Trans fat regulation and Pawan Kalyan: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox actor

A '''''trans''''' '''fatty acid''' (commonly shortened to '''''trans''''' '''fat''') is an [[saturation (chemistry)|unsaturated]] [[fatty acid]] whose [[molecule]]s contain ''[[trans]]'' [[double bond]]s between [[carbon]] atoms, which makes the molecules less kinked compared with those of '[[cis|cis fat]]'. Research suggests a correlation between diets high in ''trans'' fats and diseases like [[atherosclerosis]] and [[coronary heart disease]]. The [[National Academy of Sciences]] recommended in 2002 that dietary intake of ''trans'' fatty acids be minimized.

| name =Pawan Kalyan

| image =

|image size =220

| caption = Pawan Kalyan

| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1971|9|2}}

| ___location = {{flagicon|India}} [[Mogalthur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]

| height = 5'10''

| deathplace =

| birthname = Konidala Kalyan

| othername =Pawan Kalyan, "Power Star" Pawan Kalyan, Pavan Kalyan

| homepage =

| notable role = Balu in Toliprema, Subash in Thammudu, Badri in Badri, Siddartha Roy in Kushi.

| spouse = [[Renu Desai]]

| children = Akira Nandan

}}

'''Pawan Kalyan''' (born [[September 2]], [[1971]] is a [[Popular culture|popular]] [[India]]n film star and director in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is fondly called Power Star by his fans. His birth name is Konidala Kalyan.He is younger brother to popular Telugu Actor [[Chiranjeevi]] and Naga Babu.

==''Trans'' fatsEarly in foodcareer ==

Pawan Kalyan entered Telugu movie industry with the movie [[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]] as Kalyan Babu. This film did not do well at the box office. However, he was noticed for his [[Martial Arts]].

== Career ==

Though some ''trans'' fats are found naturally (in the milk and body fat of ruminants such as cows and sheep), the majority are formed during the manufacture of processed foods (see below for details). In unprocessed foods, most unsaturated bonds in fatty acids are in the ''[[cis]]'' configuration.

After his first movie, his second movie ''[[Gokulamlo Sita]]'' was an average flick but his next movies like ''[[Suswagatham]]'', ''[[Tholi Prema]]'', ''[[Thammudu]]'', ''[[Badri]]'', and ''[[Kushi (Telugu film)|Kushi]]'' went on to become hits which earned him a decent reputation. ''[[Kushi]]'' was a trend setter and was received well both commercially and critically.He even directed few song sequences and fight sequences in the Sensational Film [[Kushi]]. Also directed one fight sequence in the film [[Daddy]] for his brother Megastar [[Chiranjeevi]].

==Controversies==

''Trans'' fat from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils has displaced natural solid fats and liquid oils in many areas.

1) Pawan Kalyan was rumoured to have threatened former TDP MLA Paritala Ravindra over some land grabbing rights. It was a fact that Paritala Ravindra illegally grabbed Chiranjeevi's land in Jubilee Hills and had to be warned.It was also falsely rumoured that Paritala Ravi who was a factionist had Pawan Kalyan's head tonsured (Gundu (in Telugu)/Takla (in Hindi)) before sending him back to Hyderabad. As fate would have it, Paritala Ravindra was later killed brutally, a fitting end to a violent life. Andhra Pradesh is a better place without Paritala Ravindra.

Source: http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/topstory/pawan_paritala.html ;

http://www.idleburra.com/feeds/8632234486587833225/comments/default ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pk-dcprotest.html

http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/apr/22pawan.htm ;

http://infiya.blogspot.com/2007/08/pawan-kalyan-tollywood-actor-biography.html

== ==

Partial hydrogenation increases the shelf life and flavor stability of foods containing these fats. Partial hydrogenation also raises the melting point, producing a semi-solid material, which is much more desirable for use in baking than liquid oils. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are much less expensive than the fats originally favored by bakers, such as butter or lard. Because they are not derived from animals, there are fewer objections to their use.

