World Chess Championship and Pawan Kalyan: Difference between pages

Revision as of 21:32, 10 January 2007

Revision as of 21:54, 22 October 2007

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{{Infobox actor

[[Image:Vladimir Kramnik 2005.jpg|right|thumb|Current World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik.]]

| name =Pawan Kalyan

| image =

|image size =220

| caption = Pawan Kalyan

| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1971|9|2}}

| ___location = {{flagicon|India}} [[Mogalthur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]

| height = 5'10''

| deathplace =

| birthname = Konidala Kalyan

| othername =Pawan Kalyan, "Power Star" Pawan Kalyan, Pavan Kalyan

| homepage =

| notable role = Balu in Toliprema, Subash in Thammudu, Badri in Badri, Siddartha Roy in Kushi.

| spouse = [[Renu Desai]]

| children = Akira Nandan

}}

'''Pawan Kalyan''' (born [[September 2]], [[1971]] is a [[Popular culture|popular]] [[India]]n film star and director in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is fondly called Power Star by his fans. His birth name is Konidala Kalyan.He is younger brother to popular Telugu Actor [[Chiranjeevi]] and Naga Babu.

== Early career ==

The '''World Chess Championship''' is played to determine the World Champion in the [[board game]] [[chess]]. Both men and women are eligible to contest this title. The World Champion is not necessarily the highest [[Elo rating system|rated]] player in the world: the current champion, [[Vladimir Kramnik]] is rated third in the world as per the [http://www.fide.com/ratings/top.phtml?list=men current FIDE rating list].

Pawan Kalyan entered Telugu movie industry with the movie [[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]] as Kalyan Babu. This film did not do well at the box office. However, he was noticed for his [[Martial Arts]].

== Career ==

In addition, there is a separate event for women only, for the title of "[[Women's World Chess Championship|Woman's World Champion]]", and separate competitions and titles for juniors, seniors and computers. However, these days the strongest competitors in the junior, senior, and women's categories often forego these niche title events in order to pursue top level competition, although they continue to be part of chess tradition. Computers are barred from competing for the open title.

After his first movie, his second movie ''[[Gokulamlo Sita]]'' was an average flick but his next movies like ''[[Suswagatham]]'', ''[[Tholi Prema]]'', ''[[Thammudu]]'', ''[[Badri]]'', and ''[[Kushi (Telugu film)|Kushi]]'' went on to become hits which earned him a decent reputation. ''[[Kushi]]'' was a trend setter and was received well both commercially and critically.He even directed few song sequences and fight sequences in the Sensational Film [[Kushi]]. Also directed one fight sequence in the film [[Daddy]] for his brother Megastar [[Chiranjeevi]].

==Controversies==

From [[1886]] to [[1993]] there was an unbroken chain of undisputed World Champions. From [[1993]], when the reigning champion (Gary Kasparov) broke away from FIDE and thus created two parallel champions, until [[2006]], there was no consensus on who owned the title. In 2006, [[Vladimir Kramnik]], the "Classical" World Champion by natural succession (having defeated the last undisputed World Champion [[Garry Kasparov]] in a match, and not having lost a match since), and [[Veselin Topalov]], the official [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs|FIDE]] World Champion (having won the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005]]), played the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2006]] in [[Kalmykia]] to decide a unified title. Kramnik's victory makes him the new undisputed World Champion.

1) Pawan Kalyan was rumoured to have threatened former TDP MLA Paritala Ravindra over some land grabbing rights. It was a fact that Paritala Ravindra illegally grabbed Chiranjeevi's land in Jubilee Hills and had to be warned.It was also falsely rumoured that Paritala Ravi who was a factionist had Pawan Kalyan's head tonsured (Gundu (in Telugu)/Takla (in Hindi)) before sending him back to Hyderabad. As fate would have it, Paritala Ravindra was later killed brutally, a fitting end to a violent life. Andhra Pradesh is a better place without Paritala Ravindra.

Source: http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/topstory/pawan_paritala.html ;

http://www.idleburra.com/feeds/8632234486587833225/comments/default ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pk-dcprotest.html

http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/apr/22pawan.htm ;

http://infiya.blogspot.com/2007/08/pawan-kalyan-tollywood-actor-biography.html

== ==

2) He is supposedly involved in a bigamy case, currently under the Visakhapatnam District Court. As per sources, one lady Nandini filed a complaint under the section of 494 for bigamy with Vizag court on 22nd June that she is the first wife of Pawan Kalyan and Pawan Kalyan entered into second marriage with actress Renu Desai without her consent nor taking divorce from the first marriage. She also filed a petition with women's court seeking alimony amount 5 Lakhs per month for monthly maintainance. As per her complaint, she is married to Pawan Kalyan on May 17th, 1997 with the blessings of the elders. They seperated few years after that but Pawan Kalyan met her whenever he was in Vizag. Starting 2005, Nandini moved in with her parents and is now dependent on them. Pawan Kalyan married actress Renu Desai a few years ago. He shared screen with her in two films viz. Badri and Jhonny. The couple also have a son Akira.

