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The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 sometimes known as the '''First Kashmir War''' was a war fought between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] over the region of [[Kashmir]] from [[1947]] to [[1949]]. It was the first of the many wars fought among the two newly independent nations.
See also [[Talk:List of countries bordering only one country]]
==Cause==
==Ireland, East Timor==
The state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]] had been part of India since time immemorial. It was one of a number of Indian states that recognised British paramountcy. Prior to the withdrawal of the British from India, the state came under pressure from both India and Pakistan to join their states. The [[Maharaja]] of Kashmir, [[Hari Singh]] wanted to remain independent and tried to delay the issue. However at the time of British withdrawal the state was invaded by a concentrated force of Pakistani-backed irregulars and regular Pakistani soldiers. This forced him to accede Kashmir to India who promptly rushed into Kashmir and thus the war had started.
I would question the validity of Ireland as an example ("These can be fears of an outright take-over as has happened historically to such states as East Timor and Ireland"). It's certainly true that England took over Ireland progressively from the 1100s, but England and Ireland aren't contiguous, and nor were the UK and Ireland as separate political entities until 1921. If anything, these days the most lively fear held by anyone in that respect is Unionists' worry that the part currently within the United Kingdom will become part of the Irish State.
==Summary of War==
:Does today's expansion of that sentence help cover things? If not the general rule here at wikipedia is that if it's incorrect you can always fix it yourself. -- [[User:Francs2000|Francs2000]] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Francs2000&action=edit§ion=new Talk] [[]] 14:45, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
The AZK had several advantages in the war, notably:
==Isthmuses and peninsulas==
*Prior to the war the Jammu and Kashmir state forces had been spread thinly around the border as a response to terrorist activity, and so were badly deployed to counter a full scale invasion.
[[Hong Kong]] is definitely a peninsula (check the map on that page). Also, there are no [[isthmus]]es in the list, by definition. And I've removed the anomalies, as I can't see a reason why they're particularly interesting. [[User:Sjorford|sjorford]]'''[[User talk:Sjorford|://]]''' 17:13, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
*Some of the state forces rebelled and joined the invaders.
*The AZK were also aided by regular Pakistani soldiers who manned some of their units, with the proportion increasing throughout the war.
*British officers may have helped the Pakistanis plan the attack.
As a result of these advantages the main invasion force quickly brushed aside the Jammu and Kashmir state forces. But the attacker’s advantage was not vigorously pressed and the Indians saved the country by airlifting reinforcements. This was at the price of the state formally succeeding to India. With Indian reinforcements the Pakistani / AZK offensive ran out of steam towards the end of 1947. The exception to this was in the High Himalayas sector where the AZK were able to make substantial progress until turned back at the outskirts of Leh in late June 1948. Throughout 1948 many small-scale battles were fought. None of these gave a strategic advantage to either side and the fronts gradually solidified. Support for the AZK forces by Pakistan became gradually more overt with regular Pakistani units becoming involved. A formal cease-fire was declared on [[31 December]], 1948.
==Results of the War==
The independent state of Jammu and Kashmir ceased to exist. The cease fire line has over the years became a de facto division of the country. This has given about one third of the land area to Pakistan and about two thirds to India. The Indians retained control of the relatively wealthy and populous Kashmir Valley, and a majority of the population. In [[1956]], this area became the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the India union.
==Stages of the War==
:Gibraltar and Macao are peninsulas connected to the continent with isthmuses. Strictly speaking Hong Kong is not a peninsula. The anomalies might not be particularly interesting, but they have to be mentioned so that readers won't think they're missed out. — [[User:Instantnood|Instan]][[User talk:Instantnood|tnood]] 17:36, Feb 11 2005 (UTC)
This war has been split into ten stages by time. The individual stages are detailed below.
===Initial Invasion 22 Oct 1947 – 26 Oct 1947 (Op Gulmarg)===
==Anomalies==
[[Image:J&K01low.jpg|Initial Invasion 22 Oct 1947 – 26 Oct 1947 (Op Gulmarg)]]<br>
[[Norway]] is listed here as having 2 borders ([[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]) - but did we forget their Russian border, or is it not relevant? [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 02:11, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
A large invasion of the Kashmir valley was mounted by the irregular forces, aimed at Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir. The state forces were defeated and the way to the capital, ([[Srinagar]]), was open. There was also a mutiny by state forces in favour of the AZK in Domel.
