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'''Orchard Lake''' is a medium-sized inland [[lake]], 795 acres (3.2 km²). It has a 110 feet (34 m) maximum depth and is in the city of [[Orchard Lake Village, Michigan|Orchard Lake Village]], [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]], in [[Michigan]], [[USA]]. It is the second-largest lake in Oakland County after [[Cass Lake (Michigan)|Cass Lake]].
<small>''This article is about the city in Germany. For other articles subjects named Stuttgart, see [[Stuttgart (disambiguation)]].''</small>
The lake is unusual in that there is an large 35 acre (142,000 m²) island in the middle of the lake, Apple Island. The island was frequently inhabited by local [[Native Americans]] before the coming of Western settlers, who later planted an apple orchard on the island, giving rise to the current name of the lake. Apple Island is now abandoned and has been designated a protected [[wildlife sanctuary]]. The small Cedar Island is near the western shore.
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The campus of the old [[Michigan Military Academy]] is on the northeast shore of the lake. The campus is now home to [[SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary]] and [[St. Mary's Preparatory]].
'''Stuttgart''', capital of [[Baden-Württemberg]] state (pop. 11 millions, 36.000 square kilometers) and the Administrative District of Stuttgart (pop. 4 millions, 11.000 sq km), is located in the center of the very densely populated southwestern [[Stuttgart Region]] (2.7 million inhabitants, 3.700 sq km) of [[Germany]], close to both the [[Black Forest]] and the [[Swabian Jura]]. The city center (situated in a lush valley, ringed with vineyards and forests, close to the River [[Neckar]]) itself has an approximate population of 600,000 and covers an area of 210 sq km. Stuttgart with its metropolitan area (the political entity "Stuttgart Region" plus the cities of [[Tübingen]], [[Reutlingen]] - 50 km south of Stuttgart -, [[Heilbronn]] - 50 km north of Stuttgart - and their surroundings) is one of the most prominent and well-known german towns, especially due to its cultural, administrative and huge economic importance. <br>
{{Michigan-geo-stub}}
<center>[[Image:Stuttgart-coa.jpg]] [[Image:Stuttgart_in_Germany.png|map]] </center><br>
[[Category:Oakland County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Lakes in Michigan]]
The coat of arms shows a black, rampant horse on a yellow resp. golden field. It's a canting seal due to the fact that the name "Stuttgart" is an over the centuries modified version of "Stutengarten", in English roughly "mare garden" or "stud farm". About 950 AD, Stuttgart was originally founded by Duke Liudolf of [[Swabia]], one of the sons of the emperor [[Otto I the Great]], and used for horse breeding. Later on (about 1300 AD), Stuttgart became the residence of the counts of [[Württemberg]]. In 1496, the counts of Württemberg were promoted to dukes by the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. After Napoleon's Breakup of the Holy Roman Empire, the dukes of Württemberg earned the title of kings and Stuttgart became a royal residence.
The name of the royal family of Württemberg and of the state originates from a steep Stuttgart hill, formerly known as Wirtemberg, nowadays called Württemberg. On top of that hill, the mausoleum from 1824 AD of Queen Katharina (daughter of Czar Paul I of Russia) and King Wilhelm I of Württemberg is located.
After World War I, the monarchy broke down and the Free State of Württemberg was etablished. In 1920, Stuttgart was the seat of the German National Government (since the administration had to flee from Berlin, see Kapp putsch). During World War II, the city center of Stuttgart was nearly completely destroyed due to air raids.
In 1945 the Allied Forces took control of Germany. They merged parts of the former German States of Baden and Württemberg and later on the new, democratic state Baden-Württemberg (3rd largest german state) with Stuttgart as its capital was created by a referendum.
Stuttgart is also the seat of a Roman-Catholic (Diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart) and a protestant bishop (Protestant State Church of Württemberg).
==Economy==
Approximately 150,000 companies are located in the Stuttgart region. The area is known for its high-tech industry; some of its most prominent companies include [[Daimler-Chrysler]], [[Porsche]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Hewlett-Packard]] and [[International Business Machines|IBM]], all of whom located their world or German headquarters here. In fact, the Porsche badge, as seen on the front of Porsche cars has this town's name in the centre the badge, something that is unique amongst the vehicle makers who are based in this town. An unproven theory suggests that also the [[Ferrari]] logo "Cavallino Rampante" had its origin in the Stuttgart coat-of-arms.
