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'''Longhorn''' is [[Microsoft]]'s [[codename]] (for a full list see ''[[Microsoft codenames]]'') for the next version of its [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] [[operating system]], to follow on from [[Windows XP#Service Pack 3 (pending)|Windows XP SP3]] [http://news.com.com/Reversal+Next+IE+update+divorced+from+Windows/2100-1032_3-5577263.html?tag=nl] and [[Windows Server 2003]]. It was originally expected to ship sometime early in [[2006]] as a minor step between [[Windows XP|Whistler]] and [[Windows Blackcomb]] (Longhorn is a name of a [[sports bar]] at the [[Whistler-Blackcomb]] [[ski resort]]).
Gradually, Longhorn assimilated many important new features and technologies of Blackcomb. On [[August 27]], [[2004]], Microsoft announced that they are delaying release of [[WinFS]] so that Longhorn could be released in "a reasonable timeframe" (officially marked as [[December]] of [[2006]]). Two [[beta version]]s have been planned, the first expected to debut in Q2 2005 and the second in Q4 2005, with [[release candidate]]s to be released throughout 2006.
[[Image:spogarry.jpg|thumb|Chief Spokane Garry]]
Longhorn is currently available as a preview release available to [[MSDN|Microsoft Developer Network]] (MSDN) subscribers, and at select Microsoft developer conferences. The preview release is classified as an [[Alpha version|alpha]] version at the moment, and as such its performance and feature sets are not necessarily representative of the release product. As with many products (including all Windows releases since 98) it has since been leaked onto popular [[file sharing]] networks.
'''Spokane Garry''' was born approximately in [[1811]] at the Marian Indian village at the junction of the [[Spokane]] and [[Little Spokane River]]. He was the son to Illim-Spokanee, of the Middle plains Spokane Indian Tribe. His father was the tribal chief of the Sma-hoo-men-a-ish; however, they were often mistakenly called the Middle Spokanes by traders and settlers and the name stuck.
==Technologies==
Garry grew up primarily around the white traders who built their post near his tribe, so they never feared or surprised of either the "King George" men (the British) or the "Bostons" (the Americans).
Microsoft labels the key new technologies as "The Pillars of Longhorn", which are:
* '''Fundamentals''': new developments to the basic structure of the operating system including the [[Microsoft .NET|.NET]] framework, further support for [[digital rights management]] (DRM), an application deployment engine ("[[ClickOnce]]"), improvements to the installation of applications (Windows Installer/MSI 4.0), and the Trustworthy Computing initiative, previously known as Pallidium, see also ([[trusted computing]]).
* '''[[Avalon (API) | Avalon]]''': a new [[user interface]] subsystem and [[Application programming interface|API]] based on [[XML]], .NET, and [[vector graphics]], which will make use of [[3D computer graphics]] hardware and [[Direct3D]] technologies. See [[Windows Graphics Foundation]].
* '''[[Indigo (messaging system) | Indigo]]''': a service-oriented messaging system to allow programs to interoperate as part of the .NET framework.
* '''[[WinFX]]''': a new API to allow access to these new features, replacing the current "Win32" API (see [[Windows API]]).
It is worth noting that Avalon, Indigo, and WinFX are technologies that will be made available to [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Server 2003]] as well, and are therefore not technologies to be exclusive to Longhorn, but rather developed in time for the Longhorn release, to be incorporated in that operating system. This doesn't imply coming visual changes to these operating systems though, as Aero will still be exclusive to Longhorn. The reason for [[backporting]] these technologies is to allow an easier introduction to these technologies to developers and end users.
March 26th Microsoft released a Community Preview featuring both Avalon and Indigo to enable developers to experiment with the new technologies without running the Alpha version of Longhorn. Due to many requests it was released to the general public and is available at Microsoft's website [http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=85ab132b-f1aa-4422-b053-272d79863013&DisplayLang=en].
==The Prophecy==
==Features==
There were many chiefs, but three of them saw one prophecy. The old chief, Chief Ileeum Spokanee, and Chief Gary were the three. The prophecy came about like this.
Additionally, Longhorn will include many other new features.
===Aero===
The old chief was highly respected until the day that his favorite son accidently died. This death hurt the old chief more than anything ever had. The chief felt his heart. It felt like a piece had been cut out. He could not stand this pain. There was no way to get away from the pain, though he tried. Finally all he could do was to cry out to try to ease the pain. He yelled at God, "Why have you allowed my son's death?" "How could you be a good God and allow this to happen?"