In desperation, Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmir requested the Indian Government for Indian troops to stop the uprising. The Indians told him that if Singh signed an Instrument of Accession allowing Kashmir to join the Indian Union, only then would India rush in troops for the protection of one of its territories. This, the Maharaja promptly did. Following this accession, the Indian troops arrived and quickly blocked the advance of the invaders, preventing the imminent sacking of Srinigar.
However, many of the irregular forces went home with their loot after plundering local towns and thus failed to press the attack home. In the Punch valley the Jammu and Kashmir state forces retreated into towns and were besieged.
:Thank you. It is now corrected. — [[User:Instantnood|Instan]][[User talk:Instantnood|tnood]] 10:39, Feb 15 2005 (UTC)
::But why list them at all? As odd as this page is, it's titled "List of countries that only border one other country" yet lists things which border ''two'' countries as "anomolies", and even includes Norway with 3 borders. [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 12:28, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::Very few countries with two or three neighbours are listed. Some of them are listed because part of their borders are relatively very short, that people might confuse that they share border with only one country, but not the others. Cyprus would perhaps be the best example. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 13:25, Feb 15 2005 (UTC)
It seems bizarre to list countries that border several countries in an article about countries that only border one other. They are not anomalies: they just don't fit the criteria for being in the article. Therefore I've been bold and removed that section. [[User:Worldtraveller|Worldtraveller]] 17:38, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:Is there any better word than anomalies? — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 19:53, Feb 15 2005 (UTC)
::Why are they here? They are not "countries that only border one other country." Why is Djibouti an "anomaly" but the United States is not? - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 20:05, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
:::Would anybody be confused that the United States borders only one other country? — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 20:30, Feb 15 2005 (UTC)
::::None of the countries listed could be mistaken for one that only borders one country. I'm in favour of removing them again because it makes no sense for them to be in this article. [[User:Worldtraveller|Worldtraveller]] 20:40, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
==Biafra==
[[Biafra]] was only shortly bordering Cameroon (for a few months). See [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/images/biafra2.gif this map] for details. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 19:55, Feb 15 2005 (UTC)
:OK, I've clarified the text in relation to Biafra. [[User:Worldtraveller|Worldtraveller]] 20:40, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Thank you. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 20:26, Feb 16 2005 (UTC)
==Protecting the page: Dispute RE: Non-Countries on the List==
===Statement by ExplorerCDT===
I have removed mentions of dependant territories. Up until now, the enumerations regarding Gibraltar and Macao have been reverted by [[User:Instantnood]] who has persisted in being a pedantic annoyance, while my deletion of Hong Kong has been ignored.
Netherlands Antilles, Guantanamo, Macao and Gibraltar are not countries. Two are navy bases (Gibraltar and Gitmo), Netherlands Antilles are the Caribbean colonial possessions of the Netherlands formerly under control of the Dutch West India Company (whose assets reverted to the Dutch crown), Macao and Hong Kong are Special Autonomous Regions but have NEVER been countries. Also, to title this as a list of countries bordering only one country is misleading, as several examples are of territory that only borders one other country while the rest of the country's possessions in fact border several independent states. The use of US and Cuba bordering at Gitmo ignores the fact that the US also borders Canada, Mexico, etc. which constitutes more than one bordering country, or that France (which borders Spain, Andorra, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Italy on the map of Europe) some how only borders the Netherlands (which borders Belgium and Germany on the map of Europe) at St. Martin in the Caribbean. Utterly misleading and completely inaccurate.
Instantnood's attempts to revert edits by myself and SimonP made with the intent for accuracy resulted in this protection of the page until a proper, accurate and sensible resolution is made. —[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] 21:21, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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===Statement by Instantnood===
[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] cited wrong evidence to back his arguments. The setting of this list to include non-sovereign states is described and illustrated by the notice on the top of the page. It is a practice of several lists of countries across Wikipedia. The same treatment should applied regarding all these lists, and this list shall be no exception.
===Indian defence of the Kashmir Valley 27 Oct 1947 – 17 Nov 1947===
Only the entities listed next to the bullets are bordering one entity. The one listed on the right hand side is the entity with which it shares its border.
