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Orkney and List of mobile network operators: Difference between pages

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[[nl:Orkney Eilanden]]
[[de:Orkney]]
'''The Orkney Islands''' form one of 32 unitary council regions in [[Scotland]], and are a [[Lieutenancy areas of Scotland|Lieutenancy Area]]. Orkney consists of about 200 small [[island]]s 16 kilometers north of [[Caithness]] in northern [[Scotland]]. The largest island in the group is known as "The Mainland"; about 20 are inhabited in total.
 
This is a '''list of [[mobile phone]] [[mobile phone network|network]] operating companies'''.
Orkney's administrative capital is [[Kirkwall]] on The Mainland. Home to the [[Saint Magnus Cathedral]], it has about 7,000 inhabitants and a large port. The only other [[burgh]] is [[Stromness]] at the western end of The Mainland, with a population of only about 2,000. The third largest settlement is [[St Margaret's Hope]], on South Ronaldsay.
 
{{TOCright}}
==Islands==
== World ==
These are the world's '''largest mobile network operators''', by number of subscribers (and by proportionate subscribers, if the company has holdings in other operators). The largest in the world by turnover is [[Vodafone]].
 
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
[[image:Orkney_Islands.PNG|thumb|Orkney Islands]]
|-
! Rank !! Company !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in [[million]]s)</small> !! Subscribers<br><small>(including minority stakes)</small>
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[China Mobile]] ([[China]]) || [[GSM]] || 231.01 ||
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] ([[United Kingdom]]) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 165.01 || 450.90
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[China Unicom]] ([[China]]) || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 122.99 ||
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[T-Mobile]] ([[Germany]]) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 80.88 || 120.00
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[América Móvil]] ([[Mexico]]) || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 73.76 ||
|-
|align=right| 6 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]] ([[Spain]]) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 69.94 || 85.27
|-
|align=right| 7 || [[Orange SA|Orange]] ([[France]]) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 66.74 || 69.55
|-
|align=right| 8 || [[Cingular Wireless|Cingular]] ([[United States]]) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 54.00 ||
|-
|align=right| 9 || [[NTT DoCoMo]] ([[Japan]]) || [[Personal Digital Cellular|PDC]], [[FOMA]] || 50.82 ||
|-
|align=right| 10 || [[Mobile TeleSystems|MTS]] ([[Russia]]) || [[GSM]] || 48.33 ||
|}
 
==Americas==
The largest island in Orkney is known as [[Orkney Mainland|The Mainland]]. Other islands can be classified as north or south of The Mainland. The islands north of The Mainland are known collectively as The North Isles, those to the south as The South Isles.
===Argentina=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The country had in [[August]] [[2005]] 18,758,335 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
| [[movistar]] || [[GSM]] || 6.73 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
| [[CTI Movil]] || [[GSM]] || 4.92 || [[América Móvil]]
|-
| [[Personal (mobile phone service)|Personal]] || [[GSM]] || 4.81 || [[Telecom Argentina]]
|-
| [[NEXTEL]] || [[iDEN]] || 0.43 || [[Sprint Nextel]]
|}
 
===Brazil=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
===The North Isles===
The country had 78,947,332 subscribers in total, or a 42.85% penetration rate.
The northern group of islands is the most extensive and consists of a large number of moderately sized islands, linked to the Mainland by ferries. Most of the islands described as "[[holm]]s" are very small.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''National operators'''
|-
| [[Vivo (mobile phone network)|Vivo]] [http://www.vivo.com.br/]|| [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 28.79 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]] and [[Portugal Telecom]]
|-
| [[Telecom Italia Mobile|TIM]] [http://www.tim.com.br/]|| [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 18.01 || [[Telecom Italia]]
|-
| [[Claro (mobile phone network)|Claro]] [http://www.claro.com.br/]|| [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 17.12 ||[[América Móvil]]
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''Regional operators'''
|-
| [[Oi (mobile phone network)|Oi]] [http://www.oi.com.br/] || [[GSM]] || 8.72 || [[Telemar]]
|-
| [[Telemig Celular]]/[[Amazônia Celular]] [http://www.telemigcelular.com.br/]|| [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 4.23 || [[Telpart]]
|-
| [[Brasil Telecom GSM]] [http://www.brasiltelecom.com.br/]|| [[GSM]] || 1.64 || [[Brasil Telecom]]
|-
| [[CTBC]] [http://www.ctbc.com.br/]|| [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 0.35 ||
|-
| [[Sercomtel Celular]] [http://www.sercomtelcelular.com.br/]|| [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 0.09 || [[Londrina]] city ([[Paraná]])[[State-owned]] [[Sercomtel]]
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''Specialized Mobile Radio'''
|-
| [[NEXTEL]] [http://www.nextel.com.br/]|| [[iDEN]] || || [[Sprint Nextel]]
|}
 
===Canada=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
* [[Auskerry]]
{{main|List of Canadian mobile phone companies}}
* [[Calf of Eday]]
The country had 15,583,039 subscribers in total.
* [[Damsay]]
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
* [[Eday]], [[Egilsay]], [[Eynhallow]]
|-
* [[Faray]]
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
* [[Gairsay]]
|-
* [[Helliar Holm]], [[Holm of Faray]], [[Holm of Huip]], [[Holm of Papay]], [[Holm of Scockness]]
|align=right| 1 || [[Rogers Wireless]] || [[GSM]] || 5.71 || [[Rogers Communications]]
* [[Kili Holm]]
|-
* [[Linga Holm]]
|align=right| 2 || [[Bell Mobility]] || [[CDMA]] || 4.44 || [[Bell Canada]]
* [[Muckle Green Holm]]
|-
* [[North Ronaldsay]]
|align=right| 3 || [[TELUS Mobility]] || [[CDMA]] || 4.15 || [[Telus]]
* [[Papa Stronsay]], [[Papa Westray]]
|-
* [[Rousay]], [[Rusk Holm]]
|align=right| 4 || [[Microcell Telecommunications|Fido]] || [[GSM]] || || [[Rogers Wireless]]
* [[Sanday, Orkney|Sanday]], [[Shapinsay]], [[Stronsay]], [[Sweyn Holm]]
|-
* [[Westray]], [[Wyre, Orkney|Wyre]]
|align=right| 5 || [[Aliant Mobility]] || [[CDMA]] ||0.67 || [[Aliant]]
|-
|align=right| 6 || [[SaskTel Mobility]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.32 || [[SaskTel]]
|-
|align=right| 7 || [[MTS Mobility]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.30 || [[Manitoba Telecom Services|MTS]]
|-
|align=right| 8 || [[Virgin Mobile]] || [[CDMA]] || || [[Virgin Group]]
|}
 