2) He is supposedly involved in a bigamy case, currently under the Visakhapatnam District Court. As per sources, one lady Nandini filed a complaint under the section of 494 for bigamy with Vizag court on 22nd June that she is the first wife of Pawan Kalyan and Pawan Kalyan entered into second marriage with actress Renu Desai without her consent nor taking divorce from the first marriage. She also filed a petition with women's court seeking alimony amount 5 Lakhs per month for monthly maintainance. As per her complaint, she is married to Pawan Kalyan on May 17th, 1997 with the blessings of the elders. They seperated few years after that but Pawan Kalyan met her whenever he was in Vizag. Starting 2005, Nandini moved in with her parents and is now dependent on them. Pawan Kalyan married actress Renu Desai a few years ago. He shared screen with her in two films viz. Badri and Jhonny. The couple also have a son Akira.

Sources: http://www.totaltollywood.com/news/ttnews1436.html ;

http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/21/stories/2007092154600400.htm ;

http://mynation.wordpress.com/2007/07/07/i-have-not-married-pavan-kalyan-counters-renu-desai/ ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pawankalyan-vizagcourt.html

== ==

3) On 22 October, 2007, Kalyan told the media he decided to 'surrender' his licensed weapon to the police. "I don't need (it) any more as there is no threat to my life now," he said. In connection with the elopement and marriage of Srija (Chiranjeevi's daughter), Pawan Kalyan said "I would like to assure her that no harm will come to her or the boy. I don't have any hired goondas (goons) or musclemen. I have come to surrender my revolver and its license to the police because I don't need this weapon now. We don't have hired goondas, we only have fans who love us and they don't resort such acts. Denying that he was an emotional and angry young man like his screen image, Pawan Kalyan said ''if he wanted he could have harmed Sirish because he had information that the couple was running away. But we don't want to harm them. If their love is true nobody can harm them.'' The statement obviously sounds ominous and people assume this as the rationale for Srija's elopement!

Source: http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/22chiru.htm ;

http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/004200710221641.htm

Power Star Pawan Kalyan announced Common man Protection Force (CMPF) to help the poor and helpless. He donated Rs.1.Crore from his personal savings for CMPF as corpus fund. He said "i am not angry,i am just emotional. I can't tolerate the injustice in this society. So i want to do some thing for the people... always. me and my friends are discussing about CMPF from many days. And we think this is the right time to announce it. I had 1000's of fans who love me. I am starting this to do good for the society, i am confident some other fans and like minded people will join hands with me. I am unhappy even now after earning so much Money, name & fame. I want to be happy by doing something to the people who are in need. I don't want to buy plots in different cities, agriculture lands and don't want to earn crores on them. I will do my best to my country and my people. And Mother Promise, i don't have any political intensions. Any one who needs help can contact CMPF on these numbers 98663 44833, 98663 44733. I stay at 32, nandagiri hills, Jubilee hills check post, Hyderabad. You can even visit me if you need some help. i will do my best to help you " -by Power Star Pawan Kalyan. Yes, We are with You.

In the US, [[snack food]]s, fried foods, baked goods, salad dressings, and other processed foods are likely to contain ''trans'' fats, as are vegetable shortenings and margarines. Laboratory analysis alone can determine the amount. Outside the US, trans fats have been largely phased out of retail margarines and shortenings. US food manufacturers are now also phasing out trans fats, but at present, most US [[margarine]]s still have more ''trans'' fat than butter. In the 1950s advocates said that the ''trans'' fats of margarine were healthier than the [[saturated fat]]s of butter, but this has been questioned. See the [[saturated fat]]s page for details.

[[Image:Trans_bond.png|right|frame|A ''trans'' configuration of hydrogen atoms]]

== Trivia ==

==Chemistry of ''trans'' fats==

*Pawan Kalyan is a [[Vegetarian]].

*He holds a Black Belt in [[Martial arts |Martial Arts]] and did real stunts for his movies - Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbai and [[Thammudu]].

''Trans'' fatty acids are made when manufacturers add [[hydrogen]] to [[vegetable oil]], in the presence of small amounts of [[catalyst]] metals such as [[nickel]], [[palladium]], [[platinum]] or [[cobalt]] -- in a process described as partial [[hydrogenation]]. If the hydrogenation process were allowed to go to completion, there would be no ''trans'' fatty acids left, but the resulting material would be too solid for practical use. A claimed exception to this is [[Kraft Foods]]' new ''trans'' fat free [[Crisco]] which contains the wax-like fully hydrogenated [[cottonseed oil]] blended with liquid vegetable oils to yield a shortening much like the previous Crisco which was made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. In a natural fatty acid, the hydrogen atoms usually form a [[double bond]] on the same side of the carbon chain. However, partial hydrogenation reconfigures most of the double bonds that do not become chemically saturated, so that the hydrogen atoms end up on different sides of the chain. This type of configuration is called ''trans'' (which means "across" in Latin). The structure of a ''trans'' unsaturated chemical bond is shown in the diagram.

