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:'''''F1''' redirects here. For other uses of the abbreviation, see [[F1 (disambiguation)]].''
'''Longhorn''' is [[Microsoft]]'s [[codename]] (for a full list see ''[[Microsoft codenames]]'') for the next version of its [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] [[operating system]], to follow on from [[Windows XP#Service Pack 3 (pending)|Windows XP SP3]] [http://news.com.com/Reversal+Next+IE+update+divorced+from+Windows/2100-1032_3-5577263.html?tag=nl] and [[Windows Server 2003]]. It was originally expected to ship sometime early in [[2006]] as a minor step between [[Windows XP|Whistler]] and [[Windows Blackcomb]] (Longhorn is a name of a [[sports bar]] at the [[Whistler-Blackcomb]] [[ski resort]]).
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| [[Image:Formula One race.jpg|thumb|215px|Cars jockey for position during the [[2004 Monaco Grand Prix|2004]] [[Monaco Grand Prix]], one of the nineteen annual Formula One races]]
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{{Formula One}}
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'''Formula One''', abbreviated to '''F1''' and also known as '''Grand Prix racing''', is the highest class of single-seat [[open-wheel]] [[formula racing|formula]] [[auto racing]]. It is a worldwide [[sport]], involving an annual World Drivers Championship and World Constructors Championship, and is the most expensive sport in the world, as annual team budgets average in the hundreds of millions of [[United States dollar|US dollars]]. It is based around a series of races (19 in [[2005 Formula One season|2005]]), known as ''grands prix'', on custom-constructed road courses or closed-off street circuits.
Gradually, Longhorn assimilated many important new features and technologies of Blackcomb. On [[August 27]], [[2004]], Microsoft announced that they are delaying release of [[WinFS]] so that Longhorn could be released in "a reasonable timeframe" (officially marked as [[December]] of [[2006]]). Two [[beta version]]s have been planned, the first expected to debut in Q2 2005 and the second in Q4 2005, with [[release candidate]]s to be released throughout 2006.
The sport has traditionally been centred in [[Europe]], which undoubtedly remains its leading market, but races have also been held in the [[Americas]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Australia]]. New races in [[Bahrain]] and [[China]], one planned for [[2005]] in [[Turkey]], and others discussed for [[Mexico]], [[India]], [[Russia]] and [[South Africa]] have reinforced the sport's "worldwide" image.
Longhorn is currently available as a preview release available to [[MSDN|Microsoft Developer Network]] (MSDN) subscribers, and at select Microsoft developer conferences. The preview release is classified as an [[Alpha version|alpha]] version at the moment, and as such its performance and feature sets are not necessarily representative of the release product. As with many products (including all Windows releases since 98) it has since been leaked onto popular [[file sharing]] networks.
The sport is regulated by the FIA, [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]], and is generally promoted and controlled by [[Bernie Ecclestone]].
== History Technologies==
Microsoft labels the key new technologies as "The Pillars of Longhorn", which are:
[[Image:Fangio_moss_monza.jpg|thumbnail|200px|[[Juan Manuel Fangio|Fangio]] and [[Stirling Moss|Moss]] at [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]] in [[1955]]]]
* '''Fundamentals''': new developments to the basic structure of the operating system including the [[Microsoft .NET|.NET]] framework, further support for [[digital rights management]] (DRM), an application deployment engine ("[[ClickOnce]]"), improvements to the installation of applications (Windows Installer/MSI 4.0), and the Trustworthy Computing initiative, previously known as Pallidium, see also ([[trusted computing]]).
''Main Article: [[History of Formula One]]''<br>
* '''[[Avalon (API) | Avalon]]''': a new [[user interface]] subsystem and [[Application programming interface|API]] based on [[XML]], .NET, and [[vector graphics]], which will make use of [[3D computer graphics]] hardware and [[Direct3D]] technologies. See [[Windows Graphics Foundation]].
''See [[List of Formula One Grands Prix]] for results from past seasons and individual races.''
* '''[[Indigo (messaging system) | Indigo]]''': a service-oriented messaging system to allow programs to interoperate as part of the .NET framework.
* '''[[WinFX]]''': a new API to allow access to these new features, replacing the current "Win32" API (see [[Windows API]]).
