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'''Manisha Koirala''' is a [[Bollywood]] actress. She was born in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] on [[August 16]], [[1970]], and studied at the [[Army Public School]], in [[New Delhi]]. Koirala is also an accomplished [[Bharatnatyam]] and [[Manipuri]] dancer.
The '''Oriental Republic of Uruguay''' is a country in southern [[South America]], bordered by [[Brazil]] to the north, the [[Uruguay River]] to the west, the estuary of the [[Rio de la Plata]] (River Plate) to the southwest, with [[Argentina]] on the other bank of both, and finally the South [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the southeast.
Koirala was born into the politically powerful [[Koirala]] family; her father, grandfather, and two of her great uncles were Prime Ministers of Nepal. Her first movie was the Subhash Ghai directed "saudagar" . She later went on to become a [[Maniratnam]] favourite starring in two of his movies [[Bombay]] and [[Dilse]]. Her inability to be choosy among films has almost damaged her career.
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px">
<caption><font size="+1">'''República Oriental del Uruguay'''</font></caption>
<tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Uruguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of Uruguay]]</td>
<td align="center" width="140px" rowspan="2" height="150px">[[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|Uruguay: Coat of Arms]]</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" width="140px">([[Flag of Uruguay|In Detail]])</td>
</table></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: "Liberty or Death"''<br>''([[Spanish language|Spanish]]; Libertad o Muerte)''</font></td></tr>
<tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationUruguay.png]]</td></tr>
<tr><td width="115px">[[Official language]] <td>[[Spanish language|Spanish]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[Montevideo]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[List of Presidents of Uruguay|President]] <td>[[Jorge Batlle]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Area]]<br> - Total <br> - % water</td><td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 88th]] <br>[[1 E11 m2|176,220 km2]] <br> 1.5%</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Population]]
<br> - Total ([[2000]])
<br> - [[Population density|Density]]</td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 127th]]
<br> 3,360,105
<br> 19/km² </td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Independence]]
<br> - Declared
<br> - Recognised </td><td>From [[Brazil]]
<br> [[August 25]], [[1825]]
<br> [[August 27]], [[1828]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Currency]] </td><td>Uruguayan [[peso]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] -3</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[National anthem]] </td><td>[[Orientales, la Patria o la tumba]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Top-level ___domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.UY</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[List of country calling codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>598</td></tr>
</table>
==External History link==
* {{imdb name|id=0463539|name=Manisha Koirala}}
''Main article: [[History of Uruguay]]''
{{Nepal-stub}}
The first [[Europe]]ans arrived in the area in the early [[16th century]]. Both [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] pursued the colonisation of the future Uruguay, with the Spanish eventually gaining the upper hand. The future capital [[Montevideo]] was founded in the early [[18th century]] and became a rival to [[Buenos Aires]] across the [[Rio de la Plata]].
{{India-actor-stub}}
[[Category:1970 births|Koirala, Manisha]]
The early [[19th century]] saw independence movements spring up all over [[South America]], including Uruguay, then known as the ''Banda Oriental'' ("east bank"), with the territory contested between the nascent states of [[Brazil]] and [[Argentina]]. Brazil annexed the area in [[1821]], but a new revolt started [[August 25]]th [[1825]], after which Uruguay became an independent country with the [[Treaty of Montevideo]] in [[1828]].
[[Category:Nepalese actors|Koirala, Manisha]]
[[sv:Manisha Koirala]]
Uruguay then experienced a series of elected and appointed presidents and saw conflicts with neighboring states, political and economic fluctuations and modernisation, and large inflows of immigrants, mostly from Europe. The military seized control of the administration in [[1973]] and civilian rule did not return until [[1985]], a year after widespread violent protests against the military regime.
== Politics ==
''Main article: [[Politics of Uruguay]]''
Uruguay's [[1967]] [[constitution]] institutionalises a strong [[president|presidency]], subject to [[legislative]] and [[judiciary|judicial]] checks. The [[President of Uruguay|president]], who is both [[head of state]] and [[head of government]], is elected by popular vote for a five-year term, with the vice president elected on the same ticket. Thirteen [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] ministers, appointed by the president, head [[executive]] departments.
