|
:''For the [[military tactic]] used in [[defense]], see [[counterattack]].''
{{Infobox Senator | name=Hillary Rodham Clinton
{{Infobox CVG| title = Counter-Strike
| nationality=american
| image name=Hillary_1 [[Image:Counter-Strike Box.jpg|200px|center|]]
| developer = [[Valve Software]]
| jr/sr and state=Junior Senator, [[New York]]
| publisher = [[Vivendi Universal]] (PC), [[Microsoft Game Studios]] (Xbox)
| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| designer =
| term=January [[2001]]–Present
| engine = [[Half-Life]] engine ([[GoldSrc]])
| preceded=[[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]]
| released = [[November 8]] [[2000]] (PC), [[March 25]] [[2004]] (Xbox)
| succeeded=Incumbent (2007)
| genre = [[First-person shooter]]
| date of birth=[[October 26]], [[1947]]
| modes = [[Single player]], [[multiplayer]]
| place of birth=[[Chicago, Illinois]]
| ratings = [[ESRB]]: Mature 17+ (M)
| dead=alive
| platforms = [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Xbox]]
| date of death=
| media = [[Compact disc|CD]] or [[Steam (content delivery)|Steam]] download
| place of death=
| requirements = 133 MHz [[Central processing unit|processor]], 24 MB [[RAM]]
| spouse=President [[Bill Clinton]]
| input =
}}
'''Counter-Strike''' ('''CS''') is a popular team-based [[mod (computer gaming)|mod]] of [[Valve Software]]'s [[first-person shooter]] ''(FPS) [[Apor (computer game)|apor]]''. This [[total conversion]] pits a team of [[counter-terrorist]]s against a team of [[terrorist]]s in rounds of competition won by completing an objective or eliminating the opposing team. The latest incarnation of the game, ''Counter-Strike: Source'' (CS:S), is based on the [[Source engine]] developed for ''[[Half-Life 2]]''. CS is widely acknowledged as the most successful and popular of the [[tactical shooter]] genre. Signs of CS's wide influence can be found in mods for [[Quake III Arena]], [[Unreal Tournament]], and other standalone shooters such as Global Operations and [[Soldier of Fortune|Soldier of Fortune II]].
CS has been the most widely played online FPS for the past few years. In [[2002]] there were over 30,000 ''Counter-Strike'' servers on the [[Internet]] (second place was ''[[Unreal Tournament]]'' with about 9,800). In [[2004]], [[GameSpy]] statistics showed over 85,000 players simultaneously playing ''Counter-Strike'' at any point in time, accounting for almost 70 percent of the online FPS audience. According to statistics gathered by Valve's content-delivery platform, [[Steam (content delivery)|Steam]], these players contribute to over 4.5 billion minutes of playing time each month, making it the most popular online FPS in history. CS was originally played online through the [[WON]] gaming service, but it was shut down in [[2004]], forcing players to switch to Steam (although some players responded by creating their own WON network, dubbed [[WON2]]).
'''Hillary Rodham Clinton''' (born [[October 26]], [[1947]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]] as '''Hillary Diane Rodham''') is the junior [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[New York]], serving since [[January 3]], [[2001]]. She was [[First Lady of the United States]] from [[1993]] to [[2001]], as the wife of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]]. She is a member of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]].
==Gameplay==
==Early life, education, and career==
[[Image:Rodham family portrait.jpg|thumb|Rodham family portrait]]
Hillary Rodham Clinton, then Hillary Diane Rodham, was raised in a [[Methodist]] family in [[Park Ridge, Illinois|Park Ridge]], [[Illinois]]. Her father, [[Hugh Rodham | Hugh Ellsworth Rodham]], a dedicated [[conservative]], was involved in the textile industry, and her mother, [[Dorothy Emma Howell Rodham]], was a full-time [[homemaker]]. As a child, Hillary was interested in sports, her church, and her school, a public school in Park Ridge. She attended [[Maine South High School]] where she served as class president, as a member of the student council, as a member of the debating team, and as a member of the [[National Honor Society]]. She received Maine South High School's first [[social science]] award. Throughout her youth, Rodham was fond of sports, including [[tennis]], [[ice skating | skating]], [[ballet]], [[swimming]], [[volleyball]], and [[softball]]. She won every possible badge as a Brownie and [[Girl Scouts of the USA | Girl Scout]] [http://www.hillary-rodham-clinton.org/education.html]. Clinton entered the world of politics in [[1964]], at the age of 16, by supporting the presidential bid of [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[Barry Goldwater]]. Clinton's parents encouraged her to pursue the career of her choice [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/hc42.html] [http://www.hillary-rodham-clinton.org/].
''Counter-Strike'' is a team-based First-Person Shooter (FPS) game in which players join either the Terrorists (T's) or the Counter-Terrorists (CT's). Server settings may cause the teams to automatically balance when one team has too many more players than the other. Each round starts with the two teams [[spawning (computer gaming)|spawning]] simultaneously. The default starting money for each player is $800. Counter-Terrorists and Terrorists start with an [[Heckler & Koch USP]] .45 Tactical pistol and a [[GLOCK 18]]c pistol respectively, each with two additional magazines of ammunition, and a Knife for close-quarters combat. According to server settings, players are given a few seconds before the round begins (known as Freeze Time) when they are allowed to buy equipment but not move. Players may buy equipment whenever they are in a buy zone for their team (some of which can be for both teams) and the round has not been in session for longer than a specified time (90 seconds is default). Surviving players retain their equipment but those who have died during the round only begin with the standard-issue pistol and combat knife the following round.
After graduating from high school in [[1965]], Clinton enrolled at [[Wellesley College]] in [[Massachusetts]] where she became active in politics, serving, for a time, as President of the [[College Republicans]]. During her junior year at Wellesley in [[1968]], Clinton was deeply affected by the death of the [[civil rights]] leader, [[Martin Luther King Jr. | Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]], whom she had met in person in [[1962]] [http://www.hillary-rodham-clinton.org/education.html]. After attending the Wellesley in Washington program at the urging of Professor [[Alan Schechter]], her political views became more [[liberalism | liberal]] and she joined the [[Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29|Democratic Party]]. Having been named [[valedictorian]] of her graduating class at Wellesley, Clinton graduated, in [[1969]], with departmental honors in [[Political Science]]. She became the first student in the history of Wellesley College to deliver a [[commencement address]] when she spoke at her own graduation. In her commencement speech, Clinton said, "The challenge now is to practice politics as the art of making what appears to be impossible, possible." [http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Commencement/1969/053169hillary.html] Her speech received a standing ovation and she was featured in an article published by [[Life (magazine) | ''Life'']] magazine [http://www.hillary-rodham-clinton.org/education.html].
[[Image:Counterstrike-comparison.jpg|right|thumb|412px|Picture of a Terrorist using a Desert Eagle on the map de_dust in the original (left) and Source (right) versions]]
In 1969, Clinton entered [[Yale Law School]]. At Yale, she served on the Board of Editors of [[Yale Review of Law and Social Action]]. Clinton worked with underprivileged children at the [[Yale-New Haven Hospital]] and wrote her widely recognized thesis on the rights of children [http://www.hillary-rodham-clinton.org/education.html]. It was at Yale that she met her future husband, [[Bill Clinton]]. Upon her graduation from Yale Law School in [[1973]], Clinton became a legal advisor at the [[Children's Defense Fund]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. Joining the staff advising the [[U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary Committee]] of the [[United States House of Representatives]], Rodham participated in the [[impeachment]] inquiry against President [[Richard Nixon|Richard M. Nixon]]. She married Bill Clinton in [[1975]] and moved to [[Arkansas]] to be with him as he pursued his political career. After her marriage, Clinton joined the faculty of the [[University of Arkansas]] Law School in [[1975]], and became a [[partnership | partner]] at the [[Rose Law Firm]] in [[1976]].
Standard bonuses are:
==First Lady of Arkansas==
* Win a round: $3500
In [[1978]] Bill Clinton was elected [[governor]] of Arkansas, and Hillary served as Arkansas's First Lady for a total of 12 years. On February 27, [[1980]], she gave birth to [[Chelsea Clinton|Chelsea]], their only child.