Longhorn will include a completely re-designed user interface, code-named ''Aero''. The new interface is intended to be cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing than previous Windows interfaces. The most visible addition to the interface is the ''sidebar'', an area at the side of the screen consisting of ''tiles'' which display dynamic information about whatever window is currently in the foreground, which is essentially an extension of the "system tray" on the Windows [[task bar]]. Note that the sidebar had been removed as part of the WinHEC 2005 release (Build 5048).
===Search===
He repeated this until his tribe could stand it no longer. They didn't want the children to hear this. They worked hard to love God and now it was even harder. They had to quiet the main chief. They went to the other chiefs and told them to challenge the old chief. Tell him to decide whether God is good or not, and whether they should go back to be like the animals again or still try to be like God. The chiefs confronted the old chief. You must decide whether to go forward with God or go back to the animals where we came from, and not make your people feel bad about their God any more. "You are right." said the old chief, "I will go away until I can decide." He ran with little clothing or supplies up into the foothills until reaching the snowy top of the mountain that is called Mount Spokane today. He was the only human there. He was not cold. He started a fire and sat before it thinking about his God and his son. When he looked down he saw only the green of many trees. He sat without moving for three days. No food. Just some snow he drank. He prayed over and over, "Why did you do this, God?"
Longhorn will feature a new search engine which will allow for instant display of results for a given search. This is in contrast to the search engine of Windows XP, which can take several minutes to display results. The Longhorn search will allow you to add multiple filters to continually refine your search (Such as "File contains the word 'example'"). There will also be saved searches which will act as [[Virtual Folders]], where opening a folder will execute a specific search automatically and display the results as a normal folder. The search will also feature other usability improvements. The Longhorn search is actually built on an expanded and improved version of the indexing service for the search in Windows XP.
===Metro===
Suddenly a vision came as big as the whole sky and trees together. God's voice was visibly flying across his entire sight saying, "Your son is happy here with me, so you should have faith." The old chief's heart was whole again as immediately as he saw his son smiling and sitting next to God. God spoke again. "This world will not go away until people with white flesh come and bring a book with them." "This book will have many words about me in it." Do not kill these people even if they harm you, for there is no use to it." This was all that was spoken, but it inspired the old chief. He had had visions as a child, but this truly was the clearest vision of them all.
Metro is the codename for Microsoft's next generation document format, which is based on XML. It is similar in many ways to [[Adobe Systems]]' [[PDF]]. Metro is intended to allow users to view, print, and archive files without the original program that created it. The name Metro also refers to the print path in Longhorn. With Metro, documents can remain in the same format from the time they are created to the time they are printed. Microsoft states that Metro will provide better fidelity to the original document by using a consistent format for both screen and print output.
While many analysts suspect Metro is intended to be a "PDF-killer," Microsoft insists that they are not attempting to duplicate all the functionality of the PDF. For example, at the time of this writing, Metro is not planned to have the capabilities for dynamic documents.
Now he ran down the moutain fast, thinking how happy his people would be to know that God is good. And he wanted very much to tell them everything that God said. The further down the mountain and the closer to his camp the less sure he was about how his people would understand the part of his vision about the white people. So by the time he arrived in his camp he only told them the good news and thought he should wait about the rest of the story until some other day.
===Other Features===
The old chief never told the rest of the story to anyone, but became older and older until almost no one in his camp remembered that he had been a highly respected chief of his tribe. Most of his day was spent sitting in camp by the fire daydreaming about his youth. One day in the very midst of tribal activity, the mountain known as Helena today erupted and blew ash into winds that carried the ash and dumped it on the camp, making it night in the middle of the day. This frightened everyone so much that all they could do was jump up and down and scream, "This is the end of the world!" There was a dark confusion all around.
* Full support for the "[[NX bit|NX]]" (No-Execute) feature of processors. This feature, present in [[AMD]]'s [[AMD64]] architecture, as well as [[Intel]]'s [[EM64T]] Architecture, can flag certain parts of memory as containing data instead of executable code, which prevents overflow errors from resulting in arbitrary code execution. This should not be confused with [[trusted computing]] facilities provided by a so-called ''[[Fritz-chip]]''.
