantate in Tiflistutta andTblisi elsewheree innel resto della Georgia.
[[File:Prince a g chavchavadze.jpg|thumb|Prince Alexander Chavchavadze in [[hussar]] uniform.]] ▼Following a year’s exile in [[Tambov]], Chavchavadze reconciled with the new regime and entered a hussar regiment. Ironically, he fought in the Russian ranks under [[Fellippe Paulucci|Marquis Paulucci]] when the next anti-Russian rebellion broke out in 1812 in Kakheti. In the same year, he married a Georgian princess Salome Orbeliani of the prominent noble family with family ties with the Bagrationi royal line.
▲[[File:Prince a g chavchavadze.jpg|thumb| PrincePrincipe AlexanderAleksandre ChavchavadzeCh'avch'avadze in uniforme [[ hussarUssari|ussara]] uniform.]]
During the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] (1813-4) against [[Napoleon I of France]], he served as an [[aide-de-camp]] to the Russian commander [[Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly|Barclay de Tolly]] and was wounded in leg at the [[Battle of Paris (1814)|Battle of Paris]] on March 31, 1814. As an officer in the Russian expeditionary forces, he stayed in Paris for two years and the [[Bourbon Restoration|restored]] [[Bourbon dynasty]] awarded his service with a [[Légion d'honneur]]. Open to new ideas, in particular to the early French Romanticism, he was impressed by [[Lamartine]] and [[Victor Hugo]], as well as [[Jean Racine|Racine]] and [[Pierre Corneille|Corneille]], who entered Georgian literature through Chavchavadze.
Dopo un anno di esilio passato a [[Tambov]], Ch'avch'avadze si riconciliò col nuovo regime e si arruolò in un reggimento di Ussari. Ironicamente, combatté con la divisa russa guidato da [[Filippo Paulucci]] quando nel 1812 scoppiò una nuova rivolta anti-russa in Cachezia. Quello stesso anno sposò la principessa georgiana Salome Orbeliani, discendente della dinastia Bagrationi.
==Military and political career==
In 1817, Prince Chavchavadze became a colonel of the Russian army. Promoted to [[Major General]] in 1826, his military career reached remarkable achievement during the Russian wars against the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] empires in the late 1820s. He was instrumental in the conquest of [[Yerevan|Iravan]] from Persia in 1827<ref name="Allen">[[WED Allen|Allen, WED]] (1971), ''A History of the Georgian people: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century'', [[New York]]: [[Barnes and Noble]], p. 234.</ref> and was appointed, in 1828, a military governor of the Armenian Military District. During the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829|1828-9 Russo-Turkish war]], with a small detachment, he organized a successful defense of the Yerevan province against the marauding [[Kurds]] and surged into [[Anatolia]], taking control of the whole [[pasha]]te of [[Doğubeyazıt|Bajazet]] from the Turkish forces from August 25 to September 9, 1828.<ref name="Blanch">Blanch, L (1995), ''Sabres of Paradise'', Carroll & Graf Publishers, ISBN 0-88184-042-4 , p 54.</ref> In 1829, he was dispatched as an administrator of the military board of Kakheti, where his patrimonial estates were located.
Nel corso della guerra della [[sesta coalizione]] (1813-1814) contro [[Napoleone Bonaparte]] fu [[aiutante di campo]] del comandante russo [[Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly|Barclay de Tolly]], e fu ferito alla gamba nella [[battaglia di Parigi]] del 31 marzo 1814. Ufficiale nelle forze russe, rimase a Parigi due anni, e la [[Restaurazione francese|restaurata]] [[dinastia Borbone]] gli concesse la [[Legion d'onore]]. Aperto a nuove idee, in particolare a quelle del primo romanticismo francese, fu colpito da [[Alphonse de Lamartine]] e [[Victor Hugo]], così come da [[Jean Racine]] e [[Pierre Corneille]], che conobbero la letteratura georgiana grazie a Ch'avch'avadze.