*[[Renu Desai |Renu Desai]] is the Costume designer for most of his films.

*Pawan Kalyan was the first south indian actor to appear in an endorsement,for the soft drink [[PEPSI]] but now replaced by his nephew [[Allu Arjun]].

*He returned money back to the distributors for his film Johnny didnt do well at the Box Office.

*Apart from being an actor, he feels also as a Director, Screenplay writer, Choreographer, Stunt Master and a Playback singer.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/ "Pawan Kalyan Filmography"]</ref>

*Pawan enjoys doing cultivation and spends lot of time in his farm house doing gardening

*Ali is the best friend of pawan kalyan

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]] is a good friend of Pawan Kalyan and both expressed their interest to act in a film.

*Tamil sensational actor [[Vijay (actor) |Vijay]] is also a good friend and great fan of him.<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-01/17-03-06-vijay.html "Behind Woods: Vijay at Hyderabad: Telugu fans happy"]</ref>

*Tamil and Telugu actress [[Trisha Krishnan |Trisha]] in an interview said that, she had a crush on Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/may2007/trisha_love.php] "Trisha: I love Pawan Kalyan but don't know why"</ref>

*Telugu movie actress Nikita's favourite hero too is Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/nikita_profile.php "TeluguCinema.com:, Star Interviews: Nikita's Personal Profile]</ref>

*Telugu actresses Genelia and shriya are also big fans of pawankalyan.

*He has a good rapport with music director [[Ramana Gogula]] and the creative directors - [[Puri Jagannadh |Puri Jagannadh]] and [[A. Karunakaran |A. Karunakaran]].

Increasing the pressure at which an oil is hydrogenated reduces ''trans'' fat formation. Researchers at the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] applied 200 pounds per square inch (psi) of pressure to soybean oil in a 2-liter vessel while heating it to between 140&deg;C and 170&deg;C. In a standard 20 psi process of hydrogenation, the result is about 39.7 percent ''trans'' fat by weight compared to 16.6 to 17.9 percent using the high pressure method.

==Filmography==

Blended with pure soybean oil, the high pressure processed oil produced margarine containing 5 to 6 percent ''trans'' fat which could qualify for a label of zero grams of ''trans'' fat. (Eller, ''et al.'', 2005)

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1996

| ''[[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]]''

| Kalyan Kumar

| debut film,Average

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1997

| ''[[Gokulamlo Seetha]]''

| Pavan

| Play Boy

|-

|rowspan="2"| 1998

| ''[[Suswagatham]]''

| Ganesh

| Hit

|-

| ''[[Tholi Prema]]''

| Balu

| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholi_Prema]]; National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu<ref>[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|"National Film award for the best Telugu Feature Film"]]</ref> and State Golden Nandi award for the best feature film<ref>[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|"List of Nandi Award winners for the Best Feature Film]]</ref>

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1999

| ''[[Thammudu]]''

| Subrahmanyam / "Subbu" Subhash

| Kick Boxer,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2000

| ''[[Badri (2000 film)|Badri]]''

| Badri-Badrinath

| Fashion Designer and Ad director,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2001

| ''[[Khushi (Telugu film)|Khushi]]''

| "Sidhu" Sidhartha Roy

| Mega Blockbuster, Also provided stunts and choreographed a couple of songs[[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/]]

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2003

| ''[[Johnny (film)|Johnny]]''

| Johnny

| Flop

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2004

| ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]''

| Shankar / Kalyanji - Anandji

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Shankardada MBBS]]''

| Special appearance

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2005

| ''[[Balu ABCDEFG]]''

| Balu / Ghani

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2006

| ''[[Bangaram]]''

| Bangaram

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Annavaram]]''

| Annavaram

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2007

| ''[[Shankardada Zindabad]]''

| Suresh

| Played an important guest role.

