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[[Image:Praying_mantis_band.jpg|frame|Dennis Stratton (left, in blue jacket) as a member of Praying Mantis in an undated photo]]
:''This article is about the vegetable. For other things called ''kale'' please see [[Kale (disambiguation)]].''
'''Dennis Stratton''' (b. [[November 9]], [[1954]] in [[London]], [[England]]) is a guitar player who was a member of the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Iron Maiden (band)|Iron Maiden]] from [[January]] [[1980]] to [[October]] [[1980]].
During this time, he participated in the recording of the group's first album, [[Iron Maiden (album)|Iron Maiden]], the ''Women in Uniform'' EP, some subsequent singles and the ''Live!! + 1'' live album.
[[Image:Lacinato Kale and Collard Greens.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Lacinato Kale (left) with [[Collard greens]] (right)]]
'''Kale''' is a form of [[cabbage]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' contains a wide array of vegetables, including [[broccoli]], [[cauliflower]], and [[Brussels sprouts]]. The [[cultivar|Cultivar Group]] Acephala also includes [[Spring green|spring greens]] and [[collard greens]], which are extremely similar genetically.
Since his departure from Iron Maiden, Stratton has played with bands such as Lionheart and, more recently, Praying Mantis.
==Cultivation==
The most important growing areas lie in central and northern [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. Kale grows more rarely in tropical areas as it prefers cooler climates. Kale is the most robust cabbage type - indeed the [[Hardiness (plants)|hardiness]] of kale is unmatched by any other vegetable. Kale will also tolerate nearly all soils provided that drainage is satisfactory. Another advantage is that kale rarely suffers from pests and diseases of other members of the cabbage family - [[Dove|pigeons]], club root and cabbage root fly (''Delia radicum'').
==OriginsExternal links==
*[http://www.getreadytorock.com/10questions/dennis_stratton.htm Interview With Dennis Stratton (2003)], Accessed July 10, 2005.
Until the end of the [[Middle Ages]], kale was the common green vegetable in all of [[Europe]].
*[http://leatherwarriors.web.infoseek.co.jp/Lionheart/dg1_j.html Dennis Stratton Discography], Accessed July 10, 2005.
Curly leaved varieties of cabbage already existed along with flat leafed varieties in [[Greece]], in the fourth century BC. These forms, which were referred to by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] as Sabellian kale, are considered to be the ancestors of modern kales. Today, one may differentiate between varieties according to the low, intermediate or high length of the stem, with varying leaf types. The leaf colours range from light green through green, dark green and violet-green to violet-brown. Russian kale was introduced into [[Canada]] (and then into the U.S.) by Russian traders in the 19th century.
*[http://www.praying-mantis.com/ Praying Mantis fan site]
[[Kai-lan]], a separate cultivar of ''Brassica oleracea'' much used in Chinese cuisine, is somewhat similar to kale in appearance and is occasionally called "kale" in English.
{{IronMaiden}}
==Cultivars==
Kale can be classified by leaf type:
* Curly leaved (Scots kales)
* Plain leaved
* Rape kale
* Leaf and spear (a cross between curly leaved and plain leaved kale)
[[Category:Iron Maiden|Stratton, Dennis]]
Because kale can grow well into winter, one variety of Rape kale is called 'Hungry Gap', named after the period in winter in traditional agriculture when little could be harvested.
[[Category:1954 births|Stratton, Dennis]]
[[Category:British guitarists|Stratton, Dennis]]
[[Category:Londoners|Stratton, Dennis]]
[[es:Dennis Stratton]]
==Culinary uses==
[[fr:Dennis Stratton]]
[[Image:Steamed kale and slivered almonds.jpg|thumb|left|Steamed kale and slivered [[almond]]s]]
[[no:Dennis Stratton]]
Kale freezes well and actually tastes sweeter and tastier after being exposed to a [[frost]].
Tender kale greens can provide an intense addition to salads, particularly when combined with other such strongly-flavored ingredients such as dry-roasted [[peanuts]], [[tamari]]-roasted [[almond]]s, or red [[pepper]] flakes.
A traditional Portuguese soup, caldo verde, combines mashed potatoes, sliced cooked spicy sausage, diced kale, olive oil, and broth. A whole culture around kale has developed in northwestern [[Germany]] around the towns of [[Bremen]] and [[Oldenburg]]. There, most social clubs of any kind will have a "Grünkohlfahrt" ("kale tour") sometime in January, visiting a country [[inn]] to consume large quantities of kale, sausage and [[schnapps]]. Most communities in the area have a yearly kale festival which includes naming a "kale king."
Kale is rich in [[iron#Biological role|iron]] and [[vitamin C]]. It is also very high in calcium.
==Decorative uses==
[[image:flowering-kale.jpg|thumb|Ornamental kale]]
A variety called '''flowering kale''' is grown mainly for its ornamental leaves, which are brilliant white or violet on the interior. Most plants sold as "ornamental cabbage" are in fact kales.
== Literature ==
The [[Kailyard school]] of Scottish writers, which included [[J. M. Barrie]] (author of ''[[Peter Pan]]''), consisted of authors who wrote about traditional rural Scottish life (kailyard = kale field).
==References==
*Dr D.G.Hessayon (2003)''The Vegetable & Herb Expert''. Expert Books. ISBN 0-903-50546-0
==External links and resources==
* http://www.localharvest.org/kale.jsp
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/find_lat?LAT=&COM=kale&FAM=&RATING=1 Kale]: Plants For a Future database
*[http://growingtaste.com/vegetables/kale.shtml Kale for the home gardener]
* [http://everest.ento.vt.edu/~idlab/vegpests/veghosts/greens1.pests.html Pests commonly found on Collards, Kale, Mustard and Turnip]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[de:Grünkohl]]
[[nl:Boerenkool]]
[[nds:Gröönkohl]]
[[ja:ケール]]
[[sv:Grönkål]]
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