Back in Georgia, Alexander enjoyed overwhelming popularity among the Georgian nobility and people. He was highly respected by his fellow Russian and Georgian officers. At the same time, he remained Georgia’s most refined, educated and wealthy 19th-century aristocrat, fluent in several [[Europe]]an and [[Asia]]tic languages and with extensive friendly ties with the cream of Georgian and Russian society who frequented his famous salon in Tiflis. The prominent Russian diplomat and playwright [[Alexander Griboyedov]] married his 16-year-old daughter [[Nino Chavchavadze|Nino]], whom the famous Russian poet had tutored in music during his brief stay in Tiflis. Another daughter, [[Ekaterine Dadiani|Catherine]], married [[David Dadiani]], prince of [[Mingrelia]], and inspired in [[Nikoloz Baratashvili|Nicholas Baratashvili]] the hopeless love that made him the greatest poet of Georgian Romanticism.
== Carriera militare e politica ==
At his [[Italianate]] summer mansion in [[Tsinandali]], Kakheti, he frequently entertained foreign guests with music, wit, and – most especially – the fine vintages made at his estate [[winery]] (''[[marani]]''). Familiar with European ways, Chavchavadze built Georgia’s oldest and largest winery where he combined European and centuries-long Georgian winemaking traditions. The highly regarded dry white ''[[Tsinandali wine|Tsinandali]]'' is still produced there.<ref>Goldstein, D (1999), ''The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia'', [[University of California Press]], ISBN 0-520-21929-5, p. 53.</ref> According to his acquaintance, [[Juan Van Halen]], Chavchavadze, "a Georgian prince, educated in Europe,... though serving in our regiment with the rank of colonel, had succeeded, without neglecting his military duties, in improving his valuable inheritance in such a manner that few Georgian nobles can cope with him in wealth."<ref>{{cite book|last=Van Halen|first=Don Juan|authorlink=Juan Van Halen|title=Narrative of Don Juan Van Halen's Imprisonment in the Dungeons of the Inquisition at Madrid: And His Escape in 1817 and 1818|publisher=J & J Harper|___location=New York|page=269|url=http://books.google.ge/books?id=JxM2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA269&dq=kahetia+1812&hl=en&ei=CbhOTZqRC4iYOoGTkR8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kahetia%201812&f=false}}</ref> ▼Nel 1817 il principe Ch'avch'avadze divenne colonnello dell'esercito russo. Promosso [[maggior generale]] nel 1826, la sua carriera militare ottenne numerosi riconoscimenti nel corso delle guerre contro [[Impero persiano|Persiani]] e [[Impero ottomano|Ottomani]] alla fine degli anni 1820. Partecipò alla conquista di [[Erevan]] dalla Persia nel 1827<ref name="Allen">Allen, WED (1971), ''A History of the Georgian people: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century'', [[New York]]: [[Barnes & Noble]], p. 234.</ref> e fu nominato, nel 1828, governatore militare del distretto militare armeno. Durante la [[guerra russo-turca (1828-1829)]], con un piccolo distaccamento, organizzò una vittoriosa difesa della provincia di Erevan dai [[Curdi]] ed entrò in [[Anatolia]], rubando ai Turchi il controllo dell'intero [[pascià]]to di [[Doğubeyazıt|Bajazet]] dal 25 agosto al 9 settembre 1828.<ref name="Blanch">Blanch, L (1995), ''Sabres of Paradise'', Carroll & Graf Publishers, ISBN 0-88184-042-4 , p 54.</ref> Nel 1829 fu nominato amministratore della base militare della Cachezia.
Tornato in Georgia, Alexander godette di un'ampia popolarità tra la popolazione e la nobiltà georgiana. Fu uno dei più raffinati, istruiti e ricchi aristocratici del XIX secolo, sapendo parlare fluentemente numerose lingue europee ed asiatiche. Il famoso diplomatico e drammaturgo russo [[Aleksandr Sergeevič Griboedov|Alexander Griboyedov]] ne sposò la figlia sedicenne [[Nino Ch'avch'avadze|Nino]]. Un'altra figlia, [[Ek'at'erine Ch'avch'avadze|Ek'at'erine]], sposò [[David Dadiani]], principe di [[Mingrelia]], ed ispirò in [[Nikoloz Baratashvili]] l'amore senza speranza che lo rese il più grande poeta del romanticismo georgiano.