|-

| ''[[Jalsa]]''

|

|pawan kalyan oadhi(dus)

|-

==Biochemistry of ''trans'' fats==

|

|

|-

|}

==See also==

Although synthetically created ''trans'' fatty acids have been a significant part of the human diet for just over 100 years, the biochemistry of ''trans'' fatty acids is poorly understood. Little is known about how ''trans'' fatty acids are incorporated into the developing fetal brain tissue, cell membranes, and arterial plaque. Some clinical studies suggest a possible association of ''trans'' fatty acids with [[obesity]], [[Metabolic_syndrome|metabolic syndrome]] and [[diabetes]]. It is unclear whether the naturally present ''trans'' fatty acids in beef, mutton and dairy products (created through fermentation processes in the stomach of [[ruminant]] animals) pose the same risks.

*[[Chiranjeevi]]

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]]

*[[Allu Arjun]]

*[[Bala Krishna]]

*[[Ram Charan Teja]]

*[[Tollywood]]

== References ==

Human metabolism requires some [[essential fatty acid]]s which are destroyed by the hydrogenation process. This may be a particular concern with [[omega-3 fatty acid]]s, which are thought to be in short supply in the typical Western diet.

<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

== External links ==

It should be noted that the destruction of some of the essential fatty acids is one of the intended goals of hydrogenation, since reducing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids which are at risk of oxidation creates shortening that is less likely to turn [[rancidity|rancid]]. For example, a typical [[candy bar]] might have a [[shelf life]] of 30 days without use of hydrogenated oils, while the same product with hydrogenated oils can last up to 18 months.

* {{imdb name|id=0436302|name=Pawan Kalyan}}

* [http://www.telugucinemastills.com/xclusives/akira/akiranandan.html Pawan Kalyan's Son: Akira Nandan Konidela]

* [http://www.pawankalyansatyagrahi.com/ Pawan Kalyan's Satyagrahi]

* [http://www.pawanfans.com Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.megafans.com Chiranjeevi - Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.cherryfans.com Mega Fansite]

* [http://www.commonmanprotectionforce.org - Common Man Protection Force]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalyan, Pawan}}

''Trans'' fat behaves like saturated fat by raising the level of [[low-density lipoprotein]] in the blood (LDL or "bad [[cholesterol]]") which increases the risk of [[coronary heart disease]] (CHD). It has the additional effect of decreasing levels of [[High density lipoprotein|HDL]], the "good" lipoprotein which helps remove cholesterol from arteries.

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:1973 births]]

The majority of clinical research reports have suggested that ''trans'' fats may be worse for the body than saturated fats; in fact, the 2002 summary statement by the Institute of Medicine on trans fatty acids concluded that there was no safe level of trans fatty acids in the human diet.

[[Category:Telugu people]]

[[Category:Indian actors]]

Trans fat is not recognized by the body's metabolism, causing it to deposit into the blood vessels. Medical research has found that trans fats are much more dangerous than saturated fats.

[[Category:Indian film directors]]

[[Category:Tollywood]]

As a complication, note that some researchers claim that there are "good" trans fatty acids, such as conjugated linoleic acid.

[[Category:Indian vegetarians]]

[[Category:Telugu film directors]]

==''Trans'' fats situation==

===United States===

Consumers in the [[United States]] can find out if a food contains ''trans'' fat by looking at the ingredient list on the food label. If the ingredient list includes the words "shortening," "partially hydrogenated vegetable oil," or "hydrogenated vegetable oil," the food contains ''trans'' fat. Because ingredients are listed in descending order of predominance, smaller amounts are present when the ingredient is close to the end of the list.

Because of public awareness of the health risks of saturated fat, food companies marketed ''trans'' fat as a healthy [[monounsaturated fat]]. Whereas actual monounsaturated oils are now thought to be healthier, ''trans'' fats (which take on many of the properties of saturated fats) are much worse.

On [[July 9]], [[2003]], the United States [[Food and Drug Administration]] issued a regulation requiring manufacturers to list ''trans'' fatty acids, or ''trans'' fat, on the Nutrition Facts panel of foods and some dietary supplements. This will appear below the listing of saturated fat content, which is already required to be listed.

