|
I removed "''In addition, the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] still may not be a Catholic, although the Prime Minister may.''" Is there any real evidence for this, such as a UK government document in the last 100 years? --[[User:Henrygb|Henrygb]] 11:07, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] - [[1945]] - [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]]
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1910s]] [[1920s]] [[1930s]] - '''[[1940s]]''' - [[1950s]] [[1960s]] [[1970s]]
|-
| align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[19th century]] - '''[[20th century]]''' - [[21st century]] <hr>
[[1945 in architecture]]<br>
[[1945 in art]]<br>
[[1945 in aviation]]<br>
[[1945 in film]]<br>
[[1945 in literature]]<br>
[[1945 in music]]<br>
[[1945 in radio]]<br>
[[1945 in rail transport]]<br>
[[1945 in science]]<br>
[[1945 in sports]]<br>
[[1945 in television]]<br>
[[List of state leaders in 1945|1945 state leaders]]<br>
[[1945 in Canada]]
|}
== Speaking of Catholic prime ministers... ==
== Events ==
=== January ===
*[[January 5]] - The [[Soviet Union]] recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of [[Poland]].
*[[January 7]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] General [[Bernard Montgomery]] holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the [[Battle of the Bulge]].
*[[January 12]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] begin a very large offensive in [[Eastern Europe]] against the [[Nazi]]s.
*[[January 13]] - Soviet patrol arrests [[Raoul Wallenberg]] in [[Hungary]].
*[[January 16]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] moves into his underground bunker, the so-called ''[[Führerbunker]]''
*[[January 17]] - World War II: [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] occupy [[Warsaw]]
*[[January 17]] - [[Holocaust]]: [[Nazi]]s begin to evacuate from [[Auschwitz]] [[concentration camp]]
*[[January 27]] - The [[Red Army]] arrives at [[Auschwitz]] and [[Birkenau]] in [[Poland]] and find the [[Nazi]] [[concentration camp]] where 1.1-1.5 million people were murdered.
*[[January 28]] - World War II: Supplies begin to reach [[China]] over the newly reopened [[Burma Road]].
*[[January 30]] - The [[KdF_Ship_Wilhelm_Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]] with more 10,000 refugees from [[Gdynia|Gotenhafen]] in the [[Gdansk Bay]] sunk with three [[torpedo]]es from the [[Soviet submarine S-13]]. More 9,300 drowned in the [[Baltic Sea]].
*[[January 31]] - [[Eddie Slovik]] is executed, the first American soldier since the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] to be executed for [[desertion]]
Has there ever been one? I came to this article to find out the answer, and to see what the history of Catholic cabinet ministers was. If someone knows, I think it would be interesting. —[[User:JerryFriedman|JerryFriedman]] 03:33, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
=== February ===
*[[February 2]] - [[World War II]]: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] leave to meet with [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] leader [[Joseph Stalin]] at the [[Yalta Conference]].
*[[February 3]] - World War II: [[Russia]] agrees to enter the Pacific Theatre conflict against [[Japan]].
*[[February 4]] - World War II: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] leader [[Joseph Stalin]] begin the [[Yalta Conference]] (ends [[February 11]])
*[[February 7]] - World War II: General [[Douglas MacArthur]] returns to [[Manila]]
*[[February 8]] - World War II: [[United States]] [[firebombing|fire bombs]] [[Dresden]], [[Germany]] killing 35,000 citizens.
* [[February 9]] - [[Walter Ulbricht]] becomes the leader of German [[communism|communists]] in [[Moscow]]
*[[February 10]] - World War II: The [[SS General von Steuben]] sunk by the [[Soviet submarine S-13]].
*[[February 13]] - World War II: [[Soviet Union]] forces capture [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] from the [[Nazi]]s.
*[[February 13]] - World War II: The [[British Air Force]] bombs [[Dresden]], [[Germany]].
*[[February 14]] - [[Chile]], [[Ecuador]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Peru]] join the [[United Nations]].
*[[February 16]] - World War II: American forces land on [[Corregidor]] island in the [[Philippines]].
* February 16 - American forces recapture the [[Bataan]] Peninsula
*[[February 19]] - World War II: [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] - about 30,000 [[United States Marine]]s landed on [[Iwo Jima]] starting the battle.
*[[February 23]] - World War II: Following the American victory at the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]], a group of [[United States Marine]]s reach the top of [[Mount Surabachi]] on the island and are photographed raising the [[flag of the United States|American flag]]. The photo will later win a [[Pulitzer Prize]].