[[File:Salome chavchavadze.jpg|thumb|left|Alexander Chavchavadze's wife Salome, née Orbeliani]] ▼
▲AtNella hissua [[Italianate]]casa summerestiva mansion indi [[ TsinandaliTs'inandali]] , Kakheti,intrattenne hespesso frequentlyospiti entertainedstranieri foreigncon guestsmusica, withbrio musice, wit,soprattutto andil –vino mostprodotto especiallynella – the fine vintages made at his estatesua [[ winerycasa vinicola]] ('' [[marani ]]''). FamiliarConoscendo withi Europeanmetodi ways,di Chavchavadzeimbottigliamento builteuropei, Georgia’sCh'avch'avadze oldestcreò andla largestpiù wineryantica wheree hegrande combinedcasa Europeanvinicola and centuries-long Georgian winemaking traditionsgeorgiana. TheIl highlyricercato regarded dry whitevino '' [[Tsinandali wine|Tsinandali]]Ts'inandali'' , un isbianco secco, stillè producedtuttora thereprodotto.<ref>Goldstein, D (1999), ''The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia'', [[University of California Press]], ISBN 0-520-21929-5, p. 53.</ref> AccordingSecondo to his acquaintance,l'amico [[Juan Van Halen]], Chavchavadze,Ch'avch'avadze era " aun Georgianprincipe princegeorgiano, educatededucato in EuropeEuropa,... thoughche servingnonostante inavesse ourservito regimentnel withnostro thereggimento rankcon ofil colonel,grado haddi succeededcolonnello, withoutriuscì, neglectingsenza hissminuire militaryle duties,sue inqualità improvingmilitari, hisad valuableaumentare inheritanceil insuo suchpatrimonio apersonale mannertanto thatche fewpochi Georgiannobili noblesgeorgiani canpotevano copecompetere withcon himla insua wealthricchezza". "<ref>{{ citeCita booklibro| lastcognome=Van Halen| firstnome=Don Juan| authorlinkwkautore=Juan Van Halen| titletitolo=Narrative of Don Juan Van Halen's Imprisonment in the Dungeons of the Inquisition at Madrid: And His Escape in 1817 and 1818| publishereditore=J & J Harper| ___locationcittà=New York| pagep=269|url=http://books.google.ge/books?id=JxM2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA269&dq=kahetia+1812&hl=en&ei=CbhOTZqRC4iYOoGTkR8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kahetia%201812&f=false}}</ref>
Despite his loyal service to the Russian crown, Chavchavadze’s nostalgia for Georgia’s lost independence, monarchy, and the autocephalous [[Georgian Orthodox Church|church]] once again pushed him into rebellion, joining the 1832 conspiracy aimed at organizing a large-scale uprising against the Russian hegemony. The failed coup plot turned a disaster for the Georgian literature: most of his poetry written between 1820 and 1832, inspired by the pathetic Romanticism and egalitarianism, was burned by the author as possible evidence against him. He was sentenced to the five-year exile to Tambov, but the [[tsar]], who needed his talents amid the ongoing [[Caucasian War]], forgave him, however. Chavchavadze eagerly joined the expedition against the rebellious mountaineers of [[North Caucasus]]. Like his many fellow Georgian nobles, he found a good opportunity to take revenge for the [[Lekianoba|permanent marauds]] organized by the mountaineers of [[North Caucasus]] on the Georgian marches in the past.
▲[[File:Salome chavchavadze.jpg|thumb|left| AlexanderLa Chavchavadze'smoglie wifedi SalomeAleksandre Ch'avch'avadze, néeSalome Orbeliani]]
Nonostgante il leale servizio alla corona russa, la nostalgia provata da Ch'avch'avadze per l'indipendenza georgiana, la monarchia, e la [[Chiesa apostolica autocefala ortodossa georgiana|chiesa]] lo spinsero ad una nuova ribellione, tanto che si unì alla cospirazione che nel 1832 scoppiò contro l'egemonia russa. Il colpo di Stato fu disastroso per la letteratura georgiana: molte delle poesie scritte tra il 1820 ed il 1832, ispirate dal romanticismo e dalla ricerca dell'uguaglianza, furono bruciate dagli stessi autori in quanto prove che potevano essere usate contro di loro. Fu condannato ad un esilio di cinque anni a Tambov, ma lo [[zar]], che aveva bisogno delle sue qualità nella [[guerra caucasica]], lo perdonò. Ch'avch'avadze si unì con piacere alla spedizione condotta contro i ribelli montani della [[Ciscaucasia]]. Come molti altri nobili georgiani, approfittò della guerra per vendicarsi dei [[Lekianoba|costanti saccheggi]] perpetrati in passato dai ciscaucasici in Georgia.