Sources: http://www.totaltollywood.com/news/ttnews1436.html ;

http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/21/stories/2007092154600400.htm ;

http://mynation.wordpress.com/2007/07/07/i-have-not-married-pavan-kalyan-counters-renu-desai/ ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pawankalyan-vizagcourt.html

== ==

3) On 22 October, 2007, Kalyan told the media he decided to 'surrender' his licensed weapon to the police. "I don't need (it) any more as there is no threat to my life now," he said. In connection with the elopement and marriage of Srija (Chiranjeevi's daughter), Pawan Kalyan said "I would like to assure her that no harm will come to her or the boy. I don't have any hired goondas (goons) or musclemen. I have come to surrender my revolver and its license to the police because I don't need this weapon now. We don't have hired goondas, we only have fans who love us and they don't resort such acts. Denying that he was an emotional and angry young man like his screen image, Pawan Kalyan said ''if he wanted he could have harmed Sirish because he had information that the couple was running away. But we don't want to harm them. If their love is true nobody can harm them.'' The statement obviously sounds ominous and people assume this as the rationale for Srija's elopement!

Source: http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/22chiru.htm ;

http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/004200710221641.htm

Power Star Pawan Kalyan announced Common man Protection Force (CMPF) to help the poor and helpless. He donated Rs.1.Crore from his personal savings for CMPF as corpus fund. He said "i am not angry,i am just emotional. I can't tolerate the injustice in this society. So i want to do some thing for the people... always. me and my friends are discussing about CMPF from many days. And we think this is the right time to announce it. I had 1000's of fans who love me. I am starting this to do good for the society, i am confident some other fans and like minded people will join hands with me. I am unhappy even now after earning so much Money, name & fame. I want to be happy by doing something to the people who are in need. I don't want to buy plots in different cities, agriculture lands and don't want to earn crores on them. I will do my best to my country and my people. And Mother Promise, i don't have any political intensions. Any one who needs help can contact CMPF on these numbers 98663 44833, 98663 44733. I stay at 32, nandagiri hills, Jubilee hills check post, Hyderabad. You can even visit me if you need some help. i will do my best to help you " -by Power Star Pawan Kalyan. Yes, We are with You.

==Reigns of the Champions==

== Trivia ==

See also [[World Chess Championship/Gallery|image gallery]] and [[List of chess world championship matches]].

*Pawan Kalyan is a [[Vegetarian]].

*He holds a Black Belt in [[Martial arts |Martial Arts]] and did real stunts for his movies - Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbai and [[Thammudu]].

*[[Renu Desai |Renu Desai]] is the Costume designer for most of his films.

*Pawan Kalyan was the first south indian actor to appear in an endorsement,for the soft drink [[PEPSI]] but now replaced by his nephew [[Allu Arjun]].

*He returned money back to the distributors for his film Johnny didnt do well at the Box Office.

*Apart from being an actor, he feels also as a Director, Screenplay writer, Choreographer, Stunt Master and a Playback singer.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/ "Pawan Kalyan Filmography"]</ref>

*Pawan enjoys doing cultivation and spends lot of time in his farm house doing gardening

*Ali is the best friend of pawan kalyan

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]] is a good friend of Pawan Kalyan and both expressed their interest to act in a film.

*Tamil sensational actor [[Vijay (actor) |Vijay]] is also a good friend and great fan of him.<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-01/17-03-06-vijay.html "Behind Woods: Vijay at Hyderabad: Telugu fans happy"]</ref>

*Tamil and Telugu actress [[Trisha Krishnan |Trisha]] in an interview said that, she had a crush on Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/may2007/trisha_love.php] "Trisha: I love Pawan Kalyan but don't know why"</ref>

*Telugu movie actress Nikita's favourite hero too is Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/nikita_profile.php "TeluguCinema.com:, Star Interviews: Nikita's Personal Profile]</ref>

*Telugu actresses Genelia and shriya are also big fans of pawankalyan.

*He has a good rapport with music director [[Ramana Gogula]] and the creative directors - [[Puri Jagannadh |Puri Jagannadh]] and [[A. Karunakaran |A. Karunakaran]].