*[[February 23]] - World War II: The capital of the [[Philippines]], Manila, is liberated by [[United States|American]] forces.
*[[February 24]] - Egyptian Premier [[Ahmed Maher Pasha]] is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.
:Good luck - I think it is a bit of a non-issue so people don't keep complete records. I am not aware of any Roman Catholic prime ministers, but [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon]] seems to have been a Roman Catholic cabinet minister and son of a prime minister. Note that [[Neville Chamberlain]] was an [[Unitarian]] prime minister, which did not pose a problem. --[[User:Henrygb|Henrygb]] 16:46, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)
=== March ===
*[[March 1]] - [[Jesse Holman Jones]] starts his term of office as [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]], serving under President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
*[[March 3]] - [[World War II]]: Previously neutral [[Finland]] declares war on the [[Axis powers]].
*[[March 6]] - Communist-led government formed in [[Romania]]
*[[March 7]] - World War II: American troops seize the bridge over the [[Rhine River]] at [[Remagen]], [[Germany]] and begin to cross.
*[[March 8]] - [[Josip Broz Tito]] forms a government in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
*[[March 9]] – [[March 10]] - World War II: American [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] bombers attack [[Japan]] with [[incendiary bomb]]s. [[Tokyo]] is [[fire-bomb]]ed killing 100,000 citizens.
*[[March 16]] - World War II: The [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] ends but small pockets of Japanese resistance persist.
*[[March 17]] - World War II: [[Japan|Japanese]] city of [[Kobe]] is [[fire-bomb]]ed by 331 [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] bombers, killing over 8,000.
*[[March 18]] - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack [[Berlin]].
*[[March 19]] - World War II: [[Adolf Hitler]] orders that all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in [[Germany]] be destroyed.
*[[March 19]] - Off the coast of [[Japan]], bombers hit the [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Franklin (CV-13)|USS ''Franklin'']], killing 800 of her crew and crippling the ship.
*[[March 21]] - World War II: [[United Kingdom|British]] troops liberate [[Mandalay]], [[Burma]]
*[[March 22]] - The [[Arab League]] was formed with the adoption of a charter in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].
*[[March 30]] - World War II: [[Soviet Union]] forces invade [[Austria]] and take [[Vienna]].
* From [[February 14]], [[1936]], to [[March 1]], 1945, [[AG Weser]] launched a total of 162 [[U-boats]].
=== April ===
*[[April 1]] - [[World War II]]: [[United States]] troops land on [[Okinawa]] in the last campaign of the war. The [[Battle of Okinawa]] starts.
*[[April 4]] - World War II: American troops liberate [[Ohrdruf]] [[death camp]] in [[Germany]].
*[[April 7]] - World War II: The [[Japanese battleship Yamato|Japanese battleship ''Yamato'']] is sunk 200 miles north of [[Okinawa]] while in-route to a suicide mission.
*[[April 9]] - Abwehr conspirators [[Wilhelm Canaris]], [[Hans Oster]], and [[Hans Dohanyi]] are hanged at [[Flossenberg concentration camp]] along with pastor [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]].
*[[April 10]] - The [[Allied Forces]] liberated their first [[Nazi]] [[concentration camp]], [[Buchenwald]].
*[[April 12]] - [[United States President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] ([[1933]]-1945) dies in office; Vice President [[Harry S. Truman]] (1945-[[1953]]) takes the Oath of Office.
*[[April 16]] - World War II: The [[Goya (ship)|Goya]] sunk by the [[Soviet submarine L-3]].
*[[April 25]] - Founding negotiations of [[United Nations]] in [[San Francisco]]
*[[April 25]] - World War II: [[United States]] and [[Russia]]n troops link up at the [[Elbe River]], cutting [[Germany]] in two
*[[April 28]] - Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] and his mistress, [[Clara Petacci]], are hanged upside down by Italian partisans as they attempt to flee the country.
*[[April 30]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] and his wife of one day, [[Eva Braun]], commit suicide as [[Red Army]] approaches Führerbunker in [[Berlin]]. [[Karl Dönitz]] succeeds Hitler as [[President of Germany]]. [[Joseph Goebbels]] succeeds Hitler as [[Chancellor of Germany]].
=== May ===
*[[May 1]] - [[Joseph Goebbels]] and his wife commit suicide after killing their 6 children. Karl Dönitz appoints [[Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk]] as the new [[Chancellor of Germany]].
