Guerre d'indipendenza ispanoamericane e Oguchi Onyewu: differenze tra le pagine

Versione delle 17:46, 29 apr 2009

Versione delle 11:22, 29 giu 2009

Riga 1:

{{S|calciatori|statunitensi}}

<noinclude>{{WIP|Jalo}}</noinclude>

{{Sportivo

{{Conflitto

|nome= Oguchi Onyewu

|nome del conflitto = Guerre d'indipendenza ispanoamericana

|immagine=

|parte_di = [[Guerre d'indipendenza latino-americane]]

|nome completo= Oguchialu Chilioke Goma Lambu Onyewu

|immagine = [[Image:Battle of Ayacucho.jpg|300px]]

|sesso = M

|didascalia = La [[battaglia di Ayacucho]] che assicurò l'indipendenza sudamericana nel [[1824]]

|GiornoMeseNascita = 13 maggio

|data = [[1808]] - [[1829]]

|AnnoNascita = 1982

|luogo = [[impero spagnolo|America spagnola]]

|luogo nascita=[[Washington]]

|casus =

|paese nascita = {{USA}}

|mutamenti_territoriali =

|codicenazione=

|esito = Vittoria degli eserciti [[Indipendentismo|indipendentisti]] e fine del regno spagnolo

|passaporto= {{BEL}}

|schieramento1 = <br>

|altezza= 195

*[[File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|25px]] [[Restaurazione spagnola|Spagna]]

|peso= 98

*[[Nativi americani]] [[alleati]]

|disciplina=Calcio

**Spagnoli fedeli alla Corona

|ruolo= [[Difensore]]

**[[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|25px]] [[Mapuche]]

|Squadra= ''svincolato''

**[[Nobiltà]] [[Quechua]]

|Giovanili anni=

|schieramento2 = <br>

|Giovanili squadre=

*[[Insurrezione|insurrezionisti]] spagnoli-americani

|Squadre=

*[[Image:BanderaGranColombia.png|25px]] [[Grande Colombia]]

{{Carriera sportivo

*[[File:Flag of Argentina (alternative).svg|25px]] [[Province Unite del Río de la Plata]]

|2002-2003|{{Calcio Metz|G}}|3 (0)

*[[File:Flag of Chile.svg|25px]] [[Cile|Repubblica del Cile]]

|2003-2004|→ {{Calcio La Louviere|G}}|24 (1)

*Volontari stranieri

|2004-2007|{{Calcio Standard Liegi|G}}|74 (6)

**[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda]]

|2007|→ {{Calcio Newcastle|G}}|11 (0)

[[Spedizione di Spagna (1823)|Dopo il 1820]]

|2007-2009|{{Calcio Standard Liegi|G}}|42 (2)

* [[Primo Impero Messicano]]

}}

*[[File:Flag of Peru (1822 - 1825).svg|25px]] [[Perù|Repubblica del Perù]]

|Anni nazionale = 2004-

|comandante1 = &nbsp;

|nazionale={{Naz|CA|USA}}

|comandante2 = &nbsp;

|presenzenazionale(goal)=38 (5)

|effettivi1 = &nbsp;

|aggiornato=

|effettivi2 = &nbsp;

|perdite1 = &nbsp;

|perdite2 = &nbsp;

|perdite3 =

|note =

}}

{{Bio

Col termine '''Guerre d'indipendenza ispanoamericana''' ci si riferisce alle numerose guerre combattute nei confronti dell'[[impero spagnolo]] nell'[[America spagnola]], avvenute nella prima parte del XIX secolo, tra il [[1808]] ed il [[1829]].

|Nome = Oguchi

|Cognome = Onyewu

==Descrizione==

|Sesso = M

|LuogoNascita = Washington

The conflict started in [[1808]], with [[junta (Peninsular War)|junta]]s established in [[Mexico City|Mexico]] and [[Montevideo]] in reaction to the events of the [[Peninsular War]]. The conflicts can be both characterized as a [[civil war]]s and a wars of national liberation, since the majority of combatants on both sides were Hispanic Americans and goal of the conflict for one side was the independence of the Spanish colonies in the Americas. The wars ultimately resulted in the creation of a chain of newly independent countries stretching from [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]] in the south to [[Mexico]] in the north. Only [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]] remained under [[Spain under the Restoration|Spanish rule]] until the [[Spanish–American War]] in [[1898]].