===Leading chess masters pre&ndash;1886===

{|class="wikitable"

!|Name||Years||Country

|-

|[[Luis Ramirez Lucena]]||~1490 || {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]

|-

|[[Pedro Damiano|Pedro Damião]] ||~1520 ||{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]

|-

|[[Ruy López de Segura]] ||~1560 || {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]

|-

|[[Paolo Boi]] <br>and [[Leonardo da Cutri]]||~1575|| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]

|-

|[[Alessandro Salvio]]|| ~1600|| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]

|-

|[[Gioacchino Greco]] || ~1620|| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]

|-

|[[Legall de Kermeur]]|| ~1730&ndash;1747|| {{flagicon|Ancien Regime}} [[France]]

|-

|[[Francois-André Philidor]]|| ~1747&ndash;1795|| {{flagicon|Ancien Regime}} / {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]

|-

|[[Alexandre Deschapelles]]|| ~1800&ndash;1820|| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]

|-

|[[Louis de la Bourdonnais]]|| ~1820&ndash;1840|| {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]

|-

|[[Howard Staunton]] || 1843&ndash;1851|| {{flagicon|England}} [[England]]

|-

|[[Adolf Anderssen]]|| 1851&ndash;1858|| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Prussia]] ([[Germany]])

|-

|[[Paul Morphy]]||1858&ndash;1862|| {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]

|-

|[[Adolf Anderssen]]||1862&ndash;1866|| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Prussia]] ([[Germany]])

|-

|[[Wilhelm Steinitz]] ||1866&ndash;1886||{{flagicon|Bohemia}} [[Bohemia]] / {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]]

|}

==Filmography==

===Undisputed World Champions 1886–1993===

{| class="wikitable"

!|Name||Years||Country

|-

! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes

|[[Wilhelm Steinitz]]||1886–1894|| {{AUT}} / {{flagicon|USA-44}} [[United States]]

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1996

|[[Emanuel Lasker]]||1894–1921|| {{flagicon|German Empire}} / {{GER}}

| ''[[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]]''

| Kalyan Kumar

| debut film,Average

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1997

|[[José Raúl Capablanca]]||1921–1927|| {{CUB}}

| ''[[Gokulamlo Seetha]]''

| Pavan

| Play Boy

|-

|rowspan="2"| 1998

|[[Alexander Alekhine]]||1927–1935|| {{FRA}}

| ''[[Suswagatham]]''

| Ganesh

| Hit

|-

| ''[[Tholi Prema]]''

|[[Max Euwe]]||1935–1937||{{NED}}

| Balu

| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholi_Prema]]; National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu<ref>[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|"National Film award for the best Telugu Feature Film"]]</ref> and State Golden Nandi award for the best feature film<ref>[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|"List of Nandi Award winners for the Best Feature Film]]</ref>

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1999

|[[Alexander Alekhine]]|| 1937–1946|| {{FRA}}

| ''[[Thammudu]]''

| Subrahmanyam / "Subbu" Subhash

| Kick Boxer,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2000

|[[Mikhail Botvinnik]]|| 1948–1957|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| ''[[Badri (2000 film)|Badri]]''

| Badri-Badrinath

| Fashion Designer and Ad director,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2001

|[[Vasily Smyslov]]|| 1957–1958|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| ''[[Khushi (Telugu film)|Khushi]]''

| "Sidhu" Sidhartha Roy

| Mega Blockbuster, Also provided stunts and choreographed a couple of songs[[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/]]

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2003

|[[Mikhail Botvinnik]]|| 1958–1960|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| ''[[Johnny (film)|Johnny]]''

| Johnny

| Flop

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2004

|[[Mikhail Tal]]|| 1960–1961|| {{USSR}} ([[Latvia]])

| ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]''

| Shankar / Kalyanji - Anandji

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Shankardada MBBS]]''

|[[Mikhail Botvinnik]]|| 1961–1963|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| Special appearance

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2005

|[[Tigran Petrosian]]|| 1963–1969|| {{USSR}} ([[Armenia]])

| ''[[Balu ABCDEFG]]''

| Balu / Ghani

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2006

|[[Boris Spassky]]|| 1969–1972|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| ''[[Bangaram]]''

| Bangaram

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Annavaram]]''

|[[Bobby Fischer|Robert J. Fischer]]|| 1972–1975|| {{USA}}

| Annavaram

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2007

|[[Anatoly Karpov]]|| 1975–1985|| {{USSR}} ([[Russia]])

| ''[[Shankardada Zindabad]]''

|-

| Suresh

|[[Garry Kasparov]]|| 1985–1993|| {{USSR}} / {{RUS}}

| Played an important guest role.

|}

|-

{{col-begin}}

| ''[[Jalsa]]''