He was promoted [[lieutenant general]] in 1841, and continued his service in the [[Caucasus]], briefly as head of the civil administration of the region from 1842 to 1843. In 1843, he fought his last war, commanding a successful [[punitive expedition]] against the rebellious [[Dagestan]]i tribes. Later, he was appointed a member of the Council of the Chief Administration of [[Transcaucasus]].
Divenne [[tenente generale]] nel 1841, e continuò a servire l'esercito nel [[Caucaso]], per breve tempo a capo dell'amministrazione civile della regione dal 1842 al 1843. Nel 1843 combatté la sua ultima guerra, comandando con successo una [[spedizione punitiva]] contro le tribù ribelli del [[Daghestan]]. In seguito entrò a far parte del Consiglio di amministrazione della [[Transcaucasia]].
In 1846, Alexander Chavchavadze fell a victim to an accident,<ref name="Kveselava"/> under somewhat mysterious circumstances: while going back to his palace in Tsinandali at night, somebody from the near woods approached and splashed hot water while he was galloping on his horse. He lost the control of the horse and crashed into the ditch nearby. He died from severe head injuries on the spot. Although the tragedy was most likely an accident, it has been rumored that he was killed by Russian assassins. He was buried at the [[Shuamta Monastery]] in Kakheti, Georgia.
Nel 1846 Aleksandre Ch'avch'avadze fu vittima di un incidente,<ref name="Kveselava"/> avvenuto in circostanze misteriose: tornando una notte al suo palazzo di Ts'inandali, qualcuno uscì dal bosco e gli lanciò un secchio di acqua bollente mentre era al galoppo. Perse il controllo del cavallo e finì nel vicino fossato. Morì a causa delle gravi ferite riportate. Nonostante la tragedia fosse probabilmente un incidente, si disse che era stato ucciso da assassini russi. Fu sepolto presso il [[monastero Shuamta]] di Kakheti, in Georgia.
Chavchavadze was survived by a son, David, who was also Lt Gen in the Russian service during the Caucasus Wars, and three daughters, Nino, Catherine, and Sophia.
Ch'avch'avadze lasciò un figlio, David, che seguì le orme del padre diventando tenente generale dell'esercito russo e partecipò alla guerra del Caucaso, e tre figlie, Nino, Ek'at'erine e Sofia.
==Writings==
[[File:Tsinandali Museum.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Alexander Chavchavadze's house]]
Chavchavadze’s influence over Georgian literature was immense. He moved the Georgian poetic language closer to the vernacular, combining the elements of the formal wealth and somewhat artificial antiquated "high" style inherited from the 18th-century Georgian [[Renaissance]] literature, melody of Persian lyrical poetry, particularly [[Hafez|Hafiz]] and [[Saadi (poet)|Saadi]], [[bohemian]] language of the streets of Tiflis and the moods and themes of European Romanticism. The subject of his works varied from purely [[anacreon]]tic in his early period to deeply philosophic in his maturity.
Chavchavadze’s contradictory career – his participation in the struggle against the Russian control of Georgia, on one hand, and the loyal service to the tsar, including the suppression of Georgian peasant revolts, on the other hand – found a noticeable reflection in his writings. The year 1832, when the Georgian plot collapsed, divides his work into two principal periods. Prior to that event, his poetry was mostly impregnated with laments for the former grandeur of Georgia, the loss of national independence and his personal grievances connected with it; his native country under the Russian empire seemed to him a prison, and he pictured its present state in extremely gloomy colors. The death of his beloved friend and son-in-law, Griboyedov, also contributed to the depressive character of his writings of that time.
