Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories and Middle English lyric: Difference between pages

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'''Middle English Lyric''' is a [[genre]] of [[English Literature]], popular in the 14th Century, that is characterized by its brevity and emotional expression. Conventionally, the lyric expresses "a moment," usually spoken or performed in the first person. Although some lyrics have narratives, the plots are usually simple to emphasize an occasional, common experience. Even though Lyrics appear individual and personal, they are not "original;" instead, lyrics express a common state of mind.
Because the world-wide spread of [[AIDS]] has had such a tragic effect on millions of people world wide, a number of [[myth]]s, [[urban legend]]s, and [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] have arisen surrounding the disease. Some theories may be [[psychology|psychological]] mechanisms for people to cope with the epidemic, or perhaps in some cases, as a device to lay blame on someone for the epidemic.
 
== Audience ==
A number of conspiracy theorists have suggested that AIDS is actually a ''man-made'' disease. These theories often state that the disease was meant to deliberately wipe out a certain segment of the population in an act of [[genocide]].
Middle English Lyrics were meant to be heard, not read. Keeping in mind an [[aural]] [[audience]], the lyric is usually structured with an obvious rhyme scheme, [[refrain]], and sometimes musical effects. The rhyme scheme primarily functions as a [[mnemonic device]] for the audience. The Refrain, however, has several critical functions. The Refrain gives the lyric unity and provides commentary (this is not unlike the bob and wheel found in ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]''). In addition to functioning thematically, the refrain encourages audience to participate in singing the lyric. Finally, Musical Effects also encourage audience participation, and they take the form of rhythms and sounds (for example, [[onomatopoeia]] is not an uncommon [[trope]] employed).
 
== Authorship ==
Note that most of the theories listed below have found little or no approval among most medical professionals.
Most Middle English Lyrics are anonymous. Because the lyrics reflect on a sort of "community property" of ideas, the concept of copyrighting a lyric to a particular author is usually inappropriate. Additionally, identifying authors is very difficult. Most lyrics are often un-dateable, and they appear in collections with no apparent organic unity. It is most likely many lyrics that survive today were widely recited in various forms before being written down. Evidence for this appears in [[Geoffrey Chaucer]]'s ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]''. Many of Chaucer's lines bear an uncanny resemblance to Middle English Lyrics.
 
== Survival ==
*[[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] overtones are featured in some theories. Some [[African-Americans]] in the US believe that [[HIV]] was invented by [[Jew]]s as a way to destroy the black race. Such theories have been propagated for years, first by [[Louis Farrakhan]]'s [[Nation of Islam]], and by the [[New Black Panther Party]], as well as by a number of professors in various small colleges. Conspiracy theorist [[Steve Cokely]] has made allegations that Jewish doctors have injected black babies with HIV.
Middle English Lyrics were not meant to be read or written down. Consequently, the few that survive are probably a very small sample of lyrics. Surviving Lyrics appear in [[Miscellanies]], notably the Harley 2253 manuscript. The lyrics often appear with many other types of works, including writings in other languages.
 
== External linksLinks ==
*Dr. [[Alan Cantwell]], author of ''AIDS and the Doctors of Death: An Inquiry into the Origin of the AIDS Epidemic'' and ''Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot'', believes that HIV is a genetically modified organism developed by US Government scientists; that it was introduced into the population through [[hepatitis B]] experiments performed on gay and bisexual men between 1978-1981 in Manhattan, Los Angeles, San Francisco, St. Louis, Denver, and Chicago. Cantwell claims these experiments were directed by Dr. [[Wolf Szmuness]]; and that there is an ongoing government and media [[cover-up]] regarding the origin of the AIDS epidemic. Similar theories have been advanced by Dr. [[Robert B. Strecker]], [[Matilde Krim]] and by [[Milton William Cooper]], author of [[Behold A Pale Horse]]
[http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/lyrics.htm Middle English Lyrics]
 
== Bibliography ==
* [[Cold War]] [[Propaganda]]: Some theorists argue the [[Soviet Union]] planted [[disinformation]] suggesting the CIA or other agencies created AIDS, in a plot to destabilize the Western world. They believe this claim was originally disseminated in the West by [[KGB]] agents seeking to undermine the faith of citizens in their own government (see: [[propaganda]], [[black propaganda]], [[disinformation]]). According to KGB defector Vasili [Mitrokhin], the KGB originated the claim through an East German physicist, Jacob Segal, in the mid 1980s (see the Mitrokhin Archive, 1999 page 319). [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] once purportedly stated his regrets that the KGB had planted and actively supported such stories in the Western world.
Luria, Maxwell S. and Richard L. Hoffman. ''Middle English Lyrics.'' New York: Norton, 1974.<br>
<nowiki>(Large Selection of Lyrics with Selected Criticism)</nowiki>
 
Brown, Carleton Fairchild. ''English Lyrics of the XIIIth Century.'' Ed. Carleton Brown. Oxford: The Clarendon press, [1965, c1932].
*Dr. [[William C. Douglas]], among others, believes that the [[World Health Organization]] created the AIDS epidemic by administering contaminated [[smallpox]] [[vaccines]] to people in [[third world]] countries--including African locations--between 1966 and 1977. Dr. [[Robert Gallo]], famous for isolating HIV, lent conditional credence to this theory when he said, "the link between the World Health Organization [vaccination] program and the [AIDS] epidemic in Africa is an interesting and important hypothesis. I cannot say that it actually happened, but I have been saying for some years that the use of live vaccines such as that used for smallpox can activate a dormant infection such as HIV".
 
Gray, Douglas. ''Themes and Images in the Medieval English Religious Lyric.'' London, Boston: Routledge and K. Paul, 1972.
*Dr. [[Boyd E. Graves]] postulates that AIDS was the culmination of [[biowarfare]] research conducted by the U.S. Government (and later, by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] government) throughout the [[20th century]]. He believes AIDS was developed and proliferated for the primary purpose of wiping out [[blacks]], [[homosexuals]], and other social groups considered to be "excess population." Dr. Graves has also suggested that [[Gulf War syndrome]] may be related to AIDS which was spread by contaminating soldiers with vaccines, and that an effective cure for AIDS has already been developed and patented (1997 United States Patent 5,676,977) by a company called [[Antelman Technologies Ltd., Providence, Rhode Island]], but is being withheld. The evidence Graves cites that AIDS was developed in U.S. was based on a 1971 Special Virus Cancer Flow Chart that he obtained through the [[Freedom of Information Act]]. Graves claims to have contracted AIDS, but was cured by a single injection of a special form of [[colloidal silver]]. Under the U.S. patent it is claimed a 100% destruction of AIDS using only 20 ppm of silver. The production of the product is based on 1994 United States Patent 5,336,499 by reacting silver nitrate with sodium or potassium peroxydisulfate. The company that makes the product is Weizmann Institute in Israel or Antelman Technologies, POB 382, Rehovat, Israel and Marantech is currently supplying the Imusil.
 
Manning, Stephen. ''Wisdom and Number; Toward a Critical Appraisal of the Middle English Religious Lyric.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1962.
*Dr. [[Gary Glum]] claims in his book ''Full Disclosure'', that he received top secret information that AIDS was made in the laboratory at [[Cold Spring Harbor, New York]]. The virus was spread by putting the AIDS viruses into the smallpox eradication program by the [[World Health Organization]], and that AIDS did not exist before 1978. AIDS, he claims, was created for population control--especially of Blacks, Asians, and other colored people. The people who control the project were people known as the Olympians (another name for the [[Illuminati]]), who are also supporting [[eugenics]]. Organizations such as [[Red Cross]] are, according to Glum, complicit in the conspiracy by not testing blood properly. Glum reports that AIDS can be transmitted through kissing, mosquito bites and casual contact.
 
Reiss, Edmund. ''The Art of the Middle English Lyric; Essays in Criticism.'' Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1972.
:Glum claims a number of substances are valuable in preventing or treating aids: (1) [[Licorice]] extract taken in large amounts; (2) a [[lecithin mixture]] called AL 271 or x-plaque;(3) [[Essiac Tea]], an Indian folk medicine Glum claims can also treat [[cancer]]; (4) an olive leaf extract based on U.S. patent no. 6,117,844; (5) oleuropein; (6) allantoin.
 
Speirs, John. ''Medieval English Poetry: the Non-Chaucerian Tradition.'' London: Faber and Faber, 1957.
:Glum reports that [[Upjohn Pharmaceuticals]] tested a number of substances that can treat AIDS, but that the results have been suppressed. Much of Glum's evidence is based upon anecdotal claims, and critics have reported a complete absence of medical evidence to support his claims.
 
Oliver, Raymond. ''Poems without Names; the English Lyric, 1200-1500.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.
*Dr. [[Leonard G. Horowitz]], author of [[Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola. Nature, Accident or Intentional?]] and [[Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare]], has advanced the theory that the AIDS virus was engineered by such US Government defense contractors as [[Litton Bionetics]] for the purposes of bio-warfare and "population control." Dr. Horowitz believes that Jews, blacks, and Hispanics are prime targets in these attempts at "population control." He cites the historical preoccupation with [[eugenics]] on the part of the American medical establishment as evidence of a greater conspiracy to commit genocide.
 
Woolf, Rosemary. ''The English Religious Lyric in the Middle Ages.'' Oxford: Clarendon P., 1968.
*[[Matilde Krim]], a cancer virologist, AIDS expert, and the co-chairperson of the [[American Foundation for AIDS Research]], has also suggested that Dr. Wolf Szmuness' hepatitis B vaccination experiments of the late 70's caused the AIDS epidemic. Unlike Cantwell, however, she attributes this to accident rather than conspiracy.
 
[[Category:Middle English literature|Middle English Lyric]]
*[[Thabo Mbeki]], President of [[South Africa]], and other prominent members of the ruling [[African National Congress]] party have made numerous public statements to the effect that AIDS is caused by poverty and not HIV, and that people who supposedly die of AIDS have actually been poisoned through antiretroviral medication by white-owned drug companies that wish to experiment on Africans. Mbeki and others frequently interfered with government AIDS drug distribution programs through the legal system. Nonetheless, after massive public outcry, the ANC government announced in [[2003]] that it will begin distributing antiretroviral AIDS drugs to infected citizens.
 
*[[Jakob Segal]], a biology professor at Humboldt University in the former East Germany, proposes that HIV was engineered at a US military laboratory in [[Fort Detrick]], Maryland by splicing together two other viruses, [[Visna]] and [[HTLV-1]]. According to his theory, the new virus, created between 1977 and 1978, was tested on prison inmates who had volunteered for the experiment in exchange for early release. It was through these prisoners that the virus was spread to the population at large, starting with the gay community. Segal was accused of being a Soviet [[disinformation]] agent by KGB defector Vasili [Mitrokhin].
 
*Nobel laureate [[Wangari Maathai]] reportedly believes that the biological agent causing AIDS is not natural [http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901041018-713166,00.html].
 
Some critics claim that the US Government has an established history of performing experiments on its own citizens without their knowledge or consent. These critics argue that the [[Tuskegee syphilis study|Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male]] and [[MKULTRA]] demonstrate a willingness and capability to mount a large scale, covert biowarfare campaign. Conspiracy theorists of this persuasion sometimes attempt to bolster their cases for one conspiracy theory by appeals to other conspiracy theories, such as [[chemtrails]].
 
Whether the conspiracy theories are valid or not, the [[military-industrial complex]] has an interest in the development of [[biological warfare|biological weapons]] that can target genetically similar groups of people. From the September [[2000]] white paper ''Rebuilding America's Defenses'', published by the [[Project for the New American Century]], comes the statement: ''"[...]advanced forms of biological warfare that can "target" specific genotypes may transform biological warfare from the realm of terror to a politically useful tool."''
 
There have been conspiracy theories about earlier epidemics, such as blaming Jews or some [[monarch]]al orders for the [[Black Death]].
 
{{AIDS}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.avert.org/childrapesafrica.htm HIV/AIDS and child rape in South Africa]
* [http://www.deepblacklies.co.uk/pentagon_aids.htm Did The Pentagon Manufacture AIDS As A Biological Weapon?, by David Guyatt]
* [http://mindgallery.com/hiddenroom/biowarfare.html AIDS: Biowarfare Experiment Out Of Control?, by Sean MacKenzie]
* [http://www.sonic.net/~doretk/ArchiveARCHIVE/Aids/Aids.html The AIDS Conspiracy]
* [http://www.boydgraves.com/ Dr. Boyd E. Graves]
* [http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/aids_origin.htm True Origin of AIDS]
* [http://www.conceptual.net.au/~jackc/ebola-aids.htm The Kissinger and Rockefeller links to the CIA and the origins of AIDS and Ebola, by Leonard G. Horowitz]
* [http://www.marantech.com The company that supplies the product Imusil]
* [http://www.positivehealth.com/permit/Articles/Antioxidant/jack21.htm General Properties of Olive Leaf Extracts and its antiviral properties]
* [http://educate-yourself.org/ct/ Some basic information on chemtrails and protection]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]