{{col-2}}

|

|pawan kalyan oadhi(dus)

|-

===FIDE World Champions 1993&ndash;2006===

|

{|class="wikitable"

|

!|Name||Years||Country

|-

|[[Anatoly Karpov]]||1993&ndash;1999||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]

|-

|[[Alexander Khalifman]]||1999&ndash;2000|| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]

|-

|[[Viswanathan Anand]]|| 2000&ndash;2002||{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]

|-

|[[Ruslan Ponomariov]] ||2002&ndash;2004||{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]]

|-

|[[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]]||2004&ndash;2005||{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Uzbekistan]]

|-

|[[Veselin Topalov]]||2005&ndash;2006||{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]]

|}

{{col-2}}

==="Classical" World Champions 1993&ndash;2006 ===

{|class="wikitable"

!|Name||Years||Country

|-

|[[Garry Kasparov]]||1993&ndash;2000||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]

|-

|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]||2000&ndash;2006||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]

|}

{{col-end}}

===Undisputed World Champions 2006&ndash;===

{|class ="wikitable"

!|Name||Years||Country

|-

|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]||2006&ndash;present||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]

|}

==History of the World Chess Championship==

===Three pioneering titans (Pre-1900)===

The first match proclaimed by the players as for the world championship was the match that [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] won against [[Johannes Zukertort]] in 1886. However, a line of players regarded as the strongest (or at least the most famous) in the world extends back hundreds of years beyond them, and these players are sometimes considered the world champions of their time. They include [[Ruy López de Segura]] around 1560, [[Paolo Boi]] and [[Leonardo da Cutri]] around 1575, [[Alessandro Salvio]] around 1600, and [[Gioacchino Greco]] around 1620.

In the 18th and early 19th century, French players dominated, with [[Legall de Kermeur]] ([[1730]]&ndash;[[1747]]), [[Francois-André Philidor]] ([[1747]]&ndash;[[1795]]), [[Alexandre Deschapelles]] ([[1800]]&ndash;[[1820]]) and [[Louis de la Bourdonnais]] ([[1820]]&ndash;[[1840]]) all widely regarded as the strongest players of their time. La Bourdonnais played a series of six matches &mdash; and 85 games &mdash; against the Irishman [[Alexander McDonnell]], with many of the encounters later being annotated by the American [[Paul Morphy]].

The Englishman [[Howard Staunton]]'s match victory over another Frenchman, [[Pierre-Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant]], in 1843 is considered to have established him as the world's strongest player ([[1840]]&ndash;[[1850]]). When he only finished fourth in the [[1851]] London tournament, he is considered to have relinquished the role to the tournament's winner, [[Adolf Anderssen]] ([[1851]]&ndash;[[1858]]). About the same time ([[1850]]), [[von der Lasa]] was considered Anderssen's equal, and won a match with Staunton by one point.

[[Image:PaulMorphy.jpg|thumb|left|80px|[[Paul Morphy]]]]

Anderssen was himself decisively defeated in an [[1858]] match against the American [[Paul Morphy]], after which Morphy was toasted across the chess-playing world as the world chess champion. A fast player (he took only minutes to decide on his moves, compared with some others who "were notorious not for out-thinking their opponents but out-sitting them", as Steinitz once said), and possessing fearsome talent, he defeated every major player of the time. Soon after, he offered pawn and move odds to anyone who would play him. Finding no takers, Morphy abruptly retired from chess the following year, but many considered him the world champion until his death in [[1884]]. His sudden withdrawal from chess at his peak and subsequent mental illness led to his being known as "the pride and sorrow of chess".

[[Image:and00278.jpg|thumb|right|80px|[[Adolf Anderssen]]]]

This left Anderssen again as possibly the world's strongest active player, a reputation he reinforced by winning the strong London tournament of [[1862]]. He was narrowly defeated in an 1866 match against [[Wilhelm Steinitz]], and some commentators regard this to be the first "official" world championship match. The match was not declared to be a world championship at the time, however. It was only after Morphy's death in [[1884]] that such a match was declared, a testament to Morphy's dominance of the game (even though he had not played publicly for 25 years). This 1886 match between Steinitz and [[Johannes Zukertort]], won by Steinitz, though not held under the aegis of any official body, is universally recognized as the first official World Chess Championship match, with Steinitz the game's first official World Champion.

[[Image:Wilhelm_Steinitz.jpg|thumb|left|80px|[[Wilhelm Steinitz]]]]

The championship was conducted on a fairly informal basis through the remainder of the nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth: if a player thought he was strong enough, he (or his friends) would find financial backing for a match purse and challenge the reigning world champion. If he won, he would become the new champion. There was no formal system of qualification. However, it is generally regarded that the system did on the whole produce champions who were the strongest players of their day. The players who held the title up until [[World War II]] were Steinitz, [[Emanuel Lasker]], [[José Raúl Capablanca]], [[Alexander Alekhine]], and [[Max Euwe]], each of them defeating the previous incumbent in a match.