Food manufacturers have until [[January 1]], [[2006]], to list ''trans'' fat on the nutrition label of items sold in the United States. The FDA estimates that by three years after that date, ''trans'' fat labeling will have prevented from 600 to 1,200 cases of coronary heart disease and 250 to 500 deaths each year. This benefit is expected to result from consumers choosing alternative foods lower in trans fatty acids as well as manufacturers reducing the amount of trans fatty acids in their products. However, the labeling regulations will allow trans fat levels of less than .5 grams per serving to be labeled as 0 grams per serving, or ''trans'' fat free. Synonyms for "free" include "without," "no" and "zero," according to the regulation.

In May 2003, a U.S. non-profit corporation filed a lawsuit against the food manufacturer [[Kraft Foods]] in an attempt to get Kraft to remove the ''trans'' fats from the [[Oreo]] cookie. The lawsuit was withdrawn when Kraft agreed to work on ways to find a substitute for the ''trans'' fat in the Oreo. This suit was very effective at bringing the ''trans'' fat controversy to public attention.

In May 2005, [[Tiburon, California]] became the first city in the world where all restaurants cook with transfat-free oils.

===Canada===

[[Canada]]'s food regulator, Health Canada, started mandatory Nutrition Facts labels in [[2003]] (for gradual introduction over several years); from the beginning, they have required the listing of the amount of ''trans'' fats in the food described.

In [[November 2004]], an [[opposition day]] motion seeking a similar ban was introduced by [[Pat Martin]] of the [[New Democratic Party of Canada]], and passed through the [[Canadian House of Commons]] by an overwhelming 193-73 vote.

===Denmark===

[[Denmark]] became the first country to introduce laws strictly regulating the sale of many foods containing ''trans'' fats in [[March 2003]], a move which effectively [[ban (law)|bans]] partially hydrogenated oils.

Naturally present trace amounts of ''trans'' fatty acids in [[dairy]] and [[meat]] products are unaffected by these bills.

==''Trans'' fats in history==

[[Hydrogenation]] of edible oils was invented by the German chemist [[Wilhelm Normann]], who patented the process in 1902. In 1909 Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati acquired the US rights to the Normann patent and in 1911 they began marketing Crisco, the first hydrogenated shortening, which contained a large amount of partially hydrogenated cottonseed oil. Further success came from the marketing technique of giving away free cookbooks with every recipe calling for Crisco. Hydrogenation strongly stimulated whaling, as it made it possible to stabilize whale oil for human consumption.

Ironically, public campaigns against saturated fat have caused increased consumption of ''trans'' fat. The [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]] (CSPI) campaigned against fast foods using saturated fats starting in [[1984]]. When fast food companies replaced the saturated fat with ''trans'' fat, CSPI's campaign against them ended. CSPI defended ''trans'' fats in their [[1987]] [[Nutrition Action]] newsletter. By [[1992]] CSPI began to speak against ''trans'' fats and are currently strongly against their use.[http://www.westonaprice.org/knowyourfats/cspi.html]

==Sources==

* {{Journal reference issue | Author=Enig MG, Atal S, Keeney M, Sampugna J | Title=Isomeric trans fatty acids in the U.S. diet | Journal=Journal of the American College of Nutrition | Year=1990 | Volume=9 | Issue=5 | Pages=471-86}} PMID 2258534

* {{Web reference date format | title=FDA information on ''trans'' fats | work=Food and Drug Administration | URL=http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/transfat/ | date=2005-07-26}}

* [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] (July 9, 2003). ''[http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2003pres/20030709.html HHS to Require Food Labels to Include Trans Fat Content]''. Press Release.

* [http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/fattyacids.html Chemical Structure of Fats and Fatty Acids]

* http://www.thesoydailyclub.com/SFC/MSPproducts501.asp

* http://www.bantransfat.com/

* http://www.westonaprice.org/knowyourfats/

* http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/05/14/oreo.suit/

* [http://www.mediterrasian.com Tips on following a low trans fat diet]

* http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18424721.900

* {{Journal reference issue | Author=Eller FJ, List GR, Teel JA, Steidley KR, Adlof RO | Title=Preparation of Spread Oils Meeting U.S. Food and Drug Administration Labeling Requirements for Trans Fatty Acids via Pressure-Controlled Hydrogenation | Journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | Volume=53 | Issue=15 | Year=2005 | Pages=5982-4}} PMID 16028984

[[Category:Lipids]][[Category:Nutrition]]

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