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:''This article is about the city in Peru. For other meanings, see [[Tacna (disambiguation)]].''
'''Tacna''' is a city in southern [[Peru]] and the [[regional capital]] of the [[Tacna Region]]. It is located on the [[Atacama Desert]], inland from the [[Pacific Ocean]] and on the valley of the [[Caplina River]]. Tacna is a very commercially active city, located only 35 km (21 mi) north from the border with [[Chile]].
Tacna is one of the most [[patriotism|patriotic]] cities in Peru, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence ([[1821]]-[[1824]]) and the [[War of the Pacific]] ([[1879]]-[[1883]]). Residents of Tacna are known in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as ''tacneños''.
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+ <big>'''Tacna'''</big>
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| align=center colspan=2 |
{|
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| align=center width=135 | [[Image:Tacna coat of arms.png|100px|Coat of arms of Tacna, Peru]]
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| align=center width=135 | City coat of arms
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| align=center colspan=2 | <small>''City [[nickname]]: "La Ciudad Heroica"<br>("The Heroic City")''</small>
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| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Location of the city of Tacna in Peru.png|Location of Tacna in Peru]]
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|<b>Founded</b>
|[[June 25]], [[1875]]
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|<b>[[Mayor]]</b>
|Jacinto Gómez
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| '''[[Population]]'''<br> - Total
| <br>169,526 ([[1999]] estimate)
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| '''[[Time zone]]'''
| [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-5
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| '''[[Height]]'''
| 552 m (1811 ft)
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| align=center colspan=2 | '''Official website:''' [http://www.munitacna.gob.pe www.munitacna.gob.pe]
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==History==
[[Francisco Antonio De Zela]], a royal accountant (similar in function to a modern-day income tax auditor), initiated the push for Peruvian Independence from [[Spain]] in [[1811]] in Tacna, leading to a series of commemorative actions for the city, culminating in the [[1828]] declaration of Tacna as the "Heroic City" (''"La Heroica Ciudad de San Pedro de Tacna"'') by President [[José de La Mar]].
Tacna's economic prosperity attracted a wave of [[Italy|Italian]] immigrants who arrived in the city during the mid [[19th century]], which is the reason why many ''tacneños'' have Italian surnames. This era of successful commerce and agriculture ended drastically with the start of the [[War of the Pacific]].
[[Image:Downtown Tacna.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Downtown Tacna]]
During the war, the cities of Tacna and [[Arica]] were invaded by the [[Chile]]an Army. A peace agreement, the [[Treaty of Ancón]], was signed in [[1883]]. Under the terms of the treaty, Chile was to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for 10 years, after which a plebiscite was to be held to determine their nationality. Tacna lived a period of captivity for 50 years; the invaders started a [[campaign]] of "Chilenization", whose purpose was to convince the local population of accepting Chile as the new ruling power, and make them lose their Peruvian identity.
Nevertheless, the [[patriotism]] of the ''tacneños'' hindered the Chilean attempts of gaining their sympathy, which was needed for getting their vote at the plebiscite. The plebiscite was never held, though. Finally, in [[1929]], an accord was reached by which Chile kept Arica; Peru reacquired Tacna and received $6 million indemnity and other concessions.
Today, Tacna is a mostly commercial city with many immigrants from the [[Puno Region]] living there. Its economy is based on mercantile activities with the north of Chile (Arica and [[Iquique]]). Since it is part of a [[duty free]] zone, Tacna has come to rival [[Arequipa]] as Southern Peru's main business area. The city has one of the largest artifact markets in the world, with things from [[Japan]] to [[China]], and also traditional Peruvian handicrafts.
==Tourist attractions==
Many monuments are located in this city, including the arch of the [[Alto de la Alianza]], which shows the significance of this town.
[[Image:Tacna Plaza de Armas.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Plaza de Armas]]]]
Other monuments include a neo-[[Renaissance]] Cathedral, the Alameda Bolognesi Walkway and the caves of [[Toquepala]], where [[archaeology|archaeologists]] have found some of the oldest human remains in [[Peru]].
==Festivities==
The most important festivity in the city is the ''Semana de Tacna'' ("Tacna Week"), which runs from [[August 25]]-[[August 30|30]].
On [[August 28th]], a large [[Flag of Peru|Peruvian flag]] is shown throughout the city during the ''Paseo de la Bandera'', which celebrates the anniversary of the reincorporation of Tacna into Peruvian sovereignty and is one of the most important patriotic demonstrations in the whole country. This tradition started in [[1901]], during the [[Chile]]an occupation of Tacna, by a group of ''tacneños'' who defied the prohibition of showing Peruvian flags imposed by the Chilean authorities.
There is an agrarian and industrial fair as part of these celebrations.
In September, the festival of the [[Señor de Locumba]] is celebrated, which draws thousands of faithful people from all over the world.
==External links==
* {{es icon}} [http://www.munitacna.gob.pe Municipalidad Provincia de Tacna] - Tacna Province Council
* {{es icon}} [http://www.radiouno.com.pe Radio Uno] - Local news radio station
[[Category:Cities in Peru]]
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