===The South IslesChile===
The country had in [[June]] [[2005]] 10,572,000 subscribers in total.
The southern group of islands surrounds [[Scapa Flow]]. Hoy is the highest of the Orkney Isles, while South Ronaldsay and Burray are linked to the Mainland by the [[Churchill Barriers]]. The [[Pentland Skerries]] lie further south, close to the Scottish mainland.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Ownership
|-
| [[movistar]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || [[Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
| [[Entel PCS]] || [[GSM]] || [[Hurtado Vicuña]]
|-
| [[Smartcom]] || [[CDMA]] || [[América Móvil]]
|}
 
===Colombia=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
* [[Burray]]
The country had 15,581,389 subscribers in total.
* [[Calf of Flotta]], [[Cava]], [[Copinsay]], [[Corn Holm]]
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
* [[Fara]], [[Flotta]]
|-
* [[Glims Holm]], [[Graemsay]]
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
* [[Hoy]], [[Hunda]]
|-
* [[Lamb Holm]]
|align=right| 1 || [[Comcel]] || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 9.17 || [[América Móvil]]
* [[Rysa Little]]
|-
* [[South Ronaldsay]], [[Switha]], [[Swona]]
|align=right| 2 || [[movistar]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 4.76 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Ola]] || [[GSM]] || 1.65 || [[Empresas Públicas de Medellín]] and [[Empresa de Teléfonos de Bogotá]]
|}
 
===Ecuador=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
== Geography ==
The country had 5,221,535 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Porta]] || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 3.38 || [[América Móvil]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[movistar]] || [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 1.65 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Alegro PCS]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.18 || [[TELECSA]]
|}
 
===Mexico=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The [[Pentland Firth]] separates Orkney from the mainland of Scotland. The firth is 6.75 miles wide between Brough Ness on the island of South Ronaldsay and Duncansbay Head in Caithness.
The country had 42,530,100 subscribers in total, or a 40.00% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Telcel]] || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 32.29 || [[América Móvil]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[movistar]] || [[GSM]] || 5.85 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Iusacell]] || [[CDMA]] || 1.62 || [[Grupo Salinas]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[Unefon]] || [[CDMA]] || 1.44 || [[Moisés Saba]] and [[TV Azteca]]
|}
 
===Peru=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
Orkney lies between 58° 41' and 59° 24' North, and 2° 22' and 3° 26' West, measures 50 miles from Northeast to Southwest and 29 miles from East to West, and covers 240,476 acres or 3755 square miles. Excepting on the west coasts of the larger islands, which present rugged cliff scenery remarkable both for beauty and for colouring, the group lies somewhat low and is of bleak aspect.
The country had 4,655,214 subscribers in total, or a 16.62% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[movistar]] || [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 2.99 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[TIM]] || [[GSM]] || 1.46 || [[América Móvil]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[NEXTEL]] || [[iDEN]] || 0.21 || [[Sprint Nextel]]
|}
 
===United States=== (as of [[December]] [[2004]])
The highest hills are on Hoy. The only other islands containing heights of any importance are The Mainland, with Ward Hill (880 feet), and Wideford Hill and Rousay. Nearly all of the islands possess lochs (lakes), and [[The Loch of Harray]] and [[The Loch of Stenness]] on The Mainland attain noteworthy proportions. The rivers are merely streams draining the high land. Excepting on the west fronts of the Mainland, Hoy and Rousay, the coastline of the islands is deeply indented, and the islands themselves are divided from each other by straits generally called "sounds" or "firths", though off the north-east of Hoy the designation "Bring Deeps" is used, south of The Mainland is [[Scapa Flow]] and to the south-west of Eday is found the [[Fall of Warness]].
The country had 182,140,862 subscribers in total.
These are the largest mobile phone companies in the [[United States]], by number of subscribers.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Cingular]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 54.0 || [[SBC Communications|SBC]] (60%) and [[BellSouth]] (40%)
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Verizon Wireless]] || [[CDMA]] || 47.4 || [[Verizon Communications]] (55%) and [[Vodafone]] (45%)
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Sprint]] || [[CDMA]], [[iDEN]] || 44.4 || [[Sprint Nextel Corporation]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || 19.2 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[ALLTEL]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 10.6 || [[ALLTEL|ALLTEL Corporation]]
|-
|align=right| 6 || [[U.S. Cellular]] || [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 5.2 || [[U.S. Cellular|United States Cellular Corp.]]
|-
|align=right| 7 || [[TracFone]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 4.9 || [[América Móvil]]
|-
|align=right| 8 || [[Virgin Mobile]] ([[Mobile Virtual Network Operator|MVNO]] using Sprint) || [[CDMA]] || 3.0 || [[Virgin Group]]
|-
|align=right| 9 || [[Dobson Communications]] || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]] || 1.6 ||
|-
|align=right| 10 || [[MetroPCS]] || [[CDMA]] || 1.5 ||
|-
|align=right| 11 || [[Cricket Communications]] || [[CDMA]] || 1.49 ||
|}
 
''In [[North America]], IS-2000 is commonly known as [[Code division multiple access|CDMA]]. IS-136 is known as [[Time division multiple access|TDMA]]. However, CDMA and TDMA are general terms that can refer to several different technologies.''
The very names of the islands indicate their nature: the terminal "a" or "ay" represents the Norse ''ey'', meaning "island", which is scarcely disguised even in the words "Pomona" (an older alternative name for The Mainland) and "Hoy". The islets are usually styled "holms" and the isolated rocks "skerries".
 
===Venezuela===
The [[tidal current]]s, or races, or "roost" (as some of them are called locally, from the [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]) off many of the isles run with enormous velocity, and whirlpools are of frequent occurrence, and strong enough at times to prove a source of danger to small craft.
The country had in [[June]] [[2005]] 9,830,348 subscribers in total, or a 37.10% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers !! Ownership
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''National operators'''
|-
| [[movistar]] || [[CDMA]] || 5.2 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
| [[Movilnet]] || [[CDMA]], [[TDMA]] || 3.4 || [[Cantv]] and [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]]
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''Regional operators'''
|-
| [[Digitel TIM]] || [[GSM]] || 1.2 || [[Telecom Italia]]
|-
| [[Digicel]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[Infonet]] || [[GSM]] ||
|}
 
==Asia Pacific==
The charm of Orkney does not lie in their ordinary physical features, so much as in beautiful atmospheric effects, extraordinary examples of light and shade, and rich coloration of cliff and sea.
===Australia=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The country had 18,094,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=90| Subscribers!!width=150| Ownership
|-
| [[Telstra Mobile]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 8.23 || [[Telstra]] (~50% [[State-owned]])
|-
|| [[Optus Mobile]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 6.03 || [[Singapore Telecommunications]]
|-
| [[Vodafone]] || [[GSM]] || 2.89 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
| [[3 (telecommunications)|3]] || [[UMTS]] || 0.53 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|-
|| [[Orange Australia]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.42 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|}
 