===Rise of the modern Grandmaster (1894 - 1946)===

Lasker was the first champion after Steinitz; though there were criticisms that he played infrequently, he did string together an impressive run of tournament victories and dominated his opponents. His success is largely due to the fact that he was an excellent practical player. He did not necessarily play the objectively ''best'' move, but instead the one that would upset his rival the most. In difficult or objectively lost positions he would complicate matters and use his extraordinary tactical abilities to save the game. He held the title from [[1894]] to [[1921]], a reign (27 years) unlikely even to be approached by any modern champion. In that period he defended the title successfully 6 times, against Steinitz, [[Frank Marshall]], [[Siegbert Tarrasch]], [[Dawid Janowski]] and [[Carl Schlechter]] (the last was a tied match +1-1=8, with Lasker keeping his title by winning the last game).

The tournaments [[St. Petersburg 1909]] and [[St. Petersburg 1914]] were pivotal events of this period. Lasker won both events (sharing first with [[Akiba Rubinstein]] in 1909), followed by Capablanca and Alekhine in 1914. Tsar Nicholas II of Russia awarded the five finalists of St. Petersburg 1914 with the title Grand Master of Chess: [[Emanuel Lasker]], [[José Raúl Capablanca]], [[Alexander Alekhine]], [[Siegbert Tarrasch]], and [[Frank Marshall]].

In [[1921]], Lasker lost the title to a sensational young Cuban&mdash; Capablanca. Capablanca was the last and greatest of the "natural" players: he prepared little for his games, but won them brilliantly. He possessed an astonishing insight into positions simply by glancing at them. Renowned for his ability to gradually convert the tiniest advantages into victory as well as his famous [[endgame]] skill, Capablanca was one of the most feared players in history. From a loss to [[Oscar Chajes]] in [[1916]] to a loss to [[Richard Réti]] in [[1924]], he went undefeated.

[[Image:Alekhine.jpg|thumb|right|80px|[[Alexander Alekhine]]]]

However, in 1927, he was shockingly upset by a new challenger, Alekhine. Before the match, almost nobody gave Alekhine a chance against the dominant [[Cuba]]n, but Alekhine overcame Capablanca's natural skill with his unmatched drive and extensive preparation (especially deep opening analysis, which became a hallmark of all future grandmasters). The aggressive Alekhine was helped by his fearsome tactical skill, which complicated the game. He also managed to stave off a rematch against Capablanca indefinitely. In 1935, he lost the title to the logical [[Netherlands|Dutch]] mathematician [[Max Euwe]], the last amateur/world champion. Alekhine later liked to blame his loss on alcohol. In 1937, at which point the two players had split their previous 56 games evenly, Alekhine did get a rematch and won the title back from Euwe. He then held it until his death in 1946.

===Soviet dominance (1948 - 1972)===

Alekhine's death threw the chess world into chaos. The previous informal system could not deal with this unlikely eventuality. Though Euwe could claim a moral right to the title, he graciously allowed [[FIDE]] to step in. Though FIDE had existed since 1924, it lacked power because the strongest chess-playing nation, the Soviet Union, refused to participate. However, upon Alekhine's death, the Soviet Union joined FIDE in order to be a part of the process to select the next champion. FIDE organised a [[World Chess Championship 1948|match tournament in 1948]] between five of the world's strongest players: [[Mikhail Botvinnik]], [[Vasily Smyslov]], [[Paul Keres]], [[Samuel Reshevsky]], and [[Max Euwe]] himself ([[Reuben Fine]] was also invited, but declined to take part due to his [[doctorate]] degree requirements). Botvinnik won the tournament by a large margin (as well as winning all the sub-matches against all his opponents), and thus the championship, and FIDE continued to organise the championship thereafter.

In place of the previous informal system, a new system of qualifying tournaments and matches was arranged. The world's strongest players were seeded into "[[Interzonal]] tournaments", where they were joined by players who had qualified from "Zonal tournaments". The leading finishers in these [[Interzonal]]s would go on the "Candidates" stage, which was initially a tournament, later a series of knock-out matches. The winner of the [[Candidates Tournament]] would then play a match against the reigning champion (who did not have to qualify through this process) for the championship. If a champion was defeated, he had a right to play a rematch one year after his loss. This system worked on a three-year cycle.

The winner of the [[World Chess Championship 1948|1948 tournament]], [[Mikhail Botvinnik]], would end up being a constant presence in championship matches for over ten years. His marked longevity at the top is generally explained by the fact that he was a tireless worker. It is said he perfected the game as a science, not a sport, through his emphasis on technique over tactics. This longevity is even more impressive considering he had hit his peak during [[World War II]], during which international chess was suspended, and he was the first champion who was forced to play all his challengers. Perhaps most remarkably, he was not a professional chess player, but a decorated engineer by trade.