Stuttgart is the place where the motor bike and the four-wheeled automobile have been invented, it's hence the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry. So famous and prestigious brands as Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Maybach are produced there. <br>
<br><center> [[Image:MercedesBenz600.jpg]]</center><br>
The region currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations, and tops the national league for patent applications. More than 11% of all R&D-expenses in the Federal Republic of Germany are generated in the Stuttgart Region (approximately 4.3 billion Euro per year). In addition to several universities and colleges, the area has six institutes of the [[Fraunhofer_Society|Fraunhofer Gesellschaft]], four institutes for collaborative industrial research at local universities, two [[Max_Planck_Society|Max-Planck institutes]], as well as one large-scale research centre—the German Aerospace Centre (DLR).
Stuttgart holds top place of all European Union regions according to the share of employment in high-tech and medium-high tech manufacturing with a figure of 21.0% (2001 data from Eurostat).
The Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (only behind Frankfurt) and important financial companies are headquartered in Stuttgart (e.g. Allianz Life Insurance, LBBW Bank or Wüstenrot), as well.
In addition to these global players the Stuttgart economy consists of many highly versatile and dynamic medium-sized enterprises (the so-called "Mittelstand").
==People of Stuttgart==
Stuttgart is known for its cultural life, in particular the [[Staatstheater]] and [[Staatsgalerie]]. The [[Staatstheater]] contains an opera house and three smaller theaters, where opera, ballet, theatre and concerts are produced. The world-renowned Stuttgart Opera has won the prestigious German "Opera of the year" award for five years running (1998-2002). The famous Stuttgart Ballet is connected to names like [[John Cranko]] and [[Marcia Haydée]].
Stuttgart exhibits fine pieces of architecture from all times. Among them:
1200 - 1600 Collegiate Church (Exterior: Romanesque/Gothic); Interior: Gothic/Modernism);
1300 - 1500 Old Castle (Renaissance Style);
1700 - 1800 New Castle (Baroque / Classicism);
1700 - 1800 Solitude Castle (Baroque);
1850 King's Building (Classicism);
1910 Market Hall (Art Nouveau);
1920 Main Railway Station (Pre-Modernism);
1920 Weissenhof Settlement (Bauhaus / International Style);
1950 TV Tower (World's First TV Tower);
1980 New State Gallery (Postmodernism);
2000 International Airport (Modernism).
The city also has a reputation for organizing major sports events. It hosted the athletics world championships in [[1993]] and many other world and european championships of all kind of sports. The town will be one of the twelve hosts of the soccer world championship in 2006. I.a. the 3rd and 4th place playoff of the World Cup will be held at the City's Daimler Stadium.
Stuttgart's Swabian cuisine, beer and wine (produced in the area since the 1600s) are also well known. Yearly one may attend the "Cannstatter Wasen", a famous beer festival which is second only in size to the [[Oktoberfest]] in [[Munich]].
Important towns which are also located in the Stuttgart Region are [[Ludwigsburg]] with its enormous baroque palace, [[Sindelfingen]] and [[Esslingen]].
==Famous People from Stuttgart==
*[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] - philosopher
*[[Friedrich von Schiller]] - poet
*[[Gottlieb Daimler]] - inventor
*[[Robert Bosch]] - inventor
*[[Count Stauffenberg]] - member of the German Resistance who tried to kill Hitler
*[[Ferdinand Porsche]] - creator of the VW Beetle and the famous car company
*[[Richard von Weizsäcker]] - German President, Lord Mayor of Berlin
*[[Günther Behnisch]] - architect
*[[Frei Otto]] - architect
*[[Roland Emmerich]] - director
==Sister Cities==
*[[St. Helens]], United Kingdom, since 1948
*[[Cardiff]], United Kingdom, since 1955
*[[St. Louis]], USA, since 1960
*[[Strasbourg]], France, since 1962
*[[Mumbai]] (formerly known as Bombay), India, since 1968
*[[Menzel-Bourguiba]], Tunesia, since 1971
*[[Cairo]], Egypt, since 1979
*[[Lodz]], Poland, since 1988
*[[Brno]], Czech Republic, since 1989
*[[Samara]], Russia, since 1992
== External links ==
*[http://www.stuttgart.de Official homepage of Stuttgart]
*[http://www.stuttgart-tourist.de Official Stuttgart Tourist Board]
*[http://www.staatstheater.stuttgart.de Stuttgarter Staatstheater official site]
*[http://www.uni-stuttgart.de University of Stuttgart official site]
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