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'''William Harrison Southworth''' ([[March 9]], [[1893]] - [[November 15]], [[1969]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[right fielder]], [[center fielder]] and [[manager (baseball)|manager]] in [[Major League Baseball]]. Playing in [[1913 in sports|1913]] and [[1915 in sports|1915]] and from [[1918 in sports|1918]] to [[1929 in sports|1929]], he batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Southworth managed in [[1929 in sports|1929]] and from [[1940 in sports|1940]] through [[1951 in sports|1951]].
In recorded music, the terms '''A-side''' and '''B-side''' refer to the two sides of 7 inch [[vinyl record]]s on which [[single (music)|single]]s have been released since the [[1950s]]. The terms have come to refer to the types of [[song]] conventionally placed on each side of the record, with the A-side being the featured song (the one that the record producer hopes will receive radio airplay and become a "hit"), while the B-side, or "flipside," is secondary.
Born in [[Harvard, Nebraska]], Southworth decided to play baseball despite his father's wishes. He batted .300 three times in his career, not counting shortened seasons.
==History==
In a 13-season career, he [[batting average|batted]] .297 with 52 [[home run]]s with 561 [[run batted in|RBIs]]. He [[stolen base|stole 138 bases]] in his career. He had 1296 [[hit (baseball)|hits]] in 4359 [[at bat]]s.
In the era of the 78 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]] [[shellac]] records A-sides and B-sides existed, but for the most part [[radio station]]s would play either side of the record, and records often had more than one track per side. The "side" did not convey anything about the content of the record.
As a manager, he was very successful, almost accumulating a .600 winning percentage (.597). He was 1770-1044 all-time with four first-place finishes, and two [[World Series]] titles ([[1942 World Series|1942]], [[1944 World Series|1944]]). Southworth also won one World Series as a player ([[1926 World Series|1926]]).
The terms came into popular use with the advent of 45 rpm vinyl records in the early 1950s. It became conventional to release "singles" containing two songs, one on each side of the record. At first, most [[record label]]s would randomly assign which song would be an A-side and which would be a B-side. Because of this, many artists had so-called "double-sided hits", where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts (in [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]], [[Cashbox]] or other magazines), or would be featured on [[jukebox]]es in public places.
Southworth began his managing career in 1928 with the [[Rochester Red Wings]] of the AA [[International League]], the top farm in the Cardinals' leading-edge [[farm system]]. After winning the IL pennant, he was promoted to St. Louis as manager for 1929. But the Redbirds, defending league champions, did not respond to Southworth's attempts at discipline and he was replaced at mid-season by [[Bill McKechnie]]. Although Southworth resumed his successful minor league managerial career that season, the firing began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with [[alcoholism]], he even left baseball for two seasons. Finally, after a recovery, he rejoined the Cardinals' minor league system in 1935 and by 1939 he was again enjoying success as Rochester's manager.
As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. Generally, the song on the A-side was the song that the record company wanted radio stations to play. By the mid-[[1970s]] double-sided singles had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album tracks or inferior recordings were placed.
In June [[1940 in sports|1940]], he received a second chance with the struggling Cardinals when owner [[Sam Breadon]] fired manager [[Ray Blades]] and promoted Southworth. This time, the Cards flourished under Southworth. They won 69 of 109 games and jumped from seventh to third place in 1940. The following season they won 97 games and finished second. Then, from 1942-44, the Cardinals won 106, 105 and 105 games, three pennants and two World Series titles. Southworth had presided over one of the most dominant three-year stretches in [[National League]] history. But in [[1945 in sports|1945]], his son, [[Major William Brooks Southworth]], died in a plane crash during military flight training. The Cards' manager rushed to the scene of the crash and was overcome with sadness, but began managing at the beginning of the season despite the tragedy. The Cardinals finished second that season, three games behind the [[Chicago Cubs]].
With the advent of [[cassette]] and [[compact disc]] singles in the late [[1980s]], the A side/B side differentiation became much less meaningful. At first cassette singles would often have one song on each side of the cassette, matching the arrangement of vinyl records, but eventually cassette [[maxi-single]]s, containing more than two songs, became more popular. With the decline of cassette singles in the [[1990s]], the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the remaining dominant medium, the compact disc, lacks an equivalent physical distinction. However, the term B-side is still frequently used, figuratively of course, to refer to the "bonus" tracks on a CD single.