Botvinnik first successfully defended his title twice over his first six years, holding off both [[David Bronstein]] in [[1951]] and [[Vasily Smyslov]] in [[1954]]. Both the matches were drawn 12-12 but Botvinnik retained the title by virtue of being defending champion. Smyslov, however, won the title in [[1957]] by a score of 12.5 &ndash; 9.5, only to lose it once more to Botvinnik in [[1958]] by a score of 12.5 &ndash; 10.5. At the time, Smyslov had the dubious pleasure of being the shortest-reigning world champion, but this 'honour' soon switched hands, to the 'Magician from [[Riga]]', [[Mikhail Tal]].

Tal's daring, sacrificial style had brought him success in [[1960]], overcoming Botvinnik by a score of 12.5 &ndash; 8.5. But once more, Botvinnik was not content, and won back his title the following year in a rematch, by the score of 13 &ndash; 8, after Tal fell ill. Botvinnik has said: "If Tal would learn to program himself properly, he would have been impossible to play." Unfortunately, he did not, and many believe that Tal was never able to live up to his potential. He remains to this day the shortest-lived champion.

[[image:TigranPetrosian.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Tigran Petrosian]]]]

Botvinnik would play just one more world championship match, against the [[Armenia|Armenian]] [[Tigran Petrosian]], losing it 12.5 &ndash; 9.5. There was no rematch, because FIDE abolished the rematch rule. Botvinnik retired from chess and occupied himself with [[computer chess]] and the creation of his famous chess school. Petrosian successfully defended his title in 1966 against [[Boris Spassky]], winning by the narrowest of margins (12.5 &ndash; 11.5) in [[Moscow]]. Three years later, however, (once more in [[Moscow]]) he lost 12.5 &ndash; 10.5 to the same challenger.

===A second American sorrow and the K-K arch-rivalry (1972 - 1993)===

[[image:spassky.jpg|thumb|left|80px|[[Boris Spassky]]]]

The next championship, held in [[Reykjavík]] ([[Iceland]]) in [[1972]], saw the first non-Soviet finalist since before World War II (the first under FIDE), the young American, [[Bobby Fischer]]. Having defeated his Candidates opponents [[Bent Larsen]], [[Mark Taimanov]], and Tigran Petrosian by unheard-of margins (with scores of 6&ndash;0, 6&ndash;0, and 6.5&ndash;2.5, respectively), Fischer was easily qualified to challenge Spassky. The so-called [[Match of the Century]], possibly the most famous in chess history, had a shaky start: having lost the first game, Fischer defaulted the second after he failed to turn up, complaining about playing conditions. There was concern he would default the whole match rather than play, but he duly turned up for the third game and won it brilliantly. Spassky won only one more game in the rest of the match and was eventually crushed by Fischer by a score of 12.5 &ndash; 8.5. Fischer's dominance drew many parallels to the other famed American chess champion, Morphy. Unfortunately, this similarity became all too close three years later.

A line of unbroken FIDE champions had thus been established from [[1948]] to [[1972]], with each champion gaining his title by beating the previous incumbent. This came to an end in [[1975]], however, when reigning champion Fischer refused to defend his title against Soviet [[Anatoly Karpov]] when Fischer's demands were not met. Fischer abandoned his FIDE title, but maintained that he was still World Champion. He went into seclusion and did not play chess in public again until [[1992]], when he offered Spassky a rematch, again for the World Championship. The general chess public did not take this claim to the championship seriously, since both of them were well past their prime - shadows of their former selves, though the match was greatly appreciated and attracted good media coverage.

In addition, Karpov dominated the [[1970s]] and [[1980s]] with an incredible string of tournament successes. He convincingly demonstrated that he was the strongest player in the world by defending his title twice against ex-Soviet [[Viktor Korchnoi]], first in [[Baguio City]] in [[1978]] and then in [[Merano]] in [[1981]]. His "[[boa (genus)|boa constrictor]]" style frustrated opponents, often causing them to lash out and err. This allowed him to bring the full force of his Botvinnik-learned dry technique (both Karpov and Kasparov were students at Botvinnik's school) against them, grinding his way to victory.

He eventually lost his title to a fiery, aggressive, tactical player who was equally convincing over the board: [[Garry Kasparov]]. The two of them fought five incredibly close world championship matches, in 1984 (the last match scored with the number of wins, which was controversially terminated without result when Karpov was leading +5 -3 =40, the longest championship match to date, see [[Anatoly Karpov#World champion|Anatoly Karpov]]'s article for details), 1985 (which Kasparov won 13-11), 1986 (Kasparov won 12.5&ndash;11.5), 1987 (which was drawn 12&ndash;12 and Kasparov kept the title), and 1990 (which Kasparov narrowly won 12.5&ndash;11.5).