===Bangladesh=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The islands are notable for the lack of trees, which is partly accounted for by the amount of wind (although the climate in general is temperate). The formation of [[peat]] is evidence that this was not always the case, and deliberate deforestation is believed to have taken place at some stage prior to the [[Neolithic]], the use of stone in settlements such as [[Skara Brae]] being evidence of the lack of availability of timber for building.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 3,762,000 subscribers in total, or a 2.80% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[GrameenPhone]] || [[GSM]] || 3.70 || [[Telenor]] and [[Grameen Bank]]
|-
|| [[Aktel]] || [[GSM]] || 2.00 || [[AK Khan & Company]] and [[Telekom Malaysia]]
|-
|| [[Banglalink]] || [[GSM]] || 0.46 || [[Orascom Telecom]]
|-
|| [[CityCell]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.32 || [[Singapore Telecommunications]], [[Pacific Motors]] and [[Far East Telecom]]
|-
|| [[bMobile]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[State-owned]]
|}
 
===China, People's Republic of=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
Most of the land is still taken up by farms, and agriculture is by far the most important sector of the economy, with fishing also being a major occupation. Orkney exports [[beef]], [[cheese]], [[whisky]], [[beer]], [[fish]] and [[seafood]].
The country had 372,800,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
| [[China Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || 231.01 || [[State-owned]]
|-
| [[China Unicom]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 122.99 || [[State-owned]]
|}
 
====Hong Geology Kong====
The administrative region had in [[June]] [[2005]] 8,384,880 subscribers in total, or a 120.80% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology!!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[CSL]] (CSL, 1O1O and One2Free) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM|GSM-900]], [[GSM-1800]], [[TDMA]] || [[Telstra]]
|-
|| [[3 (telecommunications)|3]]<sup>1</sup> || [[UMTS]], [[GSM|GSM-900]], [[GSM-1800]], [[CDMA]] || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|-
|| [[Smartone]] and [[eXtra]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM|GSM-900]], [[GSM-1800]] || [[Sun Hung Kai]] and [[BT]]
|-
|| [[Sunday Communications Ltd|Sunday]]<sup>2</sup> || [[UMTS]], [[GSM-1800]] ||
|-
|| [[Peoples (wireless provider)|Peoples]] || [[GSM-1800]] ||
|-
|| [[New_World_Development_Co._Ltd.|New World Mobility]] || [[GSM-1800]] ||
|}
<sub>
1. Previously [[Orangina SA|Orange]] Hong Kong, [[Xin Gan Xian]], [[Everyday PCS]].<br>
2. July 2005: [[PCCW]] former owner of [[CSL]] has agreed in June to buy the 59.9% of shares held by the two biggest shareholders at HK$0.65 each share. The acquisition has received approval from Hong Kong's Office of the Telecommunications Authority, and has progressed to a mandatory unconditional cash offer to buy the remaining stock at HK$0.65 per share. Total cost to [[PCCW]] will be approx HK$1.942bn, allowing its reentry into the wireless market and access to [[Sunday]]'s 3G licence.
</sub>
 
===China, Republic of (Taiwan)=== (as of [[July]] [[2005]])
All the islands of this group are built up entirely of Old Red [[Sandstone]]. As in the neighbouring mainland county of [[Caithness]], these rocks rest upon the [[metamorphic]] rocks of the eastern [[schist]]s, as may be seen on The Mainland, where a narrow strip is exposed between Stromness and Inganess, and again in the small island of Graemsay; they are represented by grey [[gneiss]] and [[granite]].
The country had 20,515,000 subscribers in total, or a 90.92% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Chunghwa Telecom]] || [[GSM]] || 8.11 || [[State-owned]]
|-
|| [[Far EasTone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || ||
|-
|| [[KG Telecom]] || [[GSM]] || ||
|-
|| [[MobiTai]] || [[GSM]] || ||
|-
|| [[Taiwan Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || ||
|-
|| [[VIBO]] || [[UMTS]] || ||
|-
|| [[APBW]] || [[CDMA]] || ||
|}
 
===India=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
The upper division of the Old Red Sandstone is found only on Hoy, where it forms the Old Man of Hoy and neighbouring cliffs on the northwest coast. The [[Old Man of Hoy]] presents a characteristic section, for it exhibits a thick pile of massive, current-bedded red [[sandstone]]s, resting, near the foot of the pinnacle, upon a thin bed of amygdaloidal [[porphyrite]], which in its turn lies unconformably upon steeply inclined flagstones. This bed of [[volcanic]] rock may be followed northward in the cliffs, and it may be noticed that it thickens considerably in that direction.
The country had 62,570,000 subscribers in total, or a 5.76% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Airtel]] || [[GSM]] || 13.41 || [[Bharti Tele-Ventures]]
|-
|| [[BSNL]] || [[GSM]] || 11.32 || [[State-owned]]
|-
|| [[RIM]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 11.13 || [[Reliance Industries Limited]]
|-
|| [[Hutch (Indian cellular company)|Hutch]] || [[GSM]] || 9.30 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|-
|| [http://www.ideacellular.com !DEA] || [[GSM]] || 5.88 ||[[Birla]] ([[Tata Group]])
|-
|| [[Spice]] || [[GSM]] || 1.48 || [[Spicecorp]] and [[DISTACOM]]
|-
|| [[MTNL]] || [[GSM]] || 1.22 || [[State-owned]]
|}
 
===Indonesia=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The Lower Old Red Sandstone is represented by well-bedded flagstones over most of the islands; in the south of The Mainland these are faulted against an overlying series of massive red [[sandstone]]s, but a gradual passage from the flagstones to the sandstones may be followed from Westray southeastwards into Eday. A strong synclinal fold traverses Eday and Shapinsay, the axis being North and South. Near Haco's Ness in Shapinsay there is a small exposure of amygdaloidal [[diabase]], which is (of course) older than that on Hoy.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 30,000,000 subscribers in total, or a 13.48% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Telkomsel]] || [[GSM]] || 21.58 || [[State-owned]] [[PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia]] and [[Singapore Telecommunications]]
|-
|| [[Indosat]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 12.90 || [[Technologies Telemedia]]
|-
|| [[XL]] || [[GSM]] || 4.30 || [[Telekom Malaysia]]
|-
|| [[Mobile8]] || [[CDMA]] || ||
|-
|| [[Esia]] || [[CDMA]] || ||
|-
|| [[TelkomFlexi]] || [[CDMA]] || ||
|-
|| [[LippoTel]] || [[GSM]] || ||
|}
 