It is worth noting that Avalon, Indigo, and WinFX are technologies that will be made available to [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Server 2003]] as well, and are therefore not technologies to be exclusive to Longhorn, but rather developed in time for the Longhorn release, to be incorporated in that operating system. This doesn't imply coming visual changes to these operating systems though, as Aero will still be exclusive to Longhorn. The reason for [[backporting]] these technologies is to allow an easier introduction to these technologies to developers and end users.
March 26th Microsoft released a Community Preview featuring both Avalon and Indigo to enable developers to experiment with the new technologies without running the Alpha version of Longhorn. Due to many requests it was released to the general public and is available at Microsoft's website [http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=85ab132b-f1aa-4422-b053-272d79863013&DisplayLang=en].
Historically, the Formula One series evolved from the European [[Grand Prix motor racing]] (''q.v.'' for pre-[[1947]] history) of the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]]. A number of European racing organizations laid out rules for a World Championship before [[World War II]], but due to the suspension of racing during the war, the drivers championship was not formalized until [[1947]], and first run in [[1950]]; a championship for constructors followed in [[1958]]. Non-championship Formula One races were held for many years, but due to rising costs and sinking interest, the last of these ended in the early [[1980s]].
=== Early years =Features==
Additionally, Longhorn will include many other new features.
[[image:rntbrm3litergp.jpg|thumb|Cover of [[Road & Track]] magazine, showing a [[BRM]] H16 Formula One engine in car]]
[[Giuseppe Farina]] won the first World Championship in his [[Alfa Romeo]] in [[1950]], barely beating team-mate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. However, Fangio won the title in [[1951]] and four more in [[1954]] through [[1957]], his streak interrupted by two-time champion [[Alberto Ascari]] of [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]. Though [[Stirling Moss]] was able to compete with him regularly, Fangio is remembered for dominating Formula One's first decade.
===Aero===
The first major technological development, [[Cinquemani]]'s introduction of mid-engined cars, occurred in the [[1950s]]; [[Jack Brabham]], champion in [[1959]] and [[1960]], soon proved the new design's superiority, and it quickly and permanently replaced the front-mounted engine model.
Longhorn will include a completely re-designed user interface, code-named ''Aero''. The new interface is intended to be cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing than previous Windows interfaces. The most visible addition to the interface is the ''sidebar'', an area at the side of the screen consisting of ''tiles'' which display dynamic information about whatever window is currently in the foreground, which is essentially an extension of the "system tray" on the Windows [[task bar]]. Note that the sidebar had been removed as part of the WinHEC 2005 release (Build 5048).
===Search===
The first [[United Kingdom|British]] World Champion was [[Mike Hawthorn]], who drove a Ferrari to the title in [[1958]]; however, when [[Colin Chapman]] entered F1 as a chassis designer and later founder of [[Lotus (car)|Lotus]], [[British racing green]] came to dominate the field for the next decade. Between [[Jim Clark]], [[Jackie Stewart]], [[Jack Brabham]], [[Graham Hill]], and [[Denny Hulme]], British teams and [[commonwealth]] drivers won twelve world championships between [[1962]] and [[1973]].
Longhorn will feature a new search engine which will allow for instant display of results for a given search. This is in contrast to the search engine of Windows XP, which can take several minutes to display results. The Longhorn search will allow you to add multiple filters to continually refine your search (Such as "File contains the word 'example'"). There will also be saved searches which will act as [[Virtual Folders]], where opening a folder will execute a specific search automatically and display the results as a normal folder. The search will also feature other usability improvements. The Longhorn search is actually built on an expanded and improved version of the indexing service for the search in Windows XP.
===Metro===
In [[1962]], the Lotus team introduced a car with aluminium sheet chassis called a [[monocoque]] in place of the traditional tubular chassis; this proved to be the next major technological breakthrough since the introduction of rear-engined cars. In [[1968]], Lotus painted [[Imperial Tobacco]] livery on their cars, thus introducing [[sponsor|sponsorship]] to the sport. It has since become the teams' biggest source of income by far, and [[cigarette]] manufacturers remain a major and controversial financial resource for Formula One.
Metro is the codename for Microsoft's next generation document format, which is based on XML. It is similar in many ways to [[Adobe Systems]]' [[PDF]]. Metro is intended to allow users to view, print, and archive files without the original program that created it. The name Metro also refers to the print path in Longhorn. With Metro, documents can remain in the same format from the time they are created to the time they are printed. Microsoft states that Metro will provide better fidelity to the original document by using a consistent format for both screen and print output.