Southworth then moved to the [[Atlanta Braves|Boston Braves]] in 1946, signing a then-lucrative managing contract for a reported $50,000 per season, and immediately led the Braves into the first division. In [[1948 in sports|1948]], spearheaded by the National League's best one-two pitching combination, lefthander [[Warren Spahn]] and righty [[Johnny Sain]], the Braves won their second NL pennant of the 20th century but were defeated in six games by the [[Cleveland Indians]] in the [[1948 World Series]].
==Significance==
The following season saw Boston struggle on the field and in chaos off the diamond, with numerous players rebelling against Southworth's rules and regulations. The manager was rumored to be drinking heavily and near nervous collapse. With Boston at 55-54 in August, Southworth turned the Braves over to [[coach (baseball)|coach]] [[Johnny Cooney]] for the remainder of [[1949 in sports|1949]]. Southworth returned to his post in [[1950 in sports|1950]] - the rebellious players had been traded - and led the Braves back into the first division, but an aging team and declining attendance bode poorly for both Southworth's career and the Braves' future in [[New England]]. In [[1951 in sports|1951]], Southworth's club was only 28-31 on June 19 when he was fired and replaced by his former standout [[center fielder]], [[Tommy Holmes]]. He never managed again in the major leagues and the Braves abandoned Boston for [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] in March [[1953 in sports|1953]].
B-side songs are released on the same record as a [[single (music)|single]] to provide extra "value for money". There are several types of material commonly released in this way:
*a different (e.g., instrumental, [[a capella]], [[acoustic]], or [[remix]]ed) version of the A-side
*another song from the same [[album (music)|album]], which the record company does not want to release on its own
*a song not considered good enough for the album
*a song that was stylistically unsuitable for the album
Billy Southworth died of [[emphysema]] at age 76 in [[Columbus, Ohio]].
Since both sides of a single received equal [[royalties]] some composers deliberately arranged for their songs to be used as the B-sides of singles by popular artists, thereby making a fortune literally off the back of the A-side. This became known as the "flipside racket".
==External link==
On a few occasions, the B-side became the more popular song. This was usually because a [[disc jockey|DJ]] preferred the B-side to its A-side and played it instead. Then the B-side would in a sense become the A-side, by virtue of being the preferred side. Examples:
* [http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/southbi01.shtml Baseball-Reference.com] - career managing record and playing statistics
* [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] - Some Might Say/Acqueisce
* [[Gary Glitter]] - Rock and Roll Part 1/Rock and Roll Part 2
* [[Salt-N-Pepa]] - Tramp/Push It
* [[Gene Vincent]] - Woman Love/Be-Bop-A-Lula
* [[Cliff Richard]] - Schoolboy Crush/Move It
* [[Kylie Minogue]] - Giving You Up / Made Of Glass (became a massive hit in Australia)
* [[Kraftwerk]] - Computer Love/The Model
* [[Garbage (band)|Garbage]] - Subhuman / #1 Crush (became a Modern Rock #1 when remixed later)
* [[Rod Stewart]] - Reason To Believe/Maggie May
* [[The Living End]] - Second Solution/ Prisoner of Society
* [[XTC]] - Grass/Dear God
* [[Feeder (band)|Feeder]] - Seven Days In The Sun/[[Just A Day]] and Tumble And Fall/Shatter
* [[The Smiths]] - William It Was Really Nothing/ Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want & [[How Soon Is Now?]] (Also, in the case of How Soon Is Now", it was later released as its very own single)
[[Category:1893 births|Southworth, Billy]]
Even more rarely, both sides of the single would become hits. This feat was done repeatedly by some artists. Examples:
[[Category:1969 deaths|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Elvis Presley]] - Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog
[[Category:People from Nebraska|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[The Beatles]] - Penny Lane/Strawberry Fields Forever
[[Category:Baseball managers|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Fats Domino]] - I Wanna Walk You Home/Walking To New Orleans
[[Category:Major league right fielders|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] - Down On The Corner/Fortunate Son
[[Category:Major league center fielders|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Richie Valens]] - Donna/La Bamba
[[Category:Cleveland Indians players|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Queen_(band)|Queen]] - We Are The Champions/We Will Rock You
[[Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Queen_(band)|Queen]] - Bicycle Race/Fat Bottomed Girls
[[Category:Boston Braves players|Southworth, Billy]]
* [[Feeder (band)|Feeder]] - Seven Days In The Sun/[[Just A Day]] and Tumble And Fall/Shatter
[[Category:New York Giants baseball players|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals players|Southworth, Billy]]
The [[flip side]] of a single does not necessarily contain B-side material. A single containing two songs of normal quality is referred to as a "[[double A-side]]". In reference to this convention, [[Marvin the Paranoid Android]] released a "double B-side" single in [[1981]]. In rare occasions there are even triple A-side singles, such as "What Becomes Of The Broken Hearted"/"You'll Never Walk Alone"/"Saturday Night At The Movies", the [[1996]] triple A-side #1 UK single by [[Robson and Jerome]].