* Lose a round: $1500
* Kill an enemy: $300
The scoreboard shows a table of all the players sorted by their team. This table displays the name, total kills, score and latency (ms) in the current map, total deaths in the current map, and [[Latency (engineering)|latency]] ([[ping]]) of that player. Above each team's players' individual statistics is Counter-Terrorist or Terrorist accordingly, and the total wins for that team. The scoreboard also shows whether each player is dead, carrying the bomb (in bomb defusal maps), or the VIP (in assassination maps), although the player must be dead during the round to obtain this information of players on the opposing team.
As First Lady, she chaired the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee, where she successfully fought (against some opposition) for improved testing standards of new teachers. [http://www.oldstatehouse.com/educational_programs/classroom/arkansas_news/detail.asp?id=528&issue_id=29&page=1] She also co-founded the [[Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families]], and served on the boards of the [[Arkansas Children's Hospital]] Legal Services and the [[Children's Defense Fund]] [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/hc42.html].
Any players killed before the round is over become "ghosts"; their chat/voice messages cannot be seen/heard by the players still alive (unless the cvar sv_alltalk is set to 1) and they cannot change their names until they are alive the next round, but they are able to watch the rest of the round from multiple selectable views. Some servers choose to disable some of these selectable views such as viewing from anywhere in the map or from members of the opposing team, because dead players could relay information about living players to their teammates through alternative media (most notably voice in case of [[Internet cafe]]s). This technique, known as "ghosting", is considered to be along the lines of cheating in many tactical shooters.
As first lady, Clinton also practiced law at the powerful [[Rose Law Firm]].
From [[1986]] to [[1992]], she served on the Board of Directors for [[Wal-Mart Stores Inc.]]
''Counter-Strike'' has realistic aspects and others which merely contribute to more enjoyable gameplay in stark contrast to futuristic shooters such as ''[[Quake III Arena]]'' and ''[[Unreal Tournament]]''. At the same time, ''Counter-Strike's'' realism does not detract away from fast-paced action, unlike extremely realistic tactical shooters such as the ''[[Rainbow Six]]'' and ''[[Ghost Recon]]'' series. CS's balance between realism and fast-paced action has rarely been duplicated by other [[tactical shooter]]s or "Counter-Strike clones". An example of realism in this game is that only a few shots are needed to kill, and shots to different parts of the body deal different amounts of damage. However, in ''Counter-Strike'', damage has no bearing on the physical capabilities (speed, jump height, et cetera) of the player, which makes it just as fun (but more dangerous) for a person to play with few hit points remaining. A player with 1 hp can be just as effective as one with 100 hp, but might have to adopt different strategies to stay alive. However, movement is restricted 'while' taking damage from gunfire.
==First Lady of the United States==
[[Image:Hrcfamily.jpg|thumb|270px|The Clinton family arrives at the White House in 1992.]]
There are several game types in ''Counter-Strike'' which define the objectives of each team in the game, and rules which determine which team wins. Each map is of a single game type.
When Bill Clinton was elected to the White House in [[1992]], Clinton became the first lady of the United States. She is regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history, save for [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] [http://www.verveonline.com/27/people/hillary/hillary.shtml].
===Bomb Defusal===
In [[1993]] the President appointed Mrs. Clinton as chair of the Task Force on National Health Care Reform. The recommendation of this task force, commonly called the [[Clinton health care plan]], failed to gain enough support to come to a floor vote in either house of Congress, and was abandoned in September, [[1994]]. In her ''Living History'' memoirs, Hillary Clinton acknowledged that her political inexperience contributed to the defeat, but also said that many other factors were responsible as well.
One Terrorist begins the round carrying a bomb. The Terrorists' objective is to plant the bomb at a bomb site (of which there usually are two in a map, Bombsite-A or Bombsite-B), and ensure its detonation. If the bomb has not been planted, if all the members of one team have been eliminated, then the surviving team wins. If the bomb has been planted and proceeds to explode, the Terrorists win, but if a Counter-Terrorist defuses the bomb (Counter-Terrorists can purchase an optional kit to speed up defusal times), the Counter-Terrorists win. When the round time expires, the Counter-Terrorists win. Deaths due to the detonation of the bomb do not increment the player's death count. Maps of this type are prefixed with ''de_''. Professional tournaments are normally only played in Bomb Defusal maps.
[[Image:Counter strike screenshot.png|thumb|230px|Screenshot from ''Counter-Strike: Source''.]]
===Hostage Rescue===
As first lady, Clinton won many admirers for her staunch support for [[women's rights]] around the world and her commitment to children's issues [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/hc42.html].
The map has hostages (usually four) generally placed near the Terrorist base. The Counter-Terrorists' objective is to escort the hostages to a hostage rescue point on the map. If all the members of a team have been eliminated, the prevailing team wins. If all the surviving hostages have been rescued, and that number is at least half of the initial hostage count, then the Counter-Terrorists win, and each Counter-Terrorist is awarded $2400. When round time expires, Terrorists win. Therefore, the game may effectively become a 'Terrorist hunt' game if enough hostages are killed, although server settings may be such that players are disconnected (kicked) from the server after killing a certain number of hostages (5 is default). When a Counter-Terrorist 'uses' a hostage (i.e. begins to rescue it), the Counter-Terrorist is awarded $150. Upon successfully escorting a hostage to a rescue point, $1000 is awarded. Killing a hostage incurs a penalty of $2250. There is also a penalty associated with injuring a hostage by gun fire or grenade shrapnel (hostages do not take damage for falling). Maps of this type are prefixed with ''cs_''.
===Assassination===
Clinton had a significant effect on her husband's attitude toward education. In [[1992]], when Bill Clinton accepted the Democratic nomination for President, he credited Mrs. Clinton for his emphasis on education, saying, "Hillary taught me...that all children can learn and that each of us has a duty to help them do it. So if you want to know why I care so much about our children, and our future, it all started with Hillary [http://wikisource.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton's_acceptance_speech_to_1992_Democratic_Convention]."
In this mission, one Counter-Terrorist member becomes a VIP; a player with 200 units of Kevlar and nothing more than the Counter-Terrorist standard-issue USP pistol with one extra magazine. The VIP may not pick up dropped weapons other than the VIP's own pistol. The VIP's objective is to reach an extraction zone (1, normally), in which case the Counter-Terrorists win. If the VIP dies, the Terrorists win. As usual, if all Terrorists die, the Counter-Terrorists win. When time expires, Terrorists win. The lack of ammunition for the pistol means that a VIP should not expect to escape without the team's assistance, however, the pistol in conjunction with the special armour provides adequate protection. Maps of this type are prefixed with ''as_''. Assassination maps are the least played of the three types of Counter-Strike gameplay and they were not ported to Counter-Strike: Source, although a ''[http://vipmod.punkassfraggers.com/ VIP mod]'' is being produced by the community for Counter-Strike Source. The reason for their unpopularity is because the Terrorists would all just camp at the VIP's escape designation, shooting the VIP dead as he attempted the run to the exit.
===Escape===
==Relationship with Bill Clinton==
Discontinued in the late-beta releases of Counter-Strike, this gameplay style put Terrorists against Counter-Terrorists in an escape-before-the-clock-expired mission. The Terrorists started in a position relatively far away from the Counter-Terrorists, unarmed and unable to purchase weaponry/equipment. Weapons, armour, and grenades were placed inside a hidden ___location near or around the spawn point of the Terrorists; the objective was for the Terrorists to secure weapons at the hidden ___location and then have all living members of the team reach an escape point before the clock ran out; eliminating all Counter-Terrorists would not complete the mission by itself. The Counter-Terrorist objective was to prevent the escape of the Terrorists. Escape was discontinued because such maps gave an edge towards Counter-Terrorists. Maps of this type are prefixed with ''es_''. While not included in the current Counter-Strike distribution, this mode can still be played. The most popular maps of this type are es_jail, es_riverside, es_frantic, and es_trinity.
[[Image:Hillary.jpg|frame|left|Portrait of the President and First Lady at the South Portico of the White House, February 2000.]]
Clinton's relationship with her husband has been the subject of much speculation and gossip, especially in the wake of the [[Lewinsky scandal]] in which the President admitted to a sexual affair (short of sexual intercourse) with a White House intern, [[Monica Lewinsky]].