While many analysts suspect Metro is intended to be a "PDF-killer," Microsoft insists that they are not attempting to duplicate all the functionality of the PDF. For example, at the time of this writing, Metro is not planned to have the capabilities for dynamic documents.
Aerodynamic [[downforce]] had slowly gained importance in car design since the appearance of [[aerofoil]]s in the late [[1960s]]. In the late [[1970s]] Lotus introduced [[ground effect]] aerodynamics that provided enormous downforce and greatly increased cornering speeds.
===Other Features===
The formation of the [[Federation Internationale du Sport Automobile]] in [[1979]] set off the [[FISA-FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president [[Jean Marie Balestre]] clashed with the [[Formula One Constructors Association]] over television profits.
* Full support for the "[[NX bit|NX]]" (No-Execute) feature of processors. This feature, present in [[AMD]]'s [[AMD64]] architecture, as well as [[Intel]]'s [[EM64T]] Architecture, can flag certain parts of memory as containing data instead of executable code, which prevents overflow errors from resulting in arbitrary code execution. This should not be confused with [[trusted computing]] facilities provided by a so-called ''[[Fritz-chip]]''.
* Built-in [[DVD]] recording capabilities, including [[Mount Rainier (packet writing)|Mt. Rainier]] support.
* A new installation program that will install Longhorn in about 15 minutes (which is present in alpha build 4074 of Windows Longhorn).
* Native Raw Image support (As used by most digital cameras).
* Native, embedded RSS support, with developer API.
* Some level of file encryption support, which will prevent unauthorized viewing of files on stolen laptops/hard drives.
* The "My" prefixes will be dropped, so "My Documents" will just be "Documents", "My Computer" will just be "Computer", etc.
==Technologies/Features Delayed until future release==
=== Rise in popularity ===
* '''[[WinFS]]''' (short for either ''Windows Future Storage'' or ''Windows File System''): a combined [[relational database]] and [[filesystem]], based on the next version of [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server]] (codenamed ''Yukon''). Working on top of [[NTFS]], it will provide abilities to represent objects and their relationships, rather than just a hierarchy of files and folders. The removal of WinFS from Windows Longhorn was announced in August 2004, and is expected to be released as an update to Longhorn, entering beta stages at about the same time as Longhorn is released, but also will be ported to Windows XP to help end users along with the transition phase to Longhorn. Microsoft's promotion of this technology has spurred the recent trend towards [[desktop search]] tools.
[[1981 Formula One season|1981]] saw the signing of the first [[Concorde Agreement]], a contract which bound the teams to compete until its expiration and assured them a share of the profits from the sale of television rights, bringing an end to the [[FISA-FOCA war]] and contributing to [[Bernie Ecclestone]]'s eventual complete financial control of the sport.
* '''[[MSH (shell)|Monad]]''' A new [[command-line interface]] called ''[[MSH (shell)|MSH]]'', and codenamed ''Monad'' will not be fully implemented in Longhorn, but will exist in it to some extent. It plans to combine the Unix [[pipes and filters]] philosophy with that of [[object-oriented programming]].
The [[FIA]] permanently banned [[Colin Chapman]]'s [[ground effect]] aerodynamics in [[1983 Formula One season|1983]]. By then, however, turbocharged engines, which [[Renault Sport|Renault]] had pioneered in 1977 with their RS01 car, were producing over 1000 [[bhp]] (750 [[kilowatt|kW]]) and were essential to be competitive. These cars were and still are the most powerful [[open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever, but to reduce speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity and boost pressures before banning turbochargers in [[1989 Formula One season|1989]].
==Graphics hardware requirements==
In the early 1990s, teams started introducing electronic driver aids such as [[power steering]], [[traction]] control, and semi-automatic [[gearbox]]es. Some were borrowed from contemporary road cars; some, like active suspension, were primarily developed for the track and later made their way to the showroom. The FIA, due to complaints that technology was determining the outcome of races more than driver skill, banned many such aids in [[1994 Formula One season|1994]].
Longhorn's graphics requirements are defined in relation to the different desktop experiences.
===Aero Glass===
The teams signed a second Concorde Agreement in [[1992]] and a third in [[1997]], which is due to expire on the last day of [[2007]].
This graphics mode adds support for 3D graphics, animation and visual special effects in addition to the features offered by Aero Express.
*Intended for mainstream and high-end graphics cards.
*At least 64 MB of graphics memory, 128 MB recommended, or 256 MB for 1600x1200+.