*[[May 2]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Soviet Union]] announces the [[Battle of Berlin|fall of Berlin]]. Soviet soldiers hoist the [[red flag]] over the [[Reichstag (building)|''Reichstag'' building]].
*[[May 2]] - World War II: Troops of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] 4th Army together with [[Slovenes|Slovene]] 9th Corpus NOV liberate [[Trieste]].
*[[May 3]] - World War II: Sinkings of the [[floating-jails]] [[Cap Arcona]], [[Thielbek]] and [[Deutschland IV (liner)|Deutschland]] by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] in the [[Lübeck]] Bay.
*[[May 3]] - Rocket scientist [[Wernher von Braun]] and 120 members of his team surrender to US forces. They later help start the US space program.
*[[May 4]] - World War II: Liberation of the [[concentration camp]] [[Neuengamme]] near [[Hamburg]] by the British army.
*[[May 4]] - World War II: Reddition of the North Germany army by Marshal [[Bernard Montgomery]].
*[[May 5]] - [[Ezra Pound]], poet and author, is arrested by American soldiers in [[Italy]] for treason.
*[[May 5]] - World War II: US armored unit liberates prisoners of [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] - including [[Simon Wiesenthal]]
*[[May 5]] - World War II: [[Canada|Canadian]] soldiers liberate the city of [[Amsterdam]] from [[Nazi]] occupation.
*[[May 6]] - World War II: [[Axis Sally]] delivers her last [[propaganda]] broadcast to [[Allies|Allied]] troops (first was on [[December 11]], [[1941]]).
*[[May 7]] - World War II: General [[Alfred Jodl]] signs unconditional surrender terms at [[Reims]], [[France]], ending [[Germany]]'s participation in the war. The document will take effect the next day.
*[[May 8]] - World War II: [[V-E Day]] (Victory in Europe, as [[Nazi Germany]] surrenders) commemorates the end of [[World War II]] in [[Europe]].
*[[May 8]] - World War II: British 8th Army together with Slovene partisan troops and motorized detachment of Yugoslav 4th Army arrives to [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] and [[Klagenfurt]].
* [[May 8]]-[[May 29|29]] - In [[Algeria]], French troops and released Italian POWs defeat rebellion of Algerians
*[[May 9]] - World War II: [[Hermann Göring]] is captured by the [[United States Army]]; [[Norway]] arrests [[Vidkun Quisling]]; [[Soviet Union]] marks [[V-E Day]].
*[[May 9]] - World War II: General [[Alexander Löhr]] Commander of German Army Group E near [[Topolsica|Topolšica]], [[Slovenia]], signs capitulation of German occupation troops.
*[[May 9]] - World War II: [[Alderney]], annex of the [[concentration camp]] [[Neuengamme]] liberated.
*[[May 15]] - the last battle of WWII at [[Poljana]] near [[Slovenj Gradec]], [[Slovenia]]
* [[May 23]] - [[President of Germany]] [[Karl Dönitz]] and [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk]] are arrested by [[United Kingdom | British]] forces at [[Flensburg]]. They would respectively be the last German [[Head of state]] and [[Prime Minister | Head of government]] until [[1949]].
*May 23 - [[Heinrich Himmler]], the head of the [[Nazi]] [[Gestapo]], commits suicide in British custody.
*[[May 25]] - In Atlantic, ships can finally keep their lights lit. Szilard begs [[Harry S. Truman]] not to use the bomb. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[May 28]] - [[William Joyce]], known as "[[Lord Haw-Haw]]" is captured. He is later charged with high treason in [[London]] for his English-language wartime broadcasts on German radio. He is hanged in January of 1946.
* [[May 29]] - Group of German communists, Ulbricht in the lead, arrive in [[Berlin]]
* [[May 30]] - [[Iran]]ian government demands that Soviet and British troops leave the country
=== June ===
*[[June 1]] - British take over [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]
*[[June 6]] - King [[Haakon VII of Norway]] returns to Norway
*[[June 11]] - [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] is reelected as Canadian prime minister. Franck Committee recommends against a surprise nuclear bombing of Japan. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[June 21]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Okinawa]] ends.
*[[June 24]] - World War II: Victory parade in [[Red Square]]
*[[June 25]] - [[Seán T. O'Kelly]] is elected the second [[President of Ireland]].
*[[June 26]] - [[United Nations]] charter signed.
=== July ===
*[[July 1]] - [[World War II]]: Germany is divided between Allied occupation forces
*[[July 5]] - World War II: Liberation of the [[Philippines]] declared.