== History ==
During the Lewinsky scandal, Mrs. Clinton initially claimed that the allegations against her husband were the result of a "vast right-wing conspiracy. [http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/01/27/hillary.today/]" After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she remained resolute that their marriage was solid. Both Bill and Hillary Clinton's memoirs later revealed that the revelation of the affair was in reality a very painful time in their marriage.
<div class="toccolours" style="width:256px; float:right; margin-left: 1em;">
<p align="center">'''Version history'''</p>
*Beta 1.0 - [[19 June]] [[1999]]
*Beta 1.1 - [[27 June]] [[1999]]
*Beta 1.2 - [[20 July]] [[1999]]
*Beta 2.0 - [[13 August]] [[1999]]
*Beta 2.1 - [[17 August]] [[1999]]
*Beta 3.0 - [[14 September]] [[1999]]
*Beta 3.1 - [[16 September]] [[1999]]
*Beta 4.0 - [[5 November]] [[1999]]
*Beta 4.1 - [[1 December]] [[1999]]
*Beta 5.0 - [[23 December]] [[1999]]
*Beta 5.2 - [[10 January]] [[2000]]
*Beta 6.0 - [[10 March]] [[2000]]
*Beta 6.1 and 6.2 were "Server Only" updates, not for client/user machines
*Beta 6.5 - [[5 June]] [[2000]]
*Beta 6.6 - [[22 June]] [[2000]]
*Beta 7.0 - [[26 August]] [[2000]]
*Beta 7.1 - [[13 September]] [[2000]]
*Version 1.0 - [[8 November]] [[2000]]
*Version 1.1 - [[10 March]] [[2001]]
*Version 1.3 - [[19 September]] [[2001]]
*Version 1.4 - [[24 April]] [[2002]]
*Version 1.5 - [[12 June]] [[2002]]
*Version 1.6 - [[15 September]] [[2003]]
*''[[Counter-Strike: Condition Zero|CS: Condition Zero]]'' - [[23 March]] [[2004]]
*''CS: Source'' - [[7 October]] [[2004]]
</div>
The ''Counter-Strike'' team was formed by [[Minh Le]] ("Gooseman") and [[Jess Cliffe]] ("Cliffe") in [[1999]]. ''Counter-Strike'' Beta 1.0 was released in June that same year, followed by a relatively quick succession of the beta releases (by the end of 1999, beta 5.0 had been released). CS gained in popularity just as rapidly. The ''Counter-Strike'' team was acquired by Valve to turn the fan-created mod into an official mod for ''Half-Life''. In November [[2000]], ''Counter-Strike'' 1.0 — the first non-beta, official retail version of the game — was released. The retail version was a standalone alternative that does not include or require ''Half-Life''; alternatively, existing ''Half-Life'' owners can download the ''Counter-Strike'' mod free. Later, ''Counter-Strike'' was bundled with ''Half-Life'' and several other expansions in the Platinum Pack. The newest version of CS is 1.6 and was released in September 2003 through Valve's new distribution platform called [[Steam (content delivery)|Steam]].
Valve has also been attempting to cash in on the game's popularity by producing more ''Counter-Strike'' games. Valve released a version [[porting|ported]] to the [[Xbox]] [[game console]] in November 2003. It features basic single-player gameplay against [[bot]]s, but it focuses on multiplayer online play like the original. However, the Xbox version of the game (playable on Microsoft's [[Xbox Live]] online game service) has proved less successful than its PC counterpart for obvious reasons; the online ''Counter-Strike'' audience for Xbox is well outnumbered by the existing ''Counter-Strike'' PC community, a subscription cost required to pay online on Live (playing the PC version online is free), and mediocre graphics (only texture upgrades to original CS models) which are below what is expected for the Xbox. For similar reasons, Valve may have made no attempt to have ''Counter-Strike'' ported to the [[PlayStation 2]].
For much of his political career, President Clinton had been dogged by rumors of extra-marital affairs. These rumors gained credibility following the Lewinsky scandal. In his memoirs, President Clinton confirmed a "relationship that I should not have had" with [[Gennifer Flowers]], an Arkansas lounge singer [http://www.newswithviews.com/Boggs/kelly42.htm].
===Counter-Strike: Condition Zero===
{{main|Counter-Strike: Condition Zero}}
A long-awaited single-player version of the game called ''Counter-Strike: Condition Zero'' was released on [[March 23]], [[2004]]. It had been plagued by numerous delays, most notably when [[Valve Software]] dropped [[Gearbox Software]] (who had developed the highly acclaimed [[Half-Life: Opposing Force]]) as developer in favor of [[Ritual Entertainment]] and when Ritual Entertainment in turn lost the project to [[Turtle Rock Studios]] partway through development. ''Condition Zero'' includes multiplayer bots as well. Though still very similar to CS 1.6, this game contains several graphical, sound, model and map changes. ''Condition Zero'' was developed by Turtle Rock Studios. Condition Zero was criticized for not being up to par in terms of quality (it retained the current generation of ''Counter-Strike'' graphics) and saddled with a long overdue release, it sold poorly compared to the original.
Today, ''Counter-Strike'' and ''Counter-Strike: Source'' servers produce more internet traffic than the entire country of Italy.
===Counter-Strike: Source===
These revelations and rumors surrounding President Clinton's extra-marital affairs resulted in a mix of sympathy and scorn for Mrs. Clinton. While many women sympathized with her as a victim of her husband's insensitive behavior, others criticized her for showing no interest in obtaining a divorce. As Clinton is considered by many to be a political figure in her own right, some have charged that she was in a [[marriage of convenience]] [http://www.advisorteam.com/newsletter/200503_hillarybill.html], the primary purpose of which was to advance her political career. In her book ''[[Living History]]'', Mrs. Clinton explains that love is the reason she stays with President Clinton. "[N]o one understands me better and no one can make me laugh the way Bill does. Even after all these years, he is still the most interesting, energizing and fully alive person I have ever met. Bill Clinton and I started a conversation in the spring of 1971, and more than thirty years later we're still talking [http://www.advisorteam.com/newsletter/200503_hillarybill.html]." To supporters her loyalty and perseverance in a sometimes difficult marriage has been viewed as a sign of her personal commitment, strength, and resolve.
In 2004, original ''Counter-Strike'' developers Minh Le and Jess Cliffe, along with members of Valve and the Day of Defeat team, brought ''Counter-Strike'' into the [[Source engine]] as an obvious choice for the multiplayer component of ''Half-Life 2''.
''Counter-Strike: Source'' (CS:S) has been released to [[ATI Technologies|ATI Radeon]] Voucher holders, in ''Half-Life 2'' bundles available on Steam, and with the boxed retail version of the game. Changes include the improvements inherent to the Source engine (such as better graphics and physics) as well as updated models, animations, maps, sounds, and some small gameplay changes. The riot shield introduced in 1.6 is gone and dead players now drop grenades just like other weapons (as was introduced in ''Condition-Zero''). The popular maps, such as de_dust and de_aztec, have the same layouts and size, but are revamped with many aesthetic additions such as glass bottles and 50-gallon drums.
==The 2000 Senate race==
[[Image:ClintonSenate.jpg|right|thumb|Hillary Clinton is sworn in as a U.S. Senator by Vice President Gore as Bill and [[Chelsea Clinton]] look on.]]
For what ''Counter-Strike'' and its popularity is concerned the new Source engine heralds a new beginning for the most popular first-person shooter in history, a game which has been played throughout the world for more than five years. A small amount of vitality has been granted to what is now considered a dying game; previous predictions of CS's demise have been premature, and, in-fact, the number of CS 1.6 players (and servers) out-number CS:S's by more than a factor of four despite the supposed improvements brought by the Source engine port.
When long-time New York Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] announced his retirement, prominent Democratic politicians and advisors urged Clinton to run for the New York Senate seat in the [[U.S. Senate election, 2000| U.S. Senate, 2000, elections]]. When Clinton chose to run, she became the first sitting [[first lady of the United States]] to be a candidate for elected office. She was initially expected to face [[New York City]]'s Mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]], but Giuliani withdrew after being diagnosed with [[prostate cancer]]. Instead, Clinton faced a lesser-known candidate, [[Rick Lazio]], who was a [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] representing [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]] on [[Long Island]]. The contest drew considerable national attention and both candidates were well-funded. By the end of the race, Democrat Clinton and Republicans Lazio and Giuliani had spent a combined $78 million [http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/07/senate.ny/].
The players of CS:S use the new engine for strategic purposes. Since objects in a map can be moved and have realistic properties this provides greater gameplay flexibility. For example, in the map cs_office, the Terrorist players could "[[camping (computer gaming)|camp]]" in a room and barricade the doors with cabinets or chairs. The ragdoll physics are remarkable in that no two player deaths will be played out the same way. For example, with the gravity server variable set to low, a ragdoll propelled by a shotgun could be bounced off two walls, wrap several times around a pole, hit the ground, hit the skybox ceiling, and fall back to the ground.
While Clinton had a solid base of support in [[New York City]], candidates and observers expected the race to be decided in upstate New York where 45 percent of New Yorker voters live. During the campaign, Clinton vowed to improve the economic picture in upstate New York, promising that her plan would deliver 200,000 New York jobs over six years. Her plan included specific tax credits with the purpose of rewarding job creation and encouraging business investment, especially in the high-tech sector. She called for targeted personal tax cuts for college tuition and long-term care [http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/07/senate.ny/]. Clinton began her campaign by visiting every county in the state, in a "listening tour" of small-group settings. During the race, she spent considerable time in traditionally Republican upstate regions.
Professionally, ''Counter-Strike: Source'' is experiencing a cold reception, primarily due to the various glitches still abundant in the game and its engine. Many notable professional players and clans are opposing a universal shift to ''Source'' at this point. This is reflected in the CPL's ([[Cyberathlete Professional League]]) decision to use ''Counter-Strike 1.6'' in preference to the newer Source for it's World Tour in 2006. Because many existing professional players are not shifting their careers to Source, it is opening up opportunities for new players who are dominant at Source to begin a pro-gaming career. This may lead to an exciting period in the future of ''Counter-Strike'', when 1.6 is finally made obsolete by ''Source'', leaving old pro-gamers no choice but to migrate to Source, or retire. However, due to the CPL's decision to stick with 1.6, this may not happen, and it will be interesting to see whether 1.6 or Source win this battle of new age graphics vs old style gameplay.
Clinton faced charges of [[carpetbagging]] since she had never resided in the State of New York nor participated in state politics prior to her Senate race. After her decision to run for the Senate, the Clintons purchased a home in [[Chappaqua, New York]], north of [[New York City]]. Opponents made the carpetbagging issue a focal point throughout the race and during debates. In the end, according to exit polls conducted in the race, more than two-thirds of the voters dismissed the "carpetbagging" issue as unimportant.
CS:Source also has a love/hate relationship with many gamers due to its unnatural physics which result in just about anyone being able to jump off a ledge and aim at a slight offset to the targets head and score a headshot time and time again. The weapon balances can be confusing to new players; emptying entire clips into enemies can be unsuccessful even at close ranges. However, this occurance can attributed to the fact that shooting while running will result in inaccuracy.
Clinton won the election on [[November 7]] with 55% of the vote to Lazio's 43% [http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2000/2000senate.htm#NY]. This 12% margin is larger than the 10% margin by which fellow New York senator [[Charles Schumer]] defeated incumbent Republican [[Al D'Amato]] in the hotly contested [[1998]] race, smaller than Gore's 25% margin over Bush in the state Presidential contest, and considerably smaller than the 47% margin by which Senator Schumer won reelection in 2004 against Republican challenger [[Howard Mills]] [http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/1998/states/NY/S/index.html] [http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/vote2004/ny.htm].
At the moment there are only 14 official maps available, and most of them are remakes of popular maps from earlier versions. In a recent update the map ''cs_compound'' was added, and it is the first original official map to be released for ''Counter-Strike: Source''. On [[13 May]] [[2005]], the second original official map, ''de_port'', was released along with an updated version of ''de_inferno''. While Valve may continue to create new maps, Turtle Rock Studios continue to remake classic maps, although it is not known which maps they are working on. Below is the list of official maps for ''Counter-Strike: Source''.
==Senate career==
At this point, Valve hasn't given the ability to make assassination maps, however, LDuke has created a [http://vipmod.punkassfraggers.com/ server plugin] so you can play the VIP scenario on Counter-Strike: Source.
Political observers have credited Clinton with an effective approach to joining the Senate. To counter her polarizing celebrity, she kept a low public profile and learned the ways of the institution while building relationships with senators from both sides of the aisle. Indeed when [[Elizabeth Dole]] (R-[[North Carolina]]) joined the Senate in [[2003]] in somewhat similar circumstances, she modeled her initial approach after Clinton's.
===List of Official CS:S maps===
In the Senate, Clinton is a member of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services]], the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works]], and the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions]].
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==Weapons and equipment==
Senator Clinton has made [[homeland security]] one of her top issues in the wake of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], especially regarding obtaining funding for recovery from the attacks and for improving security capabilities in the [[New York City]] area.
{{main|Counter-Strike equipment}}
Available equipment in Counter-Strike includes firearms, grenades, body armor and other devices.
==Map types==
She has used her membership on the Armed Services Committee to take a strong position in favor of U.S. military action in [[Afghanistan]] and a somewhat weaker position regarding action in [[Iraq]] (her vote in support of initial military action against Iraq was criticized for being equivocal). Senator Clinton has visited U.S. forces (such as the [[Fort Drum, New York]]-based [[U.S. 10th Mountain Division|10th Mountain Division]]) in both countries. In July 2005 she co-introduced legislation to increase the size of the regular [[United States Army]] by 80,000 soldiers. [http://www.buffalonews.com/editorial/20050714/1063239.asp]
{{main|Counter-Strike maps}}
There are three official types of maps in Counter-Strike, along with many more user-created types.
== Culture ==
[[Image:Clinton_Frist_Health_Policy.jpg|left|thumb|Senators Clinton and Frist hold a joint press conference to announce the Health Technology to enhance Quality (Health TEQ) Act. ]]
{{main|Counter-Strike culture}}
Senator Clinton has also pressed for education, labor, and technology infrastructure programs to assist economic development in upstate New York and similar regions. For instance, in [[2003]], Senator Clinton solicited offshoring firm [[Tata Consultancy Services]] to set up shop in economically beleaguered [[Buffalo, New York]] as part of "[http://www.tata.com/tcs/releases/20030310.htm bringing new businesses to the state of New York]". In [[2004]], Clinton [http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20040429-070356-1811r.htm co-founded and became the co-chair] of the [http://www.zazona.com/ShameH1B/Library/Archives/IndiaCaucus-MissionStatement.htm U.S. Senate India Caucus] with the encouragement and aid of the [http://www.usinpac.com USINPAC] [[Political Action Committee]].
''Counter-Strike'' is famous for the culture surrounding it, which includes everything from professional gamers and leagues, to cheating and disruptive behavior.
== Legacy of Counter-Strike ==
In May, 2005, Senator Clinton joined forces with her former adversary, House Speaker [[Newt Gingrich]], on a proposal for universal health care [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/06/06/klein.tm/index.html]. In June, 2005, Senator Clinton united with Senator [[Bill Frist]] to push for the modernization of medical records, claiming that thousands of deaths caused by medical mistakes, such as misreading prescriptions, can be prevented by greater reliance on computer technology [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/06/16/clinton.frist.healthcare.ap/index.html].
While ''Counter-Strike'' is nowadays perhaps the most professionally played computer game in the world behind ''[[StarCraft]]'' in [[South Korea]], most players simply ignore the professional side of the game and play for fun. The success of the game among players of this attitude but also among those who do play more competitively highlights the wide appeal of Counter-Strike's simple game model. Counter-Strike has had a colorful and dramatic history which reaches far beyond what this document could hope to cover, and still remains extremely popular to this day.
Because its longevity as the most popular FPS far exceeded early expectations, many people wish that ''Counter-Strike'' would "die", thereby allowing a fresh new game to replace it as the leading [[multiplayer]] [[First person shooter]] (FPS) and [[Tactical shooter]]. While CS was realistic for its time, it has been frowned upon by a growing number who feel the Half-Life [[GoldSrc]] engine has reached its limits in its capacity to evolve and to stay updated. (Counter-Strike: Source has been criticized as failing to take full advantage of the [[Source engine]]). In addition, there is a growing frustration that the developers are unwilling to make official changes or add new features; maintaining the same map layouts and weapons to appease longtime CS players. There have been a multitude of games coveted by their developers, reviewers, and fans as "Counter-Strike killers", however none have seriously been able to dent its overall popularity. Server statistics in 2002 showed "Counter-Strike" servers outnumbered their Battlefield, [[Unreal Tournament 2003]], or ''Quake III'' FPS counterparts at least 3 to 1.
In 2005 during the intense debate over the [[filibuster|filibustering]] of some of [[President George W. Bush]]'s federal judicial nominations, Senator Clinton generally kept a low profile. [http://www.suntimes.com/output/elect/cst-nws-fwin25.html] She was not part of the "Gang of 14" that resolved the dispute short of the "[[nuclear option (filibuster)|nuclear option]]", but she did vote to endorse that resolution and end debate on the nominations, thereby allowing the nominations to come to a vote. She subsequently voted against three of the nominees, but all were confirmed. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,157604,00.html] Regarding the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] nomination of [[John G. Roberts, Jr.]], Clinton has taken no position pending the Senate confirmation hearings. [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/wire/newyork/ny-bc-ny--scotus-schumer0720jul20,0,6180123.story?coll=ny-region-apnewyork]
At the same time, since ''Counter-Strike'' is based on the venerable ''Half-Life'' [[GoldSrc]] engine, almost any PC made in 1997 can play it since the game does not need a powerful CPU and video card required of many current FPS games. In 2000, the widespread popularity of the [[Nvidia]] [[GeForce]] and [[ATI]] [[Radeon]] [[Transform and lighting|hardware T&L]] graphics cards was expected to move the video game industry forward to the [[DirectX]] 7.0 generation. Older DirectX 6.0 and past generations of graphics cards were slowly being made obselete and gamers were expected to eventually abandon ''Half-Life'' (a DirectX 5.0 game) for newer DirectX 7.0 games that could make full use of the T&L capabilities of their GeForce and Radeon cards. Likewise, the advent of hardware graphics acceleration in 1997-1998 had fueled the rise of Half-Life and other contemporary games, which replaced earlier software rendering games such as [[Quake]] as the most popular. However, the universal shift to the DirectX 7.0 level and beyond has not happened, and the continued popularity of CS has given older video cards such as the [[3dfx]] Voodoo 3, [[ATI]] Rage 128, and Nvidia [[RIVA TNT2]] continued usefullness.
==The 2006 Senate race==
Clinton announced in November 2004 that she will seek a second term in the Senate. Senator Clinton faces a possible challenge from [[Republican Party (United States) | Republican]] [[lawyer]] [[Ed Cox]] in the 2006 New York Senate race. As of June, 2005, Cox had formed an exploratory committee for the race and hired a campaign manager, spokesmen, pollsters and fund raisers. Cox accused Senator Clinton of not being able to produce because "she's not in the party in power in Washington." Another possible contender for the New York Senate seat is [[Westchester County, New York | Westchester]] District Attorney Republican Jeannine Pirro. Current polls, including a [[Quinnipiac University]] poll conducted in February, 2005, and a [[Mason-Dixon Polling & Research Inc.]] poll conducted in May, 2005, indicate that Senator Clinton is the favorite going into the 2006 race. In February, 2005, Senator Clinton's approval rating stood at 65-27 among New York voters [http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x11373.xml?ReleaseID=647] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,157119,00.html].
Graphics hardware aside, the prohibitively expensive cost of a gaming PC in general makes it unlikely that a "Counter-Strike killer" FPS will be found on the PC platform. Video game consoles such as the [[PlayStation 2]] and [[Xbox]] are becoming increasingly popular as the PC gaming market stagnates, but the growth of online FPS action will still be restricted by the additional online fees.
==Possible presidential bid==
[[Image:surf egypt0002.jpg|thumb|A sniper being slapped by the admin for allegedly 'unfair' reasons.]]
Clinton has expressed possible interest in the [[2008]] presidential race [http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-11/27/content_285278.htm]. She is considered by some to be the only viable female potential candidate for the presidency in recent memory. The last female candidate for a major national office was [[Walter Mondale]]'s [[Vice President | Vice Presidential]] candidate [[Geraldine Ferraro]]. Mondale and Ferraro lost in a [[landslide victory|landslide]] against [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[George H. W. Bush]] in [[1984]]. Clinton has a well-established national image that makes her possible candidacy in [[U.S. presidential election, 2008|2008]] a popular and highly controversial topic among media pundits, [[weblog|bloggers]], and the public at large. For example, in July 2005 the magazine ''[[Washington Monthly]]'' ran two side-by-side articles, one thinking that she could win the presidency and one thinking that she could not [http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2005/0507.cannon.html] [http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2005/0507.sullivan1.html]. In a [[CNN]]/[[USA Today]]/[[Gallup]] poll conducted on May 26, [[2005]], when asked the likelihood of voting for Senator Clinton for president, 29 percent of respondents were very likely, 24 percent were somewhat likely, 7 percent were not very likely, and 39 percent were not at all likely. In June [[2003]], in a similar poll, the numbers had been 21 percent very likely, 21 percent somewhat likely, 12 percent not very likely, and 44 percent not at all likely. In May, [[2005]], 55 percent of respondents held a favorable view of Senator Clinton, while 39 percent held an unfavorable view of her [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/05/26/hillary.clinton/index.html]. These findings were similar to the June 2003 poll that found 53 percent reacted favorably toward her and 41 percent unfavorably, with the undecided/no opinion bloc representing only 6% of those polled.
== Mods and scripts ==
==Political Views==
Even though ''Counter-Strike'' is itself a mod, it developed its own community of script writers and modders. There have been many different mods and scripts to:
# Improve gameplay
# Remove features of the games which players felt were annoying
# Give players superhuman powers (powers from units in ''[[Warcraft III]]'', for example.)
# Make the game more humourous
# Create different modes of play
# Control players not following set rules
# Keep track of player statistics and scores
# Provide options for weapon improvement (AKA Skinning: Affects the way guns look and sound to the user but remain unchanged to anyone else in the game. Only the user sees the differences. The weapon's attributes remain the same.)
See [[Metamod]] for more information.
Senator Clinton is largely regarded to be a proponent of [[liberalism]]. In a Gallup poll conducted during May, 2005, fifty-four percent of respondents considered Senator Clinton a [[liberal]], thirty percent considered her a [[moderate]], and nine percent considered her a [[conservative]] [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/05/26/hillary.clinton/index.html]. Senator Clinton's votes and remarks on many issues provide an outline of her political views.
== Related topics ==
===Fighting terrorism===
* [[Counter-Strike equipment]]
In a speech on December 8, [[2004]], regarding the passage of the [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act]] of 2004, Senator Clinton delivered remarks on her approach to [[homeland security]]. "[This] legislation calls for dramatic improvements in the security of our nation's transportation infrastructure, including aviation security, air cargo security, and port security. Through this legislation, the security of the Northern Border will also be improved, a goal I have worked toward since 2001. Among many key provisions, the legislation calls for an increase of at least 10,000 border patrol agents from Fiscal Years 2006 through 2010, many of whom will be dedicated specifically to our Northern Border. There will also be an increase of at least 4,000 full-time immigration and customs enforcement officers in the next 5 years [http://clinton.senate.gov/~clinton/news/2004/2004C08C23.html]."
* [[Counter-Strike maps]]
* [[Counter-Strike terms]]
* [[Counter-Strike culture]]
* [[Counter-Strike glitches]]
* [[Broken Arms Gordon]] - a graphical glitch that occurs during recorded playback
* [[List of firearms in first person shooters]]
* [[Cheating in online games]]
* [[Cheating in Counter-Strike]]
* ''[[Half-Life]]''
* [[Steam (content delivery)|Steam]]
* [[List of Half-Life mods]]
* [[Counter-Strike: Condition Zero]]
==See also==
Later in the speech, Senator Clinton described her satisfaction with the way in which the [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act]] of [[2004]] tackles what she views as the root causes of [[terrorism]] by improving [[education]] around the world and establishing [[schools]] in [[Muslim]] countries that will replace the current [[madrassas]]. "I am also pleased that the legislation addresses the root causes of terrorism in a proactive manner. This is an issue that I have spent a good deal of time on in the past year because I believe so strongly that we are all more secure when children and adults around the world are taught math and science instead of hate. The bill we are voting on today includes authorization for an International Youth Opportunity Fund, which will provide resources to build schools in Muslim countries. The legislation also acknowledges that the U.S. has a vested interest in committing to a long-term, sustainable investment in education around the globe. Some of this language is modeled on legislation that I introduced in September, The Education for All Act of 2004, and I believe it takes us a small step towards eliminating madrassas and replacing them with schools that provide a real education to all children [http://clinton.senate.gov/~clinton/news/2004/2004C08C23.html]."
* [[First-person shooter]]
== External links ==
Clinton has sponsored and co-sponsored several bills relating to the prevention of terrorism.
; Official websites
===Free markets, independent press, and independent branches of government===
* [http://www.counter-strike.net/ ''Counter-Strike'']
* [http://www.cs-conditionzero.com/ ''Counter-Strike: Condition Zero'']
* [http://www.steampowered.com/ Steam]
; Community websites
On April 9, [[2005]], Senator Clinton addressed the [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]]’s [[Hubert Humphrey]] Dinner in [[Minneapolis]]. During her speech, Senator Clinton outlined her support for [[free markets]] and a government that balances power between its various independent branches. "One of the great geniuses of our founders was also how keenly they understood human nature. They knew if one person, one group acquired too much power it would be dangerous for democracy. You have to keep competing power centers to keep an eye on each other. When you have independent branches of government, a free market economy and a free press then you do have protection against abuse of power."
* [http://www.hlforums.com HLForums.com] — A popular ''Half-Life'' and ''Counter Strike'' community site.
* [http://www.csnation.net/ CS-Nation] — A popular ''Counter-Strike'' News site
* [http://www.csbanana.com/ CSBANANA] — Another popular ''Counter-Strike'' website
; Competitive Counter-Strike
===Support for working families===
* [http://www.caleague.com/ The Cyberathlete Ameteur League]
* [http://www.thecpl.com/ The Cyberathlete Professional League]
* [http://www.gotfrag.com/cs/ GotFrag?] — Coverage of Counter-Strike related events in the world of [[electronic sports]]
* [http://www.esportsa.za.net/ eSportSA] — One of South Africa's [[electronic sports]] community sites.
* [http://www.kevinmandeville.com/weblog/2005/05/counterstrike-source-strategies.html CS_ITALY Map Strategies]
* [http://whisper.ausgamers.com/warstrats.htm The Very Basic ''Counter-Strike'' War Strategy Guide]
; Other Resources
During her speech to the [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]]’s [[Hubert Humphrey]] Dinner in [[Minneapolis]] on April 9, [[2005]], Senator Clinton pledged her support for working families. "We have our work cut out for us and so we fight on. We fight for the parents who get up everyday meeting their responsibilities to their children and to their own parents who are getting older and sometimes need care too. We fight for the mother who worries what she’ll do if her child runs a fever some night and she knows she can’t afford to call a doctor. We fight for the dad who works two jobs to earn the income he used to bring home with one. Who never gets to sit down for a family meal anymore, who misses all those softball games, those little league and soccer games. And we fight for the high school senior who has worked so hard and now sees the cost of college slipping out of sight."
* [http://www.hlds101.com/ HLDS 101] — How to create your ''Counter-Strike'' server
* [http://www.17buddies.net 17Buddies] — World leader in custom maps (More than 10000 maps for Hl1, HL² and Mods)
* [http://www.onemorelevel.com/games/camperstrike.html Camperstrike] — A [[Macromedia Flash]] game which parodies ''Counter-Strike''
*{{moby game|id=/half-life-counter-strike|name=''Counter-Strike''}}
* [http://www.bosskey.net/cs/ Bosskey.net - Counter-Strike resources]
* [http://www.counterstrike2d.com Counter-Strike 2D : A 2D clone of the most famous multiplayer game ever]
{{Half-Life}}
===Universal health care===
In a speech to [[Harvard Medical School]] on June 4, [[1998]], Clinton outlined general support for universal health care. "There are 41 million people without health insurance. Who will take care of these people in the future? How will we pay for their care? How will we pay for the extra costs that come when someone is not treated for a chronic disease or turned away from the emergency room? The job of health care reform cannot be done when access to care depends on skin color or the neighborhood they live in or the amount of money in their wallet. Let’s continue to work toward universal affordable, quality health care [http://www.issues2000.org/Senate/Hillary_Clinton_Health_Care.htm]."
[[Category:First-person shooters]]
Clinton has subsequently said that health care coverage improvements need to be made incrementally over time, in contrast to the more ambitious, wide-ranging plan that failed in 1993-1994. Clinton has recently collaborated with former Republican House Speaker [[Newt Gingrich]] on joint proposals for incremental health care improvements that would involve both private insurers and government. [http://www.issues2000.org/Senate/Hillary_Clinton_Health_Care.htm] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/21/AR2005072102272.html]
[[Category:Multiplayer online games]]
[[Category:Electronic sports]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Counter-Strike| ]]
[[da:Counter-Strike]]
===Fiscal responsibility===
[[de:Counter-Strike]]
In her address to the [[Democratic National Convention]] on August 14, [[2000]], Clinton asserted that it is fiscally responsible for the United States government to stay out of debt. She stressed her support for the social programs, [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] and [[Medicare (United States) | Medicare]], that were established during the presidency of [[Franklin Roosevelt]]. "We’ll never accomplish what we need to do for our children if we burden them with a debt they didn’t create. Franklin Roosevelt said that Americans of his generation had a rendezvous with destiny. It’s time to protect the next generation by using our budget surplus to pay down the national debt, save Social Security, modernize Medicare with a prescription drug benefit, & provide targeted tax cuts to the families who need them most."
[[es:Counter Strike]]
[[fr:Counter-Strike]]
Clinton has sponsored legislation designed to reduce the deficit by rebalancing recent tax cuts. She has co-sponsored legislation related to debt and deficit reduction.
[[he:Counter Strike]]
[[it:Counter-Strike]]
===Strong United Nations===
[[nl:Counter-Strike]]
On February 13, [[2005]], at the [[Munich Conference on Security Policy]], Senator Clinton outlined her support for a strong [[United Nations]]. "My first observation is simple but it must govern all that we do: The United Nations is an indispensable organization to all of us - despite its flaws and inefficiencies. This means quite simply, that everyone here today, and governments everywhere, must decide that our global interests are best served by strengthening the U.N., by reforming it, by cleaning up its obvious bureaucratic and managerial shortcomings, and by improving its responsiveness to crises, from humanitarian to political." Senator Clinton continued, "At its founding in San Francisco sixty years ago, fifty members signed the Charter. Today, the U.N. has 191 members, and, quite frankly, many of them sometimes act against the interests of a stronger U.N., whether consciously or not, with alarming regularity. Since the U.N. is not, in the final analysis, an independent hierarchical organization, like for example a sports team or a corporation, but no more - or less - than a collection of its members, the U.N. becomes progressively weakened by such action. Ironically, "the U.N." - an abstraction that everyone from journalists to those of us in this room use in common discussions - is often blamed for the actions (or inactions) of its members.[http://clinton.senate.gov/news/statements/details.cfm?id=236353&&]"
[[no:Counter-Strike]]
[[ja:カウンターストライク]]
Clinton has co-sponsored a Senate resolution "expressing the sense of the Senate on the importance of membership of the United States on the United Nations Human Rights Commission."
[[pl:Counter-Strike]]
[[pt:Counter-Strike]]
===Legal abortion===
[[ru:Counter-Strike]]
[[sr:Каунтер Страјк]]
Clinton has been a staunch supporter of the legality of abortion guaranteed by the [[U.S. Constitution]] as determined in the [[Roe v. Wade]] [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] decision of [[1973]]. Clinton is an [[anti-abortionist]] who thinks that the criminalization of abortion will not end the practice of abortion. Clinton claims that the acceptance and availability of [[birth control]] and [[sex education]] will eliminate unwanted [[pregnancies]] and bring an end to [[abortion]]. Clinton is opposed to the economic and social pressures that lead to abortion.
[[fi:Counter-Strike]]
[[sv:Counter-Strike]]
In a speech on January 24, [[2005]], to the New York State [[Family Planning]] Providers, Senator Clinton outlined her stance on [[abortion]]. "When I spoke to the conference on women in Beijing in 1995 -- ten years ago this year -- I spoke out against any government interfering with the reproductive rights and decisions of women and families. So we have a lot of experience from around the world that is a cautionary tale about what happens when a government substitutes its opinion for an individual's. There is no reason why government cannot do more to educate and inform and provide assistance so that the choice guaranteed under our constitution either does not ever have to be exercised or only in very rare circumstances." Senator Clinton emphasized that, "I believe we can all recognize that abortion in many ways represents a sad, even tragic choice to many, many women." She praised the role of moral values in preventing unwanted pregnancies while supporting continued research into the most effective means of preventing these pregnancies. "Research shows that the primary reason that teenage girls abstain is because of their religious and moral values. We should embrace this -- and support programs that reinforce the idea that abstinence at a young age is not just the smart thing to do, it is the right thing to do. But we should also recognize what works and what doesn't work, and to be fair, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of abstinence-only programs. I don't think this debate should be about ideology, it should be about facts and evidence." [http://clinton.senate.gov/~clinton/speeches/2005125A05.html]
[[tr:Counter-Strike]]
[[zh:反恐精英]]
A recent [[New York Times]] article titled "The Evolution of Hillary Clinton" takes note of Clinton's ability to find middle ground between voters with various views on the criminalization of abortion. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/13/nyregion/13hillary.ready.html?pagewanted=3]
Clinton has a [[NARAL|National Abortion Rights Action League]] score of "100%", voting in favor of maintaining legal abortion with every vote on the subject [http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/publications/cong_04_ny.cfm].
===Support for civil unions for gay couples and opposition to gay marriage===
On December 7, [[2003]], in an interview with [[John Roberts (television reporter) | John Roberts]] of [[CBS News]], Senator Clinton expressed her opposition to [[gay marriage]] while affirming her support for [[civil unions]]. "I think that the vast majority of Americans find [gay marriage] to be something they can't agree with. But I think most Americans are fair. And if they believe that people in committed relationships want to share their lives and, not only that, have the same rights that I do in my marriage, to decide who I want to inherit my property or visit me in a hospital, I think that most Americans would think that that's fair and that should be done [http://www.friendsofhillary.com/news/20031207b.php]." In the same interview, Senator Clinton expressed opposition to the [[Federal Marriage Amendment]], a proposed constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. "I think that would be a terrible step backwards. It would be the first time we've ever amended the Constitution to deny rights to people. And I think that should be left to the states. You know, I find it hard to believe in one program [health care] I'm agreeing with Newt Gingrich, now I'm about to agree with Dick Cheney. But I think Vice President Cheney's position on gay marriage is the right one." Clinton supports the [[Defense of Marriage Act]] that allows states to decide same-sex marriage rights independently of other states. [http://www.davidclemens.com/gaymilitary/hillary.htm]
[[Image:Living History.jpg|framed|right|Clinton's autobiography ''Living History'']]
==Clinton's writings and recordings==
Clinton is a prolific author. As First Lady, she wrote a weekly newspaper column entitled "Talking It Over", focusing on her experiences and her observations of women, children, and families she encountered during her travels around the world.
Her [[1996]] book, ''It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us'' became a best-seller, and she received the [[1997]] [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album]] for her recording of it.
Other books released by Clinton as First Lady include ''An Invitation to the White House'' and ''Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets''.
Clinton's memoirs, as the 562-page book ''[[Living History]]'', were released in [[2003]]. The book sold more than one million copies in the first month following publication. In anticipation of these sales, the publisher [[Simon & Schuster]] paid her an advance of $8 million—a record figure at that time. Her recording in that year of ''Living History'' earned her a second Grammy nomination in the Best Spoken Word Album category.
==Controversies==
===Clinton's commencement speech at Wellesley===
Clinton allegedly offended some parents and college officials by adding some remarks at the start of her commencement address at [[Wellesley College]], during her own graduation, that labelled as irrelevant the previous speech by [[Massachusetts]] [[United States Senator|Senator]] [[Edward Brooke]]. Brooke, the first [[African-American]] elected to the Senate since [[Reconstruction]] and a [[liberal]] [[Republican]], delivered an earlier commencement address in which he denounced [[student radicals]] even though he extolled free speech.
===Cattle futures===
In [[1979]], Clinton's trades in cattle [[futures contracts]] generated criticism regarding conflict of interest. Her initial $1,000 investment generated $100,000 (a 10,000% return) when she stopped trading ten months later. [[Chicago Mercantile Exchange]] records indicated that $40,000 of her profits came from larger trades initiated by Clinton's lawyer and friend, James Blair, an experienced futures trader and outside counsel to [[Tyson Foods]]. According to exchange records, [[Robert L. "Red" Bone]], the commodities broker that facilitated the trades on behalf of [[Ray E. Friedman and Co.]] (Refco), reportedly because Blair was a good client, allowed Clinton to maintain her positions even though she did not have enough money in her account to cover her activity. Refco was fined for violating Chicago Mercantile Exchange rules governing [[margin]] trading. After an investigation, [[Leo Melamed]], chair of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, concluded that Clinton hadn't violated the rules [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/whitewater/stories/wwtr940527.htm].
===First Lady shaping public policy?===
In addition to philosophical arguments against the [[Clinton health care plan]], some critics called it inappropriate for a first lady to play a central role in matters of public policy. Supporters, by contrast, argued she was no different than other White House advisors. [http://teacher.scholastic.com/researchtools/articlearchives/civics/presid/flgall/flhomema.htm]
===Whitewater scandal===
While in Arkansas, the Clintons partnered with [[Jim McDougal | Jim]] and [[Susan McDougal]] in a real estate venture known as Whitewater. At the time the McDougals operated a [[savings and loan]] that retained Clinton's legal services at [[Rose Law Firm]]. When the McDougals' savings and loan failed in [[1994]], federal investigators subpoenaed Clinton's legal billing records for auditing purposes. Clinton was unable to produce these records. After an extensive, two-year search, the records were found in the first lady's book room in the White House and delivered to investigators in [[1996]]. The mysterious appearance of the billing records sparked intense interest and another investigation about how they surfaced and where they had been. After the discovery of the records, on January 26, [[1996]], Clinton made history by becoming the first first lady to testify before a grand jury. The [[Whitewater scandal | Whitewater investigation]] was initiated by independent counsel [[Ken Starr]]. Despite years of investigations during Bill Clinton's presidency, which cost an estimated $40 million, no criminal charges were brought against the Clintons. The McDougals were jailed as a result of the investigation. [[Webster Hubbell]] from Arkansas pled guilty to felony charges of lying to federal investigators about Clinton's role in both Whitewater and the savings and loan failure. According to reports, the Clintons lost their financial investment in the Whitewater business projects [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/arkansas/docs/recs.html] [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/arkansas/docs/recs.html].
[[Image:Clinton_Village.jpg|framed|right|Clinton's best-selling book ''It Takes a Village'']]
===Vince Foster's suicide===
The Whitewater investigation examined the suicide of [[Vince Foster]]. Critics of the Clintons had alleged that Foster's death was not a suicide and that it was connected to Whitewater. Starr's investigation, as well as investigations by the Department of Justice, the FBI, and the Park Police, concluded that Foster's death was a suicide.
===It Takes A Village?===
Senator Clinton's [[1996]] book, ''It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us'' immediately rankled opponents, who claimed that all it takes is a family to raise a child. [http://www.libertynet.org/~edcivic/village.html] Years later, Republican Senator [[Rick Santorum]] would title a book ''It Takes a Family'' in direct contrast to Clinton's. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/07/06/santorum.book.ap/].
Clinton's supporters assert that children rely on safe neighborhoods, good teachers, readily available health-care, and many other facets of "The Village" to be raised properly.
===Changing sports affiliations?===
In a much publicized move, at a Democratic Party rally during her successful campaign for the U.S. Senate, Clinton donned a [[New York Yankees]] baseball cap, even though she had also been a lifelong fan of the [[Chicago Cubs]]. (She explained this by saying that she had to develop an [[American League]] rooting interest, since fans of the Cubs were not expected to root for the American League [[Chicago White Sox]], and vice versa; and the Yankees, then as now, were a dominant team in the American League.)
===Hasidic pardons===
In [[2000]], two months after Clinton's election to the Senate, President Clinton [[Bill_Clinton#Pardons|pardoned]] four residents of the New Square [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] enclave in Rockland County, New York, who had been convicted of defrauding the federal government. The New Square community had voted over 99 to 1 in favor of Mrs. Clinton, raising allegations of [[conflict of interest]]. A federal investigation launched by critics of the pardon cleared both Clintons of any illegal activity.
===Gandhi comment===
Clinton came under criticism in [[2004]] after saying that [[Mahatma Gandhi]] "ran a gas station down in Saint Louis." Many took Clinton's words as stereotyping [[South Asia | South Asians]] living in the United States. Clinton apologized, blamed "a lame attempt at humor," and claimed that she "admired the work and life of Mahatma Gandhi and had spoken publicly about that many times [http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/152686p-134376c.html]." [[Michelle Naef]], administrator of the [[M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence]] said she didn't think Clinton was trying to demean Mahatma Gandhi and credited both Clintons as long having supported the Gandhi message. However, Naef said that Clinton's remarks were offensive and could be "incredibly harmful [http://www.indiapost.com/members/story.php?story_id=2357]."
===Rosen's indictment and acquittal===
Clinton's former finance director, [[David Rosen (politics)|David Rosen]], was indicted on [[January 7]] [[2005]] on campaign finance charges related to a fund-raising event produced by [[Peter F. Paul]]. Paul, who was convicted on stock fraud charges after being extradited from [[Brazil]], claims he spent $1.2 million to produce the "Hollywood tribute to honor President Clinton" event, which was both a tribute to honor President Clinton and to assist in raising funds for Clinton's 2000 Senate campaign. The [[Justice Department]] indictment charged Rosen with filing false reports with the [[Federal Election Commission]] by reporting only $400,000 in contributions. On [[May 27]], 2005, the jury acquitted Rosen on all counts [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050527/ap_on_re_us/clinton_fundraising_probe].
===Stop Her Now===
In February [[2005]], associates of Republican political consultant [[Arthur J. Finkelstein|Arthur Finkelstein]] announced he would be forming a [[Political action committee|PAC]] entitled [http://www.stophernow.com/ Stop Her Now] with the stated goal, "to shed light on the REAL Hillary Clinton and the danger she and her ideas pose for America."
===Move to the center?===
Following the [[2004]] election cycle, Clinton began what some saw as a movement to the political [[center]] by supporting health care reform with [[Contract with America]] architect and former adversary [[Newt Gingrich]]. [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/wire/newyork/ny-bc-ny--clinton-gingrich0721jul21,0,7550602.story]
The alignment represents for both a reconciliation with the past, for it was Gingrich that helped defeat Clinton's health care plan in the early 1990s. With this failure as a backdrop, her relationship with Gingrich is surprising. Clinton's January 2005 speech on abortion [[#Legal_abortion|quoted above]] was also viewed by some as part of her move to the center.
[[Liberal]] media watchdog [[Media Matters]] has offered evidence that Clinton's positions have remained consistent with her past [http://mediamatters.org/items/200501260014] [http://mediamatters.org/items/200502020002].
===Fashion===
Hillary Rodham Clinton has always been faced with the [[double standard]] that prominent women are judged more on their appearance than prominent men are. In addition, she has lived through several culture clashes of her times; for instance, in the 1970s her relationship with her future mother-in-law, [[Virginia Kelly]], did not start out in the most auspicious manner, as Rodham did not wear [[makeup]] and paid absolutely no attention to [[fashion]], whereas Kelly was the opposite and even wore a white skunk-stripe through her naturally black hair. In recent years, Clinton has paid more attention to appearance and has been featured on the cover of ''[[Vogue magazine|Vogue]]'' magazine. However, in her Senate career she has almost always worn black [[pantsuits]].
==Trivia==
===Changing Names===
Clinton maintained the name Hillary Rodham after marrying Bill Clinton. In 1980 Bill Clinton was defeated for reelection as governor of Arkansas. During his successful campaign to regain the office in 1982, Hillary Rodham began to be introduced as Hillary Clinton. When Bill Clinton won the presidential election in 1992, the new first lady began to be introduced as Hillary Rodham Clinton.
===HillarysHair===
The public fascination with Clinton's role as First Lady extended to her personal appearance. Clinton's experiments with different [[hairstyle]]s were documented at hillaryshair.com, now defunct, <!-- don't try to give a link for this, it's a porno site now -->which was one of the more popular websites in the early days of the [[World Wide Web]]. [http://s-t.com/daily/03-96/03-02-96/1hair.htm]
===It Takes a Village===
Clinton's book, ''It Takes a Village and Other Proverbs Children Teach Us'' references the African proverb that "it takes a village to raise a child."
===Abraham Lincoln===
Clinton thinks that [[Abraham Lincoln]], the founder of the Republican Party, would be a modern-day Democrat, saying Lincoln had "attitudes and values very much in line with what the Democratic Party believes." [http://www.baltimoresun.com/features/lifestyle/bal-to.democrats23jul23,1,6713748.story?page=2&coll=bal-pe-today]
==Further reading==
*[[Sidney Blumenthal|Blumenthal, Sidney]]. ''The Clinton Wars''. ISBN 0374125023
*[[David Brock|Brock, David]]. ''The Seduction of Hillary Rodham''. ISBN 0684834510
*[[Bill Clinton|Clinton, Bill]]. ''My Life''. ISBN 0375414576
*Clinton, Hillary Rodham. ''It Takes a Village''. ISBN 0684825457
*Clinton, Hillary Rodham. ''[[Living History]]''. ISBN 0743222245
*[[Joe Conason|Conason, Joe]] and [[Gene Lyons|Lyons, Gene]]. ''The Hunting of the President: The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton''. ISBN 0684834510
*[[Susan Estrich|Estrich, Susan]]. ''The Case for Hillary Clinton''. ISBN 0060839880
*[[Edward Klein|Klein, Edward]], ''[[The Truth About Hillary|The Truth About Hillary: What She Knew, When She Knew It, and How Far She'll Go to Become President]]''. ISBN 1595230068
*[[Dick Morris|Morris, Dick]]. ''Rewriting History''. ISBN 0060736682
*[[Barbara Olson|Olson, Barbara]], ''The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House''. ISBN 0895261677
*[[Barbara Olson|Olson, Barbara]], ''Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton''. ISBN 0895261979.
==External links==
{{Commons|Hillary Rodham Clinton}}
===Official links===
*[http://clinton.senate.gov Senator Clinton's official web site]
*[http://www.hillaryclinton.com HillaryClinton.com: Official 2006 Senate campaign website]
*[http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/hc42.html Biography of First Lady Clinton]
===Unofficial links===
*[http://hillary2008.forumsplace.com/ Hillary Rodham Clinton 2008 Discussion Board]
*[http://votehillary.org Unofficial Hillary Clinton for President 2008 site]
*[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us552286/us53440/us10087063/us10087066/us588533/us53459/us10087022/us259204/us1175465/us1175466/us525987/ LookSmart - ''Hillary Clinton''] directory category
*[http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/U_S__States/New_York/Government/Elected_and_Appointed_Officials/U_S__Senators/Clinton__Hillary_Rodham__D_/ Yahoo! - ''Hillary Rodham Clinton''] directory category
*[http://dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Legislative_Branch/Senate/Members/Clinton,_Hillary_Rodham_%5bD-NY%5d/ Open Directory Project - ''Hillary Rodham Clinton''] directory category
*[http://www.patrickruffini.com/2008wire/index.php?c=Clinton 2008 Presidential Wire - Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton]
===Senate races===
*[http://www.ontheissues.org/NY_Senate_NBC.htm Clinton's positions in 2000 Senate Race]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2000/LOCAL/northeast/07/21/mny.hillary.jews/ Clinton enjoys strong support from Jewish voters]
*[http://dir.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/11/02/news/index.html Allegations during the Senate Race]
* [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0700/hillary.slur.asp Jewish Vote Crucial]
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/11/03/politics/main246677.shtml Results & Demographic Breakdown of Votes]
* [http://www.detnews.com/2001/politics/0105/04/a05-220310.htm New Square]
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C1FFA395B0C728EDDAF0894DA404482 Prosecutors Clear Clintons in Hasidic Case]
===Possible presidential race===
*[http://www.hillpac.com/ HillPAC] - Leadership PAC
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