===Chaos (1993 - 2006)===

Not long after Kasparov became champion, the Soviet Union collapsed, freeing Kasparov from the grip of the Soviet state. This set the stage for a more lasting set-back to FIDE's system when in [[1993]], Kasparov and challenger [[Nigel Short]] complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE and split from FIDE to set up the [[Professional Chess Association]] (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. The event was orchestrated largely by [[Raymond Keene]], who has been at the centre of much off-the-board chess activity for a long time now. Keene brought the event to [[London]] (FIDE had planned it for [[Manchester]]), and [[England]] was whipped up into something of a chess fever: [[Channel Four]] broadcast some 81 programmes on the match, the [[BBC]] also had coverage, and Short appeared in television beer commercials. Kasparov crushed Short by five points, and interest in chess in the UK soon died down.

Affronted by the PCA split, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title and held a championship match between Karpov (champion prior to Kasparov and defeated by Short in the Candidates semi-final) and [[Jan Timman]] (defeated by Short in the Candidates final) in the [[Netherlands]] and [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]. Karpov emerged victorious.

Kasparov defended his PCA title against [[Viswanathan Anand]] in 1995, who had qualified through a series of events similar to those in the old FIDE system. It seemed his next challenger would be [[Alexei Shirov]], who won a match against [[Vladimir Kramnik]] to apparently secure his place. However, plans for a match with Shirov never materialised, and he was subsequently omitted from negotiations, much to his disgust. Instead, Anand was lined up to play Kasparov once more, but here too, plans fell through (in somewhat disputed circumstances). Instead, [[Vladimir Kramnik]] was given the chance to play Kasparov in 2000. Kramnik won the match with two wins, thirteen draws, and no losses.

FIDE, meanwhile, after one more traditional championship cycle which resulted in Karpov successfully defending his title against [[Gata Kamsky]] in [[1996]], largely scrapped the old system, instead having a large knock-out event in which a large number of players contested short matches against each other over just a few weeks. Very fast games were used to resolve ties at the end of each round, a format which some felt did not necessarily recognize the highest quality play: Kasparov refused to participate in these events, as did Kramnik after he won Kasparov's title in 2000. In the first of these events, champion Karpov was seeded straight into the final (as in previous championships), but subsequently the champion had to qualify like other players. Karpov defended his title in the first of these championships in [[1998]], but resigned his title in anger at the new rules in [[1999]]. [[Alexander Khalifman]] took the title in [[1999]], Anand in [[2000]] and [[Ruslan Ponomariov]] in [[2002]].

2002 thus saw a chess world with two distinct championships: the 'Classical' one held by Kramnik extending the Steinitzian lineage in which the current champion plays a challenger in match format (a series of many games); and FIDE's new format of a tennis-style elimination&mdash;or "Knockout"&mdash;tournament with dozens of players competing, held by Ponomariov. Further undermining the status of both champions, Kasparov could also claim to be the strongest player, due to his clearly superior [[ELO rating]], boosted because he won several major tournaments after losing his title to Kramnik.

In May [[2002]], under the terms of the so-called "Prague Agreement" masterminded by [[Yasser Seirawan]], several leaders in the chess world met in [[Prague]] and signed a unity agreement which intended to ensure the crowning of an undisputed world champion before the end of [[2003]], and restore the traditional cycle of qualifying matches by [[2005]]. The semifinalists for the [[2003]] championship were to be Ruslan Ponomariov (FIDE champion) vs. Garry Kasparov (highest rated player), and Vladimir Kramnik (Classical champion) vs. a player selected via a challenger cycle organised before Prague, and subsequently won by [[Péter Lékó]]. The latter match was to be held in Budapest, but funding collapsed; it was rescheduled as a fourteen game match held in [[Brissago]], [[Switzerland]] from [[September 25]] to [[October 18]], [[2004]] and billed as the Classic World Chess Championship sponsored by the cigar company Dannemann. The match was drawn after Kramnik won the last game when a point behind, which meant that Kramnik retained the title.