[[File:Tsinandali-04-Palast-2019-gje.jpg|left|upright=1.4|thumb|Casa di Aleksandre Ch'avch'avadze]]
L'influenza di Ch'avch'avadze sulla letteratura georgiana è stata immensa. Ne avvicinò il linguaggio poetico a quello vernacolare, combinando elementi del formalmente ricco e in qualche modo artificiale "alto stile" ereditato dalla letteratura rinascimentale georgiana del XVIII secolo, la melodia della lirica poetica persiana, in particolare [[Hafez]] e [[Saˁdi]], il linguaggio [[boemia|boemo]] delle strade di Tblisi e la cultura del romanticismo europeo. Il soggetto delle sue opere variò passando dal primo [[Anacreonte|anacreontico]] alla profonda filosofia della sua maturità.
[[File:Alexander Chavchavadze residence.jpg|thumb|250px|A corner of Chavchavadze's residence in Tsinandali where the still functioning famous winery serves today as a major tourist attraction in Kakheti.]]
La contraddittoria carriera di Ch'avch'avadze, la sua partecipazione alla lotta contro il giogo russo da una parte e la lealtà verso lo zar dall'altra, compresa la repressione delle rivolte georgiane, ebbe molta influenza sulle sue opere. L'anno 1832, quando fallì il complotto georgiano, segnò la linea di divisione tra i due principali periodi delle sue opere. In precedenza la sua poesia era soprattutto pregna di elogi per l'antico potere della Georgia, la perdita dell'indipendenza nazionale ed il suo legame con questo. La sua nazione sotto il controllo russo gli sembrava una prigione, e la rappresentò con colori cupi. Anche la morte del suo grande amico e genero Griboyedov contribuì al carattere depresso dei suoi scritti di quel periodo.
In his [[Romanticism|Romantic]] poems, Chavchavadze dreamed of Georgia's glorious past, when "the breeze of life past" would "breathe sweetness" into his "dry soul." In poems ''Woe, time, time'' (ვაჰ, დრონი, დრონი), ''Listen, listener'' (ისმინეთ მსმენნო), and ''Caucasia'' (კავკასია), the "[[Golden Age]]" of medieval Georgia was contrasted with its unremarkable present.<ref>Suny, RG (1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition'', [[Indiana University Press]], ISBN 0-253-20915-3, p. 124</ref> As a social activist, however, he remained mostly a "cultural nationalist," defender of the native language, and an advocate of the interest of Georgian aristocratic and intellectual elites. ▼[[File:Alexander Chavchavadze residence.jpg|thumb|Angolo della residenza di Ch'avch'avadze a Ts'inandali, dove ancora opera l'azienda vinicola]]
In his letters, Alexander heavily criticized Russian treatment of Georgian national culture and even compared it with the pillaging by Ottomans and Persians who had invaded Georgia in the past.<ref name="Blanch"/> In one of the letters he states: ''The damage which Russia has inflicted on our nation is disastrous. Even Persians and Turks could not abolish our Monarchy and deprive us of our statehood. We have exchanged one serpent for another''.<ref name="Allen"/>
▲InNei hissuoi poemi [[ RomanticismRomanticismo| Romanticromantici]] poems, Chavchavadze dreamed of GeorgiaCh' savch'avadze gloriouslodava past,il whenglorioso "thepassato breezedella of life past" would "breathe sweetness" into his "dry soulGeorgia. " InNelle poemsopere '' WoeGuai, timetempo, timetempo'' (ვაჰ, დრონი, დრონი), '' ListenAscolta, listenerascoltatore'' (ისმინეთ მსმენნო) , ande ''Caucasia'' (კავკასია), the "l'[[ Goldenetà Agedell'oro]] " of medievaldella Georgia wasmedievale contrastedcontrastava withcon itsil unremarkable presentpresente.<ref>Suny, RG (1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition'', [[Indiana University Press]], ISBN 0-253-20915-3, p. 124</ref> AsDa aattivista socialsociale activist,rimase however,soprattutto he remained mostly aun " culturalnazionalista nationalist,culturale" defender of the native language, and an advocate of the interest of Georgiane aristocraticdifensore anddella intellectuallingua elitesnativa.