|GiornoMeseNascita = 13 maggio

|AnnoNascita = 1982

The conflicts were related to the more general [[Latin American wars of independence]], which include the conflicts in [[Haiti]] and [[Brazil]]. Brazil’s independence shared a common origin with Spanish America’s, since both were triggered by Napoleon’s invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 1808. Moreover, the process of Latin American's independence took place in the general political and intellectual climate that emerged from [[Age of Enlightenment]] and that influenced all of the so-called [[Atlantic Revolutions]], including the earlier revolutions in the [[American Revolution|United States]] and [[French Revolution|France]]. Nevertheless, the wars in, and the independence of, Spanish America were the result of unique developments within the Spanish Monarchy.

|LuogoMorte =

|GiornoMeseMorte =

==History==

|AnnoMorte =

During the [[Peninsular War|occupation of Spain]] by [[First French Empire|French forces]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in Europe, Spain found itself cut off from its [[Spanish Empire|empire]] and without leadership. The wars in Europe provided the [[Creole]]s the oportunity to gain independence from the [[Motherland|mother country]] and revolutions started to break out all over [[Hispanic America|Spanish America]].

|Attività = calciatore

|Nazionalità = statunitense

===New Spain and Guatemala===

|PostNazionalità = &#32; di origine nigeriana che gioca nel ruolo di [[difensore]] nello [[Standard Liegi]] e nella [[Nazionale di calcio degli Stati Uniti]]. Dopo un brutto approccio in Inghilterra, arriva in Belgio, dove vince due campionati consecutivi. Durante la [[Confederations Cup 2009]], è il migliore in campo nella semifinale contro la [[Spagna|Nazionale di calcio della Spagna]]

}}

[[Mexican War of Independence]]

[[1811 Independence Movement]]

[[Federal Republic of Central America]]

===New Granada, Venezuela, Quito===

[[Patria Boba|The ''Patria Boba'']]

[[United Provinces of New Granada]]

[[Venezuelan War of Independence]]

[[Venezuela (first republic)|First Republic of Venezuela]]

[[Venezuela (second republic)|Second Republic of Venezuela]]

[[Military career of Simón Bolívar]]

[[History_of_Ecuador#Struggle_for_Independence_and_Birth_of_the_Republic|Independence of Ecuador]]

[[Ecuadorian War of Independence]]

===Río de la Plata and Upper Peru===

[[Argentine War of Independence]]

[[History_of_Uruguay#Struggle_for_independence|Independence of Uruguay]]

[[History_of_Paraguay#Independence|Independence of Paraguay]]

[[Bolivian War of Independence]]

===Chile and Peru===

[[Chilean War of Independence]]

[[Peruvian War of Independence]]

==Evolution of the War==

[[Image:Hisparevol.gif|thumb|250px|<br>'''Map of the Hispanic American War'''<br>{{legend |#f00| [[Royalist]] reaction}}{{legend |#0000FF|Independentist territory}}{{legend |#007FFF|Independentist territory}}{{legend |#002FA7| [[Peninsular War|Spain under Napoleon invasion]]}}{{legend |#228B22| [[Spanish Civil War, 1820–1823|Spain under Liberal revolution]]}}]]

===Campaigns of New Spain===

[[1811]] [[Battle of Calderón Bridge]]

[[1816]] [[Francisco Javier Mina|Expedition of Mina]]

[[1821]] [[Army of the Three Guarantees]]

[[1829]] [[Isidro Barradas|Reconquest of New Spain]]

===Campaigns of New Granada, Venezuela, Quito===

[[1819]] [[Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada]]

[[1819]] [[Battle of Boyacá]]

[[1821]] [[Battle of Carabobo]]

[[1822]] [[Battle of Pichincha]]

===Campaigns of Río de la Plata and Upper Peru===

[[1810]] [[Army of the North]]

[[1811]] [[Battle of Huaqui|Campaign of Guaqui]]

[[1815]] [[Battle of Sipe-Sipe]]

===Campaigns of Chile and Peru===

[[1814]] [[Battle of Rancagua]]

[[1817]] [[Battle of Chacabuco]]

[[1818]] [[Battle of Maipú]]

[[1820]] [[Capture of Valdivia]]

[[1824]] [[Battle of Ayacucho]]

==Liberators==

<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead">

'''[[Libertadores|Liberators]] and Other Independence Leaders'''

</div>

<div class="NavContent">

{| class="toccolours" style="width: 100%; border-top: none;"

|-align="center"

