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The '''United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court''' (or '''FISC''') is a [[United States federal courts|U.S. federal court]] authorized under {{UnitedStatesCode|50|1803}} and established by the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]] of [[1978]] (known as FISA for short). Its jurisdiction is to oversee requests for surveillance warrants by federal police agencies (primarily the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|F.B.I.]]) against suspected foreign [[secret agent|intelligence agents]] inside the United States.
[[Image:Lord sainsbury.jpg|right]]
'''David John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville''' (born [[24 October]], [[1940]]) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] businessman, politician and [[life peer]] for the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].
He is the son of [[Sir Robert Sainsbury]] and the nephew of [[Alan John Sainsbury]], [[Lord Sainsbury of Drury Lane]]. His cousin is the Conservative peer [[Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover]].
He is estimated to have a personal fortune of billions of pounds, due to his shareholding of his family's [[J Sainsbury plc|Sainsbury]] supermarket chain (estimated at 13%). He was Chairman of the group from [[1992]] to [[1998]] and was Finance Director for the 17 years before that.
Each application for one of these surveillance warrant (called a FISA warrant) is made before an individual judge of the court. Like a [[grand jury]], FISC is not an [[Adversary system|adversarial court]]: the federal government is the only party to its proceedings. However, the court may allow third parties to submit briefs as ''[[amicus curiae|amici curiae]]''. If an application is denied by one judge of the FISC, the federal government is not allowed to make the same application to a different judge of the FISC. Instead, denials must be appealed to the [[United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review]]. Such appeals are rare: the first appeal from the FISC to the Court of Review was made in [[2002]], 24 years after the founding of the FISC.
He has a BA degree in History and Psychology from [[King's College, Cambridge]] and a MBA from [[Columbia University]].
Because of the sensitive nature of its business, the FISC is a "secret court": its hearings are closed to the public, and, while records of the proceedings are kept, those records are also not available to the public. (Copies of those records with [[classified]] information redacted out can and have been made public.) Due to the classified nature of its proceedings, only government attorneys are usually permitted to appear before the FISC.
He was a supporter of the [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]], and bankrolled it, but moved to the [[The Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] following the failure of the SDP to make much progress. He has donated millions of pounds to the Labour Party, and was associated with the [[Institute of Public Policy Research]].
When the court was founded, it was composed of seven [[United States district court|federal district]] judges appointed by the [[Chief Justice of the United States]], each serving a seven year term, with one judge being appointed each year. In [[2001]], the [[USA PATRIOT Act]] expanded the court to eleven judges, and required that at least three of the judges of the court be from within twenty miles of the [[District of Columbia]]. No judge may be appointed to this court more than once, and no judge may be appointed to both the Court of Review and the FISC.
He was made a life peer in [[1997]], following Labour's election victory, and in 1998, was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Science in the [[House of Lords]].
[[Category:Judicial Branch of the United States Government]]
==See also==
[[Category:Article III tribunals]]
*[[List of billionaires]]
*[[List of poodoos]]
==External links==
*[http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/ministers/sainsbury.html Lord David Sainsbury of Turville - DTI ministers]
*[http://carnegieinstitution.org/carnegiemedal/sainsbury.html The Sainsbury Family and Lord David Sainsbury]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/desertislanddiscs_20040201.shtml Lord David Sainsbury interview] on [[Desert Island Discs]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/442072.stm Lord David Sainsbury: UK politics profile]
*[http://www.speakcampaigns.org.uk/sainsbury.php SPEAK - Profile of Lord David Sainsbury of Turville]
*[http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=9CUI&datatype=Person David Sainsbury Forbes.com: Forbes World's Richest People]
*[http://kwiki.ffii.org/DavidSainsburyEn David Sainsbury of Turville and Software Patents]
*[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1001526,00.html Profile of the Sainsbury family]
*[http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/sainsbury-lab/ The Sainsbury Laboratory funded by The Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts]
[[Category:1940 births|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:Forbes World's Richest People|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:Retailing magnates|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:People in UK retailing|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:UK Labour Party politicians|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:English business people|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
[[Category:Life peers|Sainsbury of Turville, David Sainsbury, Baron]]
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