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'''William Harrison Southworth''' ([[March 9]], [[1893]] - [[November 15]], [[1969]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[right fielder]], [[center fielder]] and [[manager (baseball)|manager]] in [[Major League Baseball]]. Playing in [[1913 in sports|1913]] and [[1915 in sports|1915]] and from [[1918 in sports|1918]] to [[1929 in sports|1929]], he batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Southworth managed in [[1929 in sports|1929]] and from [[1940 in sports|1940]] through [[1951 in sports|1951]].
: ''This article is about goats, the animals. For the web comic, see [[Goats (comic)]].''
Born in [[Harvard, Nebraska]], Southworth decided to play baseball despite his father's wishes. He batted .300 three times in his career, not counting shortened seasons.
{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Capra}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:Billy goat.jpg|250px]] | caption =Adult male or buck goat}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animal]]ia}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Even-toed ungulate|Artiodactyla]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Bovid|Bovidae]]}}
{{Taxobox_subfamilia_entry | taxon = [[Goat antelope|Caprinae]]}}
{{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = '''''Capra'''''}}<br/>{{Taxobox authority | author = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | date = 1758}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = Species}}
See [[Goat#Species and subspecies|Species and subspecies]]
{{Taxobox_end}}
In a 13-season career, he [[batting average|batted]] .297 with 52 [[home run]]s with 561 [[run batted in|RBIs]]. He [[stolen base|stole 138 bases]] in his career. He had 1296 [[hit (baseball)|hits]] in 4359 [[at bat]]s.
A '''goat''' is an [[mammal]] in the [[genus]] '''''Capra''''', which consists of nine [[species]]: the [[Ibex]], the [[West Caucasian Tur]], the [[East Caucasian Tur]], the [[Markhor]], and the [[Wild Goat]].
As a manager, he was very successful, almost accumulating a .600 winning percentage (.597). He was 1770-1044 all-time with four first-place finishes, and two [[World Series]] titles ([[1942 World Series|1942]], [[1944 World Series|1944]]). Southworth also won one World Series as a player ([[1926 World Series|1926]]).
The animal most commonly known as a "goat" is the [[domestic goat]] (''Capra aegagrus hircus''), a [[domesticated]] [[subspecies]] of the [[Wild Goat]]. Goats are [[bovid]]s (members of the [[family]] [[Bovidae]]) and caprins (SubFamily [[Caprinae]]). Goats are [[ruminant]]s, meaning they chew cud. These animals have a four chambered stomach which plays a vital role in digesting, reguritating and re-digesting their food.
Southworth began his managing career in 1928 with the [[Rochester Red Wings]] of the AA [[International League]], the top farm in the Cardinals' leading-edge [[farm system]]. After winning the IL pennant, he was promoted to St. Louis as manager for 1929. But the Redbirds, defending league champions, did not respond to Southworth's attempts at discipline and he was replaced at mid-season by [[Bill McKechnie]]. Although Southworth resumed his successful minor league managerial career that season, the firing began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with [[alcoholism]], he even left baseball for two seasons. Finally, after a recovery, he rejoined the Cardinals' minor league system in 1935 and by 1939 he was again enjoying success as Rochester's manager.
A [[male]] goat is called a ''buck'' or ''billy'', and a [[female]] is called a ''doe'' or ''nanny''. Young goats are called ''kids''.
In June [[1940 in sports|1940]], he received a second chance with the struggling Cardinals when owner [[Sam Breadon]] fired manager [[Ray Blades]] and promoted Southworth. This time, the Cards flourished under Southworth. They won 69 of 109 games and jumped from seventh to third place in 1940. The following season they won 97 games and finished second. Then, from 1942-44, the Cardinals won 106, 105 and 105 games, three pennants and two World Series titles. Southworth had presided over one of the most dominant three-year stretches in [[National League]] history. But in [[1945 in sports|1945]], his son, [[Major William Brooks Southworth]], died in a plane crash during military flight training. The Cards' manager rushed to the scene of the crash and was overcome with sadness, but began managing at the beginning of the season despite the tragedy. The Cardinals finished second that season, three games behind the [[Chicago Cubs]].
The [[Rocky Mountain Goat]], despite its name, is not considered a true goat by [[scientist]]s as it belongs to the genus ''[[Oreamnos]]''.
Southworth then moved to the [[Atlanta Braves|Boston Braves]] in 1946, signing a then-lucrative managing contract for a reported $50,000 per season, and immediately led the Braves into the first division. In [[1948 in sports|1948]], spearheaded by the National League's best one-two pitching combination, lefthander [[Warren Spahn]] and righty [[Johnny Sain]], the Braves won their second NL pennant of the 20th century but were defeated in six games by the [[Cleveland Indians]] in the [[1948 World Series]].