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" |'''[[Argentine War of Independence|Río de la Plata & Paraguay]]'''[[File:Juan Manuel Blanes - Artigas en la Ciudadela.jpg|center|60px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" |'''[[Chilean War of Independence|Chile]] & [[Peruvian War of Independence|Peru]]'''[[File:Smartin.JPG|center|70px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" |'''[[Venezuelan War of Independence|Venezuela]], [[Patria Boba|New Granada]] & [[Ecuadorian War of Independence|Quito]]'''[[File:Simon Bolivar 1.jpg|center|60px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" |'''[[Mexican War of Independence|New Spain]], [[Captaincy General of Guatemala|Guatemala]], [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Cuba]] & <br>[[Captaincy General of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]'''[[File:Mexico.JoseMariaMorelos.01.jpg|center|70px]]

|-valign="top"

|

{| width="100%"

|- valign=top

|}

*[[José Gervasio Artigas]]

*[[Antonio González Balcarce]]

*[[Juan José Castelli]]

*[[José Rondeau]]

*[[Manuel Belgrano]]

|

*[[José de San Martín]]

*[[Bernardo O'Higgins]]

*[[José Miguel Carrera]]

*[[Ramón Freire]]

*[[José de la Riva Agüero]]

*[[José Bernardo de Tagle]]

*[[Ramon Castilla]]

|

*[[Francisco de Miranda]]

*[[Simón Bolívar]]

*[[Santiago Mariño]]

*[[Rafael Urdaneta]]

*[[José Félix Ribas]]

*[[José Antonio Páez]]

*[[Carlos Soublette]]

*[[Manuel Piar]]

*[[Luis Brión]]

*[[Gregor McGregor]]

*[[Antonio José de Sucre]]

*[[José Tadeo Monagas]]

*[[Camilo Torres Tenorio|Camilo Torres]]

*[[Antonio Nariño]]

*[[Francisco de Paula Santander]]

*[[José Prudencio Padilla]]

*[[Eugenio Espejo]]

|

*[[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla]]

*[[Ignacio Allende]]

*[[Juan Aldama]] <br>

*[[José María Morelos]]

*[[Ignacio López Rayón]]

*[[Mariano Matamoros]]

*[[Guadalupe Victoria]]

*[[Vicente Guerrero]]

*[[Agustín de Iturbide]]

*[[Antonio Valero de Bernabe]]

|}

</div></div>

==Royalists==

<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead">

'''Royalist Leaders'''

</div>

<div class="NavContent">

{| class="toccolours" style="width: 100%; border-top: none;"

|-align="center"

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" | '''[[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata|Río de la Plata, Montevideo & Paraguay]]''' [[file:Santiago de Liniers.jpg|center|80px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" | '''[[Viceroyalty of Peru|Lower]] & [[Real Audiencia of Charcas|Upper Peru]]''' [[file:Abascal1.jpg|center|110px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" | '''[[Captaincy General of Chile|Chile]]'''[[file:MarianoOsorio.JPG|center|85px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" | '''[[Captaincy General of Venezuela|Venezuela]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]] & [[Royal Audience of Quito|Quito]]'''[[file:Pablo Morillo.jpg|center|60px]]

| style="background:#B0C4DE; width: 15%;" | '''[[Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Cuba]] & [[Captaincy General of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]'''[[file:Félix María Calleja del Rey.gif|center|85px]]

|-valign="top"

|

{| width="100%"

|- valign=top

|}

*[[Francisco Javier de Elío]]

*[[Gaspar de Vigodet]]

*[[Bernardo de Velasco]]

*[[Santiago de Liniers|Santiago de Liniers y Bremond]]

*[[Vicente Nieto]]

|

*[[José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa]]

*[[José Manuel de Goyeneche]]

*[[Pío de Tristán|Pío Tristán]]

*[[Joaquín de la Pezuela]]

*[[Pedro Antonio Olañeta]]

*[[José de la Serna e Hinojosa]]

*[[José de Canterac]]

*[[Jerónimo Valdés]]

*[[José Ramón Rodil y Campillo]]

|

*[[Vicente Benavides]]

*[[Antonio Pareja]]

*[[Juan Francisco Sánchez]]

*[[Gabino Gaínza]]

*[[Mariano Osorio]]

*[[José Ordóñez]]

*[[Rafael Maroto]]

*[[Casimiro Marcó del Pont]]

*[[Antonio de Quintanilla]]

|

*[[Fernando Miyares y Gonzáles]]

*[[Domingo de Monteverde]]

*[[José Tomás Boves]]

*[[Juan Manuel Cajigal]]

*[[Pablo Morillo]]

*[[Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi|Francisco Montalvo]]