*At least 32 [[bits per pixel]].
*3D hardware acceleration with capabilities equal to [[DirectX]] 9.
*A memory bandwidth of 2 GB / second.
*Capable of drawing ~1.5M triangles / second, one window being ~150 triangles.
*A graphics card that uses AGP 4X or PCI Express 8-lane bus.
Although this may appear expensive by today's standards, it is likely that such a configuration will be entry-level or lower by Longhorn's release.
===Aero Diamond===
On the track, the [[Team McLaren|McLaren]] and [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] teams dominated the late 1980s and 1990s. [[Renault]]-powered Williams drivers [[Nigel Mansell]], [[Alain Prost]], [[Damon Hill]], [[Jacques Villeneuve]] and [[Nelson Piquet]] (the latter with a [[Honda]]-powered machine, in 1987) won several world championships, as did McLaren's [[Niki Lauda]], Alain Prost, [[Ayrton Senna]], and [[Mika Häkkinen]]. The rivalry between racing legends Senna and Prost became F1's central focus in [[1988 Formula One season|1988]], and continued until Senna's death in a crash at the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix]], after which the [[FIA]] vowed to improve the sport's safety standards; since that weekend, no driver has died on the track during a race.
A graphics mode customized for the Longhorn Media Center Edition, and will not be made available in the other editions.
===Aero Express===
Drivers from McLaren, Williams and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], dubbed the "Big Three", have won all but two World Championships since [[1984]]; their streak was interrupted only by [[Michael Schumacher]]'s two titles with [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the cost to compete in Formula One rose dramatically; this increased financial burden, combined with three teams' dominance, caused the poorer independent teams to struggle not only to remain competitive, but to stay in business. Financial troubles forced several teams to withdraw, the most recent examples being [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]] and [[Arrows]] during the [[2002 Formula One season|2002 season]].
The lesser Aero visual experience offering only the basic visual improvements introduced by Longhorn, such as composition based DPI scaling.
*Intended for mainstream or lower-end graphics cards.
*Uses the Avalon Desktop Composition window manager.
*A Longhorn Driver Display Model (LDDM) driver is a requirement.
===To Modern F1 Go===
The new Longhorn look & feel without any visual special effects, similar to the visual style Luna of Windows XP in that it resembles merely an application [[skin (computing)|skin]]. As with Luna, no additional hardware requirements compared to the classic Windows interface.
[[Image:F1 logo.png|thumb|130px|The official Formula One logo]]
*A simple option for consumer upgrades, and mobile / low-cost devices.
The early [[2000s]] have been dominated by [[Michael Schumacher]] and a resurgent Ferrari, whilst several driver aids returned due in part to rumours that teams were able to evade the restrictions.
*No additional requirements compared to the lesser Classic mode.
*Fallback mode in case the hardware requirements for Aero aren't met.
===Classic===
During the early 2000s, Bernie Ecclestone's [[Formula One Administration]] created a number of trademarks and an official website for the sport ([http://www.formula1.com/ formula1.com]) in an attempt to give it a corporate identity. Ecclestone experimented with a digital television package, known as [[Bernievision]], by which a fan could purchase an entire F1 season, but after poor viewing figures in [[2002]] the program was discontinued.
The most basic user interface offered by Longhorn, which is also seen in [[Windows 2000]], or [[Windows XP]] with its visual style Luna deactivated.
* An option for corporate deployments and upgrades.
* Requires Windows XP Display Driver Model (XPDM) or LDDM drivers.
* No graphics card hardware requirements exceeding those of Windows XP.
==References==
Currently,in the 2005 season Ferrari has yet to win a race. Many theorise this is because of their use of [[Bridgestone]] tires (all other teams use [[Michelin]]). [[Renault]] is dominating with the spectacular performance of [[Fernando Alonso]] and Kimi Raikkonen.
*[http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/display/graphics-reqs.mspx Graphics Hardware and Drivers for "Longhorn"] – Version as of April, 2004; retrieved June 10, 2004
also this year has shown the suprise Toyota and Red Bull Racing packages and a nasty suprise for BAR who got banned for an underweight car in Imola, they returned at the Nurburgring but didnt do so well.
*Microsoft (August 27, 2004). [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/Aug04/08-27Target2006PR.asp Microsoft Announces 2006 Target Date for Availability Of "Longhorn"]. Press Release. Retrieved November 30, 2004.