The Kasparov-Ponomariov semifinal suffered greater problems. Organised by FIDE, it was scheduled for September 2003, but called off when Ponomariov refused to sign his contract for it in disputed circumstances. Instead it was suggested that Kasparov play the winner of the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2004]], a knockout event held in June&ndash;July 2004 in [[Tripoli]], the capital of [[Libya]], a controversial event in a controversial venue which saw several prominent players denied entry [[Visa (document)|visas]] and others withdrawing in protest. The secondary venue of [[Malta]], originally proposed to solve the visas issue, was removed by FIDE claiming [[Muammar al-Qaddafi]] had assured no problems related to players with Israeli passports and visa stamps (in contrast to the ardent claims of his elder son, Muhammad Qaddafi, head of the Libyan Olympic Committee). In the event, the little-known [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] [[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]] won the event, but neither Kasparov nor Kramnik would ever play him for the title; Kasparov-Kasimdzhanov matches were mooted for [[Dubai]] and [[Elista]], but nothing came of these approaches and all hope was lost when Kasparov retired from competitive chess in early 2005, still ranked #1 in the world.

Soon after, FIDE dropped the short knockout format for World Championship event and announced the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005]], a new 8-player double round robin tournament to be held in [[San Luis, Argentina]]. With the stated intent of removing confusion over who the true World Champion should be, FIDE invited anyone with a conceivable claim to either the title or a challenge for the title - Kasparov as world #1 by ELO rating, Kramnik as Classical world champion, Kasimdzhanov as FIDE world champion, Anand as #1 behind Kasparov, and several other top-rated players. However, both Kasparov (retired) and Kramnik (who insisted on a traditional match format) declined their invitations to participate. As a result, FIDE considered Kramnik to have abdicated all rights to the world championship title, while the Kramnik camp maintained that the descendant of Steinitz was as yet unbeaten, and so the impasse remained.

The dominant winner in [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005|San Luis]] was the Bulgarian [[Veselin Topalov]]. Moves were quickly made by Kramnik and his team to arrange a Kramnik-Topalov unification match; this fell apart after neither side would be swayed on crucial issues (most notably whether the match should be played under the auspices of FIDE, which the sponsor Kramnik had found did not want to give any money to).

=== A New Era (2006 - ?) ===

On [[April 13]] [[2006]], FIDE announced a World Championship match between [[Veselin Topalov]] and [[Vladimir Kramnik]], to be held [[September 21]] - [[October 13]] in Elista, Russia, over 12 games, with a rapid playoff if necessary: See [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2006]]

Kramnik won the match, despite a controversy that saw Topalov awarded a point by forfeit. The regular match with the forfeited game ended in a 6-6 tie, but Kramnik won the rapid chess playoff with a score of 2.5-1.5.

Kramnik thus becomes the first unified and undisputed World Chess Champion since Kasparov split from FIDE to form the PCA in 1993. He will take Topalov's place in the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2007]], and Topalov has been eliminated from this event [http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3051].

Encouraged by the success of San Luis, FIDE have confirmed that the 2007 Championships will be another 8-player double round robin [http://www.fide.com/official/handbook.asp?level=DD104]. In April 2006 FIDE announced that this tournament would be held in Mexico. The top 4 San Luis finishers (Topalov - but now replaced by Kramnik, Anand, Svidler, Morozevich) qualify, along with 4 of 16 Candidates [http://www.fide.com/news.asp?id=896] to be contested in April 2007.

==See also==

*[[Chiranjeevi]]

* [[List of chess world championship matches]]

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]]

* [[Interzonal]]

* [[CandidatesAllu TournamentArjun]]

*[[Bala Krishna]]

* [[Women's World Chess Championship]]

*[[Ram Charan Teja]]

* [[List of national chess championships]]

*[[Tollywood]]

* [[European Individual Championship]]

* [[List of strong chess tournaments]]

* [[Chess Olympiad]]

* [[European Team Championship]]

* [[World Chess Solving Championship]]

* [[Greatest chess player of all time]] - includes World Champions by world title reigns

==World Championship Events==

* [[World Chess Championship 1948]]

* [[World Chess Championship 1972]]

* [[Classical World Chess Championship 1995]]

* [[Classical World Chess Championship 2000]]

* [[Classical World Chess Championship 2004]]

* [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2004]]

* [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005]]

* [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2006]]

* [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2007]]

==External links==

* [http://members.aol.com/graemecree/chesschamps/world/index.htm Graeme Cree's World Chess Championship Page]

* [http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc-indx.htm Mark Weeks' pages on the championships]

<br clear=all>

{{Chess}}

== References ==

[[Category:Chess world championships|*]]

<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

[[Category:Chess history]]

== External links ==

* {{imdb name|id=0436302|name=Pawan Kalyan}}

* [http://www.telugucinemastills.com/xclusives/akira/akiranandan.html Pawan Kalyan's Son: Akira Nandan Konidela]

* [http://www.pawankalyansatyagrahi.com/ Pawan Kalyan's Satyagrahi]

* [http://www.pawanfans.com Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.megafans.com Chiranjeevi - Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.cherryfans.com Mega Fansite]

* [http://www.commonmanprotectionforce.org - Common Man Protection Force]

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