* Built-in [[DVD]] recording capabilities, including [[Mount Rainier (packet writing)|Mt. Rainier]] support.
* A new installation program that will install Longhorn in about 15 minutes (which is present in alpha build 4074 of Windows Longhorn).
* Native Raw Image support (As used by most digital cameras).
* Native, embedded RSS support, with developer API.
* Some level of file encryption support, which will prevent unauthorized viewing of files on stolen laptops/hard drives.
* The "My" prefixes will be dropped, so "My Documents" will just be "Documents", "My Computer" will just be "Computer", etc.
==Technologies/Features Delayed until future release==
The old chief pushed his way up to a standing position as he now remembered the rest of the story, and lifted his mouth up. "This is not the end of the world!" "God told me this world will not go away until many white skinned people will come here with a book holding many words about God in it." "This has not happened yet, so the world could not be ending!"
* '''[[WinFS]]''' (short for either ''Windows Future Storage'' or ''Windows File System''): a combined [[relational database]] and [[filesystem]], based on the next version of [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server]] (codenamed ''Yukon''). Working on top of [[NTFS]], it will provide abilities to represent objects and their relationships, rather than just a hierarchy of files and folders. The removal of WinFS from Windows Longhorn was announced in August 2004, and is expected to be released as an update to Longhorn, entering beta stages at about the same time as Longhorn is released, but also will be ported to Windows XP to help end users along with the transition phase to Longhorn. Microsoft's promotion of this technology has spurred the recent trend towards [[desktop search]] tools.
* '''[[MSH (shell)|Monad]]''' A new [[command-line interface]] called ''[[MSH (shell)|MSH]]'', and codenamed ''Monad'' will not be fully implemented in Longhorn, but will exist in it to some extent. It plans to combine the Unix [[pipes and filters]] philosophy with that of [[object-oriented programming]].
Everyone was quiet now to listen to this voice of authority. They looked around. It was still dark but now it was peaceful and did not seem like it could be an end, but just a quiet time. Most people went to their lodges and slept. Some of the braves huddled around the old chief to ask him more about what God had told him. One of these was the currently most respected chief. Illeeum Spokanee was his name and he was the father of a 5 year old boy who later would take the name Garry chief of the Spokanes. The young chief listened with interest, but Garry listened with awe. This vision seemed to be somehow, his vision. Garry was thinking about the old chief, "I'm glad this man can remember things so well." Garry decided that day to watch carefully for the day when the white people came with the book. He wanted to learn these words about God.
==Graphics hardware requirements==
==Spokane Garry Goes to School==
Longhorn's graphics requirements are defined in relation to the different desktop experiences.
===Aero Glass===
In [[1825]], upon the arrival of white men, Garry and two of his brothers were chosen to be taught at the Anglican Mission School in [[Winnipeg]], [[Canada]], by [[Hudson's Bay Company]] that was run by the Church Missionary Society of the [[Church of England]]. Upon arriving there, it was custom to receive a new respected name. He was given Spokane Garry, and the name remained until his death.
This graphics mode adds support for 3D graphics, animation and visual special effects in addition to the features offered by Aero Express.
*Intended for mainstream and high-end graphics cards.
*At least 64 MB of graphics memory, 128 MB recommended, or 256 MB for 1600x1200+.
*At least 32 [[bits per pixel]].
*3D hardware acceleration with capabilities equal to [[DirectX]] 9.
*A memory bandwidth of 2 GB / second.
*Capable of drawing ~1.5M triangles / second, one window being ~150 triangles.
*A graphics card that uses AGP 4X or PCI Express 8-lane bus.
Although this may appear expensive by today's standards, it is likely that such a configuration will be entry-level or lower by Longhorn's release.
===Aero Diamond===
The boy who accompanied him was known as Kootenais Pelly, who became Garry's closest friend at the mission school. The students learned [[English]], and new ways to live off the land. Garry was very interested in these new words. However, the new life was different from his own. It has been said that once he broke a rule and was punished in the usual way of being held by one of the white upper classmen while the teacher whipped his behind with a willow twig. It scared Garry so much that he bit down hard before it started, and only afterward realized he bit into blood of the upper classmen's ear. He looked up at the student in fear of reprisal. The student told him to not worry for he understood. This is the moment when Garry realized that these white people had a lot of good in them. He also realized that there probably was no use in fighting with them even though he knew there was going to be trouble if too many of them came to his camp.