==External links==
== Racing and strategy ==
*[http://msdn.microsoft.com/longhorn Microsoft Longhorn Developer Center] -- Developer information on Longhorn at [[MSDN]].
[[Image:BAR pitstop.jpg|thumb|230px|The [[British American Racing|BAR]] team executes a [[pit stop]], refueling [[Jenson Button]]'s car and changing its tyres at the [[2004]] [[French Grand Prix]]]]
**[http://msdn.microsoft.com/Longhorn/understanding/pillars/default.aspx The Pillars of Longhorn]
''Main Articles: [[Formula One racing]], [[Formula One regulations]]''
**[http://longhorn.msdn.microsoft.com Microsoft Longhorn SDK] -- Documentation of the Longhorn APIs made public so far at [[MSDN]].
*[http://www.winsupersite.com/longhorn/ Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows] -- Detailed information regarding Longhorn, including screenshots.
**[http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/pdc2003.asp PDC 2003 Section] -- Information regarding Longhorn build 4051, released at PDC 2003.
*[http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/guidebook/interfaces/windows/longhorn GUIdebook: Windows Longhorn Gallery] - A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
*[http://www.longhornblogs.com/ Longhorn Blogs] -- Non-corporate, community-based initiative of Microsoft's next version of Windows
*[http://www.longhornbuzz.com/ Longhorn Buzz] -- Non-corporate, community-based forums dedicated to Microsoft's next version of Windows
*[http://www.windowslonghorn.net/ Longhorn News] -- Non-corporate, community-based news site, dedicated to Longhorn news.
**[http://www.windowslonghorn.net/modules.php?set_albumName=WindowsBetas&op=modload&name=gallery&file=index&include=view_album.php Gallery Section] -- Screenshots from development versions of Longhorn.
{{History of Windows}}
A Formula One Grand Prix event spans an entire weekend, beginning with two free practices on Friday, and two free practices on Saturday. After these practice sessions, a qualifying session determines a driver’s position on the starting grid for Sunday’s race. For this qualifying session, held on Saturday, drivers set a timed "flying lap" on the empty track with a race fuel load. The drivers take off from the pits within a minute off each other. The start order for the qualifying lap is determined by the previous race’s finish order, with the winning driver of the last race going last. For the first qualifying session of the season the previous year’s championship standing will determine the order. At the end of this session cars are held within the ''parc fermé'' and no refueling is allowed until after the start of the race. Teams have to thus plan the optimum fuel load having both the qualifying and the race in mind. The grid order for the race is determined based on the best time from the qualifying session.
[[Category:Microsoft Windows|Longhorn]]
In the past it was common for slower cars to receive a "DNQ" (did not qualify) designation, teams can no longer risk the cost of showing up without racing; thus all cars who participate in qualifying take part in the race. The teams may not change anything on the car between the qualifying and the race.
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The race begins with a warm-up "parade lap," after which the cars assemble on the starting grid in the order they qualified. If a driver stalls before the parade lap, and the rest of the field passes him, then he must start from the back of the grid. As long as he moves off and at least one car is behind him, he can retake his original position.
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A light system above the track then signals the start of the race. Races are a little over 300 [[kilometre]]s (180 [[mile]]s) long and are limited to two hours, though in practice they usually last about ninety minutes. Throughout the race, drivers make one or more [[pit stop]]s in order to refuel.
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The [[FIA]] awards points to the top eight drivers and their respective teams in each race. The winner of the two annual championships are the driver and the team who have accumulated the most points at the end of the season.
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== Drivers and constructors ==
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''See also: [[List of Formula One constructors]], [[List of Formula One drivers]], [[List of Formula One people]], [[List of Formula One World Champions]]''
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Formula One teams must build the chassis in which they compete, and consequently the terms "team" and "constructor" are interchangeable; this requirement distinguishes the sport from "[[spec series]]" such as [[Indy Racing League|IRL]] and [[NASCAR]]. In its early years, F1 teams commonly constructed their engines as well. It has since become rare that a team should construct its own engine, and with the involvement of major car manufacturers such as [[BMW]], [[Daimler Chrysler]], [[Renault]], [[Toyota]], and [[Honda]], such privately-built engines have become less competitive.