The Uruguayan [[parliament]] is the bicameral General Assembly or ''Asamblea General'', which consists of a 30-member [[senate]] (''Cámara de Senadores''), presided over by the vice president of the republic, and a 99-member Chamber of Representatives (''Cámara de Representantes''). Members for both houses are elected by popular vote for a five-year term.
The highest court is the Supreme Court; below it are appellate and lower courts and justices of the peace. In addition, there are electoral and administrative ("contentious") courts, an accounts court, and a military judicial system.
== Departments ==
''Main article: [[Departments of Uruguay]]''
Uruguay consists of 19 departments (''departamentos'', singular - ''departamento''):
<div style="float:right">[[Image:Uy-map.png|Map of Uruguay]]</div>
* [[Artigas]]
* [[Canelones]]
* [[Cerro Largo]]
* [[Colonia (departamento)|Colonia]]
* [[Durazno]]
* [[Flores, Uruguay|Flores]]
* [[Florida, Uruguay|Florida]]
* [[Lavalleja]]
* [[Maldonado]]
* [[Montevideo]]
* [[Paysandú]]
* [[Río Negro department|Río Negro]]
* [[Rivera]]
* [[Rocha]]
* [[Salto]]
* [[San José, Uruguay|San José]]
* [[Soriano]]
* [[Tacuarembó]]
* [[Treinta y Tres]]
== Geography ==
''Main article: [[Geography of Uruguay]]''
Uruguay is the second-smallest country in [[South America]] and the landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hills (''cuchilla'') with a fertile coastal lowland; most of it grassland, ideal for [[cattle]] and sheep raising. The highest point in the country is the [[Cerro Catedral]] at 514 m. To the southwest is the [[Rio de la Plata]] (Silver River), the estuary of the [[Uruguay River]] that forms the western border, and the [[Parana River]], that does not run through Uruguay itself. The only other major river is the [[Rio Negro, Uruguay|Rio Negro]] and several lagunes are found along the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast.
The [[climate]] in Uruguay is [[temperate climate|temperate]], but fairly warm as freezing temperatures are almost unknown. The predominantly flat landscape is also somewhat vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts, as well as to the [[pampero]], a chilly and occasionally violent wind blowing north from the [[pampa]]s plains in [[Argentina]].
== Economy ==
''Main article: [[Economy of Uruguay]]''
Uruguay's economy is characterised by an export-oriented [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in [[1996]]-[[1998]], in [[1999]]-[[2001]] the economy suffered from lower demand in [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]], which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in South America.
Challenges for the government of President Jorge Batlle include reducing the [[budget deficit]], expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its [[Mercosur]] trade partners, and reducing the costs of public services. [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] fell by 1.3% in 2000 and by 1.5% in 2001.
== Demographics ==
''Main article: [[Demographics of Uruguay]]''
As a [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking]] country of [[Latin America]], most Uruguayans share a [[Spain|Spanish]] cultural background, even though about one-quarter of the population is of [[Italy|Italian]] origin. Some 88% of the population is of European descent, with [[mestizo]]s (8%) and blacks (4%) forming the only significant ethnic minorities. Church and state are officially separated, with most adhering to the [[Roman Catholic]] faith (66%), with smaller [[Protestant]] (2%) and [[Judaism|Jewish]] (1%) communities, as well as a large nonprofessing group (31%)
Uruguay is distinguished by its high [[literacy]] rate, large urban middle class, and relatively even income distribution. During the past two decades, an estimated 500,000 Uruguayans have emigrated, principally to [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]]. As a result of the low birth rate, high [[life expectancy]], and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people, Uruguay's population is quite mature.
== Culture ==
''Main article: [[Culture of Uruguay]]''
* [[List of Uruguayans]]
* [[Music of Uruguay]]
== Miscellaneous topics ==
* [[Communications in Uruguay]]
* [[Transportation in Uruguay]]
* [[Military of Uruguay]]
* [[Foreign relations of Uruguay]]
* [[Mario Benedetti]], Uruguay's best-known living writer
== External links ==
* [http://www.presidencia.gub.uy Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay] - Official presidential site (in Spanish)
* [http://www.uruguay.com Uruguay.com] - Uruguayan portal (in Spanish, with English links)
* [http://www.rsf.fr/article.php3?id_article=4116 World-wide press freedom index] - Rank 21 out of 139 countries (3 way tie)
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[[Category:South American Countries]]
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