A graphics mode customized for the Longhorn Media Center Edition, and will not be made available in the other editions.
===Aero Express===
In the winter of [[1828]], Garry's father, Illim-Spokanee, died. The wheather prevented him from making the trip home to his tribe, but in the following Spring he made the 1800-mile trip back to the Spokane river, and his people. At this time he was eighteen years.
The lesser Aero visual experience offering only the basic visual improvements introduced by Longhorn, such as composition based DPI scaling.
*Intended for mainstream or lower-end graphics cards.
*Uses the Avalon Desktop Composition window manager.
*A Longhorn Driver Display Model (LDDM) driver is a requirement.
===To Go===
==His Return to Spokane==
The new Longhorn look & feel without any visual special effects, similar to the visual style Luna of Windows XP in that it resembles merely an application [[skin (computing)|skin]]. As with Luna, no additional hardware requirements compared to the classic Windows interface.
*A simple option for consumer upgrades, and mobile / low-cost devices.
*No additional requirements compared to the lesser Classic mode.
*Fallback mode in case the hardware requirements for Aero aren't met.
===Classic===
On his return to Spokane, the teachings he had learned at his school spread like wildfire across the [[Columbia Plateau]]. Many of the Native American beliefs were decaying at this time, and this hybrid form of Christianity Garry brought to them suited the needs of the native population.
The most basic user interface offered by Longhorn, which is also seen in [[Windows 2000]], or [[Windows XP]] with its visual style Luna deactivated.
* An option for corporate deployments and upgrades.
* Requires Windows XP Display Driver Model (XPDM) or LDDM drivers.
* No graphics card hardware requirements exceeding those of Windows XP.
==References==
After bringing new children to learn as he did at the Red River, he was asked to return, however, he remained behind after bringing news of Pelly's death. With his new standing role in his tribe, he became more interested in the needs of his people and creating peace between them and the new white settlers. At this time he also married the daughter of another tribal chief, and named her Lucy.
*[http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/display/graphics-reqs.mspx Graphics Hardware and Drivers for "Longhorn"] – Version as of April, 2004; retrieved June 10, 2004
*Microsoft (August 27, 2004). [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/Aug04/08-27Target2006PR.asp Microsoft Announces 2006 Target Date for Availability Of "Longhorn"]. Press Release. Retrieved November 30, 2004.
==TheExternal Later Yearslinks==
*[http://msdn.microsoft.com/longhorn Microsoft Longhorn Developer Center] -- Developer information on Longhorn at [[MSDN]].
**[http://msdn.microsoft.com/Longhorn/understanding/pillars/default.aspx The Pillars of Longhorn]
**[http://longhorn.msdn.microsoft.com Microsoft Longhorn SDK] -- Documentation of the Longhorn APIs made public so far at [[MSDN]].
*[http://www.winsupersite.com/longhorn/ Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows] -- Detailed information regarding Longhorn, including screenshots.
**[http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/pdc2003.asp PDC 2003 Section] -- Information regarding Longhorn build 4051, released at PDC 2003.
*[http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/guidebook/interfaces/windows/longhorn GUIdebook: Windows Longhorn Gallery] - A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
*[http://www.longhornblogs.com/ Longhorn Blogs] -- Non-corporate, community-based initiative of Microsoft's next version of Windows
*[http://www.longhornbuzz.com/ Longhorn Buzz] -- Non-corporate, community-based forums dedicated to Microsoft's next version of Windows
*[http://www.windowslonghorn.net/ Longhorn News] -- Non-corporate, community-based news site, dedicated to Longhorn news.
**[http://www.windowslonghorn.net/modules.php?set_albumName=WindowsBetas&op=modload&name=gallery&file=index&include=view_album.php Gallery Section] -- Screenshots from development versions of Longhorn.
{{History of Windows}}
Chief Garry, turning 40 in [[1851]], was a wealthy man by tribal standards, and he began to receive much respect among both his own people and the white settlers in the area. Tension at this time, however, was very high after the [[Whitman Massacre]] in [[1847]], only making it more difficult to keep the peace between each other.