Early manufacturer involvement came in the form of a "factory team", i.e. one owned and staffed by a major car company, such as those of [[Alfa Romeo]] (now defunct) or [[Renault Sport|Renault]]. Companies such as [[Cosworth]] and [[Supertec]], which had no direct team affiliation, often sold engines to teams who could not afford to manufacture them, but these largely died out in favour of the present system, in which one manufacturer supports one team. Though [[Toyota]], [[Ferrari]] ([[FIAT]]), and [[Renault]] still maintain factory teams, [[BMW]], [[Daimler-Chrysler]], and [[Honda]] provide engines and sponsorship for privately-owned teams in return for prominent advertisement on their team clothing and car livery. Some smaller teams, such as [[Sauber]], purchase their engines from larger teams. The only remaining commercial engine-manufacturer is [[Cosworth]], which supplies engines for [[Red Bull Racing]] and [[Minardi]].
The sport's [[1950 Formula One season|1950 debut season]] saw eighteen teams compete, but due to rising costs many dropped out quickly. [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] is the only still-active team which competed in [[1950]], and during the [[2004]] season only ten teams remained on the grid, each fielding two cars. Although teams rarely disclose information about their budgets, it is estimated that they average in the hundreds of millions of [[United States|U.S.]] dollars.
Entering a team now requires a £25 million up-front payment to [[Bernie Ecclestone]], which is then repaid to the team over the season. As a consequence, constructors desiring to enter Formula One often prefer to buy an existing team: [[British American Racing|BAR]]'s purchase of [[Tyrrell]] and [[Midland F1|Midland]]'s purchase of [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] permitted both of these teams to sidestep the large deposit.
The [[FIA]] has awarded the Formula One World Drivers Championship annually since [[1950]] and the Formula One World Constructors Championship annually since [[1958]]. [[Germany|German]] driver [[Michael Schumacher]] holds the record for having won the most Drivers' Championships (seven) and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] holds the record for having won the most Constructors' Championships (fourteen). [[Jochen Rindt]] has the distinction of having been the only posthumous World Champion.
Each car is assigned a number. The previous season's World Drivers Champion is given the number 1, with his team mate given the number 2. Numbers are then assigned according to each team's position in the previous season's World Constructors Championship. There have been exceptions to this rule, such as in 1993 and 1994, when the current World Drivers Champion was no longer competing in Formula One. In this case the drivers for the team of the previous year's champion are given numbers 0 and 2. The number 13 has not been used since [[1974]], before which it was occasionally assigned at the discretion of individual race organizers.
== Grands Prix ==
[[Image:Formula one.jpg|thumb|200px|Cars wind through the infield section of the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] at the [[2003 United States Grand Prix|2003]] [[United States Grand Prix]]]]
''See also: [[List of Formula One Grands Prix]]''
The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. Only seven races comprised the inaugural [[1950]] season; over the years the calendar has more than doubled in size. Though the number of races stayed at sixteen or seventeen since the [[1980s]], it has reached nineteen in [[2005]].
Six of the original seven races took place in Europe; the only non-European race in 1950 was the [[Indianapolis 500]], which, due to lack of participation by F1 teams, was later replaced by the [[United States Grand Prix]]. The F1 championship gradually expanded to other non-European countries as well: Argentina hosted the first [[South America]]n grand prix in [[1953 Argentinian Grand Prix|1953]], and [[Morocco]] hosted the first [[Africa]]n World Championship race in 1958. Asia ([[Japan]], 1976) and [[Oceania]] ([[Australia]], [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|1985]]) followed as well. The current nineteen races are spread over the continents of [[Europe]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[North America]], and [[South America]].
Traditionally, each nation has hosted a single grand prix that carries the name of the country. If a single country hosts multiple grands prix, they receive different names; for example, Germany, Spain and Britain have at various times held a second race known as the [[European Grand Prix]].
The grands prix, some of which have a history that predates the Formula One World Championship, are not always held on the same circuit every year. The [[British Grand Prix]], for example, though held every year since [[1950]], alternated between [[Brands Hatch]] and [[Silverstone]] from [[1963]] to [[1986]]. The only other race to have been included in every World Championship season is the [[Italian Grand Prix]]; it has occurred at [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]], except when it was at [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]] in [[1980]].
== Circuits ==
[[Image:Ims aerial.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]], venue for the [[United States Grand Prix]]]]
''See also: [[List of Formula One circuits]]''
Most of the currently used circuits are specially constructed for competition. The only real street circuit is the [[Circuit de Monaco]], used for the [[Monaco Grand Prix]], though a street race in [[London]] has been discussed. Some of the other circuits are also completely or partially laid out on public roads, such as those of [[Spa-Francorchamps]] or [[Montréal]]. The glamour and history of the Monaco race are the primary reasons the circuit is still in use, since it does not meet the strict safety requirements imposed on other tracks. Three times World champion [[Nelson Piquet]] famously described racing in Monaco as "flying with a helicopter in your living room."