*[[July 8]] - World War II: [[Harry S. Truman]] informed that [[Japan]] will talk peace if she can keep the Emperor. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[July 9]] - A [[forest fire]] breaks out in the [[Tillamook Burn]], the third fire in that area since 1933.
*[[July 16]] - [[Nuclear testing]]: The [[Trinity site|Trinity Test]], the first test of an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]], using 6 kilograms of [[plutonium]], succeeds in detonating, unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 19 kilotons of TNT.
*[[July 17]] - World War II: [[Potsdam Conference]] - At [[Potsdam]], the three main [[Allies | Allied]] leaders begin their final summit of the war. The meeting will end on [[August 2]].
*[[July 21]] - World War II: [[Harry S. Truman]] approves order for atomic bombs to be used. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[July 23]] - World War II: French marshall [[Philippe Pétain]], who headed the [[Vichy government]] during [[World War II]] goes on trial, charged with treason.
*[[July 26]] - [[Winston Churchill]] resigns as [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s prime minister after his [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] is soundly defeated by the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]. [[Clement Attlee]] becomes the new prime minister. Potsdam Declaration demands Japan's unconditional surrender; Article 12 permitting Japan to retain the Emperor had been deleted by Truman. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[July 28]] - An [[Army Air Force]] [[B-25]] bomber accidentally crashes into the [[Empire State Building]], killing 14 people.
*[[July 28]] - World War II: [[Japan]] rejects [[Potsdam Declaration]] [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html].
*[[July 29]] - The [[BBC Light Programme]] [[radio station]] was launched, aimed at [[mainstream]] light entertainment and [[music]].
*[[July 30]] - World War II: The [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35) |USS ''Indianapolis'']] is hit and sunk by the [[Japan]]ese submarine ''I 58''. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for 4 days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain [[Charles Butler MacVey III]] is later court-martialed.
*[[July 31]] - World War II: [[Pierre Laval]], fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies|Allied]] soldiers in Austria.
=== August ===
*[[August 6]] - [[World War II]]: The [[United States]] detonates an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]] nicknamed "[[Little Boy]]" on [[Hiroshima, Japan|Hiroshima]], [[Japan]] at 8:16 AM (local time).
*[[August 8]] - The [[United Nations Charter]] is ratified by the [[United States]], and that nation becomes the first to join the new international organization. Soviets declare war on Japan.
*[[August 9]] - [[World War II]]: The [[United States]] detonates an [[atomic bomb]] nicknamed "[[Fat Man]]" over the city of [[Nagasaki]], [[Japan]] at 11:02 AM (local time). [[World War II]]: The [[Soviet Union]] begins its offensive against Japan in the then Japanese controlled Chinese region of Manchuria. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1986/RMF.htm]
*[[August 10]] - [[World War II]]: US drops warning leaflets on Nagasaki. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[August 13]] - [[Zionism|Zionist]] World Congress approaches British government to talk about founding of [[Israel]].
*[[August 15]] - [[World War II]]: [[Imperial Japan]] surrenders, but retains the Emperor. The United States called this day [[V-J Day]] (Victory in Japan). This ends the period of [[Japanese expansionism]] and begins the period of [[Occupied Japan]].
* [[August 15]] - [[Korea]] gains independence following Japan's surrender
*[[August 17]] - [[Indonesia]]n nationalists [[Sukarno]] and [[Mohammed Hatta]] declare the independence of Republic of [[Indonesia]], Sukarno as a president. Dutch colonial authorities do not approve
*[[August 19]] - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Viet Minh]] led by [[Ho Chi Minh]] take power in [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]].
* End of August - [[Chinese Civil War]]: [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Chiang Kai-shek]] meet in [[Chongqing]] to discuss an end to hostilities between the [[Communist Party of China|Communists]] and the [[KMT|Nationalists]].
=== September ===
*[[September 2]] - [[World War II]] ends: The final official surrender of [[Japan]] was accepted by General [[Douglas MacArthur]] and Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]] from a delegation led by [[Mamoru Shigemitsu]], aboard the battleship [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|Missouri]] in Tokyo Bay. But in Japan [[August 14]] is well recognized as the day the [[Pacific War]] ended.
*[[September 2]] - [[Ho Chi Minh]] promulgates the [[Vietnam]]ese Declaration of Independence, and unity from the north to the south.
*[[September 4]] - World War II: [[Japan]]ese forces surrender on [[Wake Island]] after hearing word of their nation's surrender.