===Japan=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]]) ([[Mobile]] and [[Personal Handy-phone System]] included)
Many indications of ice action are found on these islands; striated surfaces are to be seen on the cliffs in Eday and Westray, in Kirkwall Bay and on Stennie Hill in Eday; boulder [[clay]], with marine shells, and with many boulders of rocks foreign to the islands ([[chalk]], oolitic limestone, [[flint]], etc), which must have been brought up from the region of Moray Firth, rests upon the old strata in many places. Local [[moraine]]s are found in some of the valleys in The Mainland and Hoy.
The country had 93,314,900 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
| [[NTT DoCoMo]] || [[Personal Digital Cellular|PDC]], [[FOMA]], [[Personal Handy-phone System|PHS]] || 50.82 || [[NTT]] (~50% [[State-owned]])
|-
| [[KDDI Corporation|KDDI]] || [[CDMA]] || 20.54 || [[KDDI Corporation|KDDI]]
|-
| [[Vodafone Japan]] || [[UMTS]], [[Personal Digital Cellular|PDC]] || 14.99 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
| [[TU-KA]] || [[Personal Digital Cellular|PDC]] || 3.53 || [[KDDI Corporation|KDDI]]
|-
| [[Willcom]] || [[Personal Handy-phone System|PHS]] || 3.37 || [[Carlyle Group]], [[Kyocera]] and [[KDDI Corporation|KDDI]]
|-
| [[Astel]] || [[Personal Handy-phone System|PHS]] || 0.07 ||
|}
 
===Korea, Republic of=== (as of [[September]] [[2005]])
== Climate ==
The country had 37,911,000 subscribers in total, or a 78.30% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
| [[SK Telecom]] || [[UMTS]], [[CDMA]] || 19.34 || [[SK Corporation]]
|-
| [[KTF]] || [[UMTS]], [[CDMA]] || 12.28 || [[KT Corporation|KT]]
|-
| [[LG Telecom]] || [[CDMA]] || 6.29 || [[LG Group|LG Corporation]] and [[BT Group plc|BT]]
|}
 
===Malaysia=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The climate is remarkably temperate and equable for so northerly a latitude. The average temperature for the year is 8°C (46°F), for winter 4°C (39°F) and for summer 12°C (54°F). The winter months are January, February and March, the last being the coldest. Spring never begins before April, and it is the middle of June before the heat grows genial. September is frequently the finest month, and at the end of October or the beginning of November occurs the peerie (or little) summer, the counterpart of the St Martin's summer of more southerly climes.
The country had 16,551,000 subscribers in total, or a 63.30% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
| [[Maxis Berhad]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || ||
|-
| [[Celcom]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || || [[Telekom Malaysia]]
|-
| [[Digi]] || [[GSM]] || || [[Telenor]]
|}
 
===Pakistan=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
The average annual rainfall varies from 85 cm to 94 cm. Fogs occur during summer and early autumn, and furious gales may be expected four or five times in the year, when the crash of the Atlantic waves is audible for 30 km.
The country had 15,511,045 subscribers in total, or a 10.07% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Mobilink]] || [[GSM]] || 7.46 || [[Orascom Telecom]]
|-
|| [[Ufone GSM]] || [[GSM]], [[CDMA]] || 2.57 || [[State-owned]]
|-
|| [[Paktel]] || [[GSM]], [[TDMA]], [[AMPS]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[Millicom]]
|-
|| [[Telenor]] || [[GSM]] || 0.83 || [[Telenor]]
|-
|| [[Instaphone]] || [[TDMA]], [[AMPS]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[Millicom]]
|-
|| [[Warid Telecom]] || [[GSM]] || 0.51 || [[Abu Dhabi Group]]
|}
 
===Philippines=== (as of [[December]] [[2004]])
To tourists one of the fascinations of the islands is their nightless summers. On the longest day the sun rises at 3 AM and sets at 9.25 PM - and darkness is unknown, it being possible to read at midnight. Winter, however, is long and depressing. On the shortest day the sun rises at 9.10 AM and sets at 3.17 PM.
The country had in [[March]] [[2005]] 34,800,000 subscribers in total, or a 41.10% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Smart Communications]] || [[GSM]] || 14.60 || [[Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company]]
|-
|| [[Globe Telecom]]&sup1; || [[GSM]] || 12.51 || [[Ayala Corporation]] and <br>[[Singapore Telecommunications]]
|-
|| [[Sun Cellular]] || [[GSM]] || 1.20 || [[Digital Telecommunications Philippines]]
|-
|| [[Next Mobile]] || [[Integrated Digital Enhanced Network|iDEN]] || 0.031 ||
|-
|| [[Extelcom]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.01 ||
|-
!colspan=4 align=center| [[Mobile Virtual Network Operator|Mobile Virtual Network Operators]]
|-
| [[Talk 'N Text]] (using Smart) || [[GSM]] || 4.61 || [[Smart Communications]]
|-
| [[Addict Mobile]] (using Smart) || [[GSM]] || || [[Smart Communications]]
|-
| [[Touch Mobile]] (using Globe) || [[GSM]] || || [[Globe Telecom]]
|}
<sub>1. UMTS service for Globe is in testing stage and is planned for launch by at least 2007.</sub>
 
===Thailand=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The soil generally is a sandy [[loam]] or a strong but friable clay, and very fertile. Large quantities of [[seaweed]] as well as [[calcium oxide|lime]] and [[marl]] are available for manure.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 28,000,000 subscribers in total, or a 44.12% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
!width=120| Operator !!width=90| Technology !!width=75| Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !!width=150| Ownership
|-
|| [[Advance Info Service]] (AIS) || [[GSM]] || 15.81 || [[Shin Corporation]] and [[Singapore Telecommunications]]
|-
|| [[DTAC]] || [[GSM]] || 8.24 || [[UCOM]] and [[Telenor]]
|-
|| [[Orange SA|Orange]] || [[GSM]] || || [[True Corporation]] and [[France Télécom]]
|-
|| [[Hutch]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.68 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|-
|| [[Thai Mobile]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || || [[State-owned]]
|}
 
===Vietnam===
== Economic History ==
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 4,960,000 subscribers in total, or a 6.01% penetration rate.
''List of operators not available yet. To come soon''
 
==Europe==
The [[wool]]len trade once promised to reach considerable dimensions, but towards the end of the 18th century was superseded by the [[linen]] (for which [[flax]] came to be largely grown); and when this in turn collapsed before the products of the mills of [[Dundee, Scotland|Dundee]], [[Dunfermline]] and [[Glasgow]], straw-plaiting was taken up, though only to be killed in due time by the competition of the south. The [[kelp]] industry was formerly of at least minor importance.
===Austria=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
The country had 8,128,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Mobilkom Austria|A1]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 3.30 || [[Telekom Austria]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || 2.05 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[One]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 1.54 ||
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[tele.ring]] || [[GSM]] || 0.98 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[3]] || [[UMTS]] || 0.26 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|}
 