Goats are the ferret's worst enemy.
The following season saw Boston struggle on the field and in chaos off the diamond, with numerous players rebelling against Southworth's rules and regulations. The manager was rumored to be drinking heavily and near nervous collapse. With Boston at 55-54 in August, Southworth turned the Braves over to [[coach (baseball)|coach]] [[Johnny Cooney]] for the remainder of [[1949 in sports|1949]]. Southworth returned to his post in [[1950 in sports|1950]] - the rebellious players had been traded - and led the Braves back into the first division, but an aging team and declining attendance bode poorly for both Southworth's career and the Braves' future in [[New England]]. In [[1951 in sports|1951]], Southworth's club was only 28-31 on June 19 when he was fired and replaced by his former standout [[center fielder]], [[Tommy Holmes]]. He never managed again in the major leagues and the Braves abandoned Boston for [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] in March [[1953 in sports|1953]].
==Species and subspecies==
[[Image:Goat.jpg|thumb|right|Preferring woody and weedy species, goats select the young growing points first as they browse downward from the upper parts of a plant.<br>Photo by Scott Bauer for the USDA]]
Billy Southworth died of [[emphysema]] at age 76 in [[Columbus, Ohio]].
*''Capra aegagrus'' - [[wild goat]] (Bezoar Goat, Pasang)
**''Capra aegagrus hircus'' - [[domestic goat]]
**''Capra aegagrus creticus'' - [[kri-kri]] (Cretan goat, Agrimi, Cretan ibex)
*''Capra caucasia'' - [[West Caucasian tur]]
*''Capra cylindricornis'' - [[East Caucasian tur]]
*''Capra hircus'' - [[Cashmere goat]]
*''Capra falconeri'' - [[markhor]]
**''Capra falconeri heptneri'' - [[Bukharan markhor]]
**''Capra falconeri chialtanensis'' - [[Chialtan markhor]]
**''Capra falconeri megaceros'' - [[straight-horned markhor]]
**''Capra falconeri jerdoni'' - [[Suleman markhor]]
*''Capra ibex'' - [[alpine ibex]]
**''Capra ibex ibex''
**''Capra ibex nubiana'' - [[Nubian ibex]]¹
**''Capra ibex sibirica'' - [[Asiatic ibex]]²
*''Capra pyrenaica'' - [[Spanish ibex]]
**''Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica'' - [[Pyrenean Ibex]]†
**''Capra pyrenaica lusitanica'' - [[Portuguese Ibex]]†
*''Capra walie'' - [[Walia ibex]]
==External link==
¹ also ''Capra nubiana''<br>
* [http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/southbi01.shtml Baseball-Reference.com] - career managing record and playing statistics
² also ''Capra sibirica''<br>
[[Category:1893 births|Southworth, Billy]]
==Domestication and Uses==
[[Category:1969 deaths|Southworth, Billy]]
: ''Main article: [[Domestic goat]]''
[[Category:People from Nebraska|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Image:Goat 1 at UK Zoo May 2005.JPG|thumb|250px|Young goat at a British zoo]]
[[Category:Baseball managers|Southworth, Billy]]
Along with [[sheep]], goats were among the first [[domesticated animals]], the domestication process starting at least 10,000 years ago. Easy human access to goat [[hair]], [[meat]], and [[milk]] were the primary motivations. Goat [[skin]]s were popularly used until the [[Middle Ages]] for water and [[wine bottles]] when traveling and [[camping]] and as [[parchment]] for writing in certain regions.
[[Category:Major league right fielders|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Category:Major league center fielders|Southworth, Billy]]
The meat and milk of goats is still consumed, though not as commonly in the [[United States]] as in other regions of the world. However, goat milk has become more popular because it is easier to digest than cows milk. Many call goat's milk a universal milk, because it can be given to most mammals. In India goat's meat is often called 'mutton' or even 'lamb'. Goat skin is still used to make [[kid glove]]s and other items of [[clothing]]. Angora goats produce mohair, a fine soft lusterous fiber. Pygora goats produce a cashmere type fiber. [[Cashmere]] and [[Mohair]] that can be made into [[sweater]]s and other items.Some people keep goats as pets as well.
[[Category:Cleveland Indians players|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Image:Goat-Link-Angora-Buck.jpg|thumb|100px|Angora Goat Buck]]
[[Category:Boston Braves players|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Image:Goat-Link-Angora-Doe.jpg|thumb|100px|Angora Goat Doe]]
[[Category:New York Giants baseball players|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Image:Goat-Link-Angora-Baby.jpg|thumb|100px|Angora Goat Baby (Kid)]]
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals players|Southworth, Billy]]
These are the goats that create the fiber used in high fashion garments.