[[Category:Microsoft Windows|Longhorn]]
On [[October 17]], [[1853]], Garry was summoned to a meeting with newly-appointed Governor of [[Washington Territory]], [[Isaac Stevens]], who was making his way east to [[Olympia]], the new territorial capital. They had a lengthy conversation, and Stevens was surprised at the amount of English Garry could speak.
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To keep peace in the territory of Washington, Isaac Stevens summoned the audience of the [[Walla Walla]], [[Nez Perce]], [[Cayuse]] and [[Yakama]] tribes to make a treaty. Everyone left happy and it would seem like there would be peace, however, upon returning home they learned that the Yakama had decided against allowing the whites to take their land were going to war with the [[United States]]. They were eager to requit other tribes into the war, and many of the younger Spokanes were excited to fight -- rather than sit around and let them take their land. Chief Garry strongly was against war and persuaded his men to remain peaceful until they could discuss it with Stevens. However, several miners were killed on the Yakima River, followed by the murder of special agent to the Yakimas, A. J. Bolton on September 23, 1855, and the war with the whites had begun.
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Upon hearing of the outbreak of war while travelling back from [[Blackfoot]] country, arrived suddenly in the Spokane village on the evening of [[November 27]], and surprised the Spokanes by demanding an instant decision for war or peace.
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Once the chiefs of the Spokane, [[Coeur d'Alene]]s, [[Colville]]s and some [[French]] [[Canadians]] were assembled, Stevens opened the council with promises of friendship, however he eventually got to the point...
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''I think it is best for you to sell a portion of your lands, and live on Reservations, as the Nez Perces and Yakimas agreed to do. I would advise you as a friend to do that…If you think my advice good, and we should agree, it is well. If you say, "We do not wish to sell," it is also good, because it is for you to say...''
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[[Image:garryhorse.jpg|thumb|right|Garry and his horse; in his later years when he was a forgotten hero]]
All of the other tribes agreed and signed over much of their land to the white's, however, Chief Garry decided against it and left without signing his treaty. For now, their land was free.
For the following years, he urged peace among his people and the settlers, and continued to try to make a treaty with the Governor. But from [[1859]] and forward he was ignored. The Governor instead strenuously tried to encourage the Spokanes to abandon their traditional land and take up individual ownership under the Indian homestead act. In [[1887]], Garry finally got his treaty, but not the reservation.
==The Forgotten Spokanian==
[[Image:garrysgrave.jpg|thumb|left|Chief Garry's grave marker, The inscription reads: His life spanned the unfolding of the Spokane
Country from the days of the fur traders at Spokane
House to the activities of a modern city]]
The following year, while Garry and his family were at a temporary fishing camp, white men took possession of his farm, which had been sold to him after the signing of the treaty. Although he and his family rushed home to reclamim it, they were told to keep off the land. Endeavoring to regain possession peacefully, Garry maneuvered his way through the legal system while his property grew in value. Shortly before his death, a final judgment was rendered against his claims, and Spokane Garry's home, valued at $25,000, passed into the hands of another man with no compensation made to Garry or his family.
Beside all of these hard times Garry still believed there was good in all men, and said that inside us humans there is the same colored blood, so we should treat each other equally under this God of ours. Garry continued teaching well into old age and advising his people, until it is said he gave into gambling and drinking. During his last years on Earth he spent much of his time living in his teepee on the Spokane river. At one ___location near [[Hangman Creek]] bridge, young white boys rolled boulders down on his tent while he tried to move the teepee out of the way. He then found his final teepee site in [[Indian Canyon]] in a fairly remote area.
On [[January 14]], [[1892]], Spokane Garry died—homeless and penniless, his estate consisting of nothing more than "a few flea-bitten cayuses," his burial expenses paid out of the Spokane County pauper fund. His life and story forgotten over the century to become speculation, then little more than legend.
==Notes==
#{{note|ref1}} Two sources disagree on the spelling of Garry's fathers name. [http://www.spokaneoutdoors.com] claims it is Ileeum.
==External Links==
* [http://www.spokaneoutdoors.com History, News, Topography of the Spokane area]
* [http://washingtonhistory.org/wshm/education/prototype/bios/spokan-garry.htm People of the Treaties: Biography of Spokan Garry ]
* [http://washingtonhistory.org/wshm/education/prototype/bios/isaac-stevens.htm People of the Treaties: Biography of Isaac Stevens]
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