History of Burgundy and Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brede Et de Montesquieu: Difference between pages

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#redirect[[Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu]]

:''This page is about the region of France. For the wine, see [[Burgundy wine]].

{{Infobox French Région |

native_name = Région Bourgogne |

common_name = Burgundy |

image_flag = FlagofBurgundy.png |

capital = [[Dijon]] |

area = 31,582 |

Regional president = [[François Patriat]] |

population_census = 1,610,067 |

population_census_year = 1999 |

population_estimate = 1,616,000 |

population_estimate_year = 2004 |

population_density = 51 |

arrondissements = 15 |

cantons = 174 |

communes = 2,045 |

départements = [[Yonne]]<br>[[Côte-d'Or]]<br>[[Nièvre]]<br>[[Saône-et-Loire]] |

image_map = Carte Localisation Région France Bourggne.png |

|}}

|}}

'''Burgundy''' ([[French language|French]]: '''''Bourgogne''''') is a historic region of [[France]], inhabited in turn by [[Celts]], [[Gauls]], [[ancient Rome|Romans]] and [[Gallo-Roman]]s, and various [[Germanic peoples]], most importantly the [[Burgundians]] and the [[Franks]]. Burgundy was a [[provinces of France|province of France]] until [[1790]], and is now an administrative [[list of regions in France|région]].

== History ==

The [[Burgundian]]s were one of the [[Germanic people]]s who filled the power vacuum left by the [[collapse]] of the western half of the [[Roman empire]]. In [[411]], they crossed the [[Rhine]] and established a kingdom at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. Amidst repeated clashes between the Romans and [[Huns]], the Burgundian kingdom eventually occupied what is today the borderlands between [[Switzerland]], France, and [[Italy]]. In [[534]], the [[Franks]] defeated [[Godomar]], the last Burgundian king, and absorbed the territory into their growing empire.

Its modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish empire. When the dynastic dust had settled in [[880s]], there were three Burgundies: the kingdom of Upper Burgundy around [[Lake Geneva]], the kingdom of Lower Burgundy in [[Provence]], and the duchy of Burgundy in France. The two kingdoms of Burgundy were reunited in [[937]] and absorbed into the [[Holy Roman Empire]] under [[Conrad II]] in [[1032]], while the duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French throne in [[1004]].

During the [[Middle Ages]], Burgundy was the seat of some of the most important Western churches and [[monastery|monasteries]], among them [[Cluny]], [[Citeaux]], and [[Vézelay]].

During the [[Hundred Years' War]], [[John II of France|King Jean II of France]] gave the duchy to his younger son, rather than leaving it to his successor on the throne. The duchy soon became a major rival to the French throne, because the Dukes of Burgundy succeeded in assembling an empire stretching from [[Switzerland]] to the [[North Sea]], mostly by marriage. The Burgundian Empire consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolical) border between the French kingdom and the German Empire. Its economic heartland was in the [[Low Countries]], particularly [[Flanders]] and [[Brabant]]. The court in [[Dijon]] outshone the French court by far both economically and culturally.

In the late [[15th century|15th]] and early [[16th century|16th]] centuries, Burgundy provided a power base for the rise of the [[Habsburg|Habsburgs]], after [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian of Austria]] had married into the ducal family. In [[1477]] the last duke [[Charles the Bold]] was killed in battle and Burgundy itself taken back by France. His daughter Mary and her husband Maximillian moved the court to [[Brussels]] and ruled the remnants of the empire (the Low Countries and Franche-Comté, then still a German fief) from there.

See also: [[Duke of Burgundy]]

== Wine ==

''Main article: [[Burgundy wine]]''

Burgundy produces [[Burgundy wine|famous wine]]s of the same name. The most well-known wines come from the Côte d'Or, although also viticulturally part of Burgundy are [[Beaujolais]], [[Chablis]], and [[Mâcon]].

== Geography ==

Highest point: [[Haut-Folin]] (901m) in the [[Morvan]].

The [[Canal of Burgundy]] joins the Rivers [[Yonne River|Yonne]] and [[Saône]], allowing barges to navigate from the north to south of France. Construction began in 1765 and was completed in 1832. At the summit there is a tunnel 3.333 kilometer long in a straight line. The canal is 242 kilomtres long, with a total 209 locks and crosses two counties of Burgundy, the Yonne and Cote d'Or. The canal is now mostly used for [[riverboat]] tourism; [[Dijon]], the most important city along the canal, has a harbor for leisure boats.

== Culture ==

Famous Burgundian dishes include [[coq au vin]] and [[beef bourguignon]].

== External links ==

*[http://www.cr-bourgogne.fr Regional Council website] (in French)

{{Regions_of_France}}

[[Category:French wine regions]]

[[Category:Burgundy|*]]

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