===Belgium=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
For several centuries the [[Netherlands | Dutch]] practically monopolised the [[herring]] fishery, but when their supremacy was destroyed by the salt duty, the Orcadians failed to seize the opportunity thus presented, and [[George Barry]] (died [[1805]]) recorded that in his day the fisheries were almost totally neglected. The industry, however, revived, concentrating on herring, [[cod]] and [[ling]], but also catching [[lobster]]s and [[crab]]s.
The country had 8,930,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Proximus]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 4.21 || [[Belgacom]] and [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Mobistar]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 2.87 || [[France Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Base]] || [[GSM]] || 1.85 || [[KPN]]
|}
 
===Bulgaria===
== Communications ==
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 4,729,700 subscribers in total, or a 60.41% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[M-Tel]]<sup>1</sup> || [[GSM]] || || [[Telekom Austria]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[GloBul]] || [[GSM]] || || [[OTE]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Viva]] || [[GSM]] || || [[State-owned]] [[Bulgarian Telecommunation Company|BTC]] (Bulgarian Telecommunication Company)
|}
<sup>1</sup> [[UMTS]] licence has been acquired by [[M-Tel]] in March 2005.
 
===Czech Republic=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
Frequent ferry services operate on the following routes:
The country had 10,834,000 subscribers in total.
* [[Lerwick, Shetland|Lerwick]] to Kirkwall
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
* [[Aberdeen, Scotland|Aberdeen]] to Kirkwall
|-
* [[Scrabster]] to Stromness
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
* [[John O'Groats]] to St Margaret's Hope
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[T-Mobile]]<sup>1</sup> || [[GSM]] || 4.46 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Eurotel Praha]] (Prague) || [[GSM]] || 4.42 || [[Český Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Oskar Mobil]] || [[GSM]] || 1.95 || [[Vodafone]]
|}
<sup>1</sup> [[UMTS]] service for T-Mobile CZ is currently being planned for launch on March 2006.
 
===Finland===
Most of the larger islands have their own airfield or airstrip.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 4,988,000 subscribers in total, or a 95.63% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Ownership
|-
| [[Sonera]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || [[Telia Sonera]]
|-
| [[Elisa]] (formerly Radiolinja) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[DNA Finland]] || [[GSM]] || [[Finnet]]
|-
| [[GSM Åland]] || [[GSM]] || [[Mariehamns Telefon]] and [[Ålands Telefonandelslag]]
|-
!colspan=3 align=center| [[Mobile Virtual Network Operator|Virtual Mobile Network Operators]]
|-
| [[Saunalahti]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[Tele2]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[Cubio]] || [[GSM]] ||
|}
 
===France=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]]) ([[Metropolitan France]] only.)
== Heritage ==
The country had 43,884,700 subscribers in total, or a 75.00% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Orange SA|Orange]] || [[GSM]] || 20.67 || [[State-owned]] [[France Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[SFR]] || [[GSM]] || 15.69 || [[SFR Cegetel]] and [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Bouygues Telecom]] || [[GSM]] || 7.53 || [[Bouygues|Bouygues group]]
|}
 
===Germany=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The famous [[Neolithic]] sites of [[Skara Brae]] and [[Maes Howe]] are located on Mainland. These have both been designated as [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites]].
The country had 74,088,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 28.18 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 27.72 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[E-Plus (operator)|E-Plus]] || [[GSM]] || 9.80 || [[KPN]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[O2 plc|O<sub>2</sub>]] || [[GSM]] || 8.39 || [[O2 plc|O<sub>2</sub> plc]]
|}
 
===Greece=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
[[Viking]] settlers comprehensively occupied Orkney, and the islands became a possession of [[Norway]] until being given to [[Scotland]] during the [[15th century]] as part of a dowry settlement.
The country had 11,659,600 subscribers in total.
Evidence of the Viking presence is widespread, and includes the settlement at the [[Brough of Birsay]], several [[place name]]s, and [[runic]] inscriptions at Maes Howe and other ancient sites.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Cosmote]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 4.38 || [[OTE]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[GSM]] || 4.17 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[TIM]]<sup>1</sup> || [[GSM]] || 2.26 ||
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[Q-Telecom]]<sup>2</sup> || [[GSM]] || 0.85 || [[Info-Quest]]
|}
<sub>
1. Was [[Telestet]] until [[February]] [[2004]] but the name is still used coloquially.<br>
2. The newest mobile telecom in Greece uses Vodafone's infrastructure until it builds its own network.
</sub>
 
===Hungary=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
== History ==
The country had 9,020,623 subscribers in total, or a 89.40% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || 4.09 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Pannon GSM]] || [[GSM]] || 3.08 || [[Telenor]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Vodafone]] || [[GSM]] || 1.86 || [[Vodafone]]
|}
 
===Italy===
The word "Orkney" probably derives from the Norse ''Orkn'' (seal), and ''ey'' (island). The original inhabitants were [[Pict]]s, evidence of whose occupation still exists in numerous "weems" or underground houses, chambered mounds, barrows or burial mounds, "brochs" or round towers, and stone circles and standing stones. Such implements as have survived are of the rudest description, and include [[quern]]s or stone handmills for grinding corn, stone whorls and bone combs employed in primitive forms of woollen manufacture, and specimens of simple pottery ware.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 62,750,000 subscribers in total, or a 109.42% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[TIM]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 26.3 || [[Telecom Italia]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 17 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Wind]] || [[GSM]] || 7.7 || [[Orascom Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[3 (telecommunications)|3]] || [[UMTS]] || 5.2 || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
|}
 
===Netherlands===
The [[Roman Empire|Roman]]s were aware of, and probably circumnavigated, the Orkney Islands, which they called "Orcades". There is evidence that they traded, either directly or indirectly, with the inhabitants. However, they made no attempt to occupy the islands.
The country had in [[June]] [[2005]] 16,660,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[KPN]] || [[GSM]] || 3.9 || [[KPN]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[GSM]] || 3.6 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Telfort]] || [[GSM]] || 2.4 || [[KPN]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[GSM]] || 2.3 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[Orange SA|Orange]] || [[GSM]] || 1.65 || [[France Telecom]]
|}
 
===Norway===
If, as seems likely, the [[Dalriada | Dalriadic]] [[Scots]] established a footing in the islands towards the beginning of the [[6th century]], their success was short-lived, and the Picts regained power and kept it until dispossessed by the [[Norsemen]] in the [[9th century]]. In the wake of the Scots incursionists followed the [[Celtic]] [[mission]]aries about [[565]]. They were companions of [[Saint Columba]] and their efforts to convert the folk to Christianity seem to have impressed the popular imagination, for several islands bear the epithet "Papa" in commemoration of the preachers.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 4,716,090 subscribers in total, or a 102.40% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small>
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Telenor]] || 2.5
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[NetCom (Norway)|NetCom]] || 1.2
|}
 