*[[September 5]] - [[Iva Toguri D'Aquino]], a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "[[Tokyo Rose]]," is arrested in [[Yokohama, Kanagawa|Yokohama]].
*[[September 8]] - US troops occupy southern [[Korea]], [[Russia]]ns occupy the north. This arrangement proves to be the beginning of a divided [[Korea]].
*[[September 8]] - [[Hideki Tojo]], Japanese prime minister during most of [[World War II]], attempts suicide to avoid facing a [[war crimes]] tribunal.
*[[September 20]] - [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] demand that British troops leave [[India]]
=== October ===
*[[October 1]] to [[October 15]] - Launch of three [[V-2 rocket|A4 rocket]]s near [[Cuxhaven]] in order to show Allied forces the rocket with liquid fuel ([[Operation Backfire]])
*[[October 10]] - Russian code clerk [[Igor Gouzenko]] defects to [[Canada]]. He helps the West gain an understanding of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spy rings in [[North America]].
*[[October 15]] - [[World War II]]: Former premier of [[Vichy France]], [[Pierre Laval]], is executed by [[firing squad]] for [[treason]].
*[[October 17]] - Colonel [[Juan Peron]] stages a [[coup d'état]], becoming ruler of [[Argentina]].
*[[October 18]] - The first German [[war crimes]] trial begins in [[Nuremberg]].
*[[October 21]] - [[Women's suffrage]]: Women are allowed to vote in [[France]] for the first time.
*[[October 23]] - [[Jackie Robinson]] signs a contract with the [[Montreal Royals]].
*[[October 24]] - [[United Nations]] founded.
* [[October 24]] - Execution of [[Vidkun Quisling]], leader of Norwegian nazis
*[[October 27]] - [[Indonesia]]n separatists riot and fight Dutch and British security forces
*[[October 29]] - [[Getulio Vargas]], president of [[Brazil]], resigns
*[[October 29]] - At [[Gimbels Department Store]] in [[New York City]] the first [[ballpoint pen]]s go on sale (price: $12.50 each).
=== November ===
*[[November 1]] - [[John H. Johnson]] publishes the first issue of [[Ebony Magazine]].
*[[November 13]] - [[Charles de Gaulle]] is elected president of [[France]].
*[[November 15]] - [[Harry S. Truman]], [[Clement Attlee]], and [[Mackenzie King]] call for a UN Atomic Energy Commission.[http://www.nuclearfiles.org/hitimeline/1945.html]
*[[November 16]] - [[Cold War]]: The [[United States]] controversially imports 88 [[Germany | German]] scientists to help in the production of [[rocket]] technology.
*[[November 20]] - [[Nuremberg Trials]] begin: Trials against 24 [[Nazi]] [[war crime|war criminals]] of [[World War II]] start at the [[Nuremberg Palace of Justice]].
*[[November 29]] - The [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] is declared (this day was celebrated as Republic Day until [[1990s]]). [[Marshal Tito]] is named president.
* November - Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the [[Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer]] ([[ENIAC]]), is completed. It covers 1800 feet of floor space. The first set of calculations is run on the computer.
=== December ===
*[[December 4]] - By a vote of 65 to 7, the [[United States Senate]] approves [[United States]] participation in the [[United Nations]] (the UN was established on [[October 24]], 1945).
*[[December 20]] - Gen. [[George S. Patton]] dies in a car accident at the age of 60.
* [[December 2]] - General [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]] elected president of [[Brazil]]
*[[December 27]] - Twenty-eight nations sign an agreement creating the [[World Bank]].
* December 27 - Terror strikes against British military bases in [[British mandate of Palestine|Palestine]].
=== Unknown date ===
*Foundation of the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]].
*Poland has two rival governments
*Discovery of [[Nag Hammadi]] scriptures
*Dutch painter [[Han van Meegeren]] is arrested for collaboration with Nazis but the paintings he had sold to [[Hermann Göring]] are found to be his fakes.
*[[Female suffrage]] in [[Guatemala]] and [[Japan]]
*[[Saskatchewan Government Insurance]], the first state-owned [[automobile insurance]] company in [[North America]], is created.