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals managers|Southworth, Billy]]
[[Category:Boston Braves managers|Southworth, Billy]]
==Similarity to Sheep==
The goat is closely related to the [[sheep]], but differs from it in that the tail is shorter and the hollow horns are long and directed upward, backward, and outward while those of the sheep are [[spiral]]ly twisted. Like sheep, goats are [[herd]] animals and survive better in a herd situation than alone. A herd typically has a Herd Queen, who leads the herd while browsing. They are also much more lively than sheep and their inquisitive nature makes them curious [[pet]]s.
==Behavior==
Goats are extremely curious and intelligent. They are easily trained to pull carts, walk on leads and housebreak. They are also known for escaping their pens. If you have inferior fencing, be assured your goats will test it and soon you will know where the gaps are. Goats are very coordinated and can climb and hold their balance in the most precarious places. Goats are also widely known for their ability to climb trees, although the tree generally has to be on somewhat of an angle.
A common mistake people make is that goats will eat anything. This is Not true at all. As a matter of fact, they are fastidious eaters and will not even take a bite of something that has fallen onto the ground or that someone else has had in their mouth. Goats prefer to browse [[shrubbery]] and [[weed]]s for food. Unlike sheep, goats browse; more like deer, preferring woody shrubs rather than grasses. Mold in a goat's feed can actually make them so sick it can kill them. Nightshade is also poisonous; wilted fruit tree leaves can also kill goats.
NEVER feed goats feed with any signs of mold at all. Silage (corn stalks) is not good for goats, but haylage can be used if consumed immediately after opening. Alfalfa is their favorite hay, fescue the least palatable and least nutritious.
Goats are the only animals with an innate sense of democracy. That's why they're sometimes referred to as "nature's president"
==Goats in Folklore and Mythology==
Since its inception, [[Christianity]] has associated goats with [[Satan]]. A common [[superstition]] in the [[Middle Ages]] was that goats whispered lewd sentences in the ears of the [[saint]]s. The origin of this belief was probably the behavior of the buck in rut, the very epitome of lust. The common mediaeval depiction of a [[devil]] was that of a goat like face with horns and small beard (a [[goatee]]). The [[Black Mass]], a probably-mythological "Satanic mass," was said to involve a black goat, a form in which Satan supposedly manifested himself for worship.
The goat has had a lingering connection with [[Satanism]] and [[pagan]] [[religion]]s, even into modern times. The [[pentagram]], a symbol used by both Satanism and [[Wicca]], is said to be shaped like a goat's head. It is sometimes called the [[goat of Mendes]], after a goat that supposedly copulated with [[priestess]]es during certain rituals in an ancient [[cult]] in Mendes, Greece.
The Norse god of thunder, Thor, had a chariot that was pulled by several goats. At night when he would set up camp, Thor would eat the meat of the goats & break their legs to eat the marrow. In the morning, they would always reappear to pull the chariot.
The goat is also one of the twelve-year cycle of animals which appear in the [[Chinese zodiac]] related to the [[Chinese calendar]]. It is thought that each animal is associated with certain personality traits; those born in a year of the goat are predicted to be shy, introverted, creative, and perfectionist. See [[Sheep (Zodiac)]].
The [[Capricorn]] sign in the Western [[zodiac]] is usually depicted as a goat with a [[fish]]'s tail.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Gorge_du_Verdon_Goat_0254.jpg|Goat in the mountains above Gorges du Verdon, Provence, South-France
Image:Goat skull.jpg|A goat skull
Image:Brown female goat.jpg|Female goat, also called a nanny
Image:Goats in mountains.jpg|Domestic Goats high up in the hills
Image:Karjus.jpg|A man [[herding]] [[goats]] in [[Tunisia]]
</gallery>
More pictures on: [[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Goat]], [[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Goat]]
== See also ==
{{Commons2|Goat|Goat}}
*[[Domestic goat]]
*[[User:GoatLink|Goat Glossary of Terms]]
*[[Livestock]]
*[[Royal antelope]]
[[Category:Goats| ]]
[[bg:Кози]]
[[ca:Cabra]]
[[cy:Gafr]]
[[de:Ziegen]]
[[es:Cabra]]
[[eo:Kapro]]
[[fr:Chèvre]]
[[he:עז]]
[[id:Kambing]]
[[io:Kapro]]
[[ko:염소 (동물)]]
[[ja:ヤギ]]
[[ms:Kambing]]
[[nds:Teeg]]
[[nl:Geit]]
[[no:Geit]]
[[pt:Bode]]
[[tr:keçi]]
[[zh:山羊]]
also known as a boz.
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