After 1832, his perception of the national problems became different. The poet unambiguously pointed out those positive results which had been brought about by the Russian annexation, though the liberation of his native land remained to be his most cherished dream.<ref>Gamezardashvili, DM (2001), ''Georgian Literature'', The Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 0-89875-570-0, p. 50</ref> Later his poetry became less romantic, even sentimental, but he never abandoned his optimistic steak that makes his writings so different from those of his predecessors. Some of the most original of his late poems are, ''Oh, my dream, why have you appealed to me again'' (ეჰა, ჩემო ოცნებავ, კვლავ რად წარმომედგინე), and ''The Ploughman'' (გუთნის დედა) written in the 1840s. The former, a rather sad poem, surprisingly ends with hope for the future in contemplation of the poet. The latter combines Chavchavadze’s elegy for his past years of youth with calm humorous farewell to lost sex-life and potency.<ref>Rayfield, D (2000), ''The Literature of Georgia: A History'', Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-7007-1163-5, p. 148</ref>
Nelle sue lettere Alexander criticò duramente il trattamento russo della cultura nazionale georgiana, paragonandolo ai saccheggi operati da [[Impero ottomano|Ottomani]] e [[Persiani]] quando avevano invaso la Georgia.<ref name="Blanch"/> In una delle lettere afferma: ''il danno inflitto dalla Russia alla nostra nazione è disastroso. Anche Persiani e Turchi non abolirono la nostra monarchia privandoci del senso dello Stato. Abbiamo scambiato un serpente per un altro.''<ref name="Allen"/>
Chavchavadze also composed a historic work, "The Short sketches of the history of Georgia from 1801 to 1831."
Dopo il 1832 la sua percezione dei problemi nazionali mutò. Il poeta sottolineò i risultati positivi ottenuti grazie all'annessione alla Russia, anche se la liberazione della sua patria rimase un suo sogno.<ref>Gamezardashvili, DM (2001), ''Georgian Literature'', The Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 0-89875-570-0, p. 50</ref> In seguito la sua poesia divenne meno romantica e sentimentale, ma non abbandonò mai l'ottimismo che rese le sue opere tanto diverse da quelle dei predecessori. Alcuni dei poemi più innovativi scritti in questo periodo furono ''Oh, mio sogno, perché mi hai chiamato di nuovo?'' (ეჰა, ჩემო ოცნებავ, კვლავ რად წარმომედგინე) e ''L'aratore'' (გუთნის დედა) scritti negli anni 1840. Il primo dei due, un poema piuttosto triste, termina a sorpresa con la speranza nel futuro. Il secondo combina le elegie di Ch'avch'avadze per il passato della sua gioventù con il calmo addio alla perduta vita sessuale ed alla potenza.<ref>Rayfield, D (2000), ''The Literature of Georgia: A History'', Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-7007-1163-5, p. 148</ref>
==Honours and awards==
* [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]], 1st Class
* [[Order of Vladimir]], 2nd Class
* [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]]
* [[Legion of Honour]] (France) ▼
Ch'avch'avadze scrisse anche un'opera storica, "Storie brevi della storia georgiana dal 1801 al 1831".
* [[Chavchavadze]], Georgian surname
==References Onorificenze ==
* [[Ordine di Sant'Anna]], 1ª Classe
{{Reflist}}
* [[Ordine di San Vladimiro]], 2ª Classe
* [[Ordine dell'Aquila Bianca]]
▲* [[Legion of Honourd'onore]] ( FranceFrancia)
==External linksNote ==
<references/>
*{{Ru icon}} Марков, Александр (Международная Лермонтовская Ассоциация, 2006). [http://ricolor.org/europe/gruziya/gr/cul/chavchavadze/ Грузинский князь Александр Чавчавадзе] ▼
== Altri progetti ==
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== Collegamenti esterni ==
{{Portale|guerre napoleoniche|Russia}} ▼* {{Collegamenti esterni}}
▲* {{Ru icon}} Марков, Александр (Международная Лермонтовская Ассоциация, 2006). [http://ricolor.org/europe/gruziya/gr/cul/chavchavadze/ Грузинский князь Александр Чавчавадзе]
▲{{controllo di autorità |VIAF=2348695}}
▲{{Portale |biografie|guerre napoleoniche| Russialetteratura}}
[[Categoria:Poeti romantici]]
[[Categoria:PersonalitàMilitari legate alledelle guerre napoleoniche]]
[[Categoria:Decorati con la Legion d'Onoreonore]]
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