Circuit design to protect the safety of drivers is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Where in the [[1950s]] a driver was lucky to find a strategically placed strawbale to absorb his impact, modern Formula One circuits feature gravel traps and tyre barriers to reduce risk of injury in crashes. This is an ongoing task - after the deaths of [[Ayrton Senna]] and [[Roland Ratzenberger]] during the [[1994]] season, the [[FIA]] mandated further changes to circuits. These were mostly aimed at better matching how fast a car is travelling when an accident occurs with the runoff space available for it to decelerate and at improving the ability of barriers to safely absorb the energy of a crash.
A typical circuit usually features a stretch of straight road on which the starting grid is situated. The ''pit lane'', where the drivers stop for fuel and tyres during the race, and where the constructors work on the cars before the race, is normally located next to the starting grid. The layout of the rest of the circuit varies widely. Some of the curves on circuits have become well known on their own, such as the high-speed ''Eau Rouge'' at [[Spa-Francorchamps]].
== The future of Formula One ==
''Main Article: [[Future of Formula One]]''
Formula One went through a difficult period in the early [[2000s]]. Viewing figures dropped, and fans expressed their loss of interest due to the dominance of [[Michael Schumacher]] and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]].
At present, smaller teams suffer from spiralling costs. Safety also remains a key issue. As such, many want to see rule changes to deal with these issues.
Throughout the [[2004]] season, [[Formula One Management]] president [[Bernie Ecclestone]] repeatedly voiced his disapproval of the [[Silverstone Circuit]], and suggested that unless its owners, the [[British Racing Drivers Club]], modernise the facilities, the [[British Grand Prix]] would not appear on the [[2005]] schedule. Following failed negotiations with BRDC president [[Jackie Stewart]] in October 2004, Ecclestone announced the race's removal from the next season's provisional calendar. The BRDC and Ecclestone have since come to an agreement to extend the British Grand Prix at Silverstone for another five years, through 2009.
Due to financial difficulty, the future of the [[French Grand Prix]] also remains in doubt. However, a [[Turkish Grand Prix]] will take place in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] for the first time in 2005, and a [[Mexican Grand Prix]] has been planned for [[2006]].
[[Bernie Ecclestone]] has also made a promise that F1 will return to [[South Africa]] within five years. He has begun talks with a consortium planning to build an F1 circuit in [[Cape Town]].
Along with [[South Africa]], [[Bernie Ecclestone]] has made a pledge to hold a Russian Grand Prix either in Moscow or St. Petersburg in the near future.
[[Bernie Ecclestone]] is in nearly continuous talks with potential race promoters all around the world. It is believed that one signicant factor that has F1 searching for venues outside of Europe is the spread of laws in Western nations prohibiting cigarette advertising in sport.
=== Rule changes ===
For [[2005]], there has been a radical overhaul of the technical regulations. Drivers are only able to use one set of tyres per race, with pitstops for tyre changes being banned (unless the tyre is damaged). Restrictions have also been placed upon [[downforce]] in an attempt to slow the cars down and each engine must be used for two consecutive races.
A revised qualifying format was used for the first part of [[2005]] season. For each race, two separate sessions were run: the first qualifying session took on the day before the race (Saturday) at 13:00; the second qualifying session started four hours before the start of Sunday's race: in both qualifying sessions each driver will drive a single timed lap. The starting order for the first qualifying session was the previous race classification reversed; in the second qualifying session it was the first session classification reversed. The starting grid was drawn up according to the fastest aggregate time of each driver, taking into account both qualifying sessions. Cars were required to carry their race fuel in the second qualifying session; refuelling was not allowed between this and the race.
Starting from the Grand Prix of Europe [[2005]], a new qualifying method has replaced the two-day aggregate qualifying. This new format consists of one saturday qualifying session on the day before the race at 13:00 CET, except in the races taking part in the USA and in Canada where it starts at 12:00 (local time). The starting order for this qualifying session is the previous race classification reversed. Cars must carry race fuel amounts during this Saturday afternoon session and refulling is not permitted between qualifying and the race.