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals managers|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Category:Boston Braves managers|Southworth, Billy]]
On some reissued singles the A- and B-sides are by completely different artists, or two songs from different albums that would not normally have been released together. These were sometimes made for [[jukebox]]es, as one record with two popular songs on it would make more money.
==Other types of non-primary sound recording==
B-sides are different from unreleased material, outtakes and demos. '''Unreleased material''', for obvious reasons, usually doesn't see the light of day. On rare occasions, particularly for reissues, these songs are in fact placed on albums, often with that description after it. In an extreme case, singer [[Moby]]'s [[DVD]] titled "18 B-Sides and DVD" featured 21 of them.
'''Outtakes''' are songs recorded for an album but, either for technical or artistic purposes, not included in the released album. They occasionally appear on reissues of albums, billed as "bonus tracks". Georgia group [[R.E.M. (band)|REM]]'s album titled "Dead Letter Office", for example, is largely a collection of outtakes from their previous albums.
'''Demos''' are early versions of songs which, like "unreleased material", seldom see the light of day. Demos of songs often have additional or alternative verses. Often more demos than full songs are recorded, as an artist goes back and retools what is already present. Singers [[Moby]], [[Prince (artist)|Prince]], and [[Billy Corgan]] of now-defunct group [[Smashing Pumpkins]] are rumored to have large personal collections of demos.
On occasion, artists release albums of compiled B-sides and rare tracks, making it easier for fans to listen to new and unheard material from discontinued singles. [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s [[Incesticide]] and The [[Smashing Pumpkins]]' [[Pisces Iscariot]] are examples, as are the "Switched-On" series of compilations by [[Stereolab]]. In [[2004]], [[Feeder (band)|Feeder]] released [[Picture Of Perfect Youth]], a limited edition album which contained 36 b-sides across two [[Compact Disc|CD]]s.
==B-side collections==
* [[Anthrax (band)|Anthrax]] - ''[[Attack of the Killer B's]]'' ([[1991]])
* [[Broken Social Scene]] - ''[[Bee Hives (Broken Social Scene album)|Bee Hives]]'' ([[2003]])
* [[Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds]] - <i>B-Sides and Rarities</i> ([[2005]])
* [[The Cure]] - ''[[Join the Dots: B-Sides and Rarities, 1978-2001 (The Fiction Years)|Join the Dots: B-Sides and Rarities, 1978-2001]]'' [Boxset] ([[2004]])
* [[Def Leppard]] - ''[[Retro Active]]'' ([[1993]])
* [[Feeder (band)|Feeder]] - ''[[Picture Of Perfect Youth]]'' ([[2004]])
* [[Five Iron Frenzy]] - ''[[Cheeses...(of Nazareth)]]'' ([[2003]])
* [[Fountains of Wayne]] - ''[[Out of State Plates]]'' ([[2005]])
* [[Gorillaz]] - ''[[G-Sides]]'' ([[2001]])
* [[Green Day]] - ''[[Shenanigans]]'' ([[2002]])
* [[James (band)|James]] - ''Ultra'' ([[2001]])