*[[Denmark]] recognizes independent [[Iceland]]
* US house of representatives calls for unrestricted Jewish immigration to [[Palestine]] in order to establish a Jewish commonwealth there
* Doctor [[Marcel Petiot]] kills 27 war refugee for their money
=== Ongoing events ===
*[[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)|Sino-Japanese War]] ([[1937]]–[[1945]])
== Year in topic ==
* [[1945 in film]]
**''[[The Lost Weekend]]''. Winner of [[Academy Award|Academy Awards]] for Best Picture; [[Ray Milland]], Best Actor; [[Billy Wilder]], Best Director, Best Screenplay
**''[[Mildred Pierce]]'' Winner of Academy Award for [[Joan Crawford]], Best Actress.
** [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Spellbound]]'', starring [[Ingrid Bergman]] and [[Gregory Peck]]
** With [[Roberto Rossellini|Rossellini]]'s ''Roma, Città aperta'', [[Italy|Italian]] [[Neorealism|neorealist]] [[film|cinema]] begins. The movie stars [[Anna Magnani]].
** [[Paramount Studios]] releases theatrical short [[cartoon]] titled "The Friendly Ghost", featuring ghost named [[Casper the Friendly Ghost|Casper]]
** [[Marcel Carne|Marcel Carné]] and [[Jacques Prevert|Jacques Prévert]]'s ''The Children of Paradise'' (''[[Les Enfants du Paradis]]'') is released following the liberation of France
* [[1945 in literature]]
* [[1945 in music]]
**[[Jazz]] pianist [[Oscar Peterson]], makes his first record for Victor
**Hit songs of 1945:
***"On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe" - [[Johnny Mercer]]
***"You Belong to My Heart" - [[Bing Crosby]] and [[Xavier Cugat]]Orch
***"Rum and Coca-Cola" - The [[Andrews Sisters]]
***"It Might as Well be Spring" - [[Dick Haymes]]
***"My Dreams are Getting Better All the Time" - [[Doris Day]] and [[Les Brown]]
**[[Bebop]] begins to emerge as popular style of jazz to contrast music of the [[big band|big bands]]. Development of bebop is attributed in large part to trumpeter [[Dizzy Gillespie]] and alto saxophonist [[Charlie Parker]]
* [[1945 in rail transport]]
* [[1945 in sports]]
**[[Toronto Maple Leafs]] win [[Stanley Cup]]
**[[Detroit Tigers]] win [[World Series]]
* [[1945 in television]]
== Science and Technology ==
*[[Arthur C. Clarke]] puts forward idea of a communications [[satellite]] in a ''Wireless World'' magazine article
*At [[Mayo Clinic]], [[streptomycin]] first used to treat [[tuberculosis]]
*[[Percy Spencer]] accidentally discovers that microwaves can heat food. Invention of [[microwave oven]] follows.
*[[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], and [[Newburgh, New York]] become the first cities to add fluoride to drinking water
*The first nuclear reactor outside of the U.S. is built in [[Chalk River]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].
*High-altitude west-to-east winds across [[Pacific]], discovered by Japanese in [[1942]] and by Americans in 1944, are dubbed "[[jet stream]]"
*[[Salvador Edward Luria]] and [[Alfred Day Hershey]] independently recognize that [[virus|viruses]] undergo [[mutation|mutations]]
*[[Herbicide]] 2,4-D is introduced. Later used as a component of [[Agent Orange]]
*Team led by [[Charles DuBois Coryell]] discovers [[element]] 61, the only one still missing between 1 and 96 on [[Periodic Table]]. New element is called [[promethium]]
== Births ==
=== January-February ===
* [[January 3]] - [[Stephen Stills]] ([[Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young]]), singer, songwriter
* January 3 - [[Victoria Principal]], actress
* [[January 10]] - [[Rod Stewart]], singer
* [[January 19]] - [[Maria Jespen]], theologian
* [[January 26]] - [[Jacqueline Du Pre|Jacqueline du Pré]], [[cello]] player (d. [[1987]])
* [[January 27]] - [[Nick Mason]], musician of [[Pink Floyd]]
* [[January 28]] - [[Marthe Keller]], actress
* [[January 29]] - [[Tom Selleck]], actor (''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'')
* [[January 30]] - [[Michael Dorris]], author (d. [[1997]])
* [[February 3]] - [[Bob Griese]], [[Football Hall of Fame]]r
* [[February 5]] - [[Charlotte Rampling]], actress
* [[February 6]] - [[Bob Marley]], [[Jamaica]]n [[roots reggae|roots rock reggae]] singer and musician (d. [[1981]])