===Poland===
[[Viking]]s having made the islands the headquarters of their buccaneering expeditions (carried out indifferently against their own [[Norway]] and the coasts and isles of Scotland), [[Harald I of Norway|Harold Haarfager]] ("Fair Hair") subdued the rovers in [[875]] and annexed both Orkney and [[Shetlands|Shetland]] to Norway. They remained under the rule of Norse [[earl]]s until [[1231]], when the line of the ''jarls'' became extinct. In that year the earldom of Caithness was granted to [[Magnus]], second son of the earl of [[Angus]], whom the king of Norway apparently confirmed in the title.
The country had in [[June]] [[2005]] 25,300,000 subscribers in total, or a 65.90% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! <small>Rank</small> !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscri bers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Era (operator)|Era]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 8.60<sup>2</sup> || [[Elektrim]] and [[Deutsche Telekom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Orange Polska]] || [[UMTS]]<sup>1</sup>, [[GSM]] || 7.44<sup>2</sup> || [[TPSA]] and [[France Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Plus GSM]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 7.03<sup>2</sup> || [[Vodafone]], [[TDC (company)|TDC]], KGHM, [[PKN Orlen]], PSE
|-
|align=right| 4 || Netia Mobile<sup>1</sup> || [[UMTS]]<sup>1</sup> || - || Novator 70% and [[Netia]] 30%
|}
 
<sub>
In [[1468]] Orkney and Shetland were pledged by [[Christian I of Denmark]] for the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to [[James III of Scotland]], and as the money was never paid, their connection with the crown of Scotland has been perpetual. In [[1471]] James bestowed the castle and lands of Ravenscraig in [[Fife]] on William, earl of Orkney, in exchange for all his rights to the earldom of Orkney, which, by act of [[parliament]], passed on [[February 20]], [[1472]], was annexed to the Scottish [[The Crown|crown]].
1. Not yet operational as of [[September]] [[2005]].
 
<sub>
In [[1564]] Lord [[Robert Stewart]], natural son of [[James V of Scotland]], who had visited Kirkwall twenty-four years before, was made [[sheriff]] of Orkney and Shetland, and received possession of the estates of the udallers; in [[1581]] he was created earl of Orkney by [[James IV of Scotland|James IV(?)]], the charter being ratified ten years later to his son Patrick, but in [[1615]] the earldom was again annexed to the crown.
2. As of [[December]] [[2004]].
</sub>
 
===Portugal===
The islands were the rendezvous of [[James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose|Montrose]]'s expedition in [[1650]] which culminated in his imprisonment and death. During [[the Protectorate]] they were visited by a detachment of [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]]'s troops, who initiated the inhabitants into various industrial arts and new methods of agriculture.
The country had in [[March]] [[2005]] 10,642,600 subscribers in total, or a 101.60% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Ownership
|-
|[[Telecomunicações Móveis Nacionais, SA|TMN]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || [[Portugal Telecom]]
|-
|[[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|[[Optimus Telecomunicações, S.A.|Optimus]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || [[Sonae]], [[France Télécom]]
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|'''[[Mobile Virtual Network Operator|Mobile Virtual Network Operators]]'''
|-
|[[Yorn|Yorn (Young ORiginal Network)]] (using Vodafone) || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|[[rede4]] (using Optimus) || [[GSM]] || [[Sonae]], [[France Télécom]]
|-
|[[UZO]] (using TMN) || [[GSM]] || [[Portugal Telecom]]
|}
 
===Romania=== (as of [[July]] [[2005]])
In [[1707]] the islands were granted to the earl of [[Morton]] in mortgage, redeemable by the Crown on payment of 30,000 pounds, and subject to an annual feu-duty of 500 pounds; but in [[1766]] his estates were sold to Sir Lawrence Dundas, ancestor of the [[Marquess of Zetland|Earls of Zetland]].
The country had 11,640,000 subscribers in total, or a 53.65% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Orange Romania]] || [[GSM]] || 6.00 || [[France Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Connex GSM Romania]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 5.25 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Zapp Mobile]] || [[CDMA]] || 0.30 || [[Oger Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[Cosmorom]] || [[GSM]] || 0.09 || [[OTE]]
|}
 
===Russian Federation=== (as of [[July]] [[2005]])
In early times both the archbishop of [[Hamburg]] and the archbishop of [[York]] disputed with the Norwegians ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Orkneys and the right of consecrating bishops; but ultimately the Norwegian bishops, the first of whom was [[William the Old]] (consecrated in [[1102]]), continued the canonical succession. The see remained vacant from [[1580]] to [[1606]], and from [[1638]] till the [[English Restoration|Restoration]], and, after the accession of [[William III of England|William III]], the episcopacy was finally abolished ([[1697]]), although many of the clergy refused to conform.
The country had 102,440,000 subscribers in total, or a 70.60% penetration rate.
These are the largest mobile phone companies in [[Russia]], by number of subscribers.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Mobile TeleSystems|Mobile TeleSystems - MTS]] || [[GSM]] || 35.74 || [[AFK Sistema]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Bee Line GSM|VimpelCom - Bee Line GSM]] || [[GSM]] || 35.35 || [[Telenor]] and [[Alfa Group]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[MegaFon]] || [[GSM]] || 19.15 || [[Telia Sonera]], [[Telecominvest]] and [[IPOC International Growth Fund]]
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[Uralsvyazinform]] || [[GSM]] || 2.95 ||
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[SMARTS]] || [[GSM]] || 2.39 ||
|-
|align=right| 6 || [[Tele2]] || [[GSM]] || 1.91 ||
|-
|align=right| 7 || [[Sibirtelecom]] || [[GSM]] || 1.48 ||
|}
 
===Serbia & Montenegro===
The [[topography]] of the Orkneys is wholly Norse, and the Norse tongue, at last extinguished by the constant influx of settlers from Scotland, lingered until the end of the [[18th century]]. Readers of [[Walter Scott|Scott]]'s ''Pirate'' will remember the frank contempt which Magnus Troil expressed for the [[Scots]], and his opinions probably accurately reflected the general Norse feeling on the subject. When the islands were given as security for the princess's dowry, there seems reason to believe that it was intended to redeem the pledge, because it was then stipulated that the Norse system of government and the law of [[Olav II of Norway | Saint Olaf]] should continue to be observed in Orkney and Shetland. Thus the [[udal]] succession and mode of land tenure (that is, absolute [[freehold (real property)|freehold]] as distinguished from [[feudal]] tenure) lingered to some extent, and the remaining udallers held their lands and passed them on without written title.
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 4,729,600 subscribers in total, or a 44.96% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small>
|-
| [[MOBTEL]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[ProMonte]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[MONET GSM|MONET]] || [[GSM]] ||
|-
| [[Mobilna Telefonija Srbija]] || [[GSM]] ||
|}
 