[[Image:J&K02low.jpg|Indian defence of the Kashmir Valley 27 Oct 1947 – 17 Nov 1947]]<br>
Indian forces, rapidly airlifted to Srinagar managed to defeat the irregular forces on the outskirts of the town. This was partially due to an outflanking manoeuvre by armoured cars. Shattered, the AZK were pursued as far as Baramula and Uri and these towns were recaptured. In the Punch valley the sieges of the loyal Jammu and Kashmir state forces continued. Meanwhile, the troops in Gilgit (the Gilgit Scouts) mutinied and this yielded most of the far north of the state to the AZK.
ExplorerCDT's attempts to modify the page with wrong evidence shall be reverted, and the original state of the article should be restored. This page is now added the <nowiki>{{protected}}</nowiki> with the state prior to his modifications. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 22:31 Feb 20 2005 (UTC)
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=== Attempted link-up at Punch 18 Nov 1947 – 26 Nov 1947===
===Discussions===
[[Image:J&K03low.jpg|Attempted link-up at Punch 18 Nov 1947 – 26 Nov 1947]]<br>
They aren't countries. Unless they declared independence within the last time I watched the news (three hours ago), they ''are not'' countries. You even admit that fact. Either change the title, or leave them out. Your second paragraph just shows that the page is inaccurate and misleading. Finally, I put up the protected tag, with my version of the page, your reversions will be reverted until someone comes around and makes that protection work. —[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] 22:51, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
The Indian forces ceased their pursuit of the shattered AZK forces and swung south in an attempt to relieve Punch. This was less successful than hoped, because inadequate reconnaissance had underestimated the difficulty of the roads. Although the relief column eventually reached Punch, the siege could not be lifted. A second relief column reached only Kotli and was forced to evacuate its garrison. Mirpur was captured by the AZK and its inhabitants particularly the Hindus were slaughtered.
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:It seems not to make sense for territories to be included, when the article title is at 'list of '''countries'''...'. I agree with ExplorerCDT that Gibraltar (much more than just a naval base by the way), Macao etc should not be included. Incidentally, the page claims to be protected but isn't - I see it's been listed at requests for protection though, so presumably it will be protected shortly. [[User:Worldtraveller|Worldtraveller]] 22:50, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
===Fall of Jhanger and attacks on Naoshera and Uri 25 Nov 1947 - 6 Feb 1948===
::They aren't sovereign states, but the same treatment should applies to all lists of countries with the same setting. The notice at the top of the page already tells this list includes not only sovereign states, without any confusions. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 22:56 Feb 20 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:J&K04low.jpg|Fall of Jhanger and attacks on Naoshera and Uri 25 Nov 1947 - 6 Feb 1948]]<br>
::*I'd agree that all the lists should be treated as such, but then again, Rome wasn't built in a day. Notice or not, the article is misleading and inaccurate, and is only one of a myriad of articles needing correction. Thus, if you feel this is a battle that should start here, let's start here and rush the barricades with me, or you can just shut up, let my changes stand, and stop being an ass. —[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] 04:39, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
The Pakistani/AZK forces attacked and captured Jhanger. They then attacked Naoshera unsuccessfully. In both areas they killed and raped not only Hindus but any muslims who were against them. Other Pakistani/AZK forces made a series of unsuccessful attacks on Uri. In the south a minor Indian attack secured Chhamb. By this stage of the war the front line began to stabilise as more Indian troops became available.
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==Edits by [[User:SchmuckyTheCat|SchmuckyTheCat]]==
===Op Vijay: counterattack to Jhanger 7 Feb 1948 - 1 May 1948===
Hong Kong and Macao, but not Gibraltar and the Netherlands Antilles, were removed from the list by SchmuckyTheCat. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 22:48 Mar 1 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:J&K05low.jpg| Op Vijay: counterattack to Jhanger 7 Feb 1948 - 1 May 1948]]<br>
*I make no claim to knowledge about the nation-status of Gibraltar or Netherlands Antillies. If you say they are not countries then yes, they should be removed. [[User:SchmuckyTheCat|SchmuckyTheCat]] 22:58, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
The Indian forces launched a counterattack in the south recapturing Jhanger and Rajauri. In the Kashmir Valley the Pakistani/AZK forces continued attacking the Uri garrison. In the north Skardu was brought under siege by Pakistani/AZK forces.
::They're dependent territories of the UK and Netherlands respectively, not independent nations, and so if Macao and Hong Kong are removed they should also be removed. As discussed above, I think that as the article title uses the word country, it does not make sense to mention sub-national entities. [[User:Worldtraveller|Worldtraveller]] 00:23, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
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::*then do it. I'm not defending them. [[User:SchmuckyTheCat|SchmuckyTheCat]] 00:47, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
===Indian Spring Offensive 1 May 1948 - 19 May 1948===
:::The same have to be done on other pages with similar titles, if you think it is right to remove. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 01:15 Mar 2 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:J&K06low.jpg|Indian Spring Offensive 1 May 1948 - 19 May 1948]]<br>
*ok, go do that then. It's not my responsibility to correct every single article when I fix a mistake in one. [[User:SchmuckyTheCat|SchmuckyTheCat]] 01:31, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
The Indians held onto Jhanger against numerous counterattacks from the AZK, who were increasingly supported by regular Pakistani Forces. In the Kashmir Valley the Indians attacked, recapturing Tithwail. The AZK made good progress in the High Himalayas sector, infiltrating troops to bring Leh under siege, capturing Kargil and defeating a relief column heading for Skardu.
==Dispute over meaning of "countries"==
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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country&oldid=10434753
===Operations Gulab and Erase 19 May 1948 - 14 Aug 1948===
[[Image:J&K07low.jpg|Indian Spring Offensive 1 May 1948 - 19 May 1948]]<br>
This is the version that I preferred. (see also the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country&diff=0&oldid=10434753 differences] with the current version) — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 02:20 Mar 2 2005 (UTC)
The Indians continued to attack in the Kashmir Valley sector driving north to capture Keran and Gurais. They also repelled a counterattack aimed at Tithwail. In the Punch Valley the forces besieged in Punch broke out and temporarily linked up with the outside world again. The AZK made good progress in the High Himalayas sector and got to the outskirts of Leh and eventually captured Skardu. However an attempt to take the town of Leh itself was unsuccessful.
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== Delete? ==
===Operation Duck 15 Aug 1948 - 1 Nov 1948===
Listing the USA because of Guantanamo? Not listing the UK because of the channel tunnel? Instantnood and his Chinese politics. Constant "country/not a country" debates. This isn't encyclopaedic. Are there any plans to delete this article? [[User:Ojw|Ojw]] 19:08, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:J&K08low.jpg|Operation Duck 15 Aug 1948 - 1 Nov 1948]]<br>
During this time the front began to settle down with less activity by either side, the only major event was an unsuccessful attack by the Indians towards Dras (Operation Duck). The siege of Punch continued.
: What constitutes a "country" can be a difficult question, and any sufficiently large listing will probably have some controversy. Perhaps even the term "border" can be fuzzy in some cases. But a debate over a few entries does not make the whole list unencyclopaedic. I would oppose deleting this after so many editors have worked to improve it. [[User:Jonathunder|Jonathunder]] 20:31, 2005 Mar 13 (UTC)
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===Operation Easy. Punch link-up 1 Nov 1948 - 26 Nov 1948===
:The United States is not listed, as it border Canada and Mexico. What is listed is Cuba, for having part of its island leased by the United States. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 13:44, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:J&K09low.jpg|Operation Easy. Punch link-up 1 Nov 1948 - 26 Nov 1948]]<br>
:Cuba and the reference of Channel Tunnel were not added by me. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 13:44, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)
The Indians now started to get the upper hand in all sectors. Punch was finally relieved after a siege of over a year. The AZK forces in the High Himalayas, who had previously made good progress, were finally defeated. The Indians pursued as far as Kargil before being forced to halt due to supply problems. The Zoji-La pass was forced by using tanks (which had not been thought possible at that altitude) and Dras was recaptured. The use of tanks was based on experience gained in Burma in 1945.
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==An interesting chain of events==
===Moves up to cease-fire. 27 Nov 1948 - 31 Dec 1948===
The following lists the chain of events which led to the inclusion of entities which are not countries to the list. I suppose it takes some detective work to come up with this, although it isnt really that difficult. I leave it up to you guys to interpret the intentions behind this sequence of events:
[[Image:J&K10low.jpg| Moves up to cease-fire. 27 Nov 1948 - 31 Dec 1948]]<br>
===The old version===
As seen in the version timestamped [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country&oldid=9916673 07:25, 7 Jan 2005] in this page's edit history, the page listed only countries (as commonly accepted to refer to fully independent entities as recognised by the UN), with an opening line which reads:
'''''"This is a list of countries that only have a land border with one other country."'''''
===Carbon copy created===
On [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_bordering_only_one_country&oldid=9914593 01:21, 4 Feb 2005], a similarly titled page called [[List of countries bordering only one country]] was created by a user named [[User:Instantnood|Instantnood]]. In the first version of that page, the opening line reads:
'''''"This is a list of countries and dependent territories having land border with only one country.'''''
'''''Notes:'''''
'''''This list includes dependent territories and some disputed or occupied areas that are de facto independent."'''''
Interestingly, that first version includes Hong Kong and Macau as the only two non-independent entities, while Singapore was listed under a classification called "Arguable".
===Merger?===
Within a few hours, the page has evolved to this version at [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_bordering_only_one_country&oldid=9916730 03:13, 4 Feb 2005]. Notably, he copied the introductory text from the first article into his version of the article:
'''''"Nations that only share a land border with one other country often have concerns about domination by the other state if it is larger. These can be fears of an outright take-over as has happened historically to such states as East Timor, which was part of Indonesia until very recently, and Ireland, which was part of the United Kingdom until 1921. Today concerns are often about economic domination as with the Canada/United States relationship or the Denmark/Germany one. Because much trade goes over land these countries are often heavily reliant on their single neighbour."'''''
In addition, he added the "merge" request with the above page within the same edit.
Back in this page, he also added the "merge" request at [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country&oldid=10029159 03:11, 4 Feb 2005]
===Merged===
By [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_bordering_only_one_country 18:57, 7 Feb 2005], [[User:Sjorford]] fulfilled the merger request. This effectively places [[User:Instantnood|Instantnood]]'s introductory paragraph concerning non-independent entities, as well as his entries for these, into that list as can be seen in edit version [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country&oldid=10165160 19:01, 7 Feb 2005], without [[User:Sjorford]] probably suspecting anything unusual.
===Contestations===
Since this merger, debates over the inclusion of entities which are not countries ensued, not surprisingly, as we can see above and in the history of edits. It is interesting that [[User:Instantnood|Instantnood]] made no mention about the merger process which sparked this discourse. In addition, as we can all see from the above discussions, [[User:Instantnood|Instantnood]] was quoted as saying:
''"They aren't sovereign states, but the same treatment should applies to all lists of countries with the same setting. '''The notice at the top of the page already tells this list includes not only sovereign states, without any confusions."'''''
It has to be noted, that again he did not mention who was the one who wrote that paragraph, and nor did he mention how it ends up being introduced to this page.
===Deductions and comments?===
The chain of events as I noted ends here. Feel free to comment on the above conduct.--[[User:Huaiwei|Huaiwei]] 10:02, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)
===Comments===
At the time when I created [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_bordering_only_one_country&oldid=9914593 this page] titled "List of countries bordering only one country", I did not know this page already existed.
The following words were copied from another list of countries, the [[list of countries and capitals in native languages]].
"'' <font color=navy>Notes: This list includes dependent territories and some disputed or occupied areas that are de facto independent. ''</font>"
When I discovered there was in fact a list created, I requested for a merger, and I started the work of merging, by copying the following text to the version that I created.
"'' <font color=navy>Nations that only share a land border with one other country often have concerns about domination by the other state if it is larger. These can be fears of an outright take-over as has happened historically to such states as East Timor, which was part of Indonesia until very recently, and Ireland, which was part of the United Kingdom until 1921. Today concerns are often about economic domination as with the Canada/United States relationship or the Denmark/Germany one. Because much trade goes over land these countries are often heavily reliant on their single neighbour.</font> ''"
Hong Kong and Macao were the only non-sovereign states. Gibraltar and the Netherlands Antilles were also included. Singapore was included as an arguable case, as it is connected to Johore, Malaysia by a [[causeway]], i.e. not above water.
Realising that they were not going to make any further progress in any sector, the Pakistanis decided to end the war. A UN cease-fire was arranged for the 31st Dec 1948. A few days before the cease-fire the Pakistanis launched a counter attack, which cut the road between Uri and Punch.
[[User:Huaiwei|Huaiwei]] failed to agree with the convention that on many lists of countries non-sovereign states are also listed as countries. [[User:SchmuckyTheCat|SchmuckyTheCat]] and [[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] said they did not agree with the convention, but they would not proceed to change the other lists sharing the same problem.
After protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in the UNCIP resolution (http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/uncom1.htm) of [[August 13]], 1948 were adopted by the UN on [[January 5]], 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw her forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of her forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. In all, 1,500 soldiers died on each side during the war and Pakistan was able to acquire roughly two-fifths of Kashmir. (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1947.htm)
==Military insights gained from the war.==
SchmuckyTheCat [[Talk:List of countries that only border one other country#Edits by SchmuckyTheCat|said]] "<font color=navy> ''It's not my responsibility to correct every single article when I fix a mistake in one.'' </font>". She/he also [[User_talk:SchmuckyTheCat#List_of_city_listings_by_country|said]] " <font color=navy>''I strive to be correct, not complete.'' </font>".
===On the use of armour===
The use of light tanks and armoured cars was important at two stages of the war. Both of these Indian victories involved very small numbers of AFVs. These were:-
*The defeat of the initial thrust at Srinagar, which was aided by the arrival of 2 armoured cars in the rear of the irregular forces.
*The forcing of the Zoji-La pass with 11 Stuart M5 light tanks.
This may show that armour can have a significant psychological impact if it turns up at places thought of as impossible.
It is also likely that the invaders did not deploy anti-tank weapons to counter these threats. Even the lightest weapons will significantly encumber leg infantry units, so they may well have been perceived as not worth the effort of carrying about, and left in rear areas. This will greatly enhance the psychological impact of the armour when it does appear.
The successful use of armour in this campaign strongly influenced Indian tactics in the 1962 war where great efforts were made to deploy armour to inhospitable regions (although with much less success in that case).
===Progression of front lines===
ExplorerCDT [[Talk:List_of_countries_that_only_border_one_other_country#Discussions|said]] "'' <font color=navy>Rome wasn't built in a day. Notice or not, the article is misleading and inaccurate, and is only one of a myriad of articles needing correction. Thus, if you feel this is a battle that should start here, let's start here and rush the barricades with me, or you can just shut up, let my changes stand, and stop being an ass. ''</font>"
*It is interesting to chart the progress of the front lines. After a certain troop density is reached progress was very slow with victories being counted in the capture of individual villages or peaks. Where troop density was lower (as it was in the High Himalayas sector and at the start of the war) rates of advance can be very high.
===Deployment of forces===
*The Jammu and Kashmir state forces were spread out in small packets along the frontier to deal with terrorist incidents. This made them very vulnerable to a conventional attack. India used this tactic against East Pakistan in 1971.
==References==
===Major Sources===
*“Operations In Jammu and Kashmir 1947-1948” Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Thomson Press (India) Limited. New Delhi 1987. This is the Indian Official History, and was the major source for this work.
*“The Indian Army After Independence”, by KC Praval, 1993. Lancer International, 1-897829-45-0
*“Slender Was The Thread: The Kashmir confrontation 1947-1948”, by Maj Gen LP Sen, 1969. Orient Longmans Ltd New Delhi.
*“Without Baggage: A personal account of the Jammu and Kashmir Operations 1947-1949” Lt Gen. E. A. Vas. 1987. Natraj Publishers Dehradun. ISBN 81-85019-09-6.
===Other Sources===
*“The Indian Armour: History Of The Indian Armoured Corps 1941-1971”, by Maj Gen Gurcharn Sandu, 1987, Vision Books Private Limited, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7094-004-4.
*“Thunder over Kashmir”, by Lt Col Maurice Cohen. 1955 Orient Longman Ltd. Hyderabad
*“Battle of Zoji La”, by Brig Gen SR Hinds, Military Digest, New Delhi, 1962.
*“History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (1820-1956)”, by Maj K Barhma Singh, Lancer International New Dehli, 1990, ISBN 81-7062-091-0.
==See also==
None of them have proceeded to change the content of other [[:Category:Lists of countries|lists of countries]] with the same probelm.
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
*[[Partition of India]]
[[Category:Indo-Pakistan Wars]]
Huaiwei and SchmuckyTheCat have had a record of removing Hong Kong and Macao to be listed like a country on other pages, such as [[list of highways]], [[lists of subnational entities]]. While I am not going to question on their intentions, their previous records have to be noted and taken into account. — [[User:Instantnood|Insta]][[User_talk:Instantnood|ntnood]] 14:09, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)
[[Category:Kashmir]]
[[Category:1947]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir]]
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