* [[Kent (band)|Kent]] - ''B-Sidor 95-00'' ([[2000]])
* [[Less Than Jake]] - ''B is for B-Sides'' ([[2004]])
* [[Manic Street Preachers]] - [[Lipstick_Traces_%28A_Secret_History_Of_The_Manic_Street_Preachers%29|Lipstick Traces]] ([[2003]])
* [[Moby]] - ''[[Play: The B Sides]]'' ([[2001]])
* [[Moby]] - ''18 B-Sides'' ([[2004]]) (most of the b-sides from album <i>18</i>)
* [[Morphine (band)|Morphine]] - [[B-Sides and Otherwise]] ([[1997]])
* [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] - ''[[Incesticide]]'' ([[1992]])
* [[NoFX]] - ''[[45 or 46 Songs That Weren't Good Enough to Go on Our Other Records]]'' ([[2002]])
* [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] - ''[[The Masterplan]]'' ([[1998]])
* [[Ocean Colour Scene]] - ''[[B-sides, Seasides and Freerides]]'' ([[1997]])
* [[Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark|OMD]] - ''Navigation - The B-Sides'' ([[2001]])
* [[Pearl Jam]] - ''[[Lost Dogs (album)|Lost Dogs]]'' ([[2003]])
* [[Pet Shop Boys]] - ''[[Alternative (album)|Alternative]]'' ([[1995]])
* [[The Pixies|Pixies]] - ''Complete B-Sides'' ([[2001]])
* [[Shihad]] - ''B-Sides'' ([[1996]])
* [[Skinny Puppy]] - ''B-Sides Collect'' ([[1999]])
* [[Smashing Pumpkins]] - ''[[Pisces Iscariot]]'' ([[1994]])
* [[Smashing Pumpkins]] - ''[[Judas O]]'' ([[2001]]) (limited edition bonus CD to ''[[Rotten Apples]]''; a collection of B-sides meant to "sequel" ''Pisces Iscariot'')
* [[Something for Kate]] - ''Phantom Limbs - Selected B Sides'' ([[2004]])
* [[Suede (band)|Suede]] - ''[[Sci-Fi Lullabies]]'' ([[1997]])
* [[Tears for Fears|Tears for Fears]] - ''Saturnine Martial & Lunatic'' ([[1996]])
* [[They Might Be Giants]] - ''[[Miscellaneous T]]'' ([[1991]])
* [[They Might Be Giants]] - ''[[They Got Lost]]'' ([[2002]])
* [[XTC]] - ''[[Beeswax: Some B-Sides 1977-1982]]'' ([[1982]])
==Albums featuring extensive b-sides==
* [[New Order]] - ''[[Substance_1987|Substance]]'' ([[1987]])
* [[The Smiths]] - ''[[The World Won't Listen]]'' ([[1987]])
* [[The Smiths]] - ''[[Louder Than Bombs]]'' ([[1987]])
* [[Prince (artist)|Prince]] - ''[[The Hits/The B-Sides]]'' ([[1993]])
* [[Sarah McLachlan]] - ''[[Rarities, B-Sides and Other Stuff]]'' ([[1996]])
* [[U2 (band)|U2]] - ''[[The Best of 1980-1990]]: Limited Edition'' ([[1998]])
* [[Cowboy Junkies]] - ''Rarities, B-Sides and Slow, Sad Waltzes'' ([[1999]])
* [[U2 (band)|U2]] - ''[[The Best of 1990-2000]]: Limited Edition'' ([[2002]])
* [[Ash (band)|Ash]] - ''Intergalactic Sonic 7s (incl Bonus CD Cosmic Debris)'' ([[2002]])
* [[Mansun]] - ''Kleptomania'' ([[2004]])
* [[Morrissey]] - ''[[You Are the Quarry]]: Deluxe Edition'' ([[2004]])
* [[Nine Inch Nails]] - ''The Downward Spiral: Deluxe Edition'' ([[2004]])
* [[Weezer]] - ''Weezer Deluxe Edition''
* [[Korn]] - "See You On The Other Side (Special Edition)" ([[2005]])
* [[Slipknot]] - "Slipknot (Digipak)" ([[2000]])
* [[Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers]] - ''[[Playback (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers box set)|Playback]]'' ([[1995]])
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