===Spain=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
During [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], the [[Royal Navy]] had a major base at [[Scapa Flow]]. The base was closed in [[1956]]
The country had 40,921,800 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[movistar]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 19.38 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 11.84 || [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Amena]]<sup>1</sup> || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 9.70 || [[France Télécom]]
|}
<sub>
1. to be rebranded [[Orange SA|Orange]] Spain
</sub>
 
===Sweden=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
== Language ==
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small>
|-
| [[Telia]] || [[UMTS]],[[GSM]] || 4.32
|-
| [[Tele2Comviq]] || [[UMTS]],[[GSM]] || 3.50
|-
| [[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]],[[GSM]] || 1.52
|-
| [[3 (telecommunications)|3]] || [[UMTS]] ||
|-
| [[Spring Mobil]] || [[GSM]] ||
|}
 
===Switzerland=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The older [[Norn language|Norn]] was replaced by [[Scots language|Scots]] which in turn is being replaced by [[Scottish English]].
The country had 6,426,000 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Swisscom Mobile]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 4.04 || [[State-owned]] [[Swisscom]] and [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Sunrise (telecommunication)|Sunrise]] || [[GSM]] || 1.23 || [[TDC Group]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Orange SA|Orange]] || [[GSM]] || 1.15 || [[France Télécom]]
|}
 
===Turkey=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
== Orcadian People ==
The country had 39,608,677 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Turkcell]] || [[GSM]] || 25.60 || [[Cukurova Group]] and [[Telia Sonera]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Telsim]] || [[GSM]] || ''not available yet'' || Currently possessed by state, to be sold off soon.
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Avea]] || [[GSM]] || ''not available yet'' || [[Türk Telekom]], [[Telecom Italia]] and [[Türk İş Bankası]]
|}
 
===Ukraine=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
Some well-known Orcadians:
The country had 23,000,000 mobile subscribers in total, or a 48.9% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! Technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Ukrainian Mobile Communications]] || [[GSM]], [[Nordic_Mobile_Telephone|NMT]] || ~11.0 || [[Mobile_TeleSystems|MTS]] (100%)
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Kyivstar]] || [[GSM]] || 10.9 || [[Telenor]] (56.52%), [[Alfa_Group|Alfa Group]] (43.48%)
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Astelit life:)]] || [[GSM]] || 1.1 || [[Turkcell]] (54.2%), [[SCM Holdings]] (45.8%)
|-
|align=right| 4 || [[Ukrainian RadioSystems]] || [[GSM]] || 0.1 || [[Optima-Telecom]] and [[PRIVAT Group]]
|-
|align=right| 5 || [[Golden Telecom]] || [[GSM]] || 0.06 || [[Golden Telecom Inc.]] (GLDN)
|-
|align=right| 6 || [[DCC]] || [[TDMA]] || 0.04 || [[Turkcell]] (54.2%), [[SCM Holdings]] (45.8%)
|-
|-
|align=right| - || CDMA operators || [[CDMA]] || 0.1 || [[ITC Ukraine]], [[Velton]], etc.
|-
|}
 
===United Kingdom=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
* [[Saint Magnus|Magnus Erlendsson]] (Saint Magnus) (c1070 - c1117), Earl of Orkney c1105 - 1117
The country had 63,601,000 subscribers in total
* [[Saint Rognvald|Rognvald Kali Kolssson]] (Saint Rognvald) (c1103 - 1158), Earl of Orkney 1136 - 1158
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
* [[James Atkine]] (1613 - 1687), bishop first of Moray and afterwards of Galloway
|-
* [[Murdoch McKenzie]] (died 1797), the hydrographer
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
* [[Malcolm Laing]] (1762 - 1818), author of the ''History of Scotland from the Union of the Crowns to the Union of the Kingdoms''
|-
* [[Mary Brunton]] (1778 - 1818), author of ''Self-Control'', ''Discipline'' and other novels
|align=right| 1 || [[T-Mobile]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 16.06 || [[Deutsche Telekom]]
* [[Samuel Laing]] (1730 - 1868), author of ''A Residence in Norway'', and translator of the ''Heimskringla, the Icelandic chronicle of the kings of Norway''
|-
* [[Thomas Stewart Traill]] (1781 - 1862), professor of medical [[jurisprudence]] at Edinburgh University and editor of the 8th edition of the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 15.49 || [[Vodafone]]
* [[Samuel Laing]] (1812 - 1897), chairman of the London, Brighton. & South Coast railway, and introducer of the system of "parliamentary" trains with fares of one penny a mile
|-
* Dr [[John Rae]] (1813 - 1893), the [[Arctic]] explorer
|align=right| 3 || [[O2 plc|O<sub>2</sub>]] || [[GSM]] || 14.62 || [[O2 plc|O<sub>2</sub> plc]]
* [[William Balfour Baikie]] (1825 - 1864), the [[Africa]]n traveller
|-
* [[Edwin Muir]] (1887 - 1959), author and poet
|align=right| 4 || [[Orange SA|Orange]] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 14.46 || [[France Télécom]]
* [[Stanley Cursiter]] (1887 - 1976), artist
|-
* [[Eric Linklater]] (1899 - 1974), novelist, playwright, journalist, essayist, and poet
|align=right| 5 || [[3 (telecommunications)|3]] || [[UMTS]] || 3.21 <sup>1</sup> || [[Hutchison Whampoa]]
* [[George Mackay Brown]] (1921 - 1996), poet, author, playwright.
|}
<sup>1</sup> Data as of [[August]] [[24]] [[2005]].
 