* [[February 7]] - [[Pete Postlethwaite]], actor
* [[February 9]] - [[Mia Farrow]], actress
* [[February 14]] - Prince [[Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein]]
* [[February 17]] - [[Brenda Fricker]], actress
* [[February 24]] - [[Barry Bostwick]], actor
* [[February 28]] - [[Bubba Smith]], [[American football]] player, actor (''[[Police Academy]]'')
=== March-April ===
* [[March 1]] - [[Dirk Benedict]], [[film|movie]] and [[television]] actor (''[[The A-Team]]'')
* [[March 7]] - [[John Heard]], actor
* [[March 8]] - [[Jim Chapman]], American politician
* March 8 - [[Micky Dolenz]], actor, director, musician ("[[The Monkees]]")
* March 8 - [[Anselm Kiefer]], painter
* [[March 19]] - [[Cem Karaca]], Turkish rock musician
* [[March 22]] - [[Paul Schockemohle|Paul Schockemöhle]], equestrian
* [[March 29]] - [[Walt Frazier]], [[basketball]] player
* [[March 30]] - [[Eric Clapton]], [[blues]] [[guitarist]]
* [[April 2]] - [[Linda Hunt]], actress
* [[April 4]] - [[Daniel Cohn-Bendit]], political activist
* [[April 9]] - [[Peter Gammons]], [[baseball]] [[sportswriter]], journalist
* [[April 13]] - [[Bob Kalsu]], [[American football]] player (d. [[1970]])
* [[April 27]] - [[August Wilson]], playwright
=== May-July ===
* [[May 4]] - [[Narasinham Ram]], journalist
* [[May 6]] - [[Bob Seger]], [[Rock and roll|rock music]] singer
* May 6 - [[Jimmie Dale Gilmore]], musician
* [[May 8]] - [[Keith Jarrett]], [[jazz]] musician
* [[May 13]] - [[Magic Dick]], musician ([[The J. Geils Band]])
* [[May 15]] - [[Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza]] presumptive heir to Portuguese crown
* [[May 17]] - [[Tony Roche]], [[Australia]]n [[tennis]] player
* [[May 19]] - [[Pete Townshend]], guitarist, lyricist
* [[May 21]] - [[Ernst Messerschmid]], physicist and astronaut
* [[May 28]] - [[John Fogerty]], singer
* [[May 31]] - [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]], director
* [[June 1]] - [[Frederica von Stade]], American mezzo-soprano
* [[June 12]] - [[Pat Jennings]], football player
* [[June 15]] - Her Royal Highness [[Princess Michael of Kent]]
* [[June 17]] - [[Art Bell]] - radio talk show host
* June 17 - [[Eddy Merckx]], Belgian cycling champion
* June 17 - [[Anupam Kher]], actor, [[India]]
* [[June 19]] - [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], Myanmar poet, politician and Nobel peace laureate
* [[June 25]] - [[Carly Simon]], singer, songwriter
* [[July 7]] - [[Michael Ancram]] (Michael Kerr, Earl of Ancram), British politician
* [[July 8]] - [[Micheline Calmy-Rey]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]]
* [[July 9]] - [[Dean R. Koontz]], [[fiction]] [[author]]
* [[July 15]] - [[Jürgen Möllemann]], German politician (d. [[2003]])
* [[July 24]] - [[Azim Premji]], Indian businessman
* [[July 28]] - [[Jim Davis (cartoonist)|Jim Davis]], cartoonist
* [[July 28]] - [[Richard Wright (musician)|Richard Wright]], [[keyboard]] player with [[Pink Floyd]]
=== August-November ===
* [[August 7]] - [[Alan Page]], [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]r
* [[August 9]] - [[Posy Simmonds]], cartoonist
* [[August 14]] - [[Steve Martin]], actor and comedian
* [[August 15]] - [[Mahamandaleshwar Paramhans Swami Maheshwarananda]], [[Hindu]] [[Guru]]
* [[August 31]] - [[Van Morrison]], musician
* August 31 - [[Itzhak Perlman]], Israeli violinist
* [[September 3]] - [[Aldo Moro]], Italian politician
* [[September 8]] - [[Jose Feliciano]], singer
* [[September 15]] - [[Jessye Norman]], American soprano
* [[October 12]] - [[Aurore Clément]], French actress
* [[October 15]] - [[Jim Palmer]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r
* [[October 25]] - [[David Schramm]], [[astrophysicist]]
* [[October 27]] - [[Luís Inácio Lula da Silva]], Brazilian President
* [[October 30]] - [[Henry Winkler]], actor (''[[Happy Days]]'')
* [[November 5]] - [[Jacques Lanctôt]], [[FLQ]] terrorist
* [[November 12]] - [[Neil Young]], ([[Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young]]), singer, songwriter
* [[November 15]] - [[Anni-Frid Lyngstad]], [[Norway|Norwegian]] singer
* [[November 26]] - [[Daniel Davis]], actor (''[[The Nanny]]'')
* November 26 - [[John McVie]], musician
== Deaths ==
=== January-March ===
* [[January 3]] - [[Edgar Cayce]], psychic, "exhaustion"
* [[January 22]] - [[Else Lasker-Schuler]], poet
* [[January 31]] - [[Eddie Slovik]], American soldier
* [[February 5]] - [[Lilian Rolfe]], [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent executed by the Nazis
* February 5 - [[Violette Szabo]], [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent executed by the Nazis
* February 5 - [[Denise Bloch]], [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent executed by the Nazis
* [[February 11]] - [[Al Dubin]], Swiss songwriter
* February 11 - [[J. S. H. Lokerman]], Dutch resistance fighter
* [[February 17]] - [[Gabrielle Weidner]], Belgian heroine of World War II
* [[February 21]] - [[Eric Liddell]], Scottish runner
* [[March]] - [[Anne Frank]], at [[Bergen-Belsen]] [[concentration camp]], [[typhus]]
* [[March 1]] - [[Umenosuke Bessho]], Japanese writer (b. [[1871]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Emily Carr]], artist
* [[March 18]] - [[William Grover-Williams]], Grand Prix motor racing driver/war hero
* [[March 19]] - [[Friedrich Fromm]], [[Nazi]] official
* [[March 23]] - [[Elisabeth de Rothschild]], executed by the [[Nazis]]
* [[March 26]] - [[David Lloyd George]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]
* [[March 30]] - [[Elise Rivet]], Roman Catholic nun and war hero
=== April-August ===
*[[April 9]] - [[Wilhelm Canaris]], head of the German [[Abwehr]], hanged for treason
* [[April 9]] - [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], theologian in [[Nazi Germany]]
* [[April 12]] - United States President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], massive stroke
* [[April 18]] - [[Ernie Pyle]], American journalist, sniper fire
* [[April 28]] - [[Benito Mussolini]], Italian dictator, hanged
* [[April 30]] - [[Adolf Hitler]], German dictator and [[Nazi]] party leader, suicide
* [[May 1]] - [[Cecily Lefort]] [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent, WW II heroine, executed by the Nazis
* [[May 1]] - [[Joseph Goebbels]], [[Nazi]] propagandist, suicide
* [[May 14]] - [[Heber J. Grant]], president of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (b. [[1856]])
* [[May 15]] - [[Charles Williams]], British author
* [[May 23]] - [[Heinrich Himmler]], head of the [[Nazi]] [[Gestapo]], suicide
* [[June 15]] - [[Nikola Avramov]], painter (b. [[1897]])
* [[July 5]] - [[John Curtin]], fourteenth [[Prime Minister of Australia]]
* [[August 2]] - [[Pietro Mascagni]], Italian composer
* [[August 9]] - [[Harry Hillman]], American athlete
* [[August 10]] - [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]], American rocket scientist
* [[August 31]] - [[Stefan Banach]], [[Poland|Polish]] mathematician
=== September-December ===
* [[September 15]] - [[Anton Webern]], [[Austria]]n [[composer]]
* [[September 24]] - [[Johannes Hans Geiger]], inventor of the [[Geiger counter]]
* [[September 26]] - [[Béla Bartók]], aged 64, Hungarian composer
* [[October 13]] - [[Milton Hershey]], chocolate tycoon
* [[October 15]] - [[Pierre Laval]], former Vichy French premier, firing squad
* [[October 19]] - [[N.C. Wyeth]], illustrator
* [[October 24]] - [[Vidkun Quisling]], [[Norway|Norwegian]] politician, famous traitor, executed
* [[November 11]] - [[Jerome Kern]], composer
* [[November 21]] - [[Robert Benchley]], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', humorist, theatre critic, actor
* [[December 4]] - [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]], [[biologist]]
* [[December 20]] - General [[George S. Patton]], car accident
* [[December 28]] - [[Theodore Dreiser]], author
== [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Prizes]] ==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Wolfgang Pauli]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] - Sir [[Alexander Fleming]], [[Ernst Boris Chain]], Sir [[Howard Walter Florey]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Gabriela Mistral]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Cordell Hull]]
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