*[[Juan José de Sámano y Uribarri|Juan de Sámano]]

*[[Miguel de la Torre|Miguel de la Torre y Pando]]

*[[Francisco Tomás Morales]]

*[[Sebastián de la Calzada]]

*[[José María Barreiro Manjón]]

*[[Melchior Aymerich|Melchor Aymerich]]

*[[Basilio García]]

|

*[[Félix María Calleja del Rey, 1st Count of Calderón|Félix María Calleja del Rey]]

*[[Francisco Javier Venegas, marqués de la Reunión y de Nueva España|Francisco Xavier Venegas]]

*[[Torcuato Trujillo]]

*[[Isidro Barradas]]

*[[:es:Ángel Laborde|Ángel Laborde]] [http://www.xtec.es/~jrovira6/bio/laborde.htm]

|}

</div></div>

==See also==

*[[Libertadores]]

*[[British Legions]]

*[[Royalist (Hispanic American Revolution)]]

*[[Latin American wars of independence]]

*[[Wars of national liberation]]

*[[History of South America]]

==Bibliography==

*Kenneth J. Andrien and Lyman L. Johnson. ''The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850''. Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1994. ISBN 9780826314895

*Timothy Anna. ''Spain & the Loss of Empire''. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1983. ISBN 9780803210141

*Christon I. Archer (ed.). ''The Wars of Independence in Spanish America''. Willmington, SR Books, 2000. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7

*D. A. Brading. ''The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State, 1492-1867''. Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-521-44796-8

*John Charles Chasteen. ''Americanos: Latin America's Struggle for Independence''. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-517881-4

*Michael P. Costeloe. ''Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1840''. Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 9780521320832

*Jorge I. Domínguez. ''Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American Empire''. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1980. ISBN 9780674456358

*Richard Graham. ''Independence in Latin America: A Comparative Approach'' (2nd edition). McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN 0-07-024008-6

*R. A. Humphreys and John Lynch (editors). ''The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808-1826''. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.

*Jay Kinsbruner. ''The Spanish-American Independence Movement''. Huntington, N.Y.: R.E. Krieger Publishing Company, [1973] 1976. ISBN 9780882754284

*Jay Kinsbruner. ''Independence in Spanish America: Civil Wars, Revolutions, and Underdevelopment'' (Revised edition). Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8263-2177-1

*John Lynch. ''Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850''. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992. ISBN 0-19-821135-X

*John Lynch. ''The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808-1826'' (2nd edition). New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1986. ISBN 0-393-95537-0

*Jaime E. Rodríguez O. ''The Independence of Spanish America''. Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-521-62673-0

*Matthew Brown. ''Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simón Bolívar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations''. Liverpool University Press, 2006. ISBN 184631044X

*Alfred Hasbrouck. ''Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America''. New York: Octagon Books, 1969.

*William W. Kaufman. ''British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804-1828''. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1951.

*William Spence Robertson. ''France and Latin American Independence''. New York, Octagon, [1939] 1967.

*Arthur P. Whitaker. ''The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800-1830''. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1941.

==Palmarès==

[[Categoria:Rivoluzioni del XIX secolo]]

*{{Calciopalm|Campionato belga|2}}

[[Categoria:Conquista spagnola delle Americhe]]

:Standard Liegi: [[Campionato di calcio belga 2007-2008|2007-2008]], [[Campionato di calcio belga 2008-2009|2008-2009]]

{{LinkRosa FA|srStandard Liegi}}

{{Nazionale statunitense gold cup 2005}}

{{Nazionale statunitense mondiali 2006}}

{{Nazionale statunitense concacaf gold cup 2007}}

{{Nazionale statunitense confederations cup 2009}}

{{Portale|biografie|calcio}}

[[de:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[en:Hispanic American wars of independence]]

[[en:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[es:Guerras de independencia hispanoamericana]]

[[es:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[eo:Sendependigo de Hispanameriko]]

[[fr:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[fr:Guerres d'indépendance en Amérique du Sud]]

[[id:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[hr:Borba za neovisnost Latinske Amerike]]

[[ja:オグチ・オニェウ]]

[[no:De hispanoamerikanske uavhengighetskrigene]]

[[lt:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[pt:Independência da América Espanhola]]

[[nl:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[qu:Ispaña Amirika Kacharikuna Awqanakuy]]

[[pl:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[ru:Война за независимость испанских колоний в Америке]]

[[pt:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[sr:Борба за независност Латинске Америке]]

[[sv:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[tr:Oguchi Onyewu]]

[[zh:奥古齐·奥涅乌]]