There are also a number of [[MVNO|Virtual Mobile Network Operators]], including [[Virgin Mobile]], [[Tesco|Tesco Mobile]], and [[EasyGroup|easyMobile]].
Some material from [http://1911encyclopedia.org http://1911encyclopedia.org]
 
==SeeMiddle alsoEast & Africa==
===Algeria=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
[[Trow|Trowe]]''
The country had 9,879,847 subscribers in total, or a 30.87% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Djezzy]] || [[GSM]] || 5.69 || [[Orascom Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Mobilis]] || [[GSM]] || 3.19 || [[State-owned]] [[Algérie Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Nedjma]] || [[GSM]] || 1.00 || [[Wataniya Telecom]]
|}
 
===Egypt=== (as of [[August]] [[2005]])
==External links==
The country had 11,223,984 subscribers in total.
*[http://www.orkneyjar.com Orkneyjar, an Orcadian History and Heritage Site]
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
*[http://www.orkney.gov.uk Orkney Islands Council]
|-
*[http://www.orkneylinks.co.uk Orkney Links Galore!]
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[MobiNil]] [http://www.mobinil.com] || [[GSM]] || 5.91 || [[Orascom Telecom]] and [[France Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodafone]] [http://www.vodafone.com.eg] || [[GSM]] || 5.32 || [[Vodafone]]
|}
 
===Kenya=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
{{msg:Scotland_subdivisions}}
The country had 4,611,070 subscribers in total, or a 14,40% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Safaricom]] [http://www.safaricom.co.ke]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[State-owned]] [[Telkom Kenya]] and [[Vodafone]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Celtel]] [http://www.ke.celtel.com] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[MTC]]
|}
 
===Mauritius=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]]
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 622,565 subscribers in total.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Cellplus]] || [[GSM]] || 0.39 || [[Mauritius Telecom]] group and [[France Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Emtel]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || Millicom International Cellular
|}
 
===Morocco=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The country had 10,725,000 subscribers in total, or a 35.88% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[IAM]] (Itissalat al-Maghrib) [http://www.mobileiam.ma] || [[GSM]] || 7.19 || [[State-owned]] [[Maroc Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Méditel]] [http://www.meditel.ma] || [[GSM]] || 3.54 || [[Telefónica|Telefónica Móviles]] and [[Portugal Telecom]]
|}
 
===Mozambique=== (as of [[May]] [[2005]])
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 708,000 subscribers in total, or a 3.73% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[mCel]] || [[GSM]] || 0.77 || Partially [[state-owned]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Vodacom]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[Telkom]], [[Vodafone]] and [[VenFin]]
|}
 
===Nigeria=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The country had 13,316,597 subscribers in total, or a 10.56% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| || [[Glo Mobile]] [http://www.gloworld.com] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet '' ||
|-
|align=right| || [[MTN Nigeria]] [http://www.mtnonline.com] || [[GSM]] || 6.38 || [[MTN]]
|-
|align=right| || [[Mtel]] [http://www.mtelnigeria.com] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[State-owned]] [[Nitel]]
|-
|align=right| || [[Vmobile]] [http://www.vmobile-nigeria.com] || [[GSM]] || ''Not yet'' || [[First Bank of Nigeria]] and [[AKIIPOC]]
|}
 
===Saudi Arabia===
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 9,175,800 subscribers in total, or a 36.82% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Al Jawal]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[State-owned]] [[Saudi Telecom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Mobily]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[Etisalat]]
|}
 
===South Africa=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Vodacom-Vodafone]] [http://www.vodacom.co.za] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 14.29 || [[Telkom]], [[Vodafone]] and [[VenFin]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[MTN]] [http://www.mtn.co.za] || [[UMTS]], [[GSM]] || 8.41 || [[Mobile Telephone Networks]]
|-
|align=right| 3 || [[Cell C]] [http://www.cellc.co.za] || [[GSM]] || ''not available yet'' || [[Oger Telecom]]
|}
 
===Sudan===
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 1,048,600 subscribers in total, or a 3.04% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Mobitel]] || [[GSM]] || || [[Sudatel]] and [[MSI Cellular Holdings]]
|}
 
===Tunisia=== (as of [[June]] [[2005]])
The country had in [[December]] [[2004]] 3,575,700 subscribers in total, or a 37.59% penetration rate.
{|{{prettytable}} width=435
|-
! Rank !! Operator !! technology !! Subscribers<br><small>(in millions)</small> !! Ownership
|-
|align=right| 1 || [[Tuntel]] || [[GSM]] || ''Not available yet'' || [[State-owned]] [[Tunisie Télécom]]
|-
|align=right| 2 || [[Tunisiana]] || [[GSM]] || 1.56 || [[Wataniya Telecom]] and [[Orascom Telecom]]
|}
 
== Sources of information ==
*[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/cellular04.pdf International Telecommunications Union's cellular statistics]
*[http://www.cellular-news.com/ Cellular News web site]
*[http://www.gsmworld.com GSM Association web site]
*[http://www.cdg.org CDMA Development Group web site]
*[http://www.rtr.at/web.nsf/englisch/Telekommunikation_Markt_Marktinfos_Marktinfos_MarktanteileMobilfunkbetreiber2005?OpenDocument Austrian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.teleco.com.br Brazilian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.cwta.ca Canadian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.sic.gov.co Colombian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.supertel.gov.ec Ecuadorian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.ntc.gov.ph/whatsnew-frame.html Filipino Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.arcep.fr French Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.myphone.gr/library/article-16.html Greek Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.tca.or.jp Japanese Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.osiptel.gop.pe Peruvian Mobile Telecoms' data]
*[http://www.mobile-arsenal.com.ua/ Ukrainian mobile operators info]
*[http://www.americamovil.com América Móvil subsidiaries' subscriber numbers]
*[http://www.unefon.com.mx Unefon subscriber numbers]
*[http://www.iusacell.com.mx Iusacell subscriber numbers]
*[http://www.chinamobilehk.com/investor_relations.htm China Mobile subscriber numbers]
*[http://www.t-mobile.net/CDA/about_t-mobile,2,0,,en.html?w=1088&h=733 T-Mobile company data]
*[http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/aboutUs/index.jsp Verizon company data]
*[http://cingular.com/about/company_overview Cingular company data]
*[http://www.telefonicamoviles.com/eng/accionistaseinversores/inversores/hechos_relev/hechos_relev.html# Telefonica company data]
*[http://www.sprint.com/sprint/fastfacts/overview/ Sprint PCS company data]
*[http://www.t-mobile.com/company/about/quickfacts.asp T-Mobile USA company data]
*[http://www.orange.com/English/aboutorange/whereweare.asp?UID=# Orange Statistics]
*[http://www.mmo2.com/media/pr_040721a.asp O2 Data]
*[http://www.vodafone.com/article_wide/0,3041,CATEGORY_ID%253D306%2526LANGUAGE_ID%253D0%2526CONTENT_ID%253D230772,00.html Vodafone company data]
*[http://www.turkcell.com.tr/index/0,1028,69300,00.html Turkcell company data]
*[http://www.telecomitalia.it/cgi-bin/tiportale/TIPortale/ep/contentView.do?channelId=-9794&LANG=EN&contentId=20336&programId=9597&programPage=/ep/TImedia/TISearch.jsp&tabId=3&pageTypeId=-8663&contentType=EDITORIAL TIM company data]
 
{{MobilePhoneNetworks}}
 
[[Category:Mobile phone companies| ]]
 
[[zh:最大的移动电话公司]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkney"