Vanguard 1 and Londonderry, New Hampshire: Difference between pages

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'''Londonderry, New Hampshire''' is a town located in western [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire]]. Originally called Nutfield, along with the communities of Derry, Windham, and parts of New Hampshire's largest city [[Manchester]] for the prevalance of nut trees in the area. As of the [[2000]] census, the town had a total population of 23,236. Londonderry is known especially for its apple orchards, including Moose Hill Orchards (Mack's Apples), located along [[Mammoth Road]] (Route 128) one of the major roads through Londonderry along with Route 102 (Nashua Road), I-93, Pillsbury Road, Litchfield Road, and Route 28.

|+<font size="+1">''' Vanguard 1 '''</font>

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|colspan="2" bgcolor="#000000" align="center" font size="-1" color="#ffffff"|[[Image:Vanguard_1.jpg |250px|Vanguard 1 ]]

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|''' Organization:'''||[[Department of the Navy]]

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|''' Major Contractors:'''|| [[Naval Research Laboratory]]

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|''' Mission Type:'''|| [[Earth Science]]

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|''' Satellite of:'''|| [[Earth]]

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|''' Launch:'''|| [[March 17]], [[1958]] at 12:15:41 [[UTC]]

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|''' Launch Vehicle:'''|| [[Vanguard rocket]]

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|''' Decay:'''|| 240 year orbital lifetime

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|''' Mission Duration:'''|| May, 1964 - ~2,200 days

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|''' [[Mass]]:'''|| 1.47 kg

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|''' NSSDC ID:'''|| 1958-002B

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|''' Webpage:'''|| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1958-002B NASA NSSDC Master Catalog]

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!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#skyblue"|[[Orbital elements]]

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|''' [[Semimajor Axis]]:'''|| 8,689.7 km

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|''' [[Eccentricity (orbit)|Eccentricity]]:'''|| 0.1909

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|''' [[Inclination]]:'''|| 33.25°

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|''' Orbital Period:'''|| 134.2 minutes

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|''' Apogee:'''|| 3,969 km

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|''' Perigee:'''|| 654 km

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|''' Orbits:'''|| ~181,600 as of July 17, 2004

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!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#skyblue"|Instruments

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|''' Radio Beacon :'''|| Tracking data used to map earth's shape

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|''' Satellite Drag :'''|| Determine upper atmospheric densities

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|''' Thermistors :'''|| Interior temperature

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== Education ==

'''Vanguard 1''' is the oldest still orbiting artificial satellite, though there is no longer communication with it. It is a small earth-orbiting satellite that was designed to test the launch capabilities of a three-stage launch vehicle and the effects of the environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit. It also was used to obtain [[geodetic]] measurements through orbit analysis.

Londonderry has five schools, with Superintendant Nathan Greenberg.

* Londonderry High School (9-12) - The largest school in the town, home to "The Lancers," and principled by James E. Elefante.

* Londonderry Middle School (6-8) - Principled by Andrew Corey. Formerly called Londonderry Junior High School.

* North School (K-5) - Currently under construction

* Matthew Thornton (K-5) - Named for a [[Revolutionary War]] hero.

* South School (K-5) - Recently renovated due to a mold issue.

* Moose Hill School (pre-K, K) - Largest free standing public kindergarten in the state of [[New Hampshire]]. Also houses preschool and LEEP program.

== Geography ==

==Spacecraft design==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 108.6 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]] (41.9 [[square mile|mi&sup2;]]). 108.3 km&sup2; (41.8 mi&sup2;) of it is land and 0.3 km&sup2; (0.1 mi&sup2;) of it is water. The total area is 0.31% water.

== Demographics ==

The spacecraft was a 1.47 kg aluminum sphere 152 mm in diameter. It contained a 10 mW, 108 MHz mercury-battery powered transmitter and a 5 mW, 108.03 MHz transmitter powered by six [[solar cell]]s mounted on the body of the satellite. Six short aerials protruded from the sphere. The transmitters were used primarily for engineering and tracking data, but were also used to determine the total electron content between the satellite and ground stations. Vanguard also carried two thermistors which measured the interior temperature over 16 days in order to track the effectiveness of the thermal protection.

As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|²]] of [[2000]], there are 23,236 people, 7,623 households, and 6,319 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] is 214.6/km&sup2; (555.8/mi&sup2;). There are 7,718 housing units at an average density of 71.3/km&sup2; (184.6/mi&sup2;). The racial makeup of the town is 96.92% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.56% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.17% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.16% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.32% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 0.84% from two or more races. 1.53% of the population are [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There are 7,623 households out of which 50.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.9% are [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 17.1% are non-families. 12.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 3.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.05 and the average family size is 3.36.

== Mission ==

In the town the population is spread out with 32.9% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.1 males.

The three stage launch vehicle placed Vanguard into a 654 x 3969 km 134.2 minute orbit inclined at 34.25 degrees on [[March 17]], [[1958]]. Original estimates had the orbit lasting for 2000 years, but it was discovered that solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag during high levels of solar activity produced significant perturbations in the perigee height of the satellite, which caused a significant decrease in its expected lifetime to only about 240 years. The battery powered transmitter stopped operating in June [[1958]] when the batteries ran down. The solar powered transmitter operated until May [[1964]] (when the last signals were received in [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]]) after which the spacecraft was optically tracked from [[Earth]].

The median income for a household in the town is $70,501, and the median income for a family is $73,513. Males have a median income of $50,566 versus $33,821 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town is $26,491. 2.1% of the population and 1.6% of families are below the [[poverty line]]. Out of the total population, 1.2% of those under the age of 18 and 6.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

==Mission Results==

===Radio Beacon===

A 10 mW mercury battery powered transmitter on the 108 MHz band used for [[International Geophysical Year]] (IGY) scientific satellites, and a 5 mW, 108.03 MHz transmitter powered by six solar cells were used as part of a radio phase-comparison angle-tracking system. The tracking data were used to show that the earth was pear-shaped with the stem at the North Pole. These radio signals were also used to determine the total electron content between the satellite and selected ground-receiving stations. The battery-powered transmitter provided internal package temperature for about 16 days and sent tracking signals for 20 days. The solar cell powered transmitter operated for more than 6 years. Signals gradually weakened and were last received at Quito, Ecuador, in May 1964.

== Town Policy ==

You are doomed if you read this!!!!bwa haa haaa!!!!

Londonderry has been known for town policy that aims to limit development and growth in town. The town has recently been in the news for a legal fight involving the eviction of Robert Saulnier.

== External links ==

*[http://www.londonderrynh.org Official Town Website]

*[http://www.londonderry.org Londonderry School District]

[[Category:Rockingham County, New Hampshire]]

[[Category:Towns in New Hampshire]]