Beginning with the [[2006]] season, the power of engines will also be decreased. A 2.4L V8 will be used instead of the 3L V10. However, some teams will be allowed to continue using the V10 with a rev limiter in order to cut costs. The switch to smaller engines may not mean a signifigant decrease in power, however, becasue some engine suppliers have already indicated that their smaller V8s can rev higher than the 19,000rpms normal for the current V10s. In the long run, the FIA intends to introduce greater restrictions on testing and the introduction of standardized electronic units and tyres.
=== Small teams ===
The [[Ford Motor Company]]'s decision to pull out of Formula One exposed the vulnerability of some small teams. [[Jaguar Racing]] was put up for sale and bought by [[Red Bull]]; it is now known as [[Red Bull Racing]].
As for other teams, [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] and [[Minardi]] both relied on Ford's [[Cosworth]] engines. Jordan have now clinched a deal to use [[Toyota]] engines. Minardi, on the other hand, will continue to use Cosworth engines under Cosworth's new owners. The chances have been greatly reduced, but if a team were to pull out before the beginning of the 2005 season, larger teams would have to enter three cars into each race to make up the numbers, as there must be 20 cars entering each race.
Two new teams are intending to enter Formula One - [[Midland F1]] and [[Team Dubai]]. Midland F1 have decided to buy Jordan Grand Prix, thereby avoiding having to pay the large deposit required to enter Formula One.
== References ==
*Corteel, M (Ed.) (2003). ''The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003''. Carlton Books.
* ''FIA Archive.'' (2004). [http://www.fia.com/archive/index_1024.html Federation Internationale de l'Automobile]. [[25 October]] [[2004]].
* ''Formula One Regulations.'' (2004). [http://www.fia.com/sport/Regulations/f1regs.html Federation Internationale de l'Automobile]. [[23 October]] [[2004]].
*Gross, N et al (1999). Grand Prix Motor Racing. In, ''100 Years of Change: Speed and Power'' (pp. 55-84). Parragon.
* ''Insight.'' (2004). [http://www.formula1.com/insight/ The Official Formula 1 Website]. [[25 October]] [[2004]].
*Jones, B (1997). ''The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One''. Hodder & Stoughton.
*Jones, B (1998). ''Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing''. Parragon.
*Tremayne, D & Hughes, M (1999). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One''. Parragon.
== See also ==
* [[Grand Prix Legends]] (video game, 1998)
* [[Formula One (game)]]
* [[List of international Formula One colors]]
* [[List of racing drivers]]
== External links ==
{{commons|Formula One}}
=== Official sites ===
* [http://www.formula1.com Formula1.com] — The official site of [[Bernie Ecclestone]]'s [[Formula One Management]]; contains schedules, statistics, race results, live timing during each race, and some news
* [http://www.fia.com/sport/Regulations/f1regs.html Current regulations] from the [http://www.fia.com/ FIA website]
=== News and reference ===
* [http://www.grandprix.com GrandPrix.com] — F1 news and a Grand Prix encyclopædia
* [http://www.newsonf1.com/ NewsOnF1.com] — News, results, information, and statistics
* [http://www.itv-f1.com ITV.com/f1] — News, pictures, and commentary from [[ITV]], F1's British broadcasters; also from [[Matt Bishop]] and [[F1 Racing]] magazine
* [http://www.fujitv.co.jp/f1gp/index2.html Fuji TV - F1] — Results and ranking from [[Fuji Television|Fuji TV]], F1's Japanese
* [http://www.f1live.com f1live] — News, pictures, live results, information and many more
broadcasters
* [http://www.f1db.com/ Formula One DataBase] — History, and statistics
* [http://www.forix.com/ FORIX] — Formula One Results, Information, Statistics
* [http://www.autocourse.tk/ Autocourse.tk] Directory of the automobile sport
=== Insight and commentary ===
* [http://www.atlasf1.com Atlasf1.com] — An online F1 magazine (subscription required)
* [http://www.fun-1.org/ Fun-1] — Daily satirical commentary on current F1 news
* [http://f1.fastmachines.com/ FastMachines.com] — Weblog containing regular F1 news and commentary
* [http://www.funof1.com.ar/f1/_eng.htm Funo!] — Texts, numbers, images and statistics of Formula 1
=== Other sites ===
* [http://www.mad4f1.com mad4F1.com] — latest news, results, images, articles from the exciting world of Formula 1 racing
[[Category:Auto racing]][